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Wang K, Zhao X, Yang S, Qi X, Li A, Yu W. New insights into dairy management and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: The shift from single nutrient to dairy matrix effects-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13374. [PMID: 38847750 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Dairy is recognized as a good source of calcium, which is important for preventing osteoporosis. However, the relationship between milk and bone health is more complex than just calcium supplementation. It is unwise to focus solely on observing the effects of a single nutrient. Lactose, proteins, and vitamins in milk, as well as fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and exosomes, all work together with calcium to enhance its bioavailability and utilization efficiency through various mechanisms. We evaluate the roles of dairy nutrients and active ingredients in maintaining bone homeostasis from the perspective of the dairy matrix effects. Special attention is given to threshold effects, synergistic effects, and associations with the gut-bone axis. We also summarize the associations between probiotic/prebiotic milk, low-fat/high-fat milk, lactose-free milk, and fortified milk with a reduced risk of osteoporosis and discuss the potential benefits and controversies of these dairy products. Moreover, we examine the role of dairy products in increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in old age. It provides a theoretical reference for the use of dairy products in the accurate prevention and management of osteoporosis and related chronic diseases and offers personalized dietary recommendations for bone health in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Dairy Processing Technology Research Centre, Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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2
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Abstract
Bone mineral mass, geometry and microstructure, hence determinants of fracture risk, result bone accrual during growth and bone loss later in life. Peak bone mass, which is reached by the end of the second decade of life, is mainly determined by genetic factors. Among other factors influencing bone capital, dietary intakes, particularly calcium and protein, play a significant role in peak bone mass attainment. Both nutrients are provided in dairy products, which accounts for 50-60% and 20-30% of the daily calcium and protein intakes, respectively. Children avoiding dairy products are at higher risk of fracture, as are adults or older individuals following a diet devoid of dairy products, like vegans. Various intervention trials have shown some beneficial effects of dairy products on bone capital accumulation during growth and on bone turnover in adults. In observational studies, dairy products intake, particularly the fermented ones, which also provide probiotics in addition to calcium, phosphorus and protein, appear to be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture.
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3
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Oberto L, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Tartara A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid. Nutrients 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 35010952 PMCID: PMC8746518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a nutritionally modulated tissue. Given this background, aim of this review is to evaluate the latest data regarding ideal dietary approach in order to reduce bone mineral density loss and to construct a food pyramid that allows osteopenia/osteoporosis patients to easily figure out what to eat. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions of whole grains), together with fruits and vegetables (5 portions; orange-colored fruits and vegetables and green leafy vegetables are to be preferred), light yogurt (125 mL), skim milk (200 mL,) extra virgin olive oil (almost 20 mg/day), and calcium water (almost 1 l/day); weekly portions should include fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), legumes (2 portions), eggs (2 portions), cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green means that osteopenia/osteoporosis subjects need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, calcium, vitamin D, boron, omega 3, and isoflavones supplementation could be an effective strategy with a great benefit/cost ratio), and one red means that there are some foods that are banned (salt, sugar, inorganic phosphate additives). Finally, three to four times per week of 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Letizia Oberto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
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Hidayat K, Chen JS, Wang TC, Liu YJ, Shi YJ, Su HW, Liu B, Qin LQ. The Effects of Milk Supplementation on Bone Health Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1186-1199. [PMID: 34792092 PMCID: PMC9340984 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk contains a number of bone-beneficial nutrients. However, milk, due to the D-galactose content, might have unfavorable effects on bone health. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to clarify the effects of milk supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers [N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx), osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP)], and hormonal indices related to bone metabolism [parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] in adults. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect sizes. A total of 20 RCTs were included. The trial duration ranged from 1 mo to 36 mo. Milk supplementation resulted in a small but significant increase in BMD at the hip (+0.004 g/cm2; n = 9 RCTs) and lumbar spine (+0.025 g/cm2; n = 7), but did not significantly affect whole-body BMD (n = 3) and femoral neck BMD (n = 7). Milk supplementation reduced the concentrations of P1NP (-5.20 ng/mL; n = 9), CTx (-0.16 ng/mL; n = 9), and NTx (-8.66 nmol bone collagen equivalents/mmol creatinine; n = 3). The concentrations of osteocalcin (n = 9) and BALP (n = 3) were not affected by milk supplementation. Reduced parathyroid hormone PTH (-1.01 pg/mL; n = 13) concentrations and increased IGF-1 (+1.79 nmol/l; n = 4) concentrations were observed with milk supplementation. 25(OH)D (+3.73 ng/mL; n = 11) concentrations were increased with vitamin-D fortified milk supplementation. The addition of milk to the diet may potentially increase the likelihood of preventing bone loss by restoring bone homeostasis through the modulation of the calcium-vitamin D-PTH axis, bone remodeling rate, and growth hormone/IGF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing-Si Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ci Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shi
- Branch Company, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Wen Su
- Branch Company, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
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5
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Rondanelli M, Tartara A, Fossari F, Vecchio V, Faliva MA, Naso M, Perna S, Nichetti M, Peroni G. Adequate intake and supplementation of B vitamins, in particular folic acid, can play a protective role in bone health. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 15:110-120. [PMID: 34610784 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666211005101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and animal model studies have shown that B vitamins (VB) deficiency have negative consequences on bone, as a result of direct or mediated activity of hyperhomocysteinemia. However, there are still no precise indications regarding a possible VB role in order to maintain bone health. So, the aim of this narrative review was to consider the state of the art on correlation between VB dietary intake, blood levels and supplementation and bone health (bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers and fractures risk) in humans. This review included 29 eligible studies. Considering VB blood levels, the 14 studies considered have shown that low serum folate can be a factor risk for reduced BMD and fractures in elderly, particularly women; no independent association was found for other VB. Studies that evaluate relationship between VB dietary intake and BMD are only 2; one, conducted on 1869 women, demonstrated a positive effect of folate intake on BMD, another demonstrated a dose-dependent inverse relationship between vitamin B6 dietary intake and risk of hip fracture, but only for 35298 female participants. Regarding the relationship between BV supplementation and bone health (9 studies with only VB and 4 with other nutrients), all studies that considered patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, are in agreement in demonstrating that folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is useful in improving BMD. In conclusion, a request for folate and homocysteine blood levels in elderly patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis is mandatory. For patients with hyperhomocysteinemia or with low folate blood levels, folate supplementation (500mcg-5mg) is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Federica Fossari
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Viviana Vecchio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Naso
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, College of Science, Sakhir Campus P. O. Box 32038. Bahrain
| | - Mara Nichetti
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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6
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Bonetto LM, Corso PFCDL, Kuchar GG, Gerber JT, Cunha LF, Elsalanty M, Zielak JC, Gonzaga CC, Scariot R. Effect of Age and Sodium Alendronate on Femoral Fracture Repair: Biochemical and Biomechanical Study in Rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:558285. [PMID: 34026748 PMCID: PMC8131822 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.558285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates are drugs widely used to reduce bone resorption, increase bone mineral density and control age-related bone loss. Although there are studies reporting differences in bone structure between young and old adults, it is still difficult to predict changes related to bone aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and sodium alendronate on bone repair of femoral fractures in rats. METHODS Wistar rats (n = 40) were allocated into groups: O (control old-rats), Y (control young-rats), OA (alendronate old-rats) and YA (alendronate young-rats). All animals underwent linear fracture surgery followed by fixation. Groups OA and YA received 1 mg/kg alendronate three times a week until euthanasia. Biochemical analysis of calcium and alkaline phosphatase was done. After euthanasia, femurs were evaluated in relation to cross-section and flexural strength, with three-point bending test. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of 0.05. RESULTS There was no difference in calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels (p > 0.05). Young animals presented lower cross-section than older animals (p < 0.05). Only fractured side, young animals presented major flexural strength than older animals (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the animals that used or not alendronate in relation to cross-section and flexural strength (p > 0.05). When compared fractured and non-fractured femurs, major cross-section on fractured side was observed (p < 0.05). Flexural strength presented higher values in femurs on non-fractured side (p < 0.05). There was correlation of weight and cross-section (R = +0.91) and weight with flexural strength of fractured and non-fractured side, respectively (R = -0.97 and -0.71). CONCLUSION In short, there was no difference of calcium and alkaline phosphatase during the bone repair process. Age has influence in cross-section and flexural strength. Alendronate showed no association with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Medical Anatomical Science, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, Unioted States
| | | | | | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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7
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Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL, Kruger MC. The Role of Milk Components, Pro-, Pre-, and Synbiotic Foods in Calcium Absorption and Bone Health Maintenance. Front Nutr 2020; 7:578702. [PMID: 33072800 PMCID: PMC7539038 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.578702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in later life are two approaches to reduce the risk of osteoporosis with aging. Osteoporosis affects a large proportion of the elderly population worldwide and the incidence is increasing. Milk consumption is an accepted strategy in building peak bone mass and therefore may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. In childhood calcium, phosphorous, and growth factors are the important components to support bone growth but in adults the positive influence on bone density/maintenance may also be due to other bioactive proteins/peptides or lipids in milk acting directly in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Lactose has been known to increase calcium absorption; galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are derived from lactose and are non-digestible oligosaccharides. They have been shown to improve mineral balance and bone properties as well as causing increases in bifidobacteria in the gut, therefore a prebiotic effect. Supplementation with fortified milk and dairy products with added prebiotics, increased both calcium and magnesium absorption and caused some modulation of gut microbiota in animals and humans. Fermented milk is now also recognized to contain highly active components such as vitamins, peptides, oligosaccharides, and organic acids. In this review, the role of milk and milk components in improving calcium absorption and thereby supporting bone health is discussed. In addition, some reference is made to the significance of combining the inherent beneficial components from milk with fortificants/nutrients that will support bone health through adulthood. Novel data suggesting differences in diversity of the microbiota between healthy and osteoporotic women are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji L Ilesanmi-Oyelere
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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8
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Hidayat K, Du X, Shi BM, Qin LQ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence. Osteoporos Int 2020; 31:1411-1425. [PMID: 32383066 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present meta-analysis, reductions in the risk of hip fracture with milk consumption were only observed among American adults, but not among Scandinavian adults, possibly because milk products are more commonly fortified with vitamin D in the former population than in Scandinavian countries. The reduction in the risk of hip fracture was also observed with yogurt consumption, which is often associated with healthy lifestyles and dietary patterns that contribute to improved bone health. INTRODUCTION Although dairy products contain bone-beneficial nutrients, the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture remains equivocal. Fueling this uncertainty, the elevated risk of hip fracture in association with milk consumption was observed in a cohort of Swedish women. A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was performed to critically evaluate the association, or lack thereof, between dairy consumption (milk, yogurt, and cheese) and the risk of hip fracture. METHODS A random effects model was used to generate the summary relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of interest. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of the highest versus lowest category of consumption, higher consumption of yogurt (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68, 0.90), but not milk (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.02) or cheese (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.66, 1.08), was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture. For milk, the reduced risk of fracture with higher milk consumption was observed in the USA (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65, 0.87), but not in Scandinavian countries (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85, 1.17). These findings were further supported by the fact that American studies (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88, 0.98; per 1 glass/day), but not Scandinavian studies (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95, 1.07; per 1 glass/day), demonstrated a linear association between milk consumption and the risk of hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidence from prospective cohort studies reassuringly suggests that the risk of hip fracture may not be elevated among people who consume milk, yogurt, and cheese, and that a greater consumption of milk or yogurt may even be associated with a lower risk of hip fracture depending on the factors that may differ across the population of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidayat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - X Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - B-M Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - L-Q Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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9
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Oliveira MC, Pieters BCH, Guimarães PB, Duffles LF, Heredia JE, Silveira ALM, Oliveira ACC, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM, Silva TA, van de Loo FAJ, Macari S. Bovine Milk Extracellular Vesicles Are Osteoprotective by Increasing Osteocyte Numbers and Targeting RANKL/OPG System in Experimental Models of Bone Loss. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:891. [PMID: 32850743 PMCID: PMC7411003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying effects of milk components on bone may have a clinical impact as milk is highly associated with bone maintenance, and clinical studies provided controversial associations with dairy consumption. We aimed to evaluate the impact of milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs) on the dynamics of bone loss in mice. MEVs are nanoparticles containing proteins, mRNA and microRNA, and were supplemented into the drinking water of mice, either receiving diet-induced obesity or ovariectomy (OVX). Mice receiving mEVs were protected from the bone loss caused by diet-induced obesity. In a more severe model of bone loss, OVX, higher osteoclast numbers in the femur were found, which were lowered by mEV treatment. Additionally, the osteoclastogenic potential of bone marrow-derived precursor cells was lowered in mEV-treated mice. The reduced stiffness in the femur of OVX mice was consequently reversed by mEV treatment, accompanied by improvement in the bone microarchitecture. In general, the RANKL/OPG ratio increased systemically and locally in both models and was rescued by mEV treatment. The number of osteocytes, as primary regulators of the RANKL/OPG system, raised in the femur of the OVX mEVs-treated group compared to OVX non-treated mice. Also, the osteocyte cell line treated with mEVs demonstrated a lowered RANKL/OPG ratio. Thus, mEVs showed systemic and local osteoprotective properties in two mouse models of bone loss reflected in reduced osteoclast presence. Data reveal mEV potential in bone modulation, acting via osteocyte enhancement and RANKL/OPG regulation. We suggest that mEVs could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bartijn C H Pieters
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Polianna B Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Duffles
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joyce E Heredia
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana L M Silveira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda C C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tarcilia A Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Soraia Macari
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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10
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Fardellone P. The effect of milk consumption on bone and fracture incidence, an update. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:759-764. [PMID: 31030420 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Milk is a major source of high bioavailable calcium in most developed countries with an average calcium content of 1150 mg/L, providing a ready means of meeting the daily requirements. Its content in other minerals, phosphorus, vitamins, iodine, proteins, potassium and various nutrients is supposed to be beneficial for skeleton growth and bone strength. Studies on the effects of milk or whey extracts in animal trials and on surrogate markers in humanlike bone remodeling markers or bone mineral density and many observational studies in large cohorts show positive effects on bone health or risk of hip fracture. Nevertheless, a few contradictory epidemiological studies showed an increased risk of hip fractures in subjects drinking higher quantities of milk. These conflicting results may be due to the large number of confounders and methodological issues as recall bias. Most of the experts state that there are no proven effect of milk consumption on the risk of hip fractures in a way or the other. Of a scientific point of view, there is no reason to remove from the diet of large populations an aliment rich in calcium and other interesting nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Fardellone
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Nord, Place Victor Pauchet, 80054, Amiens Cedex 1, France.
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11
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Mangano KM, Noel SE, Sahni S, Tucker KL. Higher Dairy Intakes Are Associated with Higher Bone Mineral Density among Adults with Sufficient Vitamin D Status: Results from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:139-148. [PMID: 30601986 PMCID: PMC6501051 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy foods have been shown to improve bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Hispanic whites. Puerto Rican adults have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency than non-Hispanic whites. However, there is little understanding of lifestyle influences on bone in this population. Objective The aim of this study was to examine associations of dairy intakes with BMD among adults from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study with and without adequate serum vitamin D status. Methods A total of 904 participants in this cross-sectional analysis provided dietary intakes with a culturally tailored food-frequency questionnaire. Dairy food groups were calculated [total dairy, modified dairy (without cream or dairy desserts), fluid dairy (milk + yogurt), cheese, yogurt, and cream and desserts]. BMD (grams per centimeter squared) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≥20 ng/mL) or insufficient (<20 ng/mL). General linear models were used to examine associations between dairy intake and BMD, stratified by vitamin D status. Results Of the total sample, 73% were women, of whom 87% were postmenopausal. Mean ± SD age was 60.0 ± 7.6 y and mean ± SD body mass index (kg/m2) was 32.3 ± 6.6. Mean serum 25(OH)D (range: 4-48 ng/mL) was 14.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL in insufficient individuals and 26.0 ± 5.5 ng/mL in sufficient individuals. In the full sample, higher intakes of modified dairy foods (β = 0.0015, P = 0.02) and milk (β = 0.0018, P = 0.04) were associated with higher femoral neck (FN) BMD. Among those who were vitamin D sufficient, higher intakes of total dairy (P = 0.03-0.07), fluid dairy (P = 0.01-0.05), and milk (P = 0.02-0.09) were significantly related to higher FN and lumbar spine BMD, respectively. Among vitamin D-insufficient participants, dairy intakes were not associated with BMD (P-range = 0.11-0.94). Conclusions Dairy food intakes were associated with higher BMD among adults, particularly those with sufficient vitamin D status. Future studies should confirm findings longitudinally and assess culturally acceptable lifestyle interventions to improve bone health among Hispanic adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01231958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts–Lowell, Lowell, MA
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12
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Fuglsang-Nielsen R, Starup-Linde J, Gregersen S, Vestergaard P. The effect of meals on bone turnover - a systematic review with focus on diabetic bone disease. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:233-249. [PMID: 30234398 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1518131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) is increased and bone turnover is low in type 2 diabetes and the increased BMD does not explain the increased fracture risk. However, the low bone turnover may lead to insufficient bone renewal with unrepaired micro-cracks and thus increase fracture risk. Ingestion of food acutely decreases bone resorption markers and the macronutrient composition of meals and meal frequency may influence bone metabolism adversely in subjects with unhealthy eating patterns, e.g., patients with type 2 diabetes. AREAS COVERED The treatment strategy of bone disease in type 2 diabetics is covered in this review. The current management of diabetic bone disease consists of anti-osteoporotic treatment. However, anti-resorptives may further reduce an already low bone turnover with uncertain effects. Furthermore, the acute and long-term effects of meal ingestion, weight loss alone and in combination with exercise as well as the possible underlying mechanisms are covered in this systematic review. EXPERT COMMENTARY Current management of diabetic bone disease is based on principles of anti-osteoporotic treatment in non-diabetic subjects. However, studies are urged to investigate whether anti-resorptives are equally beneficial in type 2 diabetes as in non-diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakob Starup-Linde
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Søren Gregersen
- a Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine , Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- b Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- c Department of Endocrinology , Aalborg University Hospital , Denmark
- d Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University , Denmark
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13
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Rizzoli R, Biver E, Bonjour JP, Coxam V, Goltzman D, Kanis JA, Lappe J, Rejnmark L, Sahni S, Weaver C, Weiler H, Reginster JY. Benefits and safety of dietary protein for bone health-an expert consensus paper endorsed by the European Society for Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteopororosis, Osteoarthritis, and Musculoskeletal Diseases and by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1933-1948. [PMID: 29740667 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults suggests that dietary protein levels even above the current RDA may be beneficial in reducing bone loss and hip fracture risk, provided calcium intakes are adequate. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have addressed the benefits and risks of dietary protein intakes for bone health in adults. This narrative review of the literature summarizes and synthesizes recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses and highlights key messages. Adequate supplies of dietary protein are required for optimal bone growth and maintenance of healthy bone. Variation in protein intakes within the "normal" range accounts for 2-4% of BMD variance in adults. In older people with osteoporosis, higher protein intake (≥ 0.8-g/kg body weight/day, i.e., above the current RDA) is associated with higher BMD, a slower rate of bone loss, and reduced risk of hip fracture, provided that dietary calcium intakes are adequate. Intervention with dietary protein supplements attenuate age-related BMD decrease and reduce bone turnover marker levels, together with an increase in IGF-I and a decrease in PTH. There is no evidence that diet-derived acid load is deleterious for bone health. Thus, insufficient dietary protein intakes may be a more severe problem than protein excess in the elderly. Long-term, well-controlled randomized trials are required to further assess the influence of dietary protein intakes on fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - E Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - J-P Bonjour
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - V Coxam
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Goltzman
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - J A Kanis
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Catholic University of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Lappe
- College of Nursing, Creighton University, Creighton, NE, USA
| | - L Rejnmark
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Sahni
- Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Women's Global Health Institute, Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, Purdue, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Weiler
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J-Y Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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14
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Rogers TS, Demmer E, Rivera N, Gertz ER, German JB, Smilowitz JT, Zivkovic AM, Van Loan MD. The role of a dairy fraction rich in milk fat globule membrane in the suppression of postprandial inflammatory markers and bone turnover in obese and overweight adults: an exploratory study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:36. [PMID: 28529534 PMCID: PMC5436451 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with increased bone resorption; the role of inflammation in postprandial bone turnover has not been explored. Consumption of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) reduces inflammation in animal models. This study aimed to measure postprandial changes in bone turnover after intake of high saturated fat test meals, with- and without the anti-inflammatory ingredient MFGM. METHODS Subjects (n = 36 adults) were obese (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2) or overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) with two traits of Metabolic Syndrome. Subjects consumed a different test meal on four occasions at random; blood draws were taken at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 h postprandial. Test meals included whipping cream (WC), WC + MFGM, palm oil (PO) and PO + MFGM. Biomarkers of bone turnover and inflammation were analyzed from all four time points. RESULTS Test meal (treatment) by time interactions were significant for bone resorption marker C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) (p < 0.0001) and inflammatory marker interleukin 10 (IL-10) (p = 0.012). Significant differences in overall postprandial response among test meals were found for CTX and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), with the greatest overall postprandial suppression of CTX occurring in meals containing MFGM. However, test meal by MFGM interactions were non- significant for bone and inflammatory markers. Correlations between CTX and inflammatory markers were non-significant. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis advances the study of postprandial suppression of bone turnover by demonstrating differing effects of high SFA meals that contained MFGM; however MFGM alone did not directly moderate the difference in postprandial CTX response among test meals in this analysis. These observations may be useful for identifying foods and ingredients which maximize the suppression of bone resorption, and for generating hypotheses to test in future studies examining the role of inflammation in postprandial bone turnover. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01811329. Registered 11 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S. Rogers
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Elieke Demmer
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Nancy Rivera
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Erik R. Gertz
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Jennifer T. Smilowitz
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Marta D. Van Loan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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15
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Hussain SM, Cicuttini FM, Giles GG, Graves SE, Wluka AE, Wang Y. Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Incidence of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2017; 44:1066-1070. [PMID: 28507182 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine whether dairy product consumption was associated with the incidence of total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS There were 38,924 participants from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study who had dairy product consumption recorded in 1990-1994. The incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA during 2001-2013 was determined by linking cohort records to the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. RESULTS Over an average of 11.8 years of followup, 1505 total hip arthroplasties for OA were identified (524 in men, 981 in women). In men, a 1 SD increase in dairy product consumption was associated with a 21% increased incidence of total hip arthroplasty for OA (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.33), with a dose-response relationship observed for quartiles of dairy product consumption (p for trend = 0.001). These results were independent of age, body mass index, country of birth, education, smoking status, vigorous physical activity, calcium supplementation, energy consumption, circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D, hypertension, and diabetes. No significant association was observed for women (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09). CONCLUSION Increasing dairy product consumption was associated with an increased risk of total hip arthroplasty for men with OA, with no significant association observed for women. Understanding the mechanisms may help identify strategies to prevent hip OA, particularly for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Monira Hussain
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Graham G Giles
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Stephen E Graves
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Anita E Wluka
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,S.M. Hussain, PhD, Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; F.M. Cicuttini, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; G.G. Giles, PhD, Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria; S.E. Graves, DPhil, Director, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute; A.E. Wluka, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital; Y. Wang, PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital.
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16
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Durosier-Izart C, Biver E, Merminod F, van Rietbergen B, Chevalley T, Herrmann FR, Ferrari SL, Rizzoli R. Peripheral skeleton bone strength is positively correlated with total and dairy protein intakes in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:513-525. [PMID: 28077378 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.134676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively correlated with dietary protein intakes, which account for 1-8% of BMC and BMD variances. However, the relation between bone strength and microstructure, which are variables that are not captured by areal bone mineral density (aBMD), and dietary protein intakes, particularly from specific dietary sources, has not been clearly established. OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between the peripheral skeleton-predicted failure load and stiffness, bone microstructure, and dietary protein intakes from various origins (animal, divided into dairy and nondairy, and vegetable origins) in healthy postmenopausal women. DESIGN In a cross-sectional study in 746 Caucasian women aged 65.0 ± 1.4 y, we measured the aBMD with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the distal radius and tibia bone microstructures with the use of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computerized tomography, and bone strength with the use of a finite element analysis, and we evaluated dietary protein and calcium with the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Mean dietary calcium and protein intakes were greater than recommended amounts for this class of age. The predicted failure load and stiffness at the distal radius and tibia were positively associated with total, animal, and dairy protein intakes but not with vegetable protein intake. Failure load differences were accompanied by modifications of the aBMD and of cortical and trabecular bone microstructures. The associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for weight, height, physical activity, menopause duration, calcium intake, and the interaction between calcium and protein intake. A principal component analysis of the volumetric BMD and bone microstructure indicated that trabecular bone mainly contributed to the positive association between protein intakes and bone strength. CONCLUSIONS These results, which were recorded in a very homogeneous population of healthy postmenopausal women, indicate that there is a beneficial effect of animal and dairy protein intakes on bone strength and microstructure. Specifically, there is a positive association between the bone failure load and stiffness of the peripheral skeleton and dietary protein intake, which is mainly related to changes in the trabecular microstructure. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN11865958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Durosier-Izart
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Merminod
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands; and
| | - Thierry Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge L Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland;
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17
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Pulina G, Francesconi AHD, Stefanon B, Sevi A, Calamari L, Lacetera N, Dell’Orto V, Pilla F, Ajmone Marsan P, Mele M, Rossi F, Bertoni G, Crovetto GM, Ronchi B. Sustainable ruminant production to help feed the planet. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1260500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Agostino Sevi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell’Ambiente, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Calamari
- Istituto di Zootecnica, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Lacetera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dell’Orto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura Ambiente Alimenti, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertoni
- Istituto di Zootecnica, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Fardellone P, Séjourné A, Blain H, Cortet B, Thomas T. Osteoporosis: Is milk a kindness or a curse? Joint Bone Spine 2016; 84:275-281. [PMID: 27726930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk is often severely criticized as a cause of multiple health problems, including an increased risk of fractures. A close look at the scientific literature shows a striking contradiction. On the one hand, experimental studies of surrogate markers (e.g., bone turnover markers and bone mineral density [BMD]) usually indicate benefits from drinking cow's milk. On the other, the findings from epidemiological studies are conflicting and disconcerting. In all age groups, including children and postmenopausal women, consuming cow's milk, powdered milk supplements, or whey protein is associated with a slower bone turnover and unchanged or higher BMD values. These benefits are particularly marked in populations where calcium deficiency is prevalent, for instance in Asian countries. No interventional studies have addressed the fracture risk potentially associated with drinking cow's milk. The only available data come from epidemiological observational studies, whose results are conflicting, with a lower fracture risk in some cases and no difference or a higher risk in others. Several hypotheses have been offered to explain these findings, such as a deleterious effect of D-galactose, lactose intolerance, and acid overload. Epidemiological studies face many obstacles when seeking to detect effects of a single food, particularly the multiplicity of interactions among foods. Furthermore, reliable dietary intake data must be collected over prolonged periods, often long before the occurrence of a fracture, and defective recall may therefore introduce a major yet often unrecognized bias, particularly in populations where calcium deficiency is uncommon. To date, there is no conclusive evidence that we should modify our currently high level of consumption of cow's milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Fardellone
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Nord, Place Victor-Pauchet, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France; Inserm 1088, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France.
| | - Alice Séjourné
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Nord, Place Victor-Pauchet, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France; Inserm 1088, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Hubert Blain
- Centre de Prévention et de Traitement des Maladies du Vieillissement Antonin-Balmes, Centre Régional Equilibre et Prévention de la Chute du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, 39, avenue Charles-Flahault, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- EA 4490, Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpital Roger-Salengro, CHU Lille, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Unité de Rhumatologie, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Hôpital de Bellevue, 42055 Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
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19
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Rogers TS, Garrod MG, Peerson JM, Hillegonds DJ, Buchholz BA, Demmer E, Richardson C, Gertz ER, Van Loan MD. Is bone equally responsive to calcium and vitamin D intake from food vs. supplements? Use of (41)calcium tracer kinetic model. Bone Rep 2016; 5:117-23. [PMID: 27376110 PMCID: PMC4926806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few interventions directly compare equivalent calcium and vitamin D from dairy vs. supplements on the same bone outcomes. The radioisotope calcium-41 (41Ca) holds promise as a tracer method to directly measure changes in bone resorption with differing dietary interventions. Objective Using 41Ca tracer methodology, determine if 4 servings/day of dairy foods results in greater 41Ca retention than an equivalent amount of calcium and vitamin D from supplements. Secondary objective was to evaluate the time course for the change in 41Ca retention. Methods In this crossover trial, postmenopausal women (n = 12) were dosed orally with 100 nCi of 41Ca and after a 180 day equilibration period received dairy (4 servings/day of milk or yogurt; ~ 1300 mg calcium, 400 IU cholecalciferol (vitamin D3/day)) or supplement treatments (1200 mg calcium carbonate/day and 400 IU vitamin D3/day) in random order. Treatments lasted 6 weeks separated by a 6 week washout (WO). Calcium was extracted from weekly 24 h urine collections; accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used to determine the 41/40Ca ratio. Primary outcome was change in 41/40Ca excretion. Secondary outcome was the time course for change in 41Ca excretion during intervention and WO periods. Results The 41/40Ca ratio decreased significantly over time during both treatments; there was no difference between treatments. Both treatments demonstrated a significant retention of 41Ca within 1–2 weeks (p = 0.0007 and p < 0.001 for dairy and supplements, respectively). WO demonstrated a significant decrease (p = 0.0024) in 41Ca retention within 1–2 weeks, back to pre-intervention levels. Conclusion These data demonstrate that urinary 41Ca retention is increased with an increase in calcium and vitamin D intake regardless of the source of calcium, and the increased retention occurs within 1–2 weeks. Investigated, using 41Ca tracer, whether bone response to calcium and vitamin D differed based on the source of nutrients, foods vs. supplements. There was no difference in the bone response by treatment group. Both dairy foods and supplements resulted in reduce 41Ca excretion in urine. Reduction in 41Ca excretion occurred with 2 weeks of initiating the interventions. Removal of interventions resulted in 41Ca excretion returning to pre-intervention levels
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Key Words
- 41Ca
- 41Ca, calcium-41
- AI, adequate intake
- AMS, accelerator mass spectrometry
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAP, bone specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMI, body mass index
- CTx, serum C terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Calcium supplement
- DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Dairy
- ELISA, enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay
- HCl, hydrochloric acid
- Kinetic model
- NDSR, Nutrition Data System for Research
- NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- Postmenopausal
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- RDA, recommended dietary allowances
- WHNRC, Western Human Nutrition Research Center
- nCi, nanocurrie
- qCT, quantitative computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Rogers
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marjorie G Garrod
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Janet M Peerson
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Darren J Hillegonds
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Bruce A Buchholz
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Elieke Demmer
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Christine Richardson
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Erik R Gertz
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Marta D Van Loan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States; USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Oliveira MC, Di Ceglie I, Arntz OJ, van den Berg WB, van den Hoogen FHJ, Ferreira AVM, van Lent PLEM, van de Loo FAJ. Milk-Derived Nanoparticle Fraction Promotes the Formation of Small Osteoclasts But Reduces Bone Resorption. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:225-33. [PMID: 27138291 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The general consensus is that milk promotes bone growth and density because is a source of calcium and contains components that enhance intestinal calcium uptake or directly affect bone metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effect of bovine-derived milk 100,000 g pellet (P100), which contains nanoparticles (<220 nm) including extracellular vesicles, on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Bone marrow-derived osteoclast precursor cells were differentiated into osteoclasts by M-CSF and RANKL (control) and in the presence of milk P100. Milk P100 treatment until day 4 increased the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells and small (≤5 nuclei) osteoclasts. The number of large (≥6 nuclei) osteoclasts remained the same. These alterations were associated with increased expression of TRAP, NFATc1, and c-Fos. Cells seeded in a calcium-phosphate coated plate or bone slices showed reduced resorption area when exposed to milk P100 during the differentiation phase and even after osteoclast formation. Interestingly, milk P100 treatment enhanced Cathepsin K expression but reduced Carbonic Anhydrase 2 gene expression. Moreover, intracellular acid production was also decreased by milk P100 treatment. Oral delivery of milk P100 to female DBA1/J mice for 7 weeks did not alter bone area; however, increased osteoclast number and area in tibia without changes in serum RANKL and CTX-I levels. We showed for the first time the effect of milk P100 on osteoclast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo and found that milk P100 increased the formation of small osteoclasts but this does not lead to more bone resorption probably due to reduced acid secretion. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 225-233, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Oliveira
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Irene Di Ceglie
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Oliveira MC, Arntz OJ, Blaney Davidson EN, van Lent PLEM, Koenders MI, van der Kraan PM, van den Berg WB, Ferreira AVM, van de Loo FAJ. Milk extracellular vesicles accelerate osteoblastogenesis but impair bone matrix formation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 30:74-84. [PMID: 27012623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The claimed beneficial effect of milk on bone is still a matter for debate. Recently extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain proteins and RNA were discovered in milk, but their effect on bone formation has not yet been determined. We demonstrated previously that bovine milk-derived EVs (BMEVs) have immunoregulatory properties. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of BMEVs on osteogenesis by mice and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Oral delivery of two concentrations of BMEVs to female DBA/1J mice during 7weeks did not alter the tibia trabecular bone area; however, the osteocytes number increased. In addition, the highest dose of BMEVs markedly increased the woven bone tissue, which is more brittle. The exposure of hMSCs to BMEVs during 21days resulted in less mineralization but higher cell proliferation. Interestingly BMEVs reduced the collagen production, but enhanced the expression of genes characteristic for immature osteoblasts. A kinetic study showed that BMEVs up-regulated many osteogenic genes within the first 4days. However, the production of type I collagen and expression of its genes (COL1A1 and COL1A2) were markedly reduced at days 21 and 28. At day 28, BMEVs again lead to higher proliferation, but mineralization was significantly increased. This was associated with increased expression of sclerostin, a marker for osteocytes, and reduced osteonectin, which is associated to bone matrix formation. Our study adds BMEVs to the list of milk components that can affect bone formation and may shed new light on the contradictory claims of milk on bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Oliveira
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adaliene V M Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Rizzoli R, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Dawson-Hughes B, Weaver C. Nutrition and bone health in women after the menopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:599-608. [PMID: 25482487 DOI: 10.2217/whe.14.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects one out of three postmenopausal women. Their remaining lifetime risk of fragility fractures exceeds that of breast cancer. The risk of osteoporosis and/or fragility fractures can be reduced through healthy lifestyle changes. These include adequate dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin D and protein, regular weight-bearing exercise, reduction in alcohol intake and smoking cessation. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women recommends a daily intake of at least 1000 mg/day for calcium, 800 IU/day for vitamin D and 1 g/kg body weight of protein for all women aged over 50 years. The development of programs that encourage lifestyle changes (in particular balanced nutrient intakes) are therefore essential for the reduction of osteoporosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether increasing calcium intake from dietary sources affects bone mineral density (BMD) and, if so, whether the effects are similar to those of calcium supplements. DESIGN Random effects meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES Ovid Medline, Embase, Pubmed, and references from relevant systematic reviews. Initial searches were undertaken in July 2013 and updated in September 2014. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium or calcium supplements (with or without vitamin D) in participants aged over 50 with BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, total body, or forearm as an outcome. RESULTS We identified 59 eligible randomised controlled trials: 15 studied dietary sources of calcium (n=1533) and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=12,257). Increasing calcium intake from dietary sources increased BMD by 0.6-1.0% at the total hip and total body at one year and by 0.7-1.8% at these sites and the lumbar spine and femoral neck at two years. There was no effect on BMD in the forearm. Calcium supplements increased BMD by 0.7-1.8% at all five skeletal sites at one, two, and over two and a half years, but the size of the increase in BMD at later time points was similar to the increase at one year. Increases in BMD were similar in trials of dietary sources of calcium and calcium supplements (except at the forearm), in trials of calcium monotherapy versus co-administered calcium and vitamin D, in trials with calcium doses of ≥ 1000 versus <1000 mg/day and ≤ 500 versus >500 mg/day, and in trials where the baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 versus ≥ 800 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS Increasing calcium intake from dietary sources or by taking calcium supplements produces small non-progressive increases in BMD, which are unlikely to lead to a clinically significant reduction in risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Tai
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William Leung
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Grey
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ian R Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark J Bolland
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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24
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Burckhardt P. Calcium revisited, part III: effect of dietary calcium on BMD and fracture risk. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:708. [PMID: 26331006 PMCID: PMC4549924 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Food can be an excellent source of calcium. Dietary calcium is in general as well absorbed as calcium supplements, and exerts the same effects on bone. The main sources are dairy products, but also some vegetables and fruits contain considerable amounts of calcium. Mineral water can serve as a supplement. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and some interventional trials have shown positive effects on bone metabolism, bone density and bone loss. But the effect on fracture incidence is less certain, and that of milk, the most studied dairy product, still unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Burckhardt
- Osteoporosis Clinic, Hirslanden Clinic/Bois Cerf, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and related fractures are well-known severe conditions affecting quality of life and life expectancy of postmenopausal women, with high economic costs in Europe. On behalf of The Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Società Italiana di Ginecologia ed Ostetricia, SIGO), the Osteoporosis's Menopausal Epidemiological Risk Observation (O.M.E.R.O.) study, a national multicenter study on clinical risk factors of OP was organized, using FRAX® tool as a reference. Here, data from this study are presented, showing an important portion of Italian postmenopausal women affected by osteopenia/OP at high risk of fracture and the need to do prevention and/or treatment. Gynecologist can be a primary specialist in this important challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lello
- a Department of Woman and Child Health , Catholic University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberto Sorge
- b Laboratory of Biometry , University of Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy , and
| | - Nicola Surico
- c Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Novara , Novara , Italy
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26
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Abstract
Bone mass, geometry and microstructure, and bony tissue material level properties determine bone strength, hence the resistance to fracture. At a given age, all these variables are the consequence of the amount accumulated and of the structure developed during growth, up to the so-called peak bone mass, and of the bone loss and microstructure degradation occurring later in life. Genetic factors primarily contribute to the variance of the determinants of bone strength. Nutritional intakes are environmental factors that influence both processes, either directly by modifying modelling and remodelling, or indirectly through changes in calcitropic hormone secretion and action. Some effects of nutrition on the offspring bone could take place during foetal life. There are interplays between genetic factors, nutritional intakes and physical exercise. Among the nutrients, sufficient dietary intakes of calcium and protein are necessary for bone health in childhood and adolescence as well as later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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27
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Biochemical markers for assessment of calcium economy and bone metabolism: application in clinical trials from pharmaceutical agents to nutritional products. Nutr Res Rev 2014; 27:252-67. [PMID: 25394580 PMCID: PMC4307651 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422414000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Substantial progress in both laboratory analyses and clinical use of biochemical markers has modified the strategy of anti-osteoporotic drug development. The present review examines the use of biochemical markers in clinical research aimed at characterising the influence of foods or nutrients on bone metabolism. The two types of markers are: (i) specific hormonal factors related to bone; and (ii) bone turnover markers (BTM) that reflect bone cell metabolism. Of the former, vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I indicate responses to variations in the supply of bone-related nutrients, such as vitamin D, Ca, inorganic phosphate and protein. Thus modification in bone remodelling, the key process upon which both pharmaceutical agents and nutrients exert their anti-catabolic or anabolic actions, is revealed. Circulating BTM reflect either osteoclastic resorption or osteoblastic formation. Intervention with pharmacological agents showed that early changes in BTM predicted bone loss and subsequent osteoporotic fracture risk. New trials have documented the influence of nutrition on bone-tropic hormonal factors and BTM in adults, including situations of body-weight change, such as anorexia nervosa, and weight loss by obese subjects. In osteoporosis-prevention studies involving dietary manipulation, randomised cross-over trials are best suited to evaluate influences on bone metabolism, and insight into effects on bone metabolism may be gained within a relatively short time when biochemical markers are monitored.
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28
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Abstract
Fracture risk is determined by bone mass, geometry, and microstructure, which result from peak bone mass (the amount attained at the end of pubertal growth) and from the amount of bone lost subsequently. Nutritional intakes are an important environmental factor that influence both bone mass accumulation during childhood and adolescence and bone loss that occurs in later life. Bone growth is influenced by dietary intake, particularly of calcium and protein. Adequate dietary calcium and protein are essential to achieve optimal peak bone mass during skeletal growth and to prevent bone loss in the elderly. Dairy products are rich in nutrients that are essential for good bone health, including calcium, protein, vitamin D, potassium, phosphorus, and other micronutrients and macronutrients. Studies supporting the beneficial effects of milk or dairy products on bone health show a significant inverse association between dairy food intake and bone turnover markers and a positive association with bone mineral content. Fortified dairy products induce more favorable changes in biochemical indexes of bone metabolism than does calcium supplementation alone. The associations between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of hip fracture are less well established, although yogurt intake shows a weakly positive protective trend for hip fracture. By consuming 3 servings of dairy products per day, the recommended daily intakes of nutrients essential for good bone health may be readily achieved. Dairy products could therefore improve bone health and reduce the risk of fractures in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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29
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Eysteinsdottir T, Halldorsson TI, Thorsdottir I, Sigurdsson G, Sigurðsson S, Harris T, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Gunnarsdottir I, Steingrimsdottir L. Milk consumption throughout life and bone mineral content and density in elderly men and women. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:663-72. [PMID: 23948877 PMCID: PMC4948942 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Association between bone mineral density and bone mineral content in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and old age was assessed. The association was strongest for milk consumption in midlife: those drinking milk daily or more often had higher bone mineral density and content in old age than those drinking milk seldom or never. INTRODUCTION The role of lifelong milk consumption for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in old age is not clear. Here we assess the association between hip BMD and BMC in old age and milk consumption in adolescence, midlife, and current old age. METHODS Participants of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, aged 66-96 years (N = 4,797), reported retrospective milk intake during adolescence and midlife as well as in current old age, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. BMC of femoral neck and trochanteric area was measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography and BMD obtained. Association was assessed using linear regression models. Differences in BMC, bone volume, and BMD in relation to milk intake were portrayed as gender-specific Z-scores. RESULTS Men consuming milk ≥ once/day during midlife had 0.21 higher Z-scores for BMD and 0.18 for BMC in femoral neck (95 % confidence interval 0.05-0.39 and 0.01-0.35, respectively) compared with < once/week. Results were comparable for trochanter. For women the results were similar, with slightly lower differences according to midlife milk consumption. For current and adolescent milk consumption, differences in Z-scores were smaller and only reached statistical significance in the case of BMD for current consumption in men, while this association was less pronounced for BMC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that regular milk consumption throughout life, from adolescence to old age, is associated with higher BMC and BMD in old age, with no differences seen in bone volume. The strongest associations are seen for midlife milk consumption in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Eysteinsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T. I. Halldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I. Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G. Sigurdsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - T. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L. J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V. Gudnason
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - I. Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - L. Steingrimsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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30
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Takeda E, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Taketani Y. Increasing dietary phosphorus intake from food additives: potential for negative impact on bone health. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:92-7. [PMID: 24425727 PMCID: PMC3884105 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.004002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to consider whether habitual high phosphorus intake adversely affects bone health, because phosphorus intake has been increasing, whereas calcium intake has been decreasing in dietary patterns. A higher total habitual dietary phosphorus intake has been associated with higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lower serum calcium concentrations in healthy individuals. Higher serum PTH concentrations have been shown in those who consume foods with phosphorus additives. These findings suggest that long-term dietary phosphorus loads and long-term hyperphosphatemia may have important negative effects on bone health. In contrast, PTH concentrations did not increase as a result of high dietary phosphorus intake when phosphorus was provided with adequate amounts of calcium. Intake of foods with a ratio of calcium to phosphorus close to that found in dairy products led to positive effects on bone health. Several randomized controlled trials have shown positive relations between dairy intake and bone mineral density. In our loading test with a low-calcium, high-phosphorus lunch provided to healthy young men, serum PTH concentrations showed peaks at 1 and 6 h, and serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations increased significantly at 8 h after the meal. In contrast, the high-calcium, high-phosphorus meal suppressed the second PTH and FGF23 elevations until 8 h after the meal. This implies that adequate dietary calcium intake is needed to overcome the interfering effects of high phosphorus intake on PTH and FGF23 secretion. FGF23 acts on the parathyroid gland to decrease PTH mRNA and PTH secretion in rats with normal kidney function. However, increased serum FGF23 is an early alteration of mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease, causing secondary hyperthyroidism, and implying resistance of the parathyroid gland to the action of FGF23 in chronic kidney disease. These findings suggest that long-term high-phosphorus diets may impair bone health mediated by FGF23 resistance both in chronic kidney disease patients and in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Takeda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai University, Echizen City, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan; and
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Bonjour JP, Benoit V, Payen F, Kraenzlin M. Consumption of yogurts fortified in vitamin D and calcium reduces serum parathyroid hormone and markers of bone resorption: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in institutionalized elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2915-21. [PMID: 23653431 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nutritional prevention of bone deterioration with fortified foods seems particularly suitable in institutionalized elderly women at risk of vitamin D deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone resorption, and osteoporotic fracture. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate whether fortification of yogurts with vitamin D and calcium exerts an additional lowering effect on serum PTH and bone resorption markers as compared with isocaloric and isoprotein dairy products in elderly women. DESIGN A randomized double-blind controlled-trial, 56-day intervention was conducted in institutionalized women (mean age 85.5 years) consuming 2 125-g servings of either vitamin D- and calcium-fortified yogurt (FY) at supplemental levels of 10 μg/d vitamin D₃ and 800 mg/d calcium or nonfortified control yogurt (CY) providing 280 mg/d calcium. MAIN OUTCOMES The endpoints were serum changes from baseline (day 0) to day 28 and day 56 in 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD), PTH, and bone resorption markers tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform-5b (TRAP5b), the primary outcome, and carboxyl-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). RESULTS At day 56, serum 25OHD increased (mean ± SEM) by 25.3 ± 1.8 vs 5.2 ± 2.5 nmol/L in FY (n = 29) and CY (n = 27), respectively (P < .0001). The corresponding changes in PTH were -28.6% ± 7.2% vs -8.0% ± 4.3% (P = .0003); in TRAP5b, -21.9% ± 4.3% vs 3.0% ± 3.2% (P < .0001); and in CTX, -11.0% ± 9.7% vs -3.0% ± 4.1% (P = .0146), in FY and CY, respectively. At day 28, these differences were less pronounced but already significant for 25OHD, PTH, and TRAP5b. CONCLUSIONS This study in institutionalized elderly at high risk for osteoporotic fracture suggests that fortification of dairy products with vitamin D₃ and calcium provides a greater prevention of accelerated bone resorption as compared with nonfortified equivalent foods.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Phosphatase/blood
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers/blood
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration & dosage
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/metabolism
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Resorption/epidemiology
- Bone Resorption/etiology
- Bone Resorption/prevention & control
- Calcium, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Calcium, Dietary/therapeutic use
- Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage
- Cholecalciferol/metabolism
- Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use
- Collagen Type I/blood
- Double-Blind Method
- Female
- Food, Fortified/analysis
- France/epidemiology
- Homes for the Aged
- Humans
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/blood
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/diet therapy
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/epidemiology
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology
- Isoenzymes/blood
- Nursing Homes
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/blood
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diet therapy
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/epidemiology
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/etiology
- Osteoporotic Fractures/epidemiology
- Osteoporotic Fractures/etiology
- Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- Peptides/blood
- Risk
- Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
- Vitamin D Deficiency/blood
- Vitamin D Deficiency/diet therapy
- Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiology
- Vitamin D Deficiency/etiology
- Yogurt/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bonjour
- Division of Bone Diseases, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Bonjour JP, Kraenzlin M, Levasseur R, Warren M, Whiting S. Dairy in adulthood: from foods to nutrient interactions on bone and skeletal muscle health. J Am Coll Nutr 2013; 32:251-63. [PMID: 24024770 PMCID: PMC3836362 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.816604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The risk of fragility fractures exponentially increases with aging. Reduced mass and strength of both bone in osteoporosis and skeletal muscle in sarcopenia play a key role in the age-related incidence of fragility fractures. Undernutrition is often observed in the elderly, particularly in those subjects experiencing osteoporotic fractures, more likely as a cause than a consequence. Calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi), vitamin D, and protein are nutrients that impact bone and skeletal muscle integrity. Deficiency in the supply of these nutrients increases with aging. Dairy foods are rich in Ca, Pi, and proteins and in many countries are fortified with vitamin D. Dairy foods are important souces of these nutrients and go a long way to meeting the recommendations, which increase with aging. This review emphaszes the interactions between these 4 nutrients, which, along with physical activity, act through cellular and physiological pathways favoring the maintenance of both bone and skeletal muscle structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bonjour
- Division of Bone Disease, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marius Kraenzlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital, Bale, SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Michelle Warren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Susan Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, CANADA
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Bonjour JP, Benoit V, Rousseau B, Souberbielle JC. Consumption of vitamin D-and calcium-fortified soft white cheese lowers the biochemical marker of bone resorption TRAP 5b in postmenopausal women at moderate risk of osteoporosis fracture. J Nutr 2012; 142:698-703. [PMID: 22357739 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.153692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of increased bone remodeling in postmenopausal women at low 10-y risk of osteoporotic fractures essentially relies on reinforcement of environmental factors known to positively influence bone health, among which nutrition plays an important role. In institutionalized women in their mid-eighties, we previously found that consumption of fortified soft plain cheese increased vitamin D, calcium, and protein intakes, reduced bone resorption biochemical markers, particularly the serum bone specific acid phosphatase tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, isoform 5b (TRAP 5b) that reflects osteoclast activity, and stimulated the serum bone anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Whether these effects occur in much younger women was tested in a prospective control study. Seventy-one healthy postmenopausal women aged 56.6 ± 3.9 y (mean ± SD) with low spontaneous supply of both Ca and vitamin D were randomized to consume daily (treated, n = 36) or not (controls, n = 35) two servings (2 × 100 g) of skimmed-milk, soft plain cheese for 6 wk. The vitamin D and Ca-fortified dairy product provided daily: 661 kJ, 2.5 μg vitamin D, 400 mg calcium, and 13.8 g protein. At the end of the intervention, the decrease in TRAP 5b and the increase in IGF-I were greater in the treated than in the control group (P < 0.02). The changes in serum carboxy terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen did not differ significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, like in elderly women, consumption by healthy postmenopausal women of a vitamin D and calcium-fortified dairy product that also increases the protein intake, reduces the serum concentration of the bone resorption biomarker TRAP 5b. This response, combined with the increase in serum IGF-I, is compatible with a nutrition-induced reduction in postmenopausal bone loss rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bonjour
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis Prevention, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Devogelaer JP, Boutsen Y, Gruson D, Manicourt D. Is there a place for bone turnover markers in the assessment of osteoporosis and its treatment? Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012; 37:365-86, v-vi. [PMID: 22023897 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As populations age, the number of osteoporotic fractures will increase. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement remains the major way to diagnose osteoporosis and to indicate therapy. The FRAX tool, based on clinical risk factors, estimates the 10-year risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures. The association of BMD and FRAX measurements has improved the identification of patients who are most at risk. However, some patients can still be overlooked and denied therapy. It is sound that adding the measure of bone turnover markers to the former risk factors and their follow-up during therapy could best address the efficacy of treatment of osteoporosis. Whether this behavior is cost-effective remains to be settled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Division of Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, UCL 5390, Université Catholique de Louvain in Brussels, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Caroli A, Poli A, Ricotta D, Banfi G, Cocchi D. Invited review: Dairy intake and bone health: A viewpoint from the state of the art. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:5249-62. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ferrar L, van der Hee RM, Berry M, Watson C, Miret S, Wilkinson J, Bradburn M, Eastell R. Effects of calcium-fortified ice cream on markers of bone health. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:2721-31. [PMID: 21170641 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Premenopausal women with low calcium intakes consumed calcium-fortified ice cream daily for 28 days. Bone markers, NTX, CTX and PTH decreased significantly by 7 days, with some evidence of a calcium dose-dependent effect. Bone marker responses were observed within 1 h of consuming ice cream. Body weight remained constant over 28 days. INTRODUCTION Dietary calcium is important for lifelong bone health. Milk is a good source of bioavailable calcium, but consumption has declined among young adults. The aims were to determine whether calcium-fortified ice cream, a palatable source of calcium, produces significant, sustainable changes in bone turnover markers and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in premenopausal women with calcium intake below recommended UK levels. METHODS Eighty women, ages 20-39 years (calcium intake <750 mg/day) were randomised to consume lower saturated fat/sugar ice cream containing 96, 244, 459 or 676 mg calcium daily for 28 days. Urinary NTX/Cr, serum CTX, PINP, 1,25D and PTH were measured (baseline, days 1, 7 and 28). Acute changes in CTX and PTH were measured over 5 h (n = 29 women). RESULTS There were significant mean decreases by 7 days in NTX/Cr, CTX, PTH and 1,25D and increases in PINP (one sample t tests), with a significant dose-dependent effect on CTX analysis of covariance. Only CTX remained suppressed at 28 days. Serum CTX and PTH decreased within 1 h. Body weight did not change significantly between baseline and 28 days. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of calcium-fortified ice cream by premenopausal women may significantly reduce levels of the bone resorption marker serum CTX, without stimulating weight gain. The ice cream could be incorporated into the diet to replace low-calcium snacks and thus help individuals with habitually low calcium intakes to meet recommended intakes. The 244 mg calcium preparation would provide more than a quarter of the UK daily recommended nutrient intake for premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrar
- Sheffield NIHR Bone Biomedical Research Unit, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospital Foundation Trust, Centre for Biomedical Research, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, South Yorkshire, UK
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Hamidi M, Tarasuk V, Corey P, Cheung AM. Association between the Healthy Eating Index and bone turnover markers in US postmenopausal women aged ≥45 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:199-208. [PMID: 21562084 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.009605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have reported that overall diet quality affects bone status in postmenopausal women; however, the findings are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to examine the association between overall diet quality and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal women aged ≥45 y by using the Healthy Eating Index 2005 (HEI-2005)-a diet quality-assessment tool-developed by the US Department of Agriculture. Our secondary objective was to explore the associations between the components of the HEI-2005 and the MyPyramid food groups and BTMs. DESIGN We used cross-sectional data from NHANES 1999-2002. Multiple regression models with adjustments for relevant confounders were used to examine the relation between the total HEI-2005 score and its components and food groups and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), a biomarker of bone formation, and urinary N-telopeptides/creatinine (uNTx/Cr), a biomarker of bone resorption. RESULTS No association was found between the total HEI-2005 score and BTMs. The milk group component of HEI-2005 had a significant negative linear relation with uNTx/Cr. Women in the lowest tertile of the MyPyramid milk group had the highest uNTx/Cr. Those in the highest tertile of energy-adjusted added sugar intake had the highest BAP. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the ability of a healthy diet with adequate dairy intake to promote bone health in aging women. However, we found that the HEI-2005 is not a good measure of healthy eating for optimal bone health. Further research is needed to develop an overall dietary assessment tool in relation to bone health for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hamidi
- Women's Health and Osteoporosis Programs, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Bonjour JP, Benoit V, Pourchaire O, Rousseau B, Souberbielle JC. Nutritional approach for inhibiting bone resorption in institutionalized elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency and high prevalence of fracture. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:404-9. [PMID: 21528169 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional approach to the deterioration of bone integrity and increased fracture risk appears to be particularly appropriate in elderly women living in nursing homes. OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial effect of the consumption of soft plain cheese on bone resorption markers in institutionalized elderly women. DESIGN Prospective, randomized crossover controlled study. SETTING Six French nursing homes or other institutions for elderly. PARTICIPANTS Institutionalized women ≥ 65 years old with low vitamin D status and calcium intake below 700 mg/day. INTERVENTION Consumption of soft plain cheese made of semi-skimmed milk which was fortified by both vitamin D3 (+1.25 µg/100g) and milk extracted Ca, thus achieving a total Ca content of 151 mg/100g as compared to about 118 mg/100g for standard fresh cheese. Two servings were taken every day during the 6 weeks that preceded or followed a period of 6 weeks without soft plain cheese consumption. MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was the change in serum carboxy terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) selected as a marker of bone resorption. RESULTS 29 women aged 73-94 yr were selected, 21 of them with mean age 87.2±6.1 years remained compliant. The intervention increased calcium and protein intakes by 51% (904±228 vs. 599±122 mg/d) and 33 % (74.2±17.1 vs. 55.6±12.7 g/d, mean±SD), respectively. The dietary intervention was associated with a statistically significant increase in serum levels of both 25OHD and IGF-I, while those of [corrected] CTX and TRAP5b were significantly reduced. Compliance was 93,4 %. The daily consumption of two servings of soft plain cheese was well accepted in terms of tastiness and appetite suited portion size. CONCLUSION This randomized crossover controlled trial demonstrates that in elderly women living in nursing homes, the consumption of soft plain cheese increasing the supply of vitamin D, calcium and proteins, could reduce bone resorption and thereby reduce the risk of incidental fragility fractures in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Bonjour
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Suhara W, Koide H, Okuzawa T, Hayashi D, Hashimoto T, Kojo H. Cow's milk increases the activities of human nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ and retinoid X receptor α involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, obesity, and inflammation. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:4180-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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