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Gibbs A, Mkhwanazi S, Ramsoomar L, Willan S, Jewkes R. Couples, alcohol use and experience of intimate partner violence among young women in urban informal settlements in Durban, South Africa: A mixed methods study. Soc Sci Med 2024; 356:117144. [PMID: 39032196 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is recognized as a driver of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and experience, but relatively little research has focused on the role of couples' drinking patterns, nor pathways between alcohol and violence. We draw on data collected among young (18-30 year old) people living in informal settlements who self-selected to enroll in an intervention trial to reduce IPV in Durban, South Africa to understand these dynamics. Between September 2015 and September 2016 quantitative data were collected from women, who reported on their own experiences of IPV and alcohol use, as well as their partner's own alcohol use. To contextualise and interpret the quantitative results, we use qualitative data from women and men (who were not in relationships with one another) to understand potential pathways through which alcohol use may shape conflict in relationships. All forms of IPV (physical and/or sexual, emotional and economic) were more common among women where either, they alone had problematic drinking levels, their partner was frequently drunk but they did not have problematic alcohol use, or they had problematic alcohol use and their partner was drunk frequently. Qualitative data suggested women and men in relationships rarely drank together. Three potential ways in which alcohol use increased conflict and IPV: disinhibition, with women and men more likely to get into arguments and speak 'badly' to one another; the impact of men's drinking on relationships, including economic provision and providing emotional support; and, the close association between alcohol consumption and infidelity, with women's public drinking being particularly stigmatized and male partner's seeing this as a challenge to their authority and control. Interventions addressing the alcohol-IPV nexus need to also address male patriarchal control and alcohol's close association with infidelity and the impact on finances, as well as reducing alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gibbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Smanga Mkhwanazi
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Leane Ramsoomar
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samantha Willan
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; The School of Applied Human Sciences (Psychology), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Davenport CJ, Craven R. Supporting older adults who misuse alcohol. Nurs Older People 2024; 36:33-41. [PMID: 38773831 DOI: 10.7748/nop.2024.e1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Older adulthood is a unique time of transition often referred to as the 'golden years'. It is characterised by positive life experiences such as retirement but also by a loss of routine, identity and meaning. The literature identifies alcohol misuse as a growing issue in this population. However, the stigma, perceptions and patterns of drinking associated with alcohol misuse among older people can be a barrier to individuals seeking health advice. This article identifies that older adulthood is a period when nurses can offer health education and support using their unique relationships with patients to encourage healthy drinking behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jane Davenport
- Lecturer, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, England
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Satinsky EN, Kakuhikire B, Baguma C, Cooper-Vince CE, Rasmussen JD, Ashaba S, Perkins JM, Ahereza P, Ayebare P, Kim AW, Puffer ES, Tsai AC. Caregiver preferences for physically harsh discipline of children in rural Uganda. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2024; 39:861-874. [PMID: 38962696 PMCID: PMC11218336 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-023-00536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Physically harsh discipline is associated with poor developmental outcomes among children. These practices are more prevalent in areas experiencing poverty and resource scarcity, including in low- and middle-income countries. Designed to limit social desirability bias, this cross-sectional study in rural Uganda estimated caregiver preferences for physically harsh discipline; differences by caregiver sex, child sex, and setting; and associations with indicators of household economic stress and insecurity. Method Three-hundred-fifty adult caregivers were shown six hypothetical pictographic scenarios depicting children whining, spilling a drink, and kicking a caregiver. Girls and boys were depicted engaging in each of the three behaviors. Approximately half of the participants were shown scenes from a market setting and half were shown scenes from a household setting. For each scenario, caregivers reported the discipline strategy they would use (time out, beating, discussing, yelling, ignoring, slapping). Results Two thirds of the participants selected a physically harsh discipline strategy (beating, slapping) at least once. Women selected more physically harsh discipline strategies than men (b = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26 to 0.54). Participants shown scenes from the market selected fewer physically harsh discipline strategies than participants shown scenes from the household (b = -0.51; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.33). Finally, caregivers selected more physically harsh discipline strategies in response to boys than girls. Indicators of economic insecurity were inconsistently associated with preferences for physically harsh discipline. Conclusions The high prevalence of physically harsh discipline preferences warrant interventions aimed at reframing caregivers' approaches to discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Satinsky
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles Baguma
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Phionah Ahereza
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Andrew W. Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eve S. Puffer
- Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander C. Tsai
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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McCann JK, Freire S, de Oliveira CVR, Ochieng M, Jeong J. Father involvement is a protective factor for maternal mental health in Western Kenya. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 5:100318. [PMID: 38910840 PMCID: PMC11192501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major global health concern especially among mothers of young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While various risk and protective factors have been well-established, the role of fathers in potentially mitigating maternal depression remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the association between father involvement and maternal depressive symptoms in rural Western Kenya. We used cross-sectional baseline data collected in February-March 2023 from a cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a community-based parenting program for improving early childhood development. Primary caregivers with children 0-18 months of age were enrolled into the trial across 51 villages in Nyamira and Vihiga counties. We analyzed data from 413 mothers who were in a relationship with a male partner (i.e., father of the young child). Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the CESD-10. Father involvement was reported using a multidimensional measure of men's engagement in childcare activities, household chores, early learning activities, and affection towards their child. We used multilevel regression models to estimate the adjusted associations between father involvement (overall score and by specific domains) and maternal depressive symptoms. We also conducted exploratory subgroup analyses to assess whether this association differed by child age. Overall, greater father involvement was associated with fewer maternal depressive symptoms. Specifically, fathers' engagement in household chores and childcare activities had the strongest protective associations. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed larger associations for mothers with younger children under 6 months. Our findings suggest that father involvement is a protective factor for maternal mental health. Engaging fathers in early childhood interventions and encouraging men's involvement in caregiving activities may potentially benefit maternal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet K. McCann
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Silvana Freire
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Jeong
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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Barrett S, Muir C, Burns S, Adjei N, Forman J, Hackett S, Hirve R, Kaner E, Lynch R, Taylor-Robinson D, Wolfe I, McGovern R. Interventions to Reduce Parental Substance Use, Domestic Violence and Mental Health Problems, and Their Impacts Upon Children's Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Reviews and Evidence Mapping. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:393-412. [PMID: 36789663 PMCID: PMC10666514 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231153867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children exposed to parental intimate partner violence and abuse, mental illness, and substance use experience a range of problems which may persist into adulthood. These risks often co-occur and interact with structural factors such as poverty. Despite increasing evidence, it remains unclear how best to improve outcomes for children and families experiencing these adversities and address the complex issues they face. AIMS AND METHODS Systematic review of systematic reviews. We searched international literature databases for systematic reviews, from inception to 2021, to provide an evidence overview of the range and effectiveness of interventions to support children and families where these parental risk factors had been identified. RESULTS Sixty-two systematic reviews were included. The majority (n = 59) focused on interventions designed to address single risk factors. Reviews mostly focused on parental mental health (n = 38) and included psychological interventions or parenting-training for mothers. Only two reviews assessed interventions to address all three risk factors in combination and assessed structural interventions. Evidence indicates that families affected by parental mental health problems may be best served by integrated interventions combining therapeutic interventions for parents with parent skills training. Upstream interventions such as income supplementation and welfare reform were demonstrated to reduce the impacts of family adversity. CONCLUSION Most intervention approaches focus on mitigating individual psychological harms and seek to address risk factors in isolation, which presents potentially significant gaps in intervention evidence. These interventions may not address the cumulative impacts of co-occurring risks, or social factors that may compound adversities.
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Greene MC, Kane J, Alto M, Giusto A, Lovero K, Stockton M, McClendon J, Nicholson T, Wainberg ML, Johnson RM, Tol WA. Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 5:CD013350. [PMID: 37158538 PMCID: PMC10167787 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013350.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmful alcohol use is defined as unhealthy alcohol use that results in adverse physical, psychological, social, or societal consequences and is among the leading risk factors for disease, disability and premature mortality globally. The burden of harmful alcohol use is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and there remains a large unmet need for indicated prevention and treatment interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in these settings. Evidence regarding which interventions are effective and feasible for addressing harmful and other patterns of unhealthy alcohol use in LMICs is limited, which contributes to this gap in services. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment and indicated prevention interventions compared with control conditions (wait list, placebo, no treatment, standard care, or active control condition) aimed at reducing harmful alcohol use in LMICs. SEARCH METHODS We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indexed in the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group (CDAG) Specialized Register, the Cochrane Clinical Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) through 12 December 2021. We searched clinicaltrials.gov, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Web of Science, and Opengrey database to identify unpublished or ongoing studies. We searched the reference lists of included studies and relevant review articles for eligible studies. SELECTION CRITERIA All RCTs comparing an indicated prevention or treatment intervention (pharmacologic or psychosocial) versus a control condition for people with harmful alcohol use in LMICs were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 66 RCTs with 17,626 participants. Sixty-two of these trials contributed to the meta-analysis. Sixty-three studies were conducted in middle-income countries (MICs), and the remaining three studies were conducted in low-income countries (LICs). Twenty-five trials exclusively enrolled participants with alcohol use disorder. The remaining 51 trials enrolled participants with harmful alcohol use, some of which included both cases of alcohol use disorder and people reporting hazardous alcohol use patterns that did not meet criteria for disorder. Fifty-two RCTs assessed the efficacy of psychosocial interventions; 27 were brief interventions primarily based on motivational interviewing and were compared to brief advice, information, or assessment only. We are uncertain whether a reduction in harmful alcohol use is attributable to brief interventions given the high levels of heterogeneity among included studies (Studies reporting continuous outcomes: Tau² = 0.15, Q =139.64, df =16, P<.001, I² = 89%, 3913 participants, 17 trials, very low certainty; Studies reporting dichotomous outcomes: Tau²=0.18, Q=58.26, df=3, P<.001, I² =95%, 1349 participants, 4 trials, very low certainty). The other types of psychosocial interventions included a range of therapeutic approaches such as behavioral risk reduction, cognitive-behavioral therapy, contingency management, rational emotive therapy, and relapse prevention. These interventions were most commonly compared to usual care involving varying combinations of psychoeducation, counseling, and pharmacotherapy. We are uncertain whether a reduction in harmful alcohol use is attributable to psychosocial treatments due to high levels of heterogeneity among included studies (Heterogeneity: Tau² = 1.15; Q = 444.32, df = 11, P<.001; I²=98%, 2106 participants, 12 trials, very low certainty). Eight trials compared combined pharmacologic and psychosocial interventions with placebo, psychosocial intervention alone, or another pharmacologic treatment. The active pharmacologic study conditions included disulfiram, naltrexone, ondansetron, or topiramate. The psychosocial components of these interventions included counseling, encouragement to attend Alcoholics Anonymous, motivational interviewing, brief cognitive-behavioral therapy, or other psychotherapy (not specified). Analysis of studies comparing a combined pharmacologic and psychosocial intervention to psychosocial intervention alone found that the combined approach may be associated with a greater reduction in harmful alcohol use (standardized mean difference (standardized mean difference (SMD))=-0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.61 to -0.24; 475 participants; 4 trials; low certainty). Four trials compared pharmacologic intervention alone with placebo and three with another pharmacotherapy. Drugs assessed were: acamprosate, amitriptyline, baclofen disulfiram, gabapentin, mirtazapine, and naltrexone. None of these trials evaluated the primary clinical outcome of interest, harmful alcohol use. Thirty-one trials reported rates of retention in the intervention. Meta-analyses revealed that rates of retention between study conditions did not differ in any of the comparisons (pharmacologic risk ratio (RR) = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.44, 247 participants, 3 trials, low certainty; pharmacologic in addition to psychosocial intervention: RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.40, 363 participants, 3 trials, moderate certainty). Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we did not calculate pooled estimates comparing retention in brief (Heterogeneity: Tau² = 0.00; Q = 172.59, df = 11, P<.001; I2 = 94%; 5380 participants; 12 trials, very low certainty) or other psychosocial interventions (Heterogeneity: Tau² = 0.01; Q = 34.07, df = 8, P<.001; I2 = 77%; 1664 participants; 9 trials, very low certainty). Two pharmacologic trials and three combined pharmacologic and psychosocial trials reported on side effects. These studies found more side effects attributable to amitriptyline relative to mirtazapine, naltrexone and topiramate relative to placebo, yet no differences in side effects between placebo and either acamprosate or ondansetron. Across all intervention types there was substantial risk of bias. Primary threats to validity included lack of blinding and differential/high rates of attrition. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In LMICs there is low-certainty evidence supporting the efficacy of combined psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions on reducing harmful alcohol use relative to psychosocial interventions alone. There is insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy of pharmacologic or psychosocial interventions on reducing harmful alcohol use largely due to the substantial heterogeneity in outcomes, comparisons, and interventions that precluded pooling of these data in meta-analyses. The majority of studies are brief interventions, primarily among men, and using measures that have not been validated in the target population. Confidence in these results is reduced by the risk of bias and significant heterogeneity among studies as well as the heterogeneity of results on different outcome measures within studies. More evidence on the efficacy of pharmacologic interventions, specific types of psychosocial interventions are needed to increase the certainty of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Claire Greene
- Program on Forced Migration and Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Kane
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Alto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ali Giusto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Lovero
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Stockton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jasmine McClendon
- Department of Psychiatry, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CALIFORNIA, USA
| | - Terriann Nicholson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, New York, USA
| | - Milton L Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University/NYSPI, New York, New York, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wietse Anton Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Peter C. Alderman Program for Global Mental Health, HealthRight International, New York, USA
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Giusto A, Jaguga F, Pereira-Sanchez V, Rono W, Triplett N, Rukh-E-Qamar H, Parker M, Wainberg ML. Barriers and Facilitators to Father's Engagement in a Depression and Alcohol Use Intervention in Kenya: Father, Family, and Community Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4830. [PMID: 36981739 PMCID: PMC10048967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In Kenya, there is a treatment gap for depression and alcohol use that is especially large for fathers, which has consequences for families. While treatments exist, there are challenges to implementation. This study aimed to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing a treatment for fathers' depression and alcohol use in Eldoret, Kenya. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Integrated Sustainability Framework, we conducted 18 key informant interviews and 7 focus group discussions (31 total participants) with stakeholders in Eldoret (hospital leaders, policy makers, mental health providers, community leaders, fathers, lay providers, and patients previously engaged in treatment). Interviews were analyzed using the framework method; themes were matrixed by framework domains. Participants identified barriers and facilitators, and opportunities for implementation, in the following domains: innovation, outer setting, inner setting, individual, sustainability, and characteristics of systems. Barriers included a lack of resources, stigma, masculine norms, cost of services, and alcohol dependence. Facilitators included community buy-in, family support, providers with lived experience, government support, and relevant treatment content. Findings will inform implementation strategy development for an intervention for fathers with depression and alcohol use, and family problems with local relevance and scalable potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Giusto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Florence Jaguga
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret P.O. Box 3-30100, Kenya
| | - Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wilter Rono
- Department of Mental Health, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret P.O. Box 3-30100, Kenya
| | - Noah Triplett
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hani Rukh-E-Qamar
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Mattea Parker
- Department of Psychology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Yalch MM, Christodoulou J, Rotheram-Borus MJ, Tomlinson M. Longitudinal Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Alcohol Use in a Population Cohort of South African Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1718-NP1737. [PMID: 35473455 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common traumatic stressor for women worldwide, especially for women living in low-and-middle-income countries. One of the most common correlates of IPV victimization is alcohol use, but the dynamics of IPV and drinking among women are not well understood. Although some research suggests that women drink in the aftermath of IPV to cope with distress related to the violence they experienced, other studies imply that higher levels of alcohol use among one or both partners in a relationship make violence more likely. In this study, we examine this question in a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study of a population cohort of pregnant women in South Africa (N = 1238) using a Bayesian approach to latent growth curve structural equation modeling. Results indicate that on average, IPV decreases and alcohol use increases over time and that these trajectories are associated with each other. Further, results suggest that although IPV drives drinking (rather than the other way around), higher average levels of alcohol use are associated with a slower decrease in IPV. Findings have implications for future research on the association between IPV and alcohol use, as well as for clinical intervention for women who experienced IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Global Health, Institute for Life Course Health Research, 26697Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Bott S, Ruiz-Celis AP, Mendoza JA, Guedes A. Correlates of co-occurring physical child punishment and physical intimate partner violence in Colombia, Mexico and Peru. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2195. [PMCID: PMC9702951 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Violent discipline of children and intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are global public health and human rights problems. To address calls for more evidence on intersections, this study aimed to expand knowledge about correlates of physical child punishment, physical IPV against women and their co-occurrence (both) in the same household.
Methods
Using national, population-based survey datasets from Colombia, Mexico and Peru, multinomial logistic regressions examined correlates of three mutually exclusive patterns of violence in the household: physical child punishment (only), physical IPV ever (only) and co-occurrence (both), each compared with no violence, after adjusting for other factors. Logistic regression was used to analyse odds ratios of physical child punishment in households affected by IPV past year and before past year compared with never, after adjusting for other factors.
Results
In all countries, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of co-occurrence were significantly higher among women with lower education, more than one child, a child aged 2–5, a partner who tried to socially isolate her, and a history of childhood violence (caregiver violence and/or IPV exposure). They were significantly lower among women who reported collaborative partnerships (joint decision-making and/or shared chores). Co-occurrence was also significantly correlated with a history of child marriage/early motherhood in Colombia and Mexico, partner’s excess drinking in Mexico and Peru, agreement that physical child punishment was necessary in Peru and partner’s history of childhood violence in Colombia and Mexico. Evidence of shared risk factors was strongest for social isolation and caregiver histories of childhood violence and of shared protective factors for collaborative partnership dynamics. In all countries, associations between physical child punishment and physical IPV remained significant after adjusting for other factors, suggesting that correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone.
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with several theories relevant for violence prevention: 1) more collaborative, gender equitable partnerships may protect both children and women from violence; 2) violence between intimate partners may ‘spill over’ into violence against children (as correlations could not be explained by shared risk factors alone); and 3) there appears to be strong evidence of intergenerational transmission of violence.
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Levtov RG, Doyle K, Bingenheimer JB, Lahiri S, Kazimbaya S, Karamage E, Sayinzoga F, Mutoni M, Rubayita CH, Barker G. Improved Relationship Quality, Equitable Gender Attitudes, and Reduced Alcohol Abuse as Key Mechanisms to Reduce Intimate Partner Violence in the Bandebereho Couples' Randomized Trial in Rwanda. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1495-1506. [PMID: 36219325 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been rapid growth in the evidence for programs to prevent or reduce intimate partner violence (IPV)-the most common form of men's violence against women. IPV interventions targeting heterosexual couples have shown significant impact. However, our understanding of how these interventions achieve their impacts on violence-the mechanisms through which change occurs-remains limited. Using data from two follow-up rounds of a randomized controlled trial of the Bandebereho intervention in Rwanda, we constructed conceptually driven structural equation models to represent the processes by which hypothesized mediating variables linked treatment assignment to IPV. We found significant differences in the expected direction between the intervention and control participants on all mediating variables, including men's alcohol use, communication frequency, emotional closeness, frequency of quarreling, and men's attitudes related to gender and violence. Several mechanisms-more positive couple dynamics including emotional closeness and communication frequency; men's gender-equitable attitudes; men's alcohol use-accounted for the largest proportions of the effect of assignment to the Bandebereho intervention on IPV. Overall, our findings highlight that no one particular component is driving the reductions in violence; instead, the multiple components and pathways account for the intervention's effects, suggesting that the holistic nature of the intervention may be integral to its positive impact. The Bandebereho trial from which data was used in this analysis was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov prior to completion ( NCT02694627 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Doyle
- Equimundo: Center for Masculinities and Social Justice, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Bingenheimer
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shaon Lahiri
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Philosophy, Politics and Economics Program, University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA.,Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania, PA, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Shamsi Kazimbaya
- Equimundo: Center for Masculinities and Social Justice, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Felix Sayinzoga
- Rwanda Biomedical Center, Maternal Child and Community Health Division, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Merab Mutoni
- Rwanda Biomedical Center, Maternal Child and Community Health Division, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Gary Barker
- Equimundo: Center for Masculinities and Social Justice, Washington, DC, USA
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Giusto AM, Ayuku D, Puffer ES. Learn, Engage, Act, Dedicate (LEAD): development and feasibility testing of a task-shifted intervention to improve alcohol use, depression and family engagement for fathers. Int J Ment Health Syst 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 35246218 PMCID: PMC8896316 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-022-00522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men's depression, alcohol use, and family problems commonly co-occur to create of cluster of mental health problems. Yet, few treatments exist to address these problems, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development and initial feasibility and acceptability of a novel task-shifted intervention to address this cluster of men's mental health problems with a focus on engaging and retaining men in treatment. METHODS The intervention, Learn, Engage, Act, Dedicate (LEAD), is based in behavioral activation blended with motivational interviewing and was pilot tested in Kenya. To develop LEAD, we engaged in a community-engaged multi-step, collaborative process with local Kenyan stakeholders. LEAD was piloted with nine fathers reporting problem drinking. To assess initial feasibility and acceptability, recruitment and participation were tracked and descriptive statistics were generated given engagement of men was key for proof of concept. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS The development process resulted in a weekly 5-session intervention rooted in behavioral activation, motivational interviewing, and masculinity discussion strategies. These approaches were combined and adapted to fit contextually salient constructs, such as the importance of the man as provider, and streamlined for lay providers. Feasibility and acceptability results were promising with high attendance, acceptability of delivery and intervention content, and perceived intervention helpfulness. CONCLUSION Results describe an acceptable task-shifted treatment that may engage men in care and addresses a cluster of common mental health problems among men in ways that consider social determinants like masculinity. Findings set the stage for a larger trial. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN130380278. Registered 7 October 2019-Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13038027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Giusto
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 40 Haven Ave., #171, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - David Ayuku
- Moi University, Academic Highway, Eldoret, Usain Gishu County, Kenya
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Duke University Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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12
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Jailobaeva K, Horn R, Arakelyan S, Diaconu K, Kamara A, Ager A. Social determinants of psychological distress in Sierra Leone. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1781-1793. [PMID: 35441330 PMCID: PMC9375741 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence demonstrates that daily stressors such as family violence, unemployment, and living conditions play an important part in causing psychological distress. This paper investigates the impact of distressing events and day-to-day living conditions on psychological distress in the fragile context of Sierra Leone. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 904 adults (454 men, 450 women) in 5 districts of Sierra Leone. The survey questionnaire comprised the Sierra Leone Psychological Distress scale and measures of demographic variables and personal characteristics, current life circumstances and potentially distressing events. RESULTS Multiple regression results identified three factors to be the greatest contributors to psychological distress: family conflict (β = 0.185, p < 0.001) and inability to afford basic needs (β = 0.175, p < 0.001). Gender differences were evident: factors predicting men's psychological distress included severe sickness or injury (β = 0.203, p < 0.001) and being unable to afford basic needs (β = 0.190, p < 0.001); for women, predicting factors were family conflict (β = 0.212, p < 0.001), perceived poor health (β = 0.192, p < 0.001) and inability to afford basic needs (β = 0.190, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Initiatives to promote good mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in Sierra Leone should focus on enhancing income-generating and employment opportunities, promoting access to education, and strengthening family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanykey Jailobaeva
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU, UK.
| | - Rebecca Horn
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
| | - Stella Arakelyan
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
| | - Karin Diaconu
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
| | - Ajaratu Kamara
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK ,College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Alastair Ager
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Health in Situations of Fragility, Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, EH21 6UU UK
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Giusto A, Mootz JJ, Korir M, Jaguga F, Mellins CA, Wainberg ML, Puffer ES. “When my children see their father is sober, they are happy”: A qualitative exploration of family system impacts following men's engagement in an alcohol misuse intervention in peri-urban Kenya. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 1. [PMID: 35647569 PMCID: PMC9137329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Giusto
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Corresponding author. Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 40 Haven Ave, #171, New York, NY, 10032. (A. Giusto)
| | - Jennifer J. Mootz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mercy Korir
- Moi University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Florence Jaguga
- Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 3-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Claude Ann Mellins
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Milton L. Wainberg
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eve S. Puffer
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, Duke University. Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
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14
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Giusto A, Johnson SL, Lovero KL, Wainberg ML, Rono W, Ayuku D, Puffer ES. Building community-based helping practices by training peer-father counselors: A novel intervention to reduce drinking and depressive symptoms among fathers through an expanded masculinity lens. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 95:103291. [PMID: 34107387 PMCID: PMC8530851 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem drinking and co-occurring depression symptoms affect men at high rates and are associated with increased risk of family violence. In low- and middle-income countries, there is a large treatment gap for services due to a lack of human resources. Moreover, masculine norms are a barrier to men seeking treatment for drinking and depression in healthcare settings. We examined an approach for engaging peer-fathers to deliver an intervention to reduce alcohol use, improve depressive symptoms, and increase family involvement among fathers in Kenya with problem drinking. The intervention-LEAD (Learn, Engage, Act, Dedicate)-combines motivational interviewing, behavioral activation, and masculinity discussion strategies. METHODS Community and religious leaders nominated fathers with no mental health training to serve as counselors (N=12); clients were recruited through community referrals. Nominated fathers completed a 10-day training beginning with treatment principles followed by manualized content. Three counselors were selected after training based on quantitative and qualitative assessments of communication skills, intervention knowledge, willingness to learn, ability to use feedback, and empathy. Supervision was tiered with local supervisors and clinical psychologist consultation. During LEAD delivery, counselor fidelity, delivery quality, and general and intervention-specific competencies were assessed. To evaluate acceptability, qualitative interviews were conducted with lay-counselors and clients (N=11). Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative outcomes; interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Peer-father lay counselors treated nine clients, with eight completing treatment. Counselors reached high rates of fidelity (93.8%) and high to optimal ratings on quality of delivery, clinical competency, and intervention-specific competencies. Qualitative results suggested high acceptability, with counselors expressing satisfaction and empowerment in their roles. Clients likewise described positive experiences with counselors. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide initial support for the acceptability and feasibility of recruitment, selection, and training processes for peer-father lay counselors to deliver LEAD through a lens of masculinity that aligned with clients help-acceptance practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Giusto
- Columbia University Medical Center, USA.
| | - Savannah L Johnson
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lovero
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Milton L Wainberg
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia, University, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wilter Rono
- Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Rift Valley, Kenya
| | - David Ayuku
- Moi Teaching & Referral Hospital, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Eldoret, Rift Valley, Kenya
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
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Jiang JJ, Reupena SM, Naseri T, Swift RM, McGeary JE, McGarvey ST. Alcohol Consumption among Samoan Adults in 2010: Patterns, Correlates and Health Implications. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:681-689. [PMID: 32666120 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to describe alcohol consumption and related problems from a nationwide survey in 2010 in Samoa in association with sociodemographic variables as part of an intervention development. METHODS The sample consisted of 3463 adults, 25-65 years of age. Participants self-reported alcohol consumption in the previous 12 months, patterns of drinking and alcohol-related psychosocial problems. Data about age, census region of residence, highest attained education level, employment, marital status, household assets score and current smoking status were gathered. RESULTS More than one-third of men, 36.1%, and 4.1% of women consumed alcohol in the past year. There were greater proportions of alcohol users among younger adults, <45 years, in both men and women. Among men, being unemployed and residing outside of rural Savai'i and smoking cigarettes were associated with current alcohol use. Among women, tertiary education and cigarette smoking were strongly associated with alcohol use. Among alcohol consumers, almost 75% of both men and women reported being drunk more than once in the prior month, and 58% of men and 81% of women drank heavily, consuming >4 drinks for women and >5 drinks for men at least once per episode in the prior week. More men than women, 51% versus 26%, felt that alcohol consumption had interfered with their daily life. CONCLUSION Our analyses identified correlates of alcohol consumption and associated problems that can help guide the development of targeted interventions for different sex and age groups to mitigate the social and physiological harms of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy J Jiang
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetic, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,International Health Institute & Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - Robert M Swift
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addictions & Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute & Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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16
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Giusto A, Green EP, Simmons RA, Ayuku D, Patel P, Puffer ES. A multiple baseline study of a brief alcohol reduction and family engagement intervention for fathers in Kenya. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 88:708-725. [PMID: 32700954 PMCID: PMC7413306 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a lay provider-delivered, brief intervention to reduce problem drinking and related family consequences among men in Kenya. The 5-session intervention combines behavioral activation (BA) and motivational interviewing (MI). It integrates family-related material explicitly and addresses central cultural factors through gender transformative strategies. METHOD A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used. We initiated treatment with 9 men ages 30 to 48 who were fathers and screened positive for problem drinking; the median Alcohol Use Identification Test score was 17 (harmful range). Participants were randomized to staggered start dates. We measured the primary outcome of weekly alcohol consumption 4 weeks before treatment, during treatment, and 4 weeks posttreatment using the Timeline Followback measure. Secondary outcomes were assessed using a pre-post assessment (1-month) of men's depression symptoms, drinking- and family-related problem behavior, involvement with child, time with family, family functioning, relationship quality (child and partner), and harsh treatment of child and partner. Men, partners, and children (ages 8-17) reported on family outcomes. RESULTS Eight men completed treatment. Mixed-effects hurdle model analysis showed that alcohol use, both number of days drinking and amount consumed, significantly decreased during and after treatment. Odds of not drinking were 5.1 times higher posttreatment (95% CI [3.3, 7.9]). When men did drink posttreatment, they drank 50% less (95% CI [0.39, 0.65]). Wilcoxon signed-ranks test demonstrated pre-post improvements in depression symptoms and family related outcomes. CONCLUSION Results provide preliminary evidence that a BA-MI intervention developed for lay providers may reduce alcohol use and improve family outcomes among men in Kenya. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Giusto
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
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17
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Tol W. Interpersonal violence and mental health: a social justice framework to advance research and practice. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2020; 7:e10. [PMID: 32742668 PMCID: PMC7379322 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2020.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This editorial paper accompanies a special series in the journal Global Mental Health focused on the topic of interpersonal violence and mental health. This series included 24 papers reporting on data from 31 countries, published between 2017 and 2019. This accompanying paper provides a short summary of findings in the special series and reflects on next steps in research and practice. Collectively, the series' 24 papers suggest intricate bi-directional relationships between interpersonal violence and mental health, situated in particular contexts and varying across the life course. In order to study this complexity, an overarching theoretical framework is critical. This paper takes the social justice theory developed by Powers and Faden (2006, 2019) as a starting point. It is argued that application of this social justice framework will be helpful to: strengthen conceptual clarity; provide a sense of direction for research and practice in the area of interpersonal violence and mental health; assist in conducting more fine grained analyses of contextually determined processes of disadvantage; and help situate disciplinary specific research and practice questions in their broader context, thereby strengthening multi-disciplinary research and multi-sectoral policy and programming efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.A. Tol
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Peter C. Alderman Program for Global Mental Health, HealthRight International, New York, NY, USA
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Huang KY, Lee D, Nakigudde J, Cheng S, Gouley KK, Mann D, Schoenthaler A, Chokshi S, Kisakye EN, Tusiime C, Mendelsohn A. Use of Technology to Promote Child Behavioral Health in the Context of Pediatric Care: A Scoping Review and Applications to Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:806. [PMID: 31798470 PMCID: PMC6865208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The burden of mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) disorders is greater in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The rapid growth of digital health (i.e., eHealth) approaches offer new solutions for transforming pediatric mental health services and have the potential to address multiple resource and system barriers. However, little work has been done in applying eHealth to promote young children's mental health in LMICs. It is also not clear how eHealth has been and might be applied to translating existing evidence-based practices/strategies (EBPs) to enable broader access to child mental health interventions and services. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to summarize current eHealth applications and evidence in child mental health. The review focuses on 1) providing an overview of existing eHealth applications, research methods, and effectiveness evidence in child mental health promotion (focused on children of 0-12 years of age) across diverse service contexts; and 2) drawing lessons learned from the existing research about eHealth design strategies and usability data in order to inform future eHealth design in LMICs. Results: Thirty-two (32) articles fitting our inclusion criteria were reviewed. The child mental health eHealth studies were grouped into three areas: i) eHealth interventions targeting families that promote child and family wellbeing; ii) eHealth for improving school mental health services (e.g., promote school staff's knowledge and management skills); and iii) eHealth for improving behavioral health care in the pediatric care system (e.g., promote use of integrated patient-portal and electronic decision support systems). Most eHealth studies have reported positive impacts. Although most pediatric eHealth studies were conducted in high-income countries, many eHealth design strategies can be adapted and modified to fit LMIC contexts. Most user-engagement strategies identified from high-income countries are also relevant for populations in LMICs. Conclusions: This review synthesizes patterns of eHealth use across a spectrum of individual/family and system level of eHealth interventions that can be applied to promote child mental health and strengthen mental health service systems. This review also summarizes critical lessons to guide future eHealth design and delivery models in LMICs. However, more research in testing combinations of eHealth strategies in LMICs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Yen Huang
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Douglas Lee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janet Nakigudde
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sabrina Cheng
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathleen Kiely Gouley
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devin Mann
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Antoinette Schoenthaler
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara Chokshi
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Alan Mendelsohn
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Mukherjee T, Hirsch-Moverman Y, Saito S, Gadisa T, Melaku Z, Howard AA. Determinants of alcohol use among people living with HIV initiating isoniazid preventive therapy in Ethiopia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107465. [PMID: 31499239 PMCID: PMC6948347 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatotoxicity, an adverse effect of isoniazid preventative therapy (IPT), is exacerbated by alcohol consumption. Although the WHO recommends IPT for people living with HIV (PLHIV), it is contraindicated in regular alcohol users. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and determinants of alcohol use among PLHIV initiating IPT in Ethiopia. METHODS Baseline data (July 2013-May 2015) from 316 participants in the Enhance Initiation and Retention in IPT Care for HIV (ENRICH) study were used to assess the prevalence of alcohol use. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify determinants of non-hazardous and hazardous alcohol use, compared to no alcohol use. RESULTS Overall, 41.8% of participants reported alcohol use, of which 45.5% reported hazardous use. Compared to non-alcohol users, hazardous users were younger (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02, 1.11), more likely to be male (AOR: 6.40; 95% CI: 3.17, 12.93), Orthodox (AOR: 3.96; 95% CI: 1.74, 9.00), have larger support networks (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.61, 9.06), and report greater amount (AOR: 14.80; 95% CI: 5.76, 38.02) and frequency (AOR: 5.91; 95% CI: 2.75, 12.67) of khat use. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use was prevalent in this population, and current WHO guidelines would exclude a substantial proportion of the population from receiving IPT. PLHIV in this region would benefit from routine screening for alcohol and khat use, and from substance use education and counseling while receiving IPT until it can be determined whether alcohol users can safely receive IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trena Mukherjee
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yael Hirsch-Moverman
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzue Saito
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea A. Howard
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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