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Wang Z, Du S, Zhu H, Yi K, Tang Z, Li Q. A finite element analysis of periodontal ligament fluid mechanics response to occlusal loading based on hydro-mechanical coupling model. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:106008. [PMID: 38781742 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering fluid stimulation is one of the essential biomechanical signals for periodontal tissues, this study aims to characterizing fluid mechanics response during occlusal loading by a hydro-mechanical coupling model for periodontal ligament. DESIGN Models simulating periodontium with normal bone height and with intraosseous defects were built with three mechanical modules: tooth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Tooth was modeled as linear elastic, and periodontal ligament and alveolar bone as a hydro-mechanical coupling model. Transient analyses under dynamic occlusal loading were performed. Fluid dynamics within periodontal ligament space was simulated and visualized by post-processing module. RESULTS Reciprocating oscillatory flow occurred within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Higher pore pressure and fluid velocity were observed in furcation and apical regions compared to mid-root and cervical regions. Intraosseous defects increased pore pressure and fluid velocity within the periodontal ligament, most significantly near the defect. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the hydro-mechanical coupling model, significant oscillatory fluid motion is observed within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Particularly, higher fluid velocity is evident in the furcation and apical areas. Additionally, Intraosseous defects significantly enhance fluid motion within the periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Sa Du
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Huilin Zhu
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Ke Yi
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing.
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
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Nuckhir M, Withey D, Cabral S, Harrison H, Clarke RB. State of the Art Modelling of the Breast Cancer Metastatic Microenvironment: Where Are We? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:14. [PMID: 39012440 PMCID: PMC11252219 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic spread of tumour cells to tissues and organs around the body is the most frequent cause of death from breast cancer. This has been modelled mainly using mouse models such as syngeneic mammary cancer or human in mouse xenograft models. These have limitations for modelling human disease progression and cannot easily be used for investigation of drug resistance and novel therapy screening. To complement these approaches, advances are being made in ex vivo and 3D in vitro models, which are becoming progressively better at reliably replicating the tumour microenvironment and will in the future facilitate drug development and screening. These approaches include microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip and use of advanced biomaterials. The relevant tissues to be modelled include those that are frequent and clinically important sites of metastasis such as bone, lung, brain, liver for invasive ductal carcinomas and a distinct set of common metastatic sites for lobular breast cancer. These sites all have challenges to model due to their unique cellular compositions, structure and complexity. The models, particularly in vivo, provide key information on the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the native tissue, and will guide us in producing specific therapies that are helpful in different context of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Nuckhir
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - David Withey
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Sara Cabral
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Hannah Harrison
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breast Biology Group, Manchester Breast Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 4GJ, UK.
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Ren Q, Wang R, Cheng H, Zheng S, Zan X, Chen C. Hydroxyapatite Film with Distinctive Roughness for Simulating the Bone Microenvironment and Revealing the Behavior of Metastatic Mammary Cancer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14476-14485. [PMID: 38967501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor arising in normal mammary epithelial tissues. Nearly 75% of the patients with advanced mammary cancer develop bone metastases, resulting in secondary tumor growth, osteolytic bone degradation, and poor prognosis. The bone matrix comprises a highly hierarchical architecture and is composed of a nonmineral organic part, a predominantly type-I collagen, and a mineral inorganic part composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2). Although there has been extensive research indicating that the material properties of bone minerals affect metastatic breast cancer, it remains unclear how the microenvironment of the bone matrix, such as the roughness, which changes as a result of osteolytic bone remodeling, affects this disease. In this study, we created HA coatings in situ on polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) by incubating PEMs in a mixture of phosphate and calcium ions. The HA films with distinctive roughness were successfully collected by controlling the incubation time, which served as the simulated microenvironment of the bone matrix. MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells were cultured on HA films, and an optimal roughness was observed in the adhesion, proliferation, and expression of two cytokines closely related to bone metastasis. This study contributed to the understanding of the effect of the microenvironment of the bone matrix, such as the roughness, on the metastasis behavior of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghuan Ren
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ren Wang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, P. R. China
| | - Hongsen Cheng
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, P. R. China
| | - Shengwu Zheng
- Wenzhou Celecare Medical Instruments Co., Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Zan
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P. R. China
| | - Chensong Chen
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, P. R. China
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Arakil N, Akhund SA, Elaasser B, Mohammad KS. Intersecting Paths: Unraveling the Complex Journey of Cancer to Bone Metastasis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1075. [PMID: 38791037 PMCID: PMC11117796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of bone metastases presents a significant challenge within the context of advanced cancer treatments, particularly pertaining to breast, prostate, and lung cancers. These metastatic occurrences stem from the dissemination of cancerous cells into the bone, thereby interrupting the equilibrium between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Such disruption results in skeletal complications, adversely affecting patient morbidity and quality of life. This review discusses the intricate interplay between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, positing the bone not merely as a passive recipient of metastatic cells but as an active contributor to cancer progression through its distinctive biochemical and cellular makeup. A thorough examination of bone structure and the dynamics of bone remodeling is undertaken, elucidating how metastatic cancer cells exploit these processes. This review explores the genetic and molecular pathways that underpin the onset and development of bone metastases. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of cytokines and growth factors in facilitating osteoclastogenesis and influencing osteoblast activity. Additionally, this paper offers a meticulous critique of current diagnostic methodologies, ranging from conventional radiography to advanced molecular imaging techniques, and discusses the implications of a nuanced understanding of bone metastasis biology for therapeutic intervention. This includes the development of targeted therapies and strategies for managing bone pain and other skeletal-related events. Moreover, this review underscores the imperative of ongoing research efforts aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets and refining management approaches for bone metastases. It advocates for a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates advancements in medical oncology and radiology with insights derived from molecular biology and genetics, to enhance prognostic outcomes and the quality of life for patients afflicted by this debilitating condition. In summary, bone metastases constitute a complex issue that demands a comprehensive and informed approach to treatment. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse by consolidating existing knowledge and identifying avenues for future investigation, with the overarching objective of ameliorating patient care in the domain of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khalid S. Mohammad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 1153, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (S.A.A.); (B.E.)
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5
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Michel Z, Raborn LN, Spencer T, Pan KS, Martin D, Roszko KL, Wang Y, Robey PG, Collins MT, Boyce AM, de Castro LF. Transcriptomic Signature and Pro-Osteoclastic Secreted Factors of Abnormal Bone-Marrow Stromal Cells in Fibrous Dysplasia. Cells 2024; 13:774. [PMID: 38727310 PMCID: PMC11083355 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a mosaic skeletal disorder caused by somatic activating variants of GNAS encoding for Gαs and leading to excessive cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling in bone-marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The effect of Gαs activation in the BMSC transcriptome and how it influences FD lesion microenvironment are unclear. We analyzed changes induced by Gαs activation in the BMSC transcriptome and secretome. RNAseq analysis of differential gene expression of cultured BMSCs from patients with FD and healthy volunteers, and from an inducible mouse model of FD, was performed, and the transcriptomic profiles of both models were combined to build a robust FD BMSC genetic signature. Pathways related to Gαs activation, cytokine signaling, and extracellular matrix deposition were identified. To assess the modulation of several key secreted factors in FD pathogenesis, cytokines and other factors were measured in culture media. Cytokines were also screened in a collection of plasma samples from patients with FD, and positive correlations of several cytokines to their disease burden score, as well as to one another and bone turnover markers, were found. These data support the pro-inflammatory, pro-osteoclastic behavior of FD BMSCs and point to several cytokines and other secreted factors as possible therapeutic targets and/or circulating biomarkers for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Michel
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.M.); (K.S.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Layne N. Raborn
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.N.R.); (T.S.); (K.L.R.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Tiahna Spencer
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.N.R.); (T.S.); (K.L.R.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Kristen S. Pan
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.M.); (K.S.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Kelly L. Roszko
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.N.R.); (T.S.); (K.L.R.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michael T. Collins
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.N.R.); (T.S.); (K.L.R.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Alison M. Boyce
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Z.M.); (K.S.P.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Luis Fernandez de Castro
- Skeletal Diseases and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Building 30, Room 207, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (L.N.R.); (T.S.); (K.L.R.); (M.T.C.)
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Tang Y, Su S, Yu R, Liao C, Dong Z, Jia C, Yau V, Wu L, Guo W, Zheng J. Unraveling ferroptosis in osteogenic lineages: implications for dysregulated bone remodeling during periodontitis progression. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:195. [PMID: 38670955 PMCID: PMC11053120 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues that leads to tooth loss in extreme situations. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of periodontitis pathogenesis and progression will establish the groundwork for developing effective treatment strategies. Recently, evidence concerning the role of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression has emerged. Osteogenic lineage cells are key regulators of bone remodeling. Osteogenic cell death, as observed in experimental periodontitis models, disrupts the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, whether the osteogenic lineage undergoes ferroptosis during periodontitis and the corresponding effect on periodontitis progression remain elusive. Here, we investigated cell-specific ferroptosis within the alveolar bone in a murine periodontitis model. Through immunofluorescence double staining and immunohistochemistry, we identified ferroptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts in inflammatory alveolar bone. Next, in vivo administration of erastin or liproxstatin-1 was conducted to either induce or inhibit ferroptosis, respectively. Severe bone resorption and inflammation, accompanied by increased osteoclast formation and impaired osteogenic potential were detected following ferroptosis activation. Subsequently, we carried out in vitro experiments on osteocytes and further verified that ferroptosis enhanced the osteocytic expression of RANKL and IL-6. These findings suggest that ferroptosis occurring within the osteogenic lineage acts as a catalyst in the progression of periodontitis by stimulating osteoclastogenesis through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting osteoblastic function, providing insights into ferroptosis-induced alterations in microenvironment-based intercellular communication. Ferroptosis is a promising target for controlling inflammation and preventing bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Sihui Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Rongcheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Chenxi Liao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Zhili Dong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Chengyao Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China
| | - Vicky Yau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Liping Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
| | - Weimin Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, PR China.
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Weiss MB, Syed SA, Whiteson HZ, Hirani R, Etienne M, Tiwari RK. Navigating Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:561. [PMID: 38792583 PMCID: PMC11122478 DOI: 10.3390/life14050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoporosis (PTO) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, characterized by demineralization and decreased skeletal integrity following severe traumatic injuries. This literature review manuscript addresses the knowledge gaps surrounding PTO, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions. This review emphasizes the complexity of the etiology of PTO, highlighting the dysregulation of biomineralization processes, inflammatory cytokine involvement, hormonal imbalances, glucocorticoid effects, vitamin D deficiency, and disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, it underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for risk mitigation and advocates for improved diagnostic strategies to differentiate PTO from other musculoskeletal pathologies. This manuscript discusses various treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical rehabilitation, while also acknowledging the limited evidence on their long-term effectiveness and outcomes in PTO patients. Future directions in research are outlined, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PTO and the evaluation of treatment strategies' efficacy. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PTO and highlights avenues for future investigation to enhance clinical management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Weiss
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Shoaib A. Syed
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Harris Z. Whiteson
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Rahim Hirani
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mill Etienne
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Raj K. Tiwari
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Tang L, Xu H, Wu T, Wu W, Lu Y, Gu J, Wang X, Zhou M, Chen Q, Sun X, Cai H. Advances in tumor microenvironment and underlying molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer: a systematic review. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:111. [PMID: 38602556 PMCID: PMC11009183 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most frequent malignant tumors of the urinary system. The prevalence of bladder cancer among men and women is roughly 5:2, and both its incidence and death have been rising steadily over the past few years. At the moment, metastasis and recurrence of advanced bladder cancer-which are believed to be connected to the malfunction of multigene and multilevel cell signaling network-remain the leading causes of bladder cancer-related death. The therapeutic treatment of bladder cancer will be greatly aided by the elucidation of these mechanisms. New concepts for the treatment of bladder cancer have been made possible by the advancement of research technologies and a number of new treatment options, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy. In this paper, we will extensively review the development of the tumor microenvironment and the possible molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Medical University The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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9
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Abouelenien SS, Shaker OG, Morsy DA. Cytokine expression of IL-8 before and after root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis: A clinical trial. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:15-23. [PMID: 37818971 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study's objective was to compare the cytokine expression of IL-8 in periapical tissues of single-rooted teeth with symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) before and after root canal treatments. As well as, comparing IL-8 levels in peri-apical tissues between vital and necrotic teeth with SAP. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six patients were allocated according to their pulp status into two experimental groups (n = 18) receiving the same treatment protocol; group 1: Vital pulps with SAP, and group 2: non-vital pulps with SAP. Conventional endodontic treatment was done on two visits; isolation and disinfection of the operative field were undertaken, and two-stage access cavity preparation was implemented. The first pre-instrumentation peri-apical sample (S1) was collected prior to cleaning and shaping procedures. A 2.5% NaOCl irrigation was used to thoroughly irrigate the canal after performing root canal preparation utilising the ProTaper Next (PTN) rotary system. After 1 week, the second post-instrumentation peri-apical sample (S2) was collected. Using an ELISA kit, the quantity of IL-8 was evaluated following the collection of all samples. RESULTS In all pre-instrumentation samples, IL-8 was detected (100%). The level of IL-8 expression was significantly decreased from the S1 to S2 of all samples (p < 0.001). The intra-group comparison showed a statistically significant reduction in the level of IL-8 expression between S1 and S2 in both vital and non-vital groups where p < 0.001* in both groups. The inter-group comparison of levels of IL-8 expression (vital and non-vital) revealed a significant difference between both groups regarding the pretreatment sample with the higher levels of IL-8 shown in the non-vital group (p < 0.001). While in the post-treatment sample, both groups showed a significant reduction in the level of IL-8 expression but the difference between them was not statistically significant (p = 0.226). CONCLUSION Root canal instrumentation seems to be efficient in decreasing the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-8. Further research should clarify how intra-canal medicaments affect inflammatory mediator levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Ahmed Morsy
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Heikkinen J, Tanner T, Bergmann U, Palosaari S, Lehenkari P. Cigarette smoke and nicotine effect on human mesenchymal stromal cell wound healing and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-54. [PMID: 38496254 PMCID: PMC10943629 DOI: 10.18332/tid/185281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in promoting tissue regeneration and healing, particularly in bone tissue. Both smoking and nicotine use are known to delay and inhibit the healing process in patients. This study aims at delineating these cellular effects by comparing the impact of nicotine alone to cigarette smoke with equivalent nicotine content, and shedding light on potential differences in the healing process. METHODS We examined how cigarette smoke and nicotine affect the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human patient-derived MSCs in vitro, as well as the secretion of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. We measured nicotine concentration of the cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to clarify the role of the nicotine in the effect of the cigarette smoke. RESULTS MSCs exposed to nicotine-concentration-standardized CSE exhibited impaired wound healing capability, and at high concentrations, increased cell death. At lower concentrations, CSE dose-dependently impaired migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, and increased IL-8 secretion. Nicotine impaired proliferation and decreased PINP secretion. While there was a trend for elevated IL-6 levels by nicotine in undifferentiated MSCs, these changes were not statistically significant. Exposure of MSCs to equivalent concentrations of nicotine consistently elicited stronger responses by CSE and had a more pronounced effect on all studied parameters. Our results suggest that the direct effect of cigarette smoke on MSCs contributes to impaired MSC function, that adds to the nicotine effects. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoke extract reduced the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in MSCs in vitro, while nicotine alone reduced proliferation. Cigarette smoke impairs the osteogenic and regenerative ability of MSCs in a direct cytotoxic manner. Cytotoxic effect of nicotine alone impairs regenerative ability of MSCs, but it only partly explains cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. Direct effect of cigarette smoke, and partly nicotine, on MSCs could contribute to the smoking-related negative impact on long-term bone health, especially in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Tanner
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Dental Training Clinic, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Proteomics and Protein Analysis, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Palosaari
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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11
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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12
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Tesfaye RA, Lavaud M, Charrier C, Brounais-Le Royer B, Cartron PF, Verrecchia F, Baud'huin M, Lamoureux F, Georges S, Ory B. Tracking Targets of Dynamic Super-Enhancers in Vitro to Better Characterize Osteoclastogenesis and to Evaluate the Effect of Diuron on the Maturation of Human Bone Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:67007. [PMID: 37307168 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are major actors in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. The full functional maturation of osteoclasts from monocyte lineage cells is essential for the degradation of old/damaged bone matrix. Diuron is one of the most frequently encountered herbicides, particularly in water sources. However, despite a reported delayed ossification in vivo, its impact on bone cells remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to first better characterize osteoclastogenesis by identifying genes that drive the differentiation of CD14+ monocyte progenitors into osteoclasts and to evaluate the toxicity of diuron on osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. METHODS We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) against H3K27ac followed by ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) at different stages of differentiation of CD14+ monocytes into active osteoclasts. Differentially activated super-enhancers and their potential target genes were identified. Then to evaluate the toxicity of diuron on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, we performed RNA-Seq and functional tests during in vitro osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation by exposing cells to different concentrations of diuron. RESULTS The combinatorial study of the epigenetic and transcriptional remodeling taking place during differentiation has revealed a very dynamic epigenetic profile that supports the expression of genes vital for osteoclast differentiation and function. In total, we identified 122 genes induced by dynamic super-enhancers at late days. Our data suggest that high concentration of diuron (50μM) affects viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro associated with a decrease of bone mineralization. At a lower concentration (1μM), an inhibitory effect was observed in vitro on the number of osteoclasts derived from CD14+ monocytes without affecting cell viability. Among the diuron-affected genes, our analysis suggests a significant enrichment of genes targeted by pro-differentiation super-enhancers, with an odds ratio of 5.12 (ρ=2.59×10-5). DISCUSSION Exposure to high concentrations of diuron decreased the viability of MSCs and could therefore affect osteoblastic differentiation and bone mineralization. This pesticide also disrupted osteoclasts maturation by impairing the expression of cell-identity determining genes. Indeed, at sublethal concentrations, differences in the expression of these key genes were mild during the course of in vitro osteoclast differentiation. Taken together our results suggest that high exposure levels of diuron could have an effect on bone homeostasis. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel A Tesfaye
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Melanie Lavaud
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Charrier
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | | | - Pierre-François Cartron
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - François Lamoureux
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Georges
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- CRCI2NA, INSERM UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Nantes University and Angers University, Nantes, France
- Cancéropole Grand-Ouest, réseau Epigénétique, Nantes, France
- EpiSAVMEN, Epigenetic consortium Pays de la Loire, France
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Sharma MK, Regmi P, Applegate T, Chai L, Kim WK. Osteoimmunology: A Link between Gastrointestinal Diseases and Skeletal Health in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1816. [PMID: 37889704 PMCID: PMC10251908 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone serves as a multifunctional organ in avian species, giving structural integrity to the body, aiding locomotion and flight, regulating mineral homeostasis, and supplementing calcium for eggshell formation. Furthermore, immune cells originate and reside in the bone marrow, sharing a milieu with bone cells, indicating a potential interaction in functions. In avian species, the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases can alter the growth and the immune response, which costs a great fortune to the poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis can dramatically reduce bone quality as well. However, possible mechanisms on how bone quality is influenced by these disease conditions have not yet been completely understood, other than the reduced feed intake. On the other hand, several mediators of the immune response, such as chemokines and cytokines, play a vital role in the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption and osteoblasts for bone formation. In the case of Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens coinfection, these mediators are upregulated. One possible mechanism for accelerated bone loss after gastrointestinal illnesses might be immune-mediated osteoclastogenesis via cytokines-RANKL-mediated pathways. This review article thus focuses on osteoimmunological pathways and the interaction between host immune responses and bone biology in gastrointestinal diseases like coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis affecting skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.K.S.); (P.R.); (T.A.); (L.C.)
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14
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O'Neil LJ, Oliveira CB, Wang X, Navarrete M, Barrera-Vargas A, Merayo-Chalico J, Aljahdali R, Aguirre-Aguilar E, Carlucci P, Kaplan MJ, Carmona-Rivera C. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated carbamylation and histones trigger osteoclast formation in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:630-638. [PMID: 36737106 PMCID: PMC11302494 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutrophil infiltration into the synovial joint is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a disease characterised by progressive bone erosion. However, the mechanisms by which neutrophils participate in bone destruction remain unclear. Carbamylation is a posttranslational modification linked to increased bone erosion in RA and we previously showed that carbamylation is present in RA neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, it remains unclear whether NETs and their carbamylated protein cargo directly promote bone destruction and alter osteoclast biology. METHODS NETs and carbamylated NETs (cNETs) were assessed for their capacity to induce osteoclast formation in CD14+ monocytes. Chemical inhibitors and neutralising antibodies were used to elucidate the pathway by which NETs induce osteoclastogenesis. HLA-DRB1*04:01 mice received intra-articular injection of cNETs for 4 weeks. Joints were isolated and assessed for osteoclast formation. Plasma and synovial fluid samples from patients with RA (n=32) were assessed for the presence of carbamylated histone, and correlations to disease specific outcomes were performed. RESULTS We found that NETs, when cNETs, instruct monocytes to undergo rapid osteoclast formation. NET-mediated osteoclastogenesis appears to depend on Toll-like receptor 4 signalling and NET-associated proteins including histones and neutrophil elastase. In vivo, we identified that the number of osteoclasts increased following immunisation with cNETs in HLA-DRB1*04:01 transgenic mice. Furthermore, carbamylated histones are increased in plasma and synovial fluid from patients with RA and correlate with active bone resorption and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NETs have a direct role in RA-associated bone erosion by promoting osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J O'Neil
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher B Oliveira
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinghao Wang
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Navarrete
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ana Barrera-Vargas
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y de la Nutricion, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Merayo-Chalico
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y de la Nutricion, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rwan Aljahdali
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eduardo Aguirre-Aguilar
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y de la Nutricion, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Philip Carlucci
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Łabędź W, Przybyla A, Zimna A, Dąbrowski M, Kubaszewski Ł. The Role of Cytokines in the Metastasis of Solid Tumors to the Spine: Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043785. [PMID: 36835198 PMCID: PMC9962202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the role of cytokines in bone metastases, our knowledge of their function in spine metastasis is limited. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to map the available evidence on the involvement of cytokines in spine metastasis in solid tumors. A PubMed search identified 211 articles demonstrating a functional link between cytokines/cytokine receptors and bone metastases, including six articles confirming the role of cytokines/cytokine receptors in spine metastases. A total of 68 cytokines/cytokine receptors were identified to mediate bone metastases; 9 (mostly chemokines) played a role in spine metastases: CXC motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 5, CXCL12, CXC motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4, CXCR6, interleukin (IL) 10 in prostate cancer, CX3C motif chemokine ligand (CX3CL) 1 and CX3C motif chemokine receptor (CX3CR) 1 in liver cancer, CC motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 in breast cancer, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β in skin cancer. Except for CXCR6, all cytokines/cytokine receptors were shown to operate in the spine, with CX3CL1, CX3CR1, IL10, CCL2, CXCL12, and CXCR4 mediating bone marrow colonization, CXCL5 and TGFβ promoting tumor cell proliferation, and TGFβ additionally driving bone remodeling. The number of cytokines/cytokine receptors confirmed to mediate spinal metastasis is low compared with the vast spectrum of cytokines/cytokine receptors participating in other parts of the skeleton. Therefore, further research is needed, including validation of the role of cytokines mediating metastases to other bones, to precisely address the unmet clinical need associated with spine metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łabędź
- Adult Spine Orthopaedics Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.Ł.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Przybyla
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Dąbrowski
- Adult Spine Orthopaedics Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.Ł.); (M.D.)
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Adult Spine Orthopaedics Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
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16
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Gremese E, Tolusso B, Bruno D, Perniola S, Ferraccioli G, Alivernini S. The forgotten key players in rheumatoid arthritis: IL-8 and IL-17 - Unmet needs and therapeutic perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:956127. [PMID: 37035302 PMCID: PMC10073515 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.956127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the relevant advances in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms regulating inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the development of effective therapeutics, to date, there is still a proportion of patients with RA who do not respond to treatment and end up progressing toward the development of joint damage, extra-articular complications, and disability. This is mainly due to the inter-individual heterogeneity of the molecular and cellular taxonomy of the synovial membrane, which represents the target tissue of RA inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are crucial key players in RA pathogenesis fueling the inflammatory cascade, as supported by experimental evidence derived from in vivo animal models and the effectiveness of biologic-Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (b-DMARDs) in patients with RA. However, additional inflammatory soluble mediators such as IL-8 and IL-17 exert their pathogenetic actions promoting the detrimental activation of immune and stromal cells in RA synovial membrane, tendons, and extra-articular sites, as well as blood vessels and lungs, causing extra-articular complications, which might be excluded by the action of anti-TNFα and anti-IL6R targeted therapies. In this narrative review, we will discuss the role of IL-8 and IL-17 in promoting inflammation in multiple biological compartments (i.e., synovial membrane, blood vessels, and lung, respectively) in animal models of arthritis and patients with RA and how their selective targeting could improve the management of treatment resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gremese
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elisa Gremese, Gianfranco Ferraccioli
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Immunology Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Bruno
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Perniola
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elisa Gremese, Gianfranco Ferraccioli
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Immunology Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Johnson CS, Cook LM. Osteoid cell-derived chemokines drive bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100585. [PMID: 37025604 PMCID: PMC10070788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in improving prostate cancer (PCa) survival is in designing new therapies to effectively target bone metastases. PCa regulation of the bone environment has been well characterized; however, bone-targeted therapies have little impact on patient survival, demonstrating a need for understanding the complexities of the tumor-bone environment. Many factors contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for prostate tumors in bone, including cell signaling proteins produced by osteoid cells. Specifically, there has been extensive evidence from both past and recent studies that emphasize the importance of chemokine signaling in promoting PCa progression in the bone environment. Chemokine-focused strategies present promising therapeutic options for treating bone metastasis. These signaling pathways are complex, with many being produced by (and exerting effects on) a plethora of different cell types, including stromal and tumor cells of the prostate tumor-bone microenvironment. This review highlights an underappreciated molecular family that should be interrogated for treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Leah M. Cook,
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18
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Zhang X, Xue T, Hu Z, Guo X, Li G, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu L, Cao X, Zhang S, Shi F, Wang K. Bioinformatic analysis of the RNA expression patterns in microgravity-induced bone loss. Front Genet 2022; 13:985025. [PMID: 36425065 PMCID: PMC9681495 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.985025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers have linked microgravity in space to the significant imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption that induces persistent bone loss in load-bearing bones. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear, which hinders the development of therapeutic measures. The aim of this study was to identify hub genes and explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced bone loss using transcriptome datasets obtained from the GEO and SRA databases. In summary, comparative RNA expression pattern studies that differ in species (Homo or Mus), models (in vitro or in vivo), microgravity conditions (real microgravity or ground-based simulators) and microgravity duration showed that it is difficult to reach a consistent conclusion about the pathogenesis of microgravity-induced bone loss across these studies. Even so, we identified 11 hub genes and some miRNA-mRNA interactions mainly based on the GSE100930 dataset. Also, the expression of CCL2, ICAM1, IGF1, miR-101-3p and miR-451a markedly changed under clinorotation-microgravity condition. Remarkedly, ICAM1 and miR-451a were key mediators of the osteogenesis of hMSCs under clinorotation-microgravity condition. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of bone loss during microgravity and could indicate potential targets for further countermeasures against this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Zhou P, Zheng T, Zhao B. Cytokine-mediated immunomodulation of osteoclastogenesis. Bone 2022; 164:116540. [PMID: 36031187 PMCID: PMC10657632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are an important set of proteins regulating bone homeostasis. In inflammation induced bone resorption, cytokines, such as RANKL, TNF-α, M-CSF, are indispensable for the differentiation and activation of resorption-driving osteoclasts, the process we know as osteoclastogenesis. On the other hand, immune system produces a number of regulatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFNs, and limits excessive activation of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss during inflammation. These unique properties make cytokines powerful targets as rheostat to maintain bone homeostasis and for potential immunotherapies of inflammatory bone diseases. In this review, we summarize recent advances in cytokine-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis and provide insights of potential translational impact of bench-side research into clinical treatment of bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Ting Zheng
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Umrath F, Pfeifer A, Cen W, Danalache M, Reinert S, Alexander D, Naros A. How osteogenic is dexamethasone?—effect of the corticosteroid on the osteogenesis, extracellular matrix, and secretion of osteoclastogenic factors of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953516. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (dexa) is commonly used to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. However, it is paradoxical that glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexa lead to bone loss and increased fracture risk in patients undergoing glucocorticoid therapy, causing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). In a recent publication, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells isolated from jaw periosteal tissue (JPCs) does not depend on dexa, if the medium is supplemented with human platelet lysate (hPL) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). This allows the in vitro conditions to be much closer to the natural situation in vivo and enables us to compare osteogenic differentiation with and without dexa. In the present study, we demonstrate that the absence of dexa did not reduce mineralization capacity, but instead slightly improved the osteogenic differentiation of jaw periosteal cells. On the other hand, we show that dexa supplementation strongly alters the gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cellular communication of jaw periosteal cells. The secretome of periosteal cells previously treated with an osteogenic medium with and without dexa was used to investigate the changes in paracrine secretion caused by dexa. Dexa altered the secretion of several cytokines by jaw periosteal cells and strongly induced osteoclast differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study demonstrates how dexa supplementation can influence the outcome of in vitro studies and highlights a possible role of periosteal cells in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The methods used here can serve as a model for studying bone formation, fracture healing, and various pathological conditions such as (glucocorticoid-induced) osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone cancer, and others, in which the interactions of osteoblasts with surrounding cells play a key role.
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Sapra L, Saini C, Garg B, Gupta R, Verma B, Mishra PK, Srivastava RK. Long-term implications of COVID-19 on bone health: pathophysiology and therapeutics. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1025-1040. [PMID: 35900380 PMCID: PMC9330992 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious respiratory virus associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Discoveries in the field revealed that inflammatory conditions exert a negative impact on bone metabolism; however, only limited studies reported the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on skeletal homeostasis. Inflammatory immune cells (T helper-Th17 cells and macrophages) and their signature cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the major contributors to the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 disease. Our group along with others has proven that an enhanced population of both inflammatory innate (Dendritic cells-DCs, macrophages, etc.) and adaptive (Th1, Th17, etc.) immune cells, along with their signature cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, etc.), are associated with various inflammatory bone loss conditions. Moreover, several pieces of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infects various organs of the body via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors including bone cells (osteoblasts-OBs and osteoclasts-OCs). This evidence thus clearly highlights both the direct and indirect impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the physiological bone remodeling process. Moreover, data from the previous SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002-2004 revealed the long-term negative impact (decreased bone mineral density-BMDs) of these infections on bone health. METHODOLOGY We used the keywords "immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2," "SARS-CoV-2 and bone cells," "factors influencing bone health and COVID-19," "GUT microbiota," and "COVID-19 and Bone health" to integrate the topics for making this review article by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. CONCLUSION Current evidence and reports indicate the direct relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone health and thus warrant future research in this field. It would be imperative to assess the post-COVID-19 fracture risk of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals by simultaneously monitoring them for bone metabolism/biochemical markers. Importantly, several emerging research suggest that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota-GM (established role in inflammatory bone loss conditions) is further involved in the severity of COVID-19 disease. In the present review, we thus also highlight the importance of dietary interventions including probiotics (modulating dysbiotic GM) as an adjunct therapeutic alternative in the treatment and management of long-term consequences of COVID-19 on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Sapra
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology and Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Chaman Saini
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology and Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bhavuk Garg
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bhupendra Verma
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology and Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | | | - Rupesh K Srivastava
- Translational Immunology, Osteoimmunology and Immunoporosis Lab (TIOIL), Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
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22
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Schröder M, Reseland JE, Haugen HJ. Osteoblasts in a Perfusion Flow Bioreactor—Tissue Engineered Constructs of TiO2 Scaffolds and Cells for Improved Clinical Performance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131995. [PMID: 35805079 PMCID: PMC9265932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining biomaterial scaffolds with cells serves as a promising strategy for engineering critical size defects; however, homogenous cellular growth within large scaffolds is challenging. Mechanical stimuli can enhance bone regeneration by modulating cellular growth and differentiation. Here, we compare dynamic seeding in a perfusion flow bioreactor with static seeding for a synthetic bone scaffold for up to 21 days using the cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary human osteoblast, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The secretion of bone-related proteins was quantified using multiplex immunoassays. Dynamic culture improved cellular distribution through the TiO2 scaffold and induced a five-fold increase in cell number after 21 days. The relative mRNA expression of osteopontin of MC3T3-E1 was 40-fold enhanced after 7 and 21 days at a flow rate of 0.08 mL/min, and that of collagen type I alpha I expression was 18-fold after 21 days. A flow rate of 0.16 mL/min was 10-fold less effective. Dynamic culture increased the levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (60-fold), osteoprotegrin (29-fold), interleukin-6 (23-fold), interleukin-8 (36-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (28-fold) and vascular endothelial growth factor (6-fold) in the medium of primary human osteoblasts after 21 days compared to static seeding. The proposed method may have clinical potential for bone tissue engineering.
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23
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Olali AZ, Carpenter KA, Myers M, Sharma A, Yin MT, Al-Harthi L, Ross RD. Bone Quality in Relation to HIV and Antiretroviral Drugs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:312-327. [PMID: 35726043 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-022-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People living with HIV (PLWH) are at an increased risk for osteoporosis, a disease defined by the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone quality, both of which independently contribute to an increased risk of skeletal fractures. While there is an emerging body of literature focusing on the factors that contribute to BMD loss in PLWH, the contribution of these factors to bone quality changes are less understood. The current review summarizes and critically reviews the data describing the effects of HIV, HIV disease-related factors, and antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) on bone quality. RECENT FINDINGS The increased availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography has confirmed that both HIV infection and ARVs negatively affect bone architecture. There is considerably less data on their effects on bone remodeling or the composition of bone matrix. Whether changes in bone quality independently predict fracture risk, as seen in HIV-uninfected populations, is largely unknown. The available data suggests that bone quality deterioration occurs in PLWH. Future studies are needed to define which factors, viral or ARVs, contribute to loss of bone quality and which bone quality factors are most associated with increased fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Z Olali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Myers
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael T Yin
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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24
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Preliminary Report: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fluid Increased Osteoclastogenesis In Vitro by Monocyte Differentiation Pathway Regulating Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:2606916. [PMID: 35693109 PMCID: PMC9175097 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2606916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common joint diseases associated with changes in local, as well as systemic bone structure and osteoclast function. We investigated how the different soluble inflammatory stimuli in these diseases can affect osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro. Methods. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived osteoclasts were cultured on bone slices with serum from treatment-naïve RA patients and healthy controls and with synovial fluid samples acquired from RA and OA patients. The concentrations of 29 different cytokines and related proteins, including RANKL and OPG, were analyzed in the fluids tested. Results. RA serum and synovial fluid increased both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis and activity increased more in the cultures containing OA than RA synovial fluid. The osteoclasts cultured in different culture media exhibited different phenotypes, especially the cells cultured with OA synovial fluid were generally larger and had more nuclei. A general increase in proinflammatory cytokines in RA synovial fluid and serum was found. Surprisingly, OA synovial fluid showed lower levels of osteoclastogenesis inhibiting cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, than RA synovial fluid, which at least partly explains more pronounced osteoclastogenesis. No significant difference was found in RANKL or OPG levels. Conclusion. The proinflammatory stimulus in OA and RA drives the monocyte differentiation towards inflammatory osteoclastogenesis and altered osteoclast phenotype.
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25
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EZH2 engages TGFβ signaling to promote breast cancer bone metastasis via integrin β1-FAK activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2543. [PMID: 35538070 PMCID: PMC9091212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases occur in 50-70% of patients with late-stage breast cancers and effective therapies are needed. The expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is correlated with breast cancer metastasis, but its function in bone metastasis hasn't been well-explored. Here we report that EZH2 promotes osteolytic metastasis of breast cancer through regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. EZH2 induces cancer cell proliferation and osteoclast maturation, whereas EZH2 knockdown decreases bone metastasis incidence and outgrowth in vivo. Mechanistically, EZH2 transcriptionally increases ITGB1, which encodes for integrin β1. Integrin β1 activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which phosphorylates TGFβ receptor type I (TGFβRI) at tyrosine 182 to enhance its binding to TGFβ receptor type II (TGFβRII), thereby activating TGFβ signaling. Clinically applicable FAK inhibitors but not EZH2 methyltransferase inhibitors effectively inhibit breast cancer bone metastasis in vivo. Overall, we find that the EZH2-integrin β1-FAK axis cooperates with the TGFβ signaling pathway to promote bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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26
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Shiezadeh F, Azami N, Arab HR, Rezaee SAR, Moeintaghavi A, Banihashemrad A. Evaluation of Neutrophilic Receptors; CXCL8 and CXCR2 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Compared to Healthy Subjects by Real Time PCR Method. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2202241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of CXCL8 and its receptor (CXCR2) in gingival tissue neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy subjects using Real Time PCR method.
Methods:
The test group consisted of 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and the control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals. In both groups, gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery.CXCL8 and CXCR2 RNA in tissue samples were examined by PCR method, and then the levels of genes expression were measured. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis.
Results:
CXCL8 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.028). CXCR2 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.043). In both test and control groups, there was a negative correlation between CXCL8 and CXCR2 gene expression. This correlation was statistically significant in the test group (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation in the control group (p=0.431).
Conclusion:
The results of this present study suggested that the level of gene expression for CXCL8 was greater in patients with chronic periodontitis and CXCR2 was greater in healthy individuals. Although in people with chronic periodontitis, CXCR2 decreases slightly as CXCL8 levels increase.
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The Influence of Nesfatin-1 on Bone Metabolism Markers Concentration, Densitometric, Tomographic and Mechanical Parameters of Skeletal System of Rats in the Conditions of Established Osteopenia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050654. [PMID: 35268222 PMCID: PMC8909152 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine with little known effect on the skeletal system. In this study, we examined the effect of 8-wk administration of nesfatin-1 on densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of bones, as well as the concentration of bone metabolism markers in rats with experimentally induced established osteopenia. Abstract Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of nesfatin-1 administration on bone metabolism and properties in established osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 21 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated (SHAM, n = 7) and ovariectomized (OVA, n = 14). After 12 weeks of osteopenia induction in the OVA females, the animals were given i.p. physiological saline (OVA, n = 7) or 2 µg/kg body weight of nesfatin-1(NES, n = 7) for the next 8 weeks. The SHAM animals received physiological saline at the same time. Final body weight, total bone mineral density and content of the skeleton were estimated. Then, isolated femora and tibias were subjected to densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical tests. Bone metabolism markers, i.e., osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and crosslinked N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were determined in serum using an ELISA kit. Ovariectomy led to negative changes in bone metabolism associated with increased resorption, thus diminishing the densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters. In turn, the administration of nesfatin-1 led to an increase in the value of the majority of the tested parameters of bones. The lowest bALP concentration and the highest NTx concentration were found in the OVA females. The bALP concentration was significantly higher after nesfatin-1 administration in comparison to the OVA rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss, preserves bone architecture, and increases bone strength in condition of established osteopenia.
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Srivastava RK, Sapra L. The Rising Era of “Immunoporosis”: Role of Immune System in the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1667-1698. [PMID: 35282271 PMCID: PMC8906861 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s351918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries in the last few years have emphasized the existence of an enormous breadth of communication between bone and the immune system in maintaining skeletal homeostasis. Originally, the discovery of various factors was assigned to the immune system viz. interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), etc., but now these factors have also been shown to have a significant impact on osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) biology. These discoveries led to an alteration in the approach for the treatment of several bone pathologies including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is an inflammatory bone anomaly affecting more than 500 million people globally. In 2018, to highlight the importance of the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, our group coined the term “immunoporosis”. In the present review, we exhaustively revisit the characteristics, mechanism of action, and function of both innate and adaptive immune cells with the goal of understanding the potential of immune cells in osteoporosis. We also highlight the Immunoporotic role of gut microbiota (GM) for the treatment and management of osteoporosis. Importantly, we further discuss whether an immune cell-based strategy to treat and manage osteoporosis is feasible and relevant in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh K Srivastava
- Immunoporosis Lab, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
- Correspondence: Rupesh K Srivastava, Tel +91 11-26593548, Email ;
| | - Leena Sapra
- Immunoporosis Lab, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
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29
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Tominari T, Akita M, Matsumoto C, Hirata M, Yoshinouchi S, Tanaka Y, Karouji K, Itoh Y, Maruyama T, Miyaura C, Numabe Y, Inada M. Endosomal TLR3 signaling in stromal osteoblasts induces prostaglandin E 2-mediated inflammatory periodontal bone resorption. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101603. [PMID: 35101442 PMCID: PMC8892075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that play a critical role in innate immune diseases. TLR3, which is localized in the endosomal compartments of hematopoietic immune cells, is able to recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived from viruses and bacteria and thereby induce innate immune responses. Inflammatory periodontal bone resorption is caused by bacterial infections, which initially is regulated by innate immunity; however, the roles of TLR3 signaling in bone resorption are still not known. We examined the roles of TLR3 signaling in bone resorption using poly(I:C), a synthetic dsRNA analog. In cocultures of mouse bone marrow cells and stromal osteoblasts, poly(I:C) clearly induced osteoclast differentiation. In osteoblasts, poly(I:C) increased PGE2 production and upregulated the mRNA expression of PGE2-related genes, Ptgs2 and Ptges, as well as that of a gene related to osteoclast differentiation, Tnfsf11. In addition, we found that indomethacin (a COX-2 inhibitor) or an antagonist of the PGE2 receptor EP4 attenuated the poly(I:C)-induced PGE2 production and subsequent Tnfsf11 expression. Poly(I:C) also prolonged the survival of the mature osteoclasts associated with the increased mRNA expression of osteoclast marker genes, Nfatc1 and Ctsk. In ex vivo organ cultures of periodontal alveolar bone, poly(I:C) induced bone-resorbing activity in a dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated by the simultaneous administration of either indomethacin or an EP4 antagonist. These data suggest that TLR3 signaling in osteoblasts controls PGE2 production and induces the subsequent differentiation and survival of mature osteoclasts. Endogenous TLR3 in stromal osteoblasts and osteoclasts synergistically induces inflammatory alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Akita
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shosei Yoshinouchi
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Karouji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.
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MicroRNAs: Emerging Regulators of Metastatic Bone Disease in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030729. [PMID: 35158995 PMCID: PMC8833828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a frequent complication in patients with advanced breast cancer. Once in the bone, cancer cells disrupt the tightly regulated cellular balance within the bone microenvironment, leading to excessive bone destruction and further tumor growth. Physiological and pathological interactions in the bone marrow are mediated by cell-cell contacts and secreted molecules that include soluble proteins as well as RNA molecules. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally interfere with their target messenger RNA (mRNA) and subsequently reduce protein abundance. Since their discovery, miRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of physiological and pathological processes, including breast cancer and associated metastatic bone disease. Depending on their targets, miRNAs can exhibit pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic functions and serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These properties have encouraged pre-clinical and clinical development programs to investigate miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in various diseases, including metastatic cancers. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in metastatic bone disease with a focus on breast cancer and the bone microenvironment and elaborate on their potential use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in metastatic bone disease and beyond.
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31
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Fuchigami T, Ono Y, Kishida S, Nakamura N. Molecular biological findings of ameloblastoma. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:27-32. [PMID: 33737992 PMCID: PMC7946346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is benign odontogenic tumours that mainly occur in the jawbone. This tumour induces aggressive invasion into the surrounding bone and has a high recurrence rate after surgery. Therefore, mandibular resection is performed in many patients with this tumour, causing aesthetic and functional problems. It is necessary to develop a novel treatment strategy for ameloblastoma, but there are currently no innovative treatments. Although our understanding of the molecular biological mechanisms of ameloblastoma is still insufficient, there have been many recent reports of new molecular biological findings on ameloblastoma. Therefore, bioactive factors that have potential for novel therapeutic methods, such as molecular targeted therapy, have been discovered in ameloblastoma. In this review, we summarize the molecular biological findings of ameloblastoma reported over several decades, focusing on factors involved in invasion into surrounding tissues and disease-specific gene mutations. We also mention the effect of the interaction between tumour cells and stromal components in ameloblastoma on tumour development. Scientific field of dental Science: Oral surgery, Odontogenic tumor, Ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Fuchigami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Field of Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan
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Allegra A, Di Gioacchino M, Tonacci A, Petrarca C, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Multiple Myeloma Cell-Derived Exosomes: Implications on Tumorigenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:2865. [PMID: 34831088 PMCID: PMC8616233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease that is still not curable. The bone marrow milieu, with cellular and non-cellular elements, participate in the creation of a pro-tumoral environment enhancing growth and survival of MM plasma cells. Exosomes are vesicles oscillating in dimension between 50 nm and 100 nm in size that can be released by various cells and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of MM. Exosomes enclose proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs able to regulate interactions between MM plasma cells and adjacent cells. Through exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells confer chemoresistance to MM cells, while myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, influence immune response, cause bone lesions, and have an impact on the outcome of MM patients. In this review, we analyze the role played by exosomes in the progression of monoclonal gammopathies and the effects on the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells, and discuss the possible employment of exosomes as potential targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Clinical Physiology Institute, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in the Treatment of Endodontic Periapical Lesions in Adult Patients: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101041. [PMID: 34681265 PMCID: PMC8539488 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrates have been widely used in regenerative medicine, including endodontics. The aim of this manuscript was to assess critically the efficacy of PRF in the treatment of endodontic periapical lesions in adult patients on the basis of the literature. The PICO approach was used to properly develop literature search strategies. The PubMed database was analyzed with the keywords: "((PRP) OR (PRF) OR (PRGF) OR (CGF)) AND (endodontic) AND ((treatment) OR (therapy))". After screening of 155 results, 14 articles were included in this review. Different types of platelet concentrates are able to stimulate the processes of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) releases growth factors for at least 7 days at the application site. Growth factors and released cytokines stimulate the activity of osteoblasts. Moreover, the release of growth factors accelerates tissue regeneration by increasing the migration of fibroblasts. It was not possible to assess the efficacy of PRF supplementation in the treatment of endodontic periapical lesions in permanent, mature teeth with closed apexes, due to the lack of well-designed scientific research. Further studies are needed to analyze the effect of PRF on the healing processes in the periapical region.
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Back J, Nguyen MN, Li L, Lee S, Lee I, Chen F, Gillinov L, Chung YH, Alder KD, Kwon HK, Yu KE, Dussik CM, Hao Z, Flores MJ, Kim Y, Ibe IK, Munger AM, Seo SW, Lee FY. Inflammatory conversion of quiescent osteoblasts by metastatic breast cancer cells through pERK1/2 aggravates cancer-induced bone destruction. Bone Res 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 34588427 PMCID: PMC8481290 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of bone homeostasis caused by metastatic osteolytic breast cancer cells increases inflammatory osteolysis and decreases bone formation, thereby predisposing patients to pathological fracture and cancer growth. Alteration of osteoblast function induces skeletal diseases due to the disruption of bone homeostasis. We observed increased activation of pERK1/2 in osteolytic breast cancer cells and osteoblasts in human pathological specimens with aggressive osteolytic breast cancer metastases. We confirmed that osteolytic breast cancers with high expression of pERK1/2 disrupt bone homeostasis via osteoblastic ERK1/2 activation at the bone-breast cancer interface. The process of inflammatory osteolysis modulates ERK1/2 activation in osteoblasts and breast cancer cells through dominant-negative MEK1 expression and constitutively active MEK1 expression to promote cancer growth within bone. Trametinib, an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor, not only reduced breast cancer-induced bone destruction but also dramatically reduced cancer growth in bone by inhibiting the inflammatory skeletal microenvironment. Taken together, these findings suggest that ERK1/2 activation in both breast cancer cells and osteoblasts is required for osteolytic breast cancer-induced inflammatory osteolysis and that ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors may represent a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with aggressive osteolytic breast cancers by altering the shared cancer and bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Back
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.444808.40000 0001 2037 434XResearch Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lu Li
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.415869.7Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saelim Lee
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Lee
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fancheng Chen
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.11841.3d0000 0004 0619 8943Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai City, China
| | - Lauren Gillinov
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Yeon-Ho Chung
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kareme D. Alder
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kristin E. Yu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Christopher M. Dussik
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Zichen Hao
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Department of Emergency & Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael J. Flores
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Yoseph Kim
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Izuchukwu K. Ibe
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Alana M. Munger
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sung Wook Seo
- grid.414964.a0000 0001 0640 5613Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Gangnam-gu Republic of Korea
| | - Francis Y. Lee
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Myeloproliferative Disorders and its Effect on Bone Homeostasis: The Role of Megakaryocytes. Blood 2021; 139:3127-3137. [PMID: 34428274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs) are a heterogeneous group of chronic hematological diseases that arise from the clonal expansion of abnormal hematopoietic stem cells, of which Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) have been extensively reviewed in context of clonal expansion, fibrosis and other phenotypes. Here, we review current knowledge on the influence of different forms of MPN on bone health. Studies implicated various degrees of effect of different forms of MPN on bone density, and on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, using murine models and human data. The majority of studies show that bone volume is generally increased in PMF patients, whereas it is slightly decreased or not altered in ET and PV patients, although possible differences between male and female phenotypes were not fully explored in most MPN forms. Osteosclerosis seen in PMF patients is a serious complication that can lead to bone marrow failure, and the loss of bone reported in some ET and PV patients can lead to osteoporotic fractures. Some MPN forms are associated with increased number of megakaryocytes (MKs), and several of the MK-associated factors in MPN are known to affect bone development. Here, we review known mechanisms involved in these processes, with focus on the role of MKs and secreted factors. Understanding MPN-associated changes in bone health could improve early intervention and treatment of this side effect of the pathology.
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Humbert P, Brennan MÁ, De Lima J, Brion R, Adrait A, Charrier C, Brulin B, Trichet V, Couté Y, Blanchard F, Layrolle P. Apoptotic mesenchymal stromal cells support osteoclastogenesis while inhibiting multinucleated giant cells formation in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12144. [PMID: 34108508 PMCID: PMC8190145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In bone regeneration induced by the combination of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and calcium-phosphate (CaP) materials, osteoclasts emerge as a pivotal cell linking inflammation and bone formation. Favorable outcomes are observed despite short-term engraftments of implanted MSCs, highlighting their major paracrine function and the possible implication of cell death in modulating their secretions. In this work, we focused on the communication from MSCs towards osteoclasts-like cells in vitro. MSCs seeded on a CaP biomaterial or undergoing induced apoptosis produced a conditioned media favoring the development of osteoclasts from human CD14+ monocytes. On the contrary, MSCs’ apoptotic secretion inhibited the development of inflammatory multinucleated giant cells formed after IL-4 stimulation. Components of MSCs’ secretome before and after apoptotic stress were compared using mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics and a complementary immunoassay for major cytokines. CXCR-1 and CXCR-2 ligands, primarily IL-8/CXCL-8 but also the growth-regulated proteins CXCL-1, -2 or -3, were suggested as the major players of MSCs’ pro-osteoclastic effect. These findings support the hypothesis that osteoclasts are key players in bone regeneration and suggest that apoptosis plays an important role in MSCs’ effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Humbert
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Meadhbh Á Brennan
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France.,Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, and Bioengineering Department, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Julien De Lima
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Brion
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Annie Adrait
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Céline Charrier
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Brulin
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Valérie Trichet
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, BGE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- UMR 1238, Phy-OS, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, School of Medicine, University of Nantes, INSERM, 44000, Nantes, France
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37
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Di Pompo G, Errani C, Gillies R, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T, Tamanti J, Baldini N, Avnet S. Acid-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines in Osteoblasts: A Guided Path to Osteolysis in Bone Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678532. [PMID: 34124067 PMCID: PMC8194084 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis (BM) is a dismal complication of cancer that frequently occurs in patients with advanced carcinomas and that often manifests as an osteolytic lesion. In bone, tumor cells promote an imbalance in bone remodeling via the release of growth factors that, directly or indirectly, stimulate osteoclast resorption activity. However, carcinoma cells are also characterized by an altered metabolism responsible for a decrease of extracellular pH, which, in turn, directly intensifies osteoclast bone erosion. Here, we speculated that tumor-derived acidosis causes the osteoblast–osteoclast uncoupling in BM by modulating the pro-osteoclastogenic phenotype of osteoblasts. According to our results, a low pH recruits osteoclast precursors and promotes their differentiation through the secretome of acid-stressed osteoblasts that includes pro-osteoclastogenic factors and inflammatory mediators, such as RANKL, M-CSF, TNF, IL-6, and, above the others, IL-8. The treatment with the anti-IL-6R antibody tocilizumab or with an anti-IL-8 antibody reverted this effect. Finally, in a series of BM patients, circulating levels of the osteolytic marker TRACP5b significantly correlated with IL-8. Our findings brought out that tumor-derived acidosis promotes excessive osteolysis at least in part by inducing an inflammatory phenotype in osteoblasts, and these results strengthen the use of anti-IL-6 or anti-IL-8 strategies to treat osteolysis in BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Costantino Errani
- Orthopaedic Oncology Surgical Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tamanti
- National Tumor Assistance (ANT) Foundation, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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38
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Göbel A, Dell’Endice S, Jaschke N, Pählig S, Shahid A, Hofbauer LC, Rachner TD. The Role of Inflammation in Breast and Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5078. [PMID: 34064859 PMCID: PMC8151893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis to bone is a common event in multiple forms of malignancy. Inflammation holds essential functions in homeostasis as a defense mechanism against infections and is a strategy to repair injured tissue and to adapt to stress conditions. However, exaggerated and/or persistent (chronic) inflammation may eventually become maladaptive and evoke diseases such as autoimmunity, diabetes, inflammatory tissue damage, fibrosis, and cancer. In fact, inflammation is now considered a hallmark of malignancy with prognostic relevance. Emerging studies have revealed a central involvement of inflammation in several steps of the metastatic cascade of bone-homing tumor cells through supporting their survival, migration, invasion, and growth. The mechanisms by which inflammation favors these steps involve activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemokine-mediated homing of tumor cells, local activation of osteoclastogenesis, and a positive feedback amplification of the protumorigenic inflammation loop between tumor and resident cells. In this review, we summarize established and evolving concepts of inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, with a special focus on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Dell’Endice
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Pählig
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
| | - Amna Shahid
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D. Rachner
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany; (S.D.); (N.J.); (S.P.); (A.S.); (L.C.H.); (T.D.R.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, 01159 Dresden, Germany
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Exploring the Biomaterial-Induced Secretome: Physical Bone Substitute Characteristics Influence the Cytokine Expression of Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094442. [PMID: 33923149 PMCID: PMC8123010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their chemical composition various physical properties of synthetic bone substitute materials have been shown to influence their regenerative potential and to influence the expression of cytokines produced by monocytes, the key cell-type responsible for tissue reaction to biomaterials in vivo. In the present study both the regenerative potential and the inflammatory response to five bone substitute materials all based on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), but which differed in their physical characteristics (i.e., granule size, granule shape and porosity) were analyzed for their effects on monocyte cytokine expression. To determine the effects of the physical characteristics of the different materials, the proliferation of primary human osteoblasts growing on the materials was analyzed. To determine the immunogenic effects of the different materials on human peripheral blood monocytes, cells cultured on the materials were evaluated for the expression of 14 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, VEGF, RANTES, IL-12p40, I-CAM, IL-4, V-CAM, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, Il-8 and MCP-1 using a Bio-Plex® Multiplex System. The granular shape of bone substitutes showed a significant influence on the osteoblast proliferation. Moreover, smaller pore sizes, round granular shape and larger granule size increased the expression of GM-CSF, RANTES, IL-10 and IL-12 by monocytes, while polygonal shape and the larger pore sizes increased the expression of V-CAM. The physical characteristics of a bone biomaterial can influence the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and has an influence on the cytokine gene expression of monocytes in vitro. These results indicate that the physical structure of a biomaterial has a significant effect of how cells interact with the material. Thus, specific characteristics of a material may strongly affect the regenerative potential in vivo.
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40
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Carnovali M, Valli R, Banfi G, Porta G, Mariotti M. Soybean Meal-Dependent Intestinal Inflammation Induces Different Patterns of Bone-Loss in Adult Zebrafish Scale. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040393. [PMID: 33917641 PMCID: PMC8067592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease have been linked to several health issues, including high risk of low bone mineral density. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a good model to verify the effects of intestinal inflammation, since its gastrointestinal and immune systems are closely related to that of mammalians. Zebrafish is also a powerful model to study bone metabolism using the scale as the read-out model. Food strongly impacts zebrafish gut physiology, and it is well known that soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation. Adult zebrafish fed with defatted soybean meal (SBM) exhibited an intestinal inflammation evidenced by morphological alterations, inflammatory infiltrate, and increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ, TNF-α). The peak of acute intestinal inflammation, spanning between week 2 and 3, correlates with a transitory osteoporosis-like phenotype in the scale border. Later, a chronic inflammatory condition, associated with persistent IL-8 expression, correlates with the progression of resorption lacunae in the scale center. Both types of resorption lacunae were associated with intense osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. After 3 weeks of SBM treatment, osteoclast activity decreased in the scale border but not in the center. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is activated in the border to repair the bone matrix. This model can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms that links intestinal inflammation and bone metabolism in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carnovali
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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41
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Yasuda T, Matsunaga K, Hashimura T, Tsukamoto Y, Sueyoshi T, Ota S, Fujita S, Onishi E. Bone turnover markers in the early stage of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip. Eur J Rheumatol 2021; 8:57-61. [PMID: 32910766 PMCID: PMC8133882 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous reports have demonstrated that patients with end-stage rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip (RPOH) show significantly higher serum levels of bone turnover markers than those with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the characteristics of bone turnover markers in the early stage of RPOH remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association of bone turnover markers with disease progression in the early stage of RPOH. METHODS This study included 29 postmenopausal female patients with joint space narrowing >2 mm demonstrated on a series of radiographs and computed tomography within 1 year following the onset of hip pain. The study also included 9 postmenopausal female patients with hip OA secondary to developmental dysplasia showing femoral head destruction. Cortical thickness index (CTI) associated with bone mineral density of the hip was analyzed. Serum concentrations of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were evaluated. RESULTS RPOH was classified into two types on the basis of the absence (type 1, n=13) or presence (type 2, n=16) of subsequent destruction of the femoral head within 1 year following disease onset. TRACP-5b and BAP significantly increased in RPOH type 2 compared with type 1 and OA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that TRACP-5b and BAP could differentiate RPOH type 2 from type 1 within 1 year following the onset. CTI showed no difference among the RPOH types 1 and 2 and OA. CONCLUSION High serum levels of bone turnover markers may be associated with destruction of the femoral head in the early stage of RPOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yasuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsunaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hashimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sueyoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eijiro Onishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Haider MT, Ridlmaier N, Smit DJ, Taipaleenmäki H. Interleukins as Mediators of the Tumor Cell-Bone Cell Crosstalk during the Initiation of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2898. [PMID: 33809315 PMCID: PMC7999500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced breast cancer are at high risk of developing bone metastasis. Despite treatment advances for primary breast cancer, metastatic bone disease remains incurable with a low relative survival. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are required to improve survival and treatment outcome for these patients. Bone is among the most frequent sites of metastasis in breast cancer. Once in the bone, disseminated tumor cells can acquire a dormant state and remain quiescent until they resume growth, resulting in overt metastasis. At this stage the disease is characterized by excessive, osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. Cells of the bone microenvironment including osteoclasts, osteoblasts and endothelial cells contribute to the initiation and progression of breast cancer bone metastasis. Direct cell-to-cell contact as well as soluble factors regulate the crosstalk between disseminated breast cancer cells and bone cells. In this complex signaling network interleukins (ILs) have been identified as key regulators since both, cancer cells and bone cells secrete ILs and express corresponding receptors. ILs regulate differentiation and function of bone cells, with several ILs being reported to act pro-osteoclastogenic. Consistently, the expression level of ILs (e.g., in serum) has been associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. In this review we discuss the role of the most extensively investigated ILs during the establishment of breast cancer bone metastasis and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets in preventing metastatic outgrowth in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Haider
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicole Ridlmaier
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
- Department of Life Sciences, IMC FH Krems University of Applied Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Daniel J. Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Molecular Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.-T.H.); (N.R.)
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Breast Cancer and Microcalcifications: An Osteoimmunological Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228613. [PMID: 33203195 PMCID: PMC7696282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of microcalcifications in the breast microenvironment, combined with the growing evidences of the possible presence of osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like cells in the breast, suggest the existence of active processes of calcification in the breast tissue during a woman’s life. Furthermore, much evidence that osteoimmunological disorders, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or periodontitis influence the risk of developing breast cancer in women exists and vice versa. Antiresorptive drugs benefits on breast cancer incidence and progression have been reported in the past decades. More recently, biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines used against rheumatoid arthritis also demonstrated benefits against breast cancer cell lines proliferation, viability, and migratory abilities, both in vitro and in vivo in xenografted mice. Hence, it is tempting to hypothesize that breast carcinogenesis should be considered as a potential osteoimmunological disorder. In this review, we compare microenvironments and molecular characteristics in the most frequent osteoimmunological disorders with major events occurring in a woman’s breast during her lifetime. We also highlight what the use of bone anabolic drugs, antiresorptive, and biological agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines against breast cancer can teach us.
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Brezulier D, Pellen-Mussi P, Tricot-Doleux S, Novella A, Sorel O, Jeanne S. Development of a 3D human osteoblast cell culture model for studying mechanobiology in orthodontics. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:387-395. [PMID: 32144430 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanobiology phenomena constitute a major element of the cellular and tissue response during orthodontic treatment and the implantation of a biomaterial. Better understanding these phenomena will improve the effectiveness of our treatments. The objective of this work is to validate a model of three-dimensional (3D) culture of osteoblasts to study mechanobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hFOB 1.19 cell line was cultured either traditionally on a flat surface or in aggregates called spheroids. They were embedded in 0.8% low-melting agarose type VII and placed in a polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert. Compressive forces of 1 and 4 g/cm2 were applied with an adjustable weight. Proliferation was evaluated by measuring diameters, monitoring glucose levels, and conducting Hoechst/propidium iodide staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays focusing on the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and bone remodelling factor osteoprotegerin were performed to evaluate soluble factor synthesis. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate bone marker transcription. RESULTS The 3D model shows good cell viability and permits IL dosing. Additionally, three gene expression profiles are analysable. LIMITATIONS The model allows analysis of conventional markers; larger exploration is needed for better understanding osteoblast mechanobiology. However, it only allows an analysis over 3 days. CONCLUSION The results obtained by applying constant compressive forces to 3D osteoblastic cultures validate this model system for exploring biomolecule release and analysing gene transcription. In particular, it highlights a disturbance in the expression of markers of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brezulier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Sorel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
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Wang M, Xia F, Wei Y, Wei X. Molecular mechanisms and clinical management of cancer bone metastasis. Bone Res 2020; 8:30. [PMID: 32793401 PMCID: PMC7391760 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Targets, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan P.R. China
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Wang Y, Ren S, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhu N, Cai D, Ye Z, Ruan J. Chemokines in bone-metastatic breast cancer: Therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106815. [PMID: 32711376 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to non-response to chemotherapy, incomplete surgical resection, and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors, breast cancer with bone metastasis is notoriously difficult to cure. Therefore, the development of novel, efficient strategies to tackle bone metastasis of breast cancer is urgently needed. Chemokines, which induce directed migration of immune cells and act as guide molecules between diverse cells and tissues, are small proteins indispensable in immunity. These complex chemokine networks play pro-tumor roles or anti-tumor roles when produced by breast cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, chemokines have diverse roles when secreted by various immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer, which can be roughly divided into immunosuppressive effects and immunostimulatory effects. Recently, targeting chemokine networks has been shown to have potential for use in treatment of metastatic malignancies, including bone-metastatic breast cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of chemokines networks in the biology of breast cancer and metastasis to the bone. We also discuss the therapeutic opportunities and future prospects of targeting chemokine networks, in combination with other current standard therapies, for the treatment of bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihong Ren
- First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zenan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | | | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145169. [PMID: 32708317 PMCID: PMC7404053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte, the mechanosensory cell type. Osteoclasts derived from the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are the principal cells involved in bone resorption. In osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis, the balance is lost and changes in favor of bone resorption. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. It has been reported that osteocytes express Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), an essential factor for osteoclast formation. RANKL secreted by osteocytes is the most important factor for physiologically supported osteoclast formation in the developing skeleton and in pathological bone resorption such as experimental periodontal bone loss. TNF-α directly enhances RANKL expression in osteocytes and promotes osteoclast formation. Moreover, TNF-α enhances sclerostin expression in osteocytes, which also increases osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that osteocyte-related cytokines act directly to enhance osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In this review, we outline the most recent knowledge concerning bone resorption-related cytokines and discuss the osteocyte as the master regulator of bone resorption and effector in osteoclast formation.
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Effect of Sevelamer on Calciprotein Particles in Hemodialysis Patients: The Sevelamer Versus Calcium to Reduce Fetuin-A-Containing Calciprotein Particles in Dialysis (SCaRF) Randomized Controlled Trial. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:1432-1447. [PMID: 32954068 PMCID: PMC7486191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are potentially modifiable mediators of phosphate toxicity in patients with kidney disease. We compared the effects of calcium carbonate (CC) and the non–calcium-based phosphate binder sevelamer on CPP levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We hypothesized that treatment with sevelamer would achieve greater reductions in amorphous calcium phosphate–containing CPP (CPP-1) and hydroxyapatite-containing CPP (CPP-2) owing to reduced calcium loading and anti-inflammatory pleiotropic effects. Methods We conducted an open-label, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 31 stable prevalent HD patients were allocated to receive either sevelamer hydrochloride (SH), sevelamer carbonate (SC), or CC for 24 weeks. Dual primary endpoints were the between groups differences in serum CPP-1 and CPP-2 levels at 24 weeks in SH + SC–treated versus CC-treated patients. Effects on aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -8), and effects across individual treatment arms were also assessed. Results Serum CPP-1, but not CPP-2, levels were lower in those randomly assigned to the sevelamer (SH + SC) group compared with the CC group at 24 weeks (–70%, 95% confidence interval [CI] –90% to –15%, P = 0.02). In subgroup analysis, this effect was confined to those receiving SC (–83.4%, 95% CI –95.7% to –36.8%, P = 0.01). aPWV and interleukin-8 levels were also lower in those who received sevelamer compared with CC at 24 weeks (–2.0 m/s, 95% CI –2.9 to –1.1; –57%, 95% CI –73% to –30%, respectively, both P = 0.01). Conventional markers of mineral metabolism remained stable across all treatment groups. Discussion Compared with treatment with CC, use of sevelamer for 24 weeks was associated with lower serum CPP-1 levels and a reduction in aPWV and systemic inflammation.
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Cytokine and Chemokine Profile in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1835836. [PMID: 32587468 PMCID: PMC7294367 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1835836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected cytokines and chemokines in the serum of multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens. A total of 71 MM patients were examined: 41 with primary refractory disease (17) or early relapse (28), and 30 who were bortezomib sensitive with no progression for at least six months. Patients who demonstrated CR or PR after bortezomib-based therapies longer than six months after treatment discontinuation were designated bortezomib sensitive. Serum cytokine levels were assayed with Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Assay on the MAGPIX Multiplex Reader and the Bio-Plex® 200 System (Bio-Rad). Higher levels of MIP-1α and lower levels of MIP-1β and IL-9 were associated with better responses to bortezomib-based treatment, and higher levels of IL-1ra and IL-8 were associated with bone involvement. MCP-1 was elevated in patients with hemoglobin < 10 g/dl compared to those without anemia. The levels of IL-8, MIP-1α, and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with renal insufficiency. Only MIP-1α was elevated in patients with hypercalcemia compared to patients with normal calcium levels. In conclusion, distinct cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of MM and may play a prominent role in the prediction of treatment response. However, a single measurement of serum cytokines should be interpreted with caution and further studies are needed.
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Paula-Silva FWG, Arnez MFM, Petean IBF, Almeida-Junior LA, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Faccioli LH. Effects of 5-lipoxygenase gene disruption on inflammation, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in polymicrobial apical periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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