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Cheng Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang N, Liu F, Jiao Y. In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activities of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium Strains from Healthy Children's Sources and Their Effect on Stimulating GLP-1 Secretion in STC-1 Cells. Foods 2024; 13:519. [PMID: 38397496 PMCID: PMC10887728 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A long-term use of chemical drugs cannot cure type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their numerous toxic side effects can be harmful to human health. In recent years, probiotics have emerged as a natural resource to replace chemical drugs in alleviating many human ailments. Healthy children's intestines have a lot of colonized Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium, and these beneficial bacteria can help promote overall health. The objective of this study was to isolate potential antidiabetic probiotic strains from healthy children and evaluate their application prospects. Firstly, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were isolated from healthy children's feces and identified by the pheS or clpC genes with their respective 16S rRNA genes. Then, hydrophobicity, artificial gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, α-Glucosidase and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities of isolated strains were determined, and antioxidant activities and promoting secretion of GLP-1 in STC-1 cells of candidate strains were tested. Results showed that 6 strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were obtained from the feces of healthy children aged 3 years, respectively, including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-21 and L-25, Levilactobacillus brevis L-16, Lentilactobacillus buchneri L-9, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-8 and L-3, Bifidobacterium bifidum 11-1 and B-84, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 6-1, 6-2, B42 and B53. The hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation levels of all these strains were higher than 30% and 50%, respectively, and the decrease in the number of colonies of all strains in the artificial gastrointestinal fluid was less than 2 log CFU/mL. Strains L-3, L-8, L-9, L-21, 6-1, 11-1, B53 and B84 were selected based on their high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, and results of the antioxidant capacity assay showed that the remaining strains all had intense comprehensive antioxidant activity. Additionally, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-21 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum B-53 had the most substantial prompting effect on GLP-1 secretion in the STC-1 cell line. These results indicated that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L-21 and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum B-53 could be used as a potential antidiabetic strain; thus, its application as a food supplement and drug ingredient could be recommended after in vivo mitigation of type II diabetes test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jingru Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science-Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Z.C.); (J.C.); (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (N.Z.)
| | - Yuehua Jiao
- Center of Drug Safety Evaluation, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Ludfiani DD, Asmara W, Arianti FD. Enzyme characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from duck excreta. Vet World 2024; 17:143-149. [PMID: 38406367 PMCID: PMC10884574 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.143-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The production of lignocellulosic biomass waste in the agricultural sector of Indonesia is quite high annually. Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass waste through fermentation technology can be used as feed and biofuel. Fermentation technology requires the involvement of micro-organisms such as bacteria (lactic acid bacteria or LAB). LABs can be isolated from various sources, such as duck excreta. However, there have not been many reports of LAB from duck excreta. The present study aimed to characterize LAB enzymes isolated from duck excreta and obtain LAB enzymes with superior fermentation properties. Materials and Methods A total of 11 LAB cultures obtained from duck excreta in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, were tested. Enzyme characterization of each LAB was performed using the API ZYM kit (BioMérieux, Marcy-I'Etoile, France). The bacterial cell suspension was dropped onto the API ZYM™ cupule using a pipette and incubated for 4 h at 37°C. After incubation, ZYM A and ZYM B were dripped onto the API ZYM cupule, and color changes were observed for approximately 10 s under a strong light source. Results Esterase activity was moderate for all LABs. The activity of α-chymotrypsin, β-glucuronidase, α-fucosidase, and α-mannosidase was not observed in a total of 10 LAB. The phosphohydrolase and amino peptidase enzyme activity of seven LABs was strong. Only six LAB samples showed protease activity. The glycosyl hydrolase (GH) activity was observed in a total of 8 LAB, while the activity of 2 LAB was strong (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis K5 and Lactobacillus brevis M4A). Conclusion A total of 2 LABs have superior properties. L. lactis subsp. lactis K5 and L. brevis M4A have a high potential to be used in fermentation. They have the potential for further research, such as their effectiveness in fermentation, lignocellulose hydrolysis, feed additives, molecular characterization to detect specific enzymes, and their specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dini Dwi Ludfiani
- Research Center for Sustainable Production Systems and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Widya Asmara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Forita Dyah Arianti
- Research Center for Sustainable Production Systems and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
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Lee HB, Bang WY, Shin GR, Jeon HJ, Jung YH, Yang J. Isolation, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation of the Novel Probiotic Strain Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IDCC 3401 via Genomic and Phenotypic Approaches. Microorganisms 2023; 12:85. [PMID: 38257912 PMCID: PMC10821444 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the safety and properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IDCC 3401 as a novel probiotic strain via genomic and phenotypic analyses. In whole-genome sequencing, the genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence were not detected in this strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration test revealed that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, except for kanamycin. Furthermore, the strain did not produce toxigenic compounds, such as biogenic amines and D-lactate, nor did it exhibit significant toxicity in a single-dose acute oral toxicity test in rats. Phenotypic characterization of carbohydrate utilization and enzymatic activities indicated that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 can utilize various nutrients, allowing it to grow in deficient conditions and produce health-promoting metabolites. The presence of L. paracasei IDCC 3401 supernatants significantly inhibited the growth of enteric pathogens (p < 0.05). In addition, the adhesion ability of L. paracasei IDCC 3401 to intestinal epithelial cells was found to be as superior as that of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. These results suggest that L. paracasei IDCC 3401 is safe for consumption and provides health benefits to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bin Lee
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si 17957, Republic of Korea; (H.B.L.); (W.Y.B.)
| | - Won Yeong Bang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si 17957, Republic of Korea; (H.B.L.); (W.Y.B.)
| | - Gyu Ri Shin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.R.S.); (H.J.J.)
| | - Hyeon Ji Jeon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.R.S.); (H.J.J.)
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (G.R.S.); (H.J.J.)
| | - Jungwoo Yang
- Ildong Bioscience, Pyeongtaek-si 17957, Republic of Korea; (H.B.L.); (W.Y.B.)
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Rosas-Val P, Adhami M, Brotons-Canto A, Gamazo C, Irache JM, Larrañeta E. 3D printing of microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus for oral delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123058. [PMID: 37207858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
3D Printing is an innovative technology within the pharma and food industries that allows the design and manufacturing of novel delivery systems. Orally safe delivery of probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract faces several challenges regarding bacterial viability, in addition to comply with commercial and regulatory standpoints. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 (Lr) was microencapsulated in generally recognised as safe (GRAS) proteins, and then assessed for robocasting 3D printing. Microparticles (MP-Lr) were developed and characterised, prior to being 3D printed with pharmaceutical excipients. MP-Lr showed a size of 12.3 ± 4.1 µm and a non-uniform wrinkled surface determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Bacterial quantification by plate counting accounted for 8.68 ±0.6 CFU/g of live bacteria encapsulated within. Formulations were able to keep the bacterial dose constant upon contact with gastric and intestinal pH. Printlets consisted in oval-shape formulations (15 mm × 8 mm × 3.2 mm) of ca. 370 mg of total weight, with a uniform surface. After the 3D printing process, bacterial viability remained even as MP-Lr protected bacteria alongside the process (log reduction of 0.52, p>0.05) in comparison with non-encapsulated probiotic (log reduction of 3.05). Moreover, microparticle size was not altered during the 3D printing process. We confirmed the success of this technology for developing an orally safe formulation, GRAS category, of microencapsulated Lr for gastrointestinal vehiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rosas-Val
- Nucaps Nanotechnology S.L., Spain; Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Navarra, Spain
| | - Juan M Irache
- Department of Technology & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Spain
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Cappello C, Acin-Albiac M, Pinto D, Polo A, Filannino P, Rinaldi F, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Do nomadic lactobacilli fit as potential vaginal probiotics? The answer lies in a successful selective multi-step and scoring approach. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:27. [PMID: 36774510 PMCID: PMC9921609 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to create a multi-strain probiotic gel that would foster a lactobacilli-dominated vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and ensure appropriate eubiosis for the newborn. Nomadic lactobacilli (95 strains), mostly isolated from food sources, were preliminarily screened for functional traits before being characterized for their capability to inhibit the two vaginal pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans, which may lead to adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. Eight best-performing strains were chosen and furtherly investigated for their ability to produce biofilm. Lastly, the two selected potential probiotic candidates were analyzed in vitro for their ability to reduce the inflammation caused by C. albicans infection on the reconstituted human vaginal epithelium (HVE). RESULTS Lactiplantibacillus plantarum produced both isomers of lactic acid, while Lacticaseibacillus paracasei produced only L-isomer. The production of hydrogen peroxide was strain-dependent, with the highest concentrations found within Lact. paracasei strains. The auto-aggregation capacity and hydrophobicity traits were species-independent. S. agalactiae 88II3 was strongly inhibited both at pH 7.0 and 4.0, whereas the inhibition of C. albicans UNIBZ54 was less frequent. Overall, L. plantarum strains had the highest pathogen inhibition and functional scoring. L. plantarum C5 and POM1, which were selected as potential probiotic candidates also based on their ability to form biofilms, were able to counteract the inflammation process caused by C. albicans infection in the HVE model. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-step and cumulative scoring-based approach was proven successful in mining and highlighting the probiotic potential of two nomadic lactobacilli strains (L. plantarum C5 and POM1), being applicable to preserve and improve human vaginal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cappello
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marta Acin-Albiac
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project, Research & Development, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Polo
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Rinaldi
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project, Research & Development, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Saeed A, Yasmin A, Baig M, Khan K, Heyat MBB, Akhtar F, Batool Z, Kazmi A, Wahab A, Shahid M, Ahmed MA, Abbas S, Muaad AY, Shahzad A, Ahmad I. Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactococcus lactis, and Carnobacterium divergens as Potential Probiotic Bacteria from Fermented Black and Green Olives ( Olea europaea): An Exploratory Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8726320. [PMID: 37152587 PMCID: PMC10156456 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8726320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Table olives are becoming well recognized as a source of probiotic bacteria that might be used to create a health-promoting fermented food product by traditional procedures based on the activities of indigenous microbial consortia present in local environments. Methodology. In the present study, the characterization of probiotic bacteria isolated from mince, chunks, and brine of fermented green and black olives (Olea europaea) was done based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. Results Bacterial isolates demonstrated excellent survival abilities at 25, 37, and 45°C and at a variable range of pH. However, the optimum temperature is 37 and the optimum pH is 7 for all three isolates. An antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was found among these isolates through the disc diffusion method. Most of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, imipenem, and chloramphenicol, whereas, amoxicillin showed resistance to these isolates, and variable results were recorded for the rest of the antibiotics tested. The growth of the isolates was optimum with the supplementation of 3% NaCl and 0.3% bile salt. The isolated bacteria were able to ferment skimmed milk into yogurt, hence making it capable of producing organic acid. Conclusion Isolates of Lactobacillus crispatus MB417, Lactococcus lactis MB418 from black olives, and Carnobacterium divergens MB421 from green olives were characterized as potential candidates for use as starter cultures to induce fermentation of other probiotic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saeed
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azra Yasmin
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Baig
- Surgical Unit II, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Khan
- Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Centre, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Md Belal Bin Heyat
- IOT Research Centre, College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Faijan Akhtar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zahra Batool
- Institute of Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Abeer Kazmi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdul Wahab
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Brucellosis Section, Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Sidra Abbas
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Lab, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Shahzad
- Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Medical Officer, Regional Health Centre (RHC), Qadirabad, Tehsil Kot Chutta, District Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
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Li B, Pan LL, Sun J. Novel Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Were Identified from Healthy Infant Feces and Exhibited Anti-Inflammatory Capacities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071246. [PMID: 35883737 PMCID: PMC9312049 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate the probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infant feces, and select candidates to be used as potential antioxidants for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases; To meet the criteria for probiotic attributes, the isolates were subjected to various in vitro tests and 16S rRNA genotypic characterization. Besides, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of selected isolates were separately assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot; The selected strains belonged to Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. Notably, three selected strains (L. gasseri FWJL-4, L. plantarum Fjias-5 and L. rhamnosus FSJ-13) particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4 significantly down-regulated mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β. Most importantly, three strains-treated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages displayed enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced H2O2 production, which were associated with the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1; Three selected strains, particularly L. gasseri FWJL-4, are good candidates that merit additional in vivo investigation for the validation and application of their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (L.-L.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (L.-L.P.); (J.S.)
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DEMIROK NT, DURAK MZ, ARICI M. Probiotic lactobacilli in faeces of breastfed babies. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Falfán-Cortés RN, Mora-Peñaflor N, Gómez-Aldapa CA, Rangel-Vargas E, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, Franco-Fernández MJ, Castro-Rosas J. Characterization and Evaluation of the Probiotic Potential In Vitro and In Situ of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Isolated from Tenate Cheese. J Food Prot 2022; 85:112-121. [PMID: 34324685 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objectives of this investigation were (i) to isolate bacteria from various foods (dairy products, fruits, and vegetables) and evaluate their probiotic potential and (ii) to select, identify, and characterize the bacterial strain(s) with the highest probiotic potential. From 14 food samples, 117 bacterial strains were isolated; however, only 42 (T1 to T42) had the correct characteristics (gram positive, coccoid, and bacilliform) and were catalase and oxidase negative to be considered presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The antagonistic activity of the 42 strains was evaluated against Escherichia coli (O157:H7E09), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). The nine strains with the highest antagonistic activity were recovered from the following foods: pulque (T1), sprouted beans (T26), Ranchero cheese (T30, T31, T32, T33, T35, and T36), and Tenate cheese (T40). The inhibition zones on culture and sensitivity plates were 17.0 ± 1.2 to 19.3 ± 2.8 mm in diameter. Based on the antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria and resistance to low pH and bile salts, strain T40 had the highest probiotic potential. A 16S rRNA technique was used to identify strain T40 as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (renamed from Lactobacillus paracasei in April 2020). This strain had no resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The antagonistic activity was evaluated in situ (fresh cheese) against pathogenic bacteria, supporting the probiotic potential of L. paracasei. Isolates of this LAB recovered from Tenate cheese had characteristics of a probiotic microorganism with high potential for use in food technology. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna N Falfán-Cortés
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenieria (ICBI), Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México.,Catedratica, CONACYT; UAEH, ICBI Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México
| | - Nancy Mora-Peñaflor
- UAEH, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad Km 1 Ex-Hda. De Aquetzalpa AP 32, Tulancingo, Hgo, México
| | - Carlos A Gómez-Aldapa
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenieria (ICBI), Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenieria (ICBI), Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México
| | - Otilio A Acevedo-Sandoval
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenieria (ICBI), Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México
| | - Melitón J Franco-Fernández
- UAEH, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario Av. Universidad Km 1 Ex-Hda. De Aquetzalpa AP 32, Tulancingo, Hgo, México
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenieria (ICBI), Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Hidalgo, México
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Sun J, Silander O, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Wen D, Davy TPP, Mutukumira AN. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Lactobacillus and yeast isolates from a traditional New Zealand Māori potato starter culture. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1287-1294. [PMID: 36061410 PMCID: PMC9428859 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parāroa Rēwena is a traditional Māori sourdough produced by fermentation using a potato starter culture. The microbial composition of the starter culture is not well characterised, despite the long history of this product. The morphological, physiological, biochemical and genetic tests were conducted to characterise 26 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and 15 yeast isolates from a Parāroa Rēwena potato starter culture. The results of sugar fermentation tests, API 50 CHL tests, and API ID 32 C tests suggest the presence of four different LAB phenotypes and five different yeast phenotypes. 16S rRNA and 26S rRNA sequencing identified the LAB as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and the yeast isolates as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of the L. paracasei isolates indicated that they had identical genotypes at the MLST loci, to L. paracasei subsp. paracasei IBB 3423 or L. paracasei subsp. paracasei F19. This study provides new insights into the microbial composition of the traditional sourdough Parāroa Rēwena starter culture. 16S sequencing, Multilocus sequencing typing for LAB in the potato starter culture. 26S sequencing for yeast in the starter culture. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei IBB3423. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19. Saccharomycescerevisiae.
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11
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Damodharan K, Palaniyandi SA, Suh JW, Yang SH. Probiotic Characterization of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei KNI9 Inhibiting Adherence of Yersinia enterocolitica on Caco-2 Cells In Vitro. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:600-607. [PMID: 31289994 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to characterize the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei strain KNI9 and its antagonistic activity against Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica. The strain KNI9 was susceptible to antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, and streptomycin recommended by European food safety authority (EFSA). Strain KNI9 exhibited tolerance to simulated oro-gastrointestinal (OGT) condition, adherence to Caco-2 cells, and antimicrobial activity against intestinal enteric pathogens such as Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica, Shigella boydii, and Listeria monocytogenes. Furthermore, the strain KNI9 inhibited the adherence and invasiveness of Y. enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica to Caco-2 cell line. These results indicate that the L. paracasei subsp. paracasei KNI9 could be further developed into a potential probiotic strain after appropriate in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthiyaini Damodharan
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Mepco Nagar, Mepco Engineering College Post, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, 626005, India
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.
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12
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MAFRA JF, CRUZ AIC, SANTANA TSD, FERREIRA MA, ARAÚJO FM, EVANGELISTA-BARRETO NS. Probiotic characterization of a commercial starter culture used in the fermentation of sausages. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Valdivieso-Ugarte M, Plaza-Diaz J, Gomez-Llorente C, Lucas Gómez E, Sabés-Alsina M, Gil Á. In vitro examination of antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of cinnamon, white thyme, and clove essential oils. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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Xia C, Jiang C, Li W, Wei J, Hong H, Li J, Feng L, Wei H, Xin H, Chen T. A Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial and Mechanistic Studies Using Improved Probiotics to Prevent Oral Mucositis Induced by Concurrent Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:618150. [PMID: 33841399 PMCID: PMC8024544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.618150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier evidence has proven that probiotic supplements can reduce concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). The incidence of severe OM (grade 3 or higher) was the primary endpoint in this study. We first enrolled 85 patients with locally advanced NPC who were undergoing CCRT. Of them, 77 patients were finally selected and randomized (1:1) to receive either a probiotic cocktail or placebo. To investigate the protective effects and the mechanism of probiotic cocktail treatment on OM induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, we randomly divided the rats into the control (C) group, the model (M) group, and the probiotic (P) group. After treatment, samples from the tongue, blood, and fecal and proximal colon tissues on various days (7th, 14th, and 21st days) were collected and tested for the inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, intestinal permeability, and intestinal microbial changes. We found that patients taking the probiotic cocktail showed significantly lower OM. The values of the incidence of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 grades of OM in the placebo group and in the probiotic cocktail group were reported to be 0, 14.7, 38.2, 32.4, and 14.7% and 13.9, 36.1, 25, 22.2, and 2.8%, respectively. Furthermore, patients in the probiotic cocktail group showed a decrease in the reduction rate of CD3+ T cells (75.5% vs. 81%, p < 0.01), CD4+ T cells (64.53% vs. 79.53%, p < 0.01), and CD8+ T cells (75.59 vs. 62.36%, p < 0.01) compared to the placebo group. In the rat model, the probiotic cocktail could ameliorate the severity of OM, decrease the inflammatory response, cause cell apoptosis and intestinal permeability, and restore the structure of gut microbiota to normalcy. In conclusion, the modified probiotic cocktail significantly reduces the severity of OM by enhancing the immune response of patients with NPC and modifying the structure of gut microbiota. Clinical Trial Registration: The Clinical Trial Registration should be the NCT03112837.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Xia
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunling Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Wenyu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hu Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 Modulate Macrophage Gene Expression and Ameliorate Damage Markers in the Liver of Zucker-Lepr
fa/fa
Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010202. [PMID: 33440736 PMCID: PMC7826559 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions worldwide. We have previously reported that the probiotic strains Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 exert anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine of Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats. In this work, we focused on their hepatic effects. M1 macrophages are related to inflammation and NAFLD pathogenesis, whereas M2 macrophages release anti-inflammatory mediators. We evaluated the effects of these 3 strains on macrophage polarization, inflammation and liver damage of Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats. The animals received either a placebo or 1010 CFU of probiotics orally for 30 days. Nos2 and Cd86 mRNA levels were determined as markers of M1 macrophages, and Cd163 and Arg1 as M2 markers, respectively, by qRT-PCR. Liver damage was determined by lipid peroxidation, leukocyte infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity. We evaluated a panoply of circulating chemokines, the hepatic ratio P-Akt/Akt, NF-kB and P-NF-kB protein levels. All 3 probiotic strains modulated macrophage polarization in liver and circulating levels of inflammation-related mediators. L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 increased the ratio P-Akt/Akt and NF-kB protein levels. B. breve CNCM I-4035, L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 and L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 decreased both pro-inflammatory macrophage gene expression and leukocyte infiltration in the liver.
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16
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Lim HJ, Shin HS. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects of Bifidobacterium Strains: A Review. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1793-1800. [PMID: 33144551 PMCID: PMC9728261 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2007.07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium strains can provide several health benefits, such as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects. Some strains inhibit growth or cell adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, and their antibacterial activity can be intensified when combined with certain antibiotics. In addition, some strains of bifidobacteria reduce viral infectivity, leading to less epithelial damage of intestinal tissue, lowering the virus shedding titer, and controlling the release of antiviral substances. Furthermore, bifidobacteria can modulate the immune system by increasing immunoglobulins, and inducing or reducing pro- or antiinflammatory cytokines, respectively. In particular, these anti-inflammatory effects are helpful in the treatment of patients who are already suffering from infection or inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the antimicrobial effects and mechanisms, and immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium strains, suggesting the potential of bifidobacteria as an alternative or complementary treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Soon Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-901-8398 Fax: +82-2-901-8386 E-mail:
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17
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Mantziari A, Salminen S, Szajewska H, Malagón-Rojas JN. Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1510. [PMID: 33008065 PMCID: PMC7601467 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sustainable Development goals for 2020 included reducing all causes associated with infant and perinatal mortality in their priorities. The use of compounds with bioactive properties has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy due to their stimulating effect on the host's immune system. Additionally, biotherapeutic products such as postbiotics, tentatively defined as compounds produced during a fermentation process that support health and well-being, promote intestinal barrier integrity without posing considerable risks to children's health. Although this is a concept in development, there are increasing studies in the field of nutrition, chemistry, and health that aim to understand how postbiotics can help prevent different types of infections in priority populations such as minors under the age of five. The present review aims to describe the main mechanisms of action of postbiotics. In addition, it presents the available current evidence regarding the effects of postbiotics against pathogens commonly involved in pediatric infections. Postbiotics may constitute a safe alternative capable of modulating the cellular response and stimulating the host's humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics at the Medical University of Warsaw, 02091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, 110121 Bogotá, Colombia;
- Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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Isolation and safety characterisation of lactobacilli strains with antimicrobial properties as potential probiotics for human use. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Sharma B, Shukla G. Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Phytase Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Neonatal Fecal Samples Having Dephytinization Activity. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2020.1746332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Geeta Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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20
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Kumar R, Sood U, Gupta V, Singh M, Scaria J, Lal R. Recent Advancements in the Development of Modern Probiotics for Restoring Human Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:12-25. [PMID: 32089570 PMCID: PMC7000592 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut is predominantly occupied by bacteria which play a vital role in nutrition and health. Any change in normal gut homeostasis imposes gut dysbiosis. So far, efforts have been made to mitigate the gastrointestinal symptoms using modern day probiotics. The majority of the probiotics strains used currently belong to the genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus. Recent advancements in culturomics by implementing newer techniques coupled with the use of gnotobiotic animal models provide a subtle ground to develop novel host specific probiotics therapies. In this review article, the recent advances in the development of microbe-based therapies which can now be implemented to treat a wide spectrum of diseases have been discussed. However, these probiotics are not classified as drugs and there is a lack of stringent law enforcement to protect the end users against the pseudo-probiotic products. While modern probiotics hold strong promise for the future, more rigorous regulations are needed to develop genuine probiotic products and characterize novel probiotics using the latest research and technology. This article also highlights the possibility of reducing antibiotic usage by utilizing probiotics developed using the latest concepts of syn and ecobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Mona Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
- South Dakota Centre for Biologics Research and Commercialization, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Rup Lal
- PhiXGen Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007 India
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21
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Liu W, Chen M, Duo L, Wang J, Guo S, Sun H, Menghe B, Zhang H. Characterization of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from human colostrum. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4013-4025. [PMID: 32113772 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk is the main source of nutrition for infants; it contains considerable microflora that can be transmitted to the infant endogenously or by breastfeeding, and it plays an important role in the maturation and development of the immune system. In this study, we isolated and identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from human colostrum, and screened 2 strains with probiotic potential. The LAB isolated from 40 human colostrum samples belonged to 5 genera: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. We also isolated Propionibacterium and Actinomyces. We identified a total of 197 strains of LAB derived from human colostrum based on their morphology and 16S rRNA sequence, among them 8 strains of Bifidobacterium and 10 strains of Lactobacillus, including 3 Bifidobacterium species and 4 Lactobacillus species. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of strains with good probiotic characteristics were evaluated. The tolerances of some of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains to gastrointestinal fluid and bile salts were evaluated in vitro, using the probiotic strains Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as controls. Among them, B. lactis Probio-M8 and L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 showed survival rates of 97.25 and 78.33% after digestion for 11 h in artificial gastrointestinal juice, and they exhibited growth delays of 0.95 and 1.87 h, respectively, in 0.3% bile salts. These two strains have the potential for application as probiotics and will facilitate functional studies of probiotics in breast milk and the development of human milk-derived probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Meixuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lana Duo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Bilige Menghe
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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22
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Abundance of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains with Beneficial Attributes in Blackberries (Rubus sp.), Fresh Figs (Ficus carica), and Prickly Pears (Opuntia ficus-indica) Grown and Harvested in Algeria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1514-1523. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Bambace MF, Alvarez MV, Moreira MDR. Novel functional blueberries: Fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic lactobacilli incorporated into alginate edible coatings. Food Res Int 2019; 122:653-660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Monteiro CRAV, do Carmo MS, Melo BO, Alves MS, Dos Santos CI, Monteiro SG, Bomfim MRQ, Fernandes ES, Monteiro-Neto V. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Probiotic Potential of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus against Species of Clostridium. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020448. [PMID: 30795551 PMCID: PMC6412307 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many Clostridium species are found as commensal members of the intestinal microbiota. However, imbalances of the microbiota may lead to certain infections caused by these microorganisms, mainly Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens. In many cases, infection recurrence can occur after antibiotics, indicating the need for novel therapeutic options that act on the pathogens and also restore the microbiota. Herein, the in vitro antimicrobial activity and probiotic potential of clinical and reference strains of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were investigated against Clostridium species. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar spot test and inhibition of gas production. Then, the probiotic potential of selected strains was assessed by analyzing their coaggregation ability, adhesive properties to host cells and mucin, tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 was the most promising strain based on its inhibitory activity against Clostridium spp. Also, this strain met criteria to be considered a probiotic based on its coaggregation ability, adhesive properties, and tolerance to harsh pH and bile acid salt conditions. The results indicate that among the studied strains, L. plantarum ATCC 8014 presents probiotic potential for controlling infections induced by the studied Clostridium species and should be further evaluated in in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinara R A V Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Monique S do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Bruna O Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Matheus S Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Camilla I Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Sílvio G Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
| | - Maria Rosa Q Bomfim
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, campus do Bacanga, São Luís 65065545, MA, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação, Universidade Ceuma, Rua dos Castanheiros No. 1, jardim Renascença II, São Luís 65075120, MA, Brazil.
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25
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Achi SC, Halami PM. In Vitro Comparative Analysis of Probiotic and Functional Attributes of Indigenous Isolates of Bifidobacteria. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:304-311. [PMID: 30600360 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, probiotic, safety and functional characteristics of eight indigenous bifidobacterial isolates were compared to identify suitable strains for functional food application. Among the isolates, six strains of Bifidobacterium longum and one each of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum were identified by 16S rRNA, xfp and hsp60 gene sequencing. Diversity among these strains was established by RAPD and Rep-PCR. Genes associated with sortase-dependent pili (SDP) (credited for role in adhesion) and serpin (immunomodulation) which can serve as potential marker genes for rapid identification of probiotic Bifidobacterium, was also evaluated. All the isolates exhibited potential probiotic, functional (antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, phytase activity, milk fermentation ability) and safety attributes. However, among them, B. breve NCIM5671 exhibited, better tolerance to low pH, amylase activity and exopolysaccharide producing ability. B. bifidum NCIM5697 and B. longum NCIM5672 demonstrated higher adherence ability to Caco-2 cells. NCIM5697 also displayed exopolysaccharide producing ability while NCIM5672 showed strong antibacterial activity against pathogens tested. Further, with respect to presence of adhesion marker genes, disparity was observed among B. longum strains. B. longum NCIM5684 and B. longum NCIM5686 displayed presence of subunits of SDP reported to be present in B. breve. In addition, B. longum NCIM5686 also lacked SDP present in all other B. longum isolates. B. breve NCIM5671, B. longum NCIM5672 and B. bifidum NCIM5697 with appreciable traits qualifies as potential probiotic cultures. Further, the variations observed in molecular and functional characteristics of isolates signify genetic diversity among the cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajan C Achi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute campus, Mysuru, India.,Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570020, Mysuru, India
| | - Prakash M Halami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute campus, Mysuru, India. .,Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, 570020, Mysuru, India.
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Pradhan D, Singh R, Tyagi A, H M R, Batish VK, Grover S. Assessing safety of Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5690 and Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 5689 using in vitro approaches and an in vivo murine model. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 101:1-11. [PMID: 30367905 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli have a long history of safe use in human nutrition, however, inclusion of any new strain, despite its safe usage evidence, warrants proper analysis of its safety and toxicity under the purview of existing regulations. In the present investigation, Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 5690 and Lactobacillus fermentum MTCC 5689 were evaluated for their safety and toxicity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. The in vitro assays included mucin degradation, hemolytic activity, biogenic amine production and platelet aggregation assay. The safety was also assessed using acute, subacute and subchronic assays, bacterial translocation studies, intravenous and intravenous administration and genotoxicity assay in murine model. The outcome of this toxicological safety assessment indicated that both the test strains lacked any harmful metabolic activity or any genotoxic effects. Furthermore, the results of oral toxicity studies in mice revealed that short term administration of high cell mass concentration of 1012 cfu/animal as well as long term feeding of the probiotic strains did not alter any hematological, general health parameters or cause any organ specific disorder. Based upon these scientific assessments and supported by long history of safe use, both MTCC 5690 and MTCC 5689 may be considered safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwas Pradhan
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street # 323, Clinical Translational Research Bldg, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ashish Tyagi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India; University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street # 323, Clinical Translational Research Bldg, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Rashmi H M
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - V K Batish
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunita Grover
- Molecular Biology Unit, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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de Melo Pereira GV, de Oliveira Coelho B, Magalhães Júnior AI, Thomaz-Soccol V, Soccol CR. How to select a probiotic? A review and update of methods and criteria. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:2060-2076. [PMID: 30266342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
International competition within the dairy market and increasing public awareness about the importance of functional food consumption are providing new challenges for innovation in the probiotic sector. In this context, countless references are currently dedicated to the selection and characterization of new species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria. In general, these studies adopt basic selection criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO), including host-associated stress resistance, epithelium adhesion ability, and antimicrobial activity. These aspects are applied to ensure that the candidate probiotic could withstand the stressful conditions of the human digestive system and exert functional proprieties. However, it cannot be assumed that these novel microbial strains are capable of offering several biological benefits attributed to probiotics. Additionally, safety-associated selection criteria, such as plasmid-associated antibiotic resistance spreading and enterotoxin production, are often neglected. This article reviews the recent developments in the processes, strategies, and methods, such as anticarcinogenic, antidepression, antianxiety, antiobesity, antidiabetic, immunostimulatory, and cholesterol-lowering assessments, to select probiotic strains with the ultimate objective of assisting future probiotic microbe evaluation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Coelho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Nagpal R, Wang S, Ahmadi S, Hayes J, Gagliano J, Subashchandrabose S, Kitzman DW, Becton T, Read R, Yadav H. Human-origin probiotic cocktail increases short-chain fatty acid production via modulation of mice and human gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12649. [PMID: 30139941 PMCID: PMC6107516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria producing metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g., acetate, propionate and butyrate), are frequently reduced in Patients with diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Hence, microbiome modulators such as probiotics may be helpful in maintaining or even restoring normal gut microbiome composition to benefit host health. Herein, we developed a human-origin probiotic cocktail with the ability to modulate gut microbiota to increase native SCFA production. Following a robust protocol of isolation, characterization and safety validation of infant gut-origin Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains with probiotic attributes (tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, absence of potential virulence genes, cell-surface hydrophobicity, and susceptibility to common antibiotics), we select 10 strains (5 from each genera) out of total 321 isolates. A single dose (oral gavage) as well as 5 consecutive doses of this 10-strain probiotic cocktail in mice modulates gut microbiome and increases SCFA production (particularly propionate and butyrate). Inoculation of these probiotics in human feces also increases SCFA production along with microbiome modulation. Results indicate that human-origin probiotic lactobacilli and enterococci could ameliorate gut microbiome dysbiosis and hence may prove to be a potential therapy for diseases involving reduced SCFAs production in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason Gagliano
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Becton
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Russel Read
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Zhang Z, Lv J, Pan L, Zhang Y. Roles and applications of probiotic Lactobacillus strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8135-8143. [PMID: 30032432 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli are recognized as probiotics on account of their health-promoting effects in the host. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms of the adaption factors and main functions of lactobacilli that exert health-promoting effects in the host and to discuss important applications in animal and human health. The adaption mechanisms of lactobacilli facilitate interactions with the host and directly contribute to the beneficial nutritional, physiological, microbiological, and immunological effects in the host. Besides, the application of probiotic lactobacilli will increase our understanding of practical uses based on the roles of these organisms in immunoregulation, antipathogenic activities, and enhancement of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Hu PL, Yuan YH, Yue TL, Guo CF. Bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for the evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of potential probiotics. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192964. [PMID: 29494656 PMCID: PMC5832225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of probiotic bacteria. Qxgall powders purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Oxoid and BD Difco were dissolved in distilled water, and analyzed. Conjugated bile acids were profiled by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), free bile acids were detected as their p-bromophenacyl ester derivatives using reversed-phase HPLC after extraction with acetic ether, and total bile acids were analyzed by enzymatic-colorimetric assay. The results showed that 9 individual bile acids (i.e., taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid) were present in each of the oxgall powders tested. The content of total bile acid among the three oxgall powders was similar; however, the relative contents of the individual bile acids among these oxgall powders were significantly different (P < 0.001). The oxgall powder from Sigma-Aldrich was closer to human bile in the ratios of glycine-conjugated bile acids to taurine-conjugated bile acids, dihydroxy bile acids to trihydroxy bile acids, and free bile acids to conjugated bile acids than the other powders were. It was concluded that the oxgall powder from Sigma-Aldrich should be used instead of those from Oxoid and BD Difco to evaluate the bile tolerance ability of probiotic bacteria as human bile model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ya-Hong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian-Li Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chun-Feng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail:
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Gene expression profiling in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats administered probiotic bacteria. Sci Data 2017; 4:170186. [PMID: 29231922 PMCID: PMC5726311 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 modulate the expression of genes in the intestinal mucosa of obese Zucker rats. Forty-eight Zucker-Leprfa/fa and 16 Zucker lean Lepr+/fa rats were used. Eight Zucker lean Lepr+/fa and 8 Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats were euthanized as a reference. The remaining 40 Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats were then assigned to receive 1010 colony forming units (CFU) of one of the three probiotic strains, a mixture of L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 and B. breve CNCM I-4035, or a placebo by oral administration for 30 days. An additional group of 8 Zucker lean Lepr+/fa rats received the placebo for 30 days. Over 27,000 rat genes were studied using a DNA array. Four animals per group were used. Total RNA was extracted from intestinal mucosa and cDNA was synthesized, fragmented and labeled. Labeled cDNA was hybridized using GeneChip kits, and the latter were scanned. Intensity values of each probe were processed and normalized to obtain an individual value for each set of probes.
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Gomaa EZ. Effect of prebiotic substances on growth, fatty acid profile and probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis NM101-1. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1, inflammation genes upregulated in the intestinal mucosa of obese rats, are downregulated by three probiotic strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1939. [PMID: 28512356 PMCID: PMC5434015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that administration of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 to obese Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats attenuates liver steatosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. The goal of the present work was to investigate the modulation of gene expression in intestinal mucosa samples of obese Zucker-Leprfa/fa rats fed the probiotic strains using a DNA microarray and postgenomic techniques. We also measured secretory IgA content in the gut and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) in serum. Expression of three genes (Adamdec1, Ednrb and Ptgs1/Cox1) was up-regulated in the intestinal mucosa of the obese rats compared with that in the rats when they were still lean. Probiotic administration down-regulated expression of Adamdec1 and Ednrb at the mRNA and protein levels and that of Ptgs1/Cox1 at the mRNA level, and this effect was in part mediated by a decrease in both macrophage and dendritic cell populations. Probiotic treatment also increased secretory IgA content and diminished the LBP concentration. Based on results reported in this work and else where, we propose a possible mechanism of action for these bacterial strains.
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Reis NA, Saraiva MAF, Duarte EAA, de Carvalho EA, Vieira BB, Evangelista-Barreto NS. Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:811-20. [PMID: 27159339 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS The strains were tested for their ability to inhibit growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and for acid pH and bile salt tolerance. Gram-positive and catalase-negative were selected and identified as Enterococcus (83·3%) after sequencing the 16S rDNA gene. All the isolates inhibited growth of Ent. faecalis and S. serotype Enteritidis, 97% inhibited growth of L. monocytogenes and Staph. aureus and 78·8% inhibited growth of E. coli. Most of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin (50%) and vancomycin (47%). Twelve isolates grew when subjected to pH 3·0 and 0·1% bile salts. At lower pH (2·5-2·0), Ent. faecalis F1 and Weissella confusa F8 were more efficient. CONCLUSION It was possible to isolate from human milk the lactic acid bacteria with potential for use as probiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lactic acid bacteria isolated of nursing mothers have probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Reis
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - M A F Saraiva
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - E A A Duarte
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - E A de Carvalho
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - B B Vieira
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - N S Evangelista-Barreto
- Center of Agricultural, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Kumari A, Angmo K, Monika, Bhalla TC. Probiotic attributes of indigenous Lactobacillus spp. isolated from traditional fermented foods and beverages of north-western Himalayas using in vitro screening and principal component analysis. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:2463-75. [PMID: 27407213 PMCID: PMC4921100 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present research was designed to explore indigenous probiotic Lactic acid bacteria from traditional fermented foods and beverages of North-western Himalayas for their probiotic potential. It was achieved through a step-by step approach focused on the technological characterization, evaluation of the probiotic traits and adherence ability. Fifty one LAB isolates from traditional fermented foods and beverages were initially screened for their technological properties and among them twenty isolates were selected. These isolates were further characterized and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Lactobacillus brevis (7 isolates), Lactobacillus casei (5), Lactobacillus paracasei (2), Lactobacillus buchneri (1), Lactobacillus plantarum (1) and Lactobacillus sp. (3). Identified isolates were evaluated by in vitro methods including survival in gastrointestinal tract, antibiotic susceptibility, antimicrobial activity, cell surface characteristics, exopolysacharride production and haemolytic activity. The results of these experiments were used as input data for Principal Component Analysis; thus, to select the most promising probiotic isolates. Three isolates (L. brevis PLA2, L. paracasei PLA8 and L. brevis PLA16) were found to be most technological relevant and promising probiotic candidates in comparison to commercial probiotic strains. L. brevis PLA2 was selected as best isolate with probiotic potential by in vitro adherence to the human intestinal HT-29 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| | - Kunzes Angmo
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| | - Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
| | - Tek Chand Bhalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh 171005 India
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Fernández-Murga ML, Sanz Y. Safety Assessment of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Isolated from Stools of Healthy Breast-Fed Infants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145503. [PMID: 26784747 PMCID: PMC4718450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 is a potential probiotic strain, originally isolated from the stools of healthy breast-feed infants. The strain showed pre-clinical efficacy in a mouse obesity model. The objective of this study was to evaluate its potential toxicity and translocation ability after acute oral administration to mice. Methods and Findings A safety study was conducted in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed C57BL-6 mice. Both mouse groups (n = 10 per group) were fed orally 2 x 109 colony forming units (cfu)/day of B. uniformis CECT 7771 or placebo by gavage for 6 days. Throughout this time, feed and water intake and body weight were monitored. Afterwards, mice were sacrificed and biological samples were collected to analyze blood and urine biochemistry, inflammatory and immune markers; gut mucosal histology and bacterial translocation to peripheral tissues. The results demonstrated that acute ingestion of this Bacteroides strain had no adverse effects on the animals’ general health status or food intake, nor did it affect biochemical indicators of liver, kidney and pancreatic function or gut mucosal histology. Findings also demonstrated that administration did not lead to bacterial translocation to blood, liver or mesenteric lymph nodes. B. uniformis CECT 7771 also downregulated gene and protein expression (iNOS and PPAR-γ) and inflammatory cytokines induced by immunosuppression. Conclusions The findings indicate that the acute oral consumption of B. uniformis CECT 7771 does not raise safety concerns in mice. Further studies in humans should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
During pathogenesis, viruses come in contact with the microbiota that colonizes the mucosal sites they infect. The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in intestinal viral susceptibility. While the interaction of virus-intestinal commensal bacteria can lead to enhanced or decreased viral infection capacity, several scientific studies support the use of probiotics as antiviral therapies. Thus, probiotics and the modulation of the intestinal microbiota are envisaged as therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of viral infection.
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Characterization and in vitro properties of potential probiotic Bifidobacterium strains isolated from breast-fed infant feces. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Probiotic attributes of Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from human feces and dairy products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8113-23. [PMID: 26004804 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize native Lactobacillus fermentum isolates for their probiotic attributes. Accordingly, 12 L. fermentum isolates selected from indigenous fermented dairy products and infant fecal samples were evaluated for their probiotic properties by in vitro and PCR methods. The cultures exhibited high tolerance to acid and bile as well as survival in simulated transit fluids (above 70 %). Cell surface hydrophobicity was in the range of 0.55-57.69 % for xylene and 0.45-77.12 % for hexadecane, whereas auto-aggregation ranged between 9 and 62 %. Isolates exhibited efficient binding to mucin and fibronectin, bile salt hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation (49-76 %), and radical scavenging activity (37-77 %). The isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. Molecular fingerprinting and identification of the isolates were achieved by PCR with GTG5 as well as 16S rRNA, phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit (pheS), and RNA polymerase alpha subunit (rpoA) genes. This revealed the genomic diversity of the isolates from the two sources. Gene-specific amplification of probiotic marker genes was attained by PCR-based methods, and resultant products were sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment of the probiotic marker genes using bioinformatics revealed similarity to completely sequenced genomes of L. fermentum CECT 5716 and IFO 3956 with a few variations in mucin-binding protein gene sequences. Isolates designated as L. fermentum MCC 2759 and L. fermentum MCC 2760 showed the best probiotic attributes with high survival in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, in vitro adhesion, cholesterol reduction, and high antioxidative potential. Thus, these cultures could be potential probiotic candidates for application as functional foods.
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Pyrosequencing analysis reveals changes in intestinal microbiota of healthy adults who received a daily dose of immunomodulatory probiotic strains. Nutrients 2015; 7:3999-4015. [PMID: 26016655 PMCID: PMC4488769 DOI: 10.3390/nu7063999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The colon microbiota plays a crucial role in human gastrointestinal health. Current attempts to manipulate the colon microbiota composition are aimed at finding remedies for various diseases. We have recently described the immunomodulatory effects of three probiotic strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, and Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035). The goal of the present study was to analyze the compositions of the fecal microbiota of healthy adults who received one of these strains using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Bacteroides was the most abundant genus in the groups that received L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 or L. paracasei CNCM I-4034. The Shannon indices were significantly increased in these two groups. Our results also revealed a significant increase in the Lactobacillus genus after the intervention with L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. The initially different colon microbiota became homogeneous in the subjects who received L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. While some orders that were initially present disappeared after the administration of L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036, other orders, such as Sphingobacteriales, Nitrospirales, Desulfobacterales, Thiotrichales, and Synergistetes, were detected after the intervention. In summary, our results show that the intake of these three bacterial strains induced changes in the colon microbiota.
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Bermudez-Brito M, Muñoz-Quezada S, Gómez-Llorente C, Matencio E, Romero F, Gil A. Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034 and its culture supernatant modulate Salmonella-induced inflammation in a novel transwell co-culture of human intestinal-like dendritic and Caco-2 cells. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:79. [PMID: 25887178 PMCID: PMC5353866 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The action of probiotics has been studied in vitro in cells isolated from both mice and humans, particularly enterocytes (IECs), dendritic cells (DCs) and co-cultures of peripheral DCs and IECs. Peripheral DCs and murine DCs differ from human gut DCs, and to date there are no data on the action of any probiotic on co-cultured human IECs and human intestinal DCs. To address this issue, a novel transwell model was used. Human IECs (Caco-2 cells) grown in the upper chamber of transwell filters were co-cultured with intestinal-like human DCs grown in the basolateral compartment of the transwells. The system was apically exposed for 4 h to live probiotic L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 obtained from the faeces of breastfed infants or to its cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) and challenged with Salmonella typhi. The secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the basolateral compartment was determined by immunoassay, and the DC expression pattern of 20 TLR signaling pathway genes was analysed by PCR array. Results The presence of the live probiotic alone significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β2, RANTES and IP-10 levels and decreased IL-12p40, IL-10, TGF- β1 and MIP-1α levels. This release was correlated with a significant increase in the expression of almost all TLR signaling genes. By contrast, incubation of the co-culture with CFS increased IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β2 and IP-10 production only when Salmonella was present. This induction was correlated with an overall decrease in the expression of all TLR genes except TLR9, which was strongly up-regulated. Conclusions The data presented here clearly indicate that L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 significantly increases the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhances TLR signaling pathway activation and stimulates rather than suppresses the innate immune system. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence that the effects of probiotics in the presence of IECs and DCs differ from the effects of probiotics on cultures of each cell type alone, as reported by us earlier. Thus, co-culture systems such as the one described here are needed to characterise the effects of probiotics in vitro, highlighting the potential utility of such co-cultures as a model system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0408-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Gómez-Llorente
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Matencio
- Hero Global Technology Center, Hero Spain, S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Romero
- Hero Global Technology Center, Hero Spain, S.A., 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Center, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Plaza-Diaz J, Gomez-Llorente C, Abadia-Molina F, Saez-Lara MJ, Campaña-Martin L, Muñoz-Quezada S, Romero F, Gil A, Fontana L. Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 on hepatic steatosis in Zucker rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98401. [PMID: 24852284 PMCID: PMC4031175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the safety and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 in healthy volunteers. The scope of this work was to evaluate the effects of these probiotic strains on the hepatic steatosis of obese rats. We used the Zucker rat as a genetic model of obesity. Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats received one of three probiotic strains, a mixture of L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 and B. breve CNCM I-4035, or a placebo for 30 days. An additional group of Zucker-lean+/fa rats received a placebo for 30 days. No alterations in intestinal histology, in the epithelial, lamina propria, muscular layers of the ileal or colonic mucosa, or the submucosae, were observed in any of the experimental groups. Triacylglycerol content decreased in the liver of Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats that were fed L. rhamnosus, B. breve, or the mixture of B. breve and L. paracasei. Likewise, the area corresponding to neutral lipids was significantly smaller in the liver of all four groups of Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats that received probiotics than in rats fed the placebo. Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats exhibited significantly greater serum LPS levels than Zucker-lean+/fa rats upon administration of placebo for 30 days. In contrast, all four groups of obese Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats that received LAB strains exhibited serum LPS concentrations similar to those of Zucker-lean+/fa rats. Serum TNF-α levels decreased in the Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats that received B. breve, L. rhamnosus, or the mixture, whereas L. paracasei feeding decreased IL-6 levels in the serum of Zucker-Lepr(fa/fa) rats. In conclusion, the probiotic strains reduced hepatic steatosis in part by lowering serum LPS, and had an anti-inflammatory effect in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jose Saez-Lara
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, School of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Campaña-Martin
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Romero
- Hero Global Technology Center, Hero Spain, S.A., Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Fontana
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus and its cell-free culture supernatant differentially modulate inflammatory biomarkers in Escherichia coli-challenged human dendritic cells. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1727-37. [PMID: 24480321 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513004303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system maintains a delicate balance between immunogenicity against invading pathogens and tolerance to the commensal microbiota and food antigens. Different strains of probiotics possess the ability to finely regulate the activation of dendritic cells (DC), polarising the subsequent activity of T-cells. Nevertheless, information about their underlying mechanisms of action is scarce. In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of a potentially probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036, and its cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) on human DC challenged with Escherichia coli. The results showed that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12p70 were higher in the cells treated with live L. rhamnosus than in the cells treated with the CFS. In the presence of E. coli, the supernatant was more effective than the probiotic bacteria in reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, live L. rhamnosus potently induced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, whereas the CFS increased the secretion of TGF-β1. However, in the presence of E. coli, both treatments restored the levels of TGF-β. The probiotic strain L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 and its CFS were able to activate the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, enhancing innate immunity. The two treatments induced gene transcription of TLR-9. Live L. rhamnosus activated the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 genes, whereas the CFS increased the expression of TLR-1 and TLR-5 genes. In response to the stimulation with probiotic/CFS and E. coli, the expression of each gene tested was notably increased, with the exception of TNF-α and NFKBIA. In conclusion, the CFS exhibited an extraordinary ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by DC, and may be used as an effective and safer alternative to live bacteria.
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Safety and immunomodulatory effects of three probiotic strains isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants in healthy adults: SETOPROB study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78111. [PMID: 24205115 PMCID: PMC3810271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described the isolation and characterization of three probiotic strains from the feces of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants: Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. These strains were shown to adhere to intestinal mucus in vitro, to be sensitive to antibiotics and to resist biliary salts and low pH. In the present study, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 100 healthy volunteers in three Spanish cities was carried out to evaluate the tolerance, safety, gut colonization and immunomodulatory effects of these three probiotics. Volunteers underwent a 15-day washout period, after which they were randomly divided into 5 groups that received daily a placebo, a capsule containing one of the 3 strains or a capsule containing a mixture of two strains for 30 days. The intervention was followed by another 15-day washout period. Patients did not consume fermented milk for the entire duration of the study. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and stool consistency were not altered by probiotic intake. No relevant changes in blood and serum, as well as no adverse events occurred during or after treatment. Probiotic administration slightly modified bacterial populations in the volunteers’ feces. Intestinal persistence occurred in volunteers who received L. rhamnosus CNCM I-4036. Administration of B. breve CNCM I-4035 resulted in a significant increase in fecal secretory IgA content. IL-4 and IL-10 increased, whereas IL-12 decreased in the serum of volunteers treated with any of the three strains. These results demonstrate that the consumption of these three bacterial strains was safe and exerted varying degrees of immunomodulatory effects.
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Bermudez-Brito M, Muñoz-Quezada S, Gomez-Llorente C, Matencio E, Bernal MJ, Romero F, Gil A. Cell-free culture supernatant of Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in human dendritic cells challenged with Salmonella typhi through TLR activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59370. [PMID: 23555025 PMCID: PMC3595273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute the first point of contact between gut commensals and our immune system. Despite growing evidence of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, the interactions between the cells of the intestinal immune system and bacteria remain largely unknown. Indeed,, the aim of this work was to determine whether the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-4035 and its cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) have immunomodulatory effects in human intestinal-like dendritic cells (DCs) and how they respond to the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and also to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in these interactions. Human DCs were directly challenged with B. breve/CFS, S. typhi or a combination of these stimuli for 4 h. The expression pattern of genes involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and cytokine secretion was analyzed. CFS decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human intestinal DCs challenged with S. typhi. In contrast, the B. breve CNCM I-4035 probiotic strain was a potent inducer of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines tested, i.e., TNF-α, IL-8 and RANTES, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10. CFS restored TGF-β levels in the presence of Salmonella. Live B.breve and its supernatant enhanced innate immune responses by the activation of TLR signaling pathway. These treatments upregulated TLR9 gene transcription. In addition, CFS was a more potent inducer of TLR9 expression than the probiotic bacteria in the presence of S. typhi. Expression levels of CASP8 and IRAK4 were also increased by CFS, and both treatments induced TOLLIP gene expression. Our results indicate that the probiotic strain B. breve CNCM I-4035 affects the intestinal immune response, whereas its supernatant exerts anti-inflammatory effects mediated by DCs. This supernatant may protect immune system from highly infectious agents such as Salmonella typhi and can down-regulate pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Matencio
- Global Centre for Child Nutrition Technology, Hero Group, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria J. Bernal
- Global Centre for Child Nutrition Technology, Hero Group, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Romero
- Global Centre for Child Nutrition Technology, Hero Group, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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