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Velichkov M, Bezur Z, van Reekum CM, Williams CM. A biphasic response to blueberry supplementation on depressive symptoms in emerging adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1071-1088. [PMID: 38300292 PMCID: PMC11139700 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to examine the acute and chronic effects of wild blueberry supplementation on mood, executive function, and serum biomarkers of neuroplasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in emerging adults with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. METHODS In this double-blind trial, 60 emerging adults (Mage = 20.0 years, 32% male) with self-reported depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to receive a single blueberry drink (acute phase), followed by 6 weeks of daily blueberry supplementation (chronic phase), or a matched placebo drink. The primary outcome was Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores at 6-week follow-up. Further measures included momentary affect (PANAS-X) and accuracy on an executive function task. The data were analyzed using ANCOVAs adjusted for baseline values, sex, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake. Estimated marginal means were calculated to compare the treatment arms. RESULTS The blueberry drink significantly improved positive affect (p = 0.026) and executive function (p = 0.025) at 2 h post-ingestion, with change scores being positively correlated in the blueberry group (r = 0.424, p = 0.017). However, after six weeks of supplementation the reduction in BDI-II scores was greater in the placebo group by 5.8 points (95% CI: 0.8-10.7, p = 0.023). Generalized anxiety and anhedonia also decreased significantly more in the placebo group. No significant differences were found for any of the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Six weeks of wild blueberry supplementation were inferior to placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, the correlated improvements in positive affect and executive function after a single dose of blueberries point to a beneficial, albeit transient, psychological effect. These contrasting results suggest a biphasic, hormetic-like response that warrants further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04647019, dated 30 November, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Velichkov
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Zsofia Bezur
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carien M van Reekum
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Claire M Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Kumkum R, Aston-Mourney K, McNeill BA, Hernández D, Rivera LR. Bioavailability of Anthocyanins: Whole Foods versus Extracts. Nutrients 2024; 16:1403. [PMID: 38794640 PMCID: PMC11123854 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have gained significant popularity in recent years for their diverse health benefits, yet their limited bioavailability poses a challenge. To address this concern, technologies have emerged to enhance anthocyanin concentration, often isolating these compounds from other food constituents. However, the extent to which isolated anthocyanins confer health benefits compared to their whole-food counterparts remains unclear. This review explores the current literature on anthocyanin bioavailability and metabolism in the body, with a focus on comparing bioavailability when consumed as extracts versus whole foods rich in anthocyanins, drawing from in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical studies. While direct comparisons between anthocyanin bioavailability in whole foods versus isolates are scarce, prevailing evidence favours whole-food consumption over anthocyanin extracts. Further clinical investigations, preferably with direct comparisons, are needed to validate these findings and elucidate the nuanced interplay between anthocyanins and food matrices, informing future research directions and practical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leni R. Rivera
- Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia; (R.K.); (K.A.-M.); (B.A.M.); (D.H.)
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Pirvu LC, Rusu N, Bazdoaca C, Androne E, Neagu G, Albulescu A. A View on the Chemical and Biological Attributes of Five Edible Fruits after Finishing Their Shelf Life: Studies on Caco-2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4848. [PMID: 38732066 PMCID: PMC11084482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied five common perishable fruits in terms of their polyphenols dynamic, minerals distribution, scavenger activity and the effects of 50% ethanolic extracts on the viability of Caco-2 cells in vitro, over a period of time between T = 0 and T = 5/7 days, typically the end of their shelf life. Altogether, there were few changes found, consisting of either an increase or a decrease in their chemical and biological attributes. A slow decrease was found in the antioxidant activity in apricot (-11%), plum (-6%) and strawberry (-4%) extracts, while cherry and green seedless table grape extracts gained 7% and 2% antioxidant potency, respectively; IC50 values ranged from 1.67 to 5.93 μg GAE/μL test extract. The cytotoxicity MTS assay at 24 h revealed the ability of all 50% ethanol fruit extracts to inhibit the Caco-2 cell viability; the inhibitory effects ranged from 49% to 83% and were measured at 28 µg GAE for strawberry extracts/EES, from 22 µg to 45 µg GAE for cherry extracts/EEC, from 7.58 to 15.16 µg GAE for apricot extracts/EEA, from 12.50 to 25.70 µg GAE for plum extracts/EEP and from 21.51 to 28.68 µg GAE for green table grape extracts/EEG. The MTS anti-proliferative assay (72 h) also revealed a stimulatory potency upon the Caco-2 viability, from 34% (EEA, EEG) and 48% (EEC) to 350% (EES) and 690% (EEP); therefore fruit juices can influence intestinal tumorigenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camelia Pirvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Rusu
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Cristina Bazdoaca
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Androne
- Department of Chemical Analysis and Drug Control, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania; (N.R.); (C.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Georgeta Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 112 Vitan Av., 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, 285 Mihai Bravu Av., 030304 Bucharest, Romania
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Farag S, Tsang C, Murphy PN. Polyphenol supplementation and executive functioning in overweight and obese adults at risk of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286143. [PMID: 37228106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence indicates a link between obesity and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there is limited literature regarding the effect of polyphenols, a plant derived compounds, on executive functioning in an overweight/obese population at-risk of cognitive impairment. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is to examine the effect of polyphenol supplementation on executive functions in overweight and/or obese populations at risk of cognitive impairment. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception to March 2023 using four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and Cochrane trials library. Published primary research studies in English that compared the effect of polyphenols with placebo on executive function in overweight/obese adults were considered eligible for the meta-analysis. Jadad scale was used for the methodological quality rating of the included studies. Hedges g with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for endpoints were calculated using random effect model where applicable. Rosenthal's Fail-safe N, funnel plots, the Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation test (Kendall's S statistic P-Q), Egger's linear regression test, and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill test were identified for potential use as appropriate, to examine publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of 23 RCT studies involving N = 1,976 participants were included in the review. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant effect for polyphenol supplementation on executive function (g = 0.076, CI = -0.018 to 0.170). Observations from primary studies within the meta-analysis showed a potential positive effect of polyphenol supplementation in a younger population at-risk of cognitive impairment and it is recommended to investigate this further in future studies. Moreover, the variability of the tasks used to examine executive functions as well as the adequate reporting of supplement's phenolic composition is a limitation that future work should also consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farag
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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5
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Feng RC, Dong YH, Hong XL, Su Y, Wu XV. Effects of anthocyanin-rich supplementation on cognition of the cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:287-303. [PMID: 35960187 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of age-related cognitive decline has been on the rise as the global population age, putting the independence and quality of life of elderly at risk. Anthocyanin, as a subclass of dietary flavonoids, may have a beneficial impact on cognitive outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of dietary anthocyanin supplementation on cognition of the cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults. DATA SOURCES PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest and Cochrane databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Anthocyanin-rich supplementation was found to significantly improve the processing speed of the older adults (95%CI 0.08, 0.44; P = 0.004). No significant differences were observed between intervention and control groups on memory, attention, executive function and psychomotor performance. Current neuroimaging studies have found promising effects of anthocyanin supplementation on brain activation and cerebral perfusion. CONCLUSION Anthocyanin-rich supplementation may preserve cognitive processing speed and neuro-activities in older adults, which improves their daily functioning and quality of life. This review provides useful insights to guide direction and methodological designs for future studies to explore the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanins. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration No. CRD42021228007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Chen Feng
- is with the High-Dependency Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Health Group, Singapore
| | - Yan Hong Dong
- are with the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,is with the Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Li Hong
- is with the Medical Intensive Care Unit, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Health Group, Singapore
| | - Ya Su
- is with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Nursing, Shanghai, China.,is with the Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Xi Vivien Wu
- are with the Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,is with the NUSMED Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Y, Haskell-Ramsay C, Gallegos JL, Lodge JK. Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, cherries and citrus) on cognitive health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:7-22. [PMID: 35444267 PMCID: PMC9876789 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cognitive-protective effects related to the consumption of a variety of fruits are supported by several intervention studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the magnitude of effects following chronic (≥1 week) consumption of frozen, freeze-dried powder including extracts and juices of fruits, covering berries, cherries and citrus, on cognition and mood in adults. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and psycARTICLES were searched from inception until February, 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials assessing memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, mood and mini mental state examination in adult participants ≥18 years of age. Cognition was tested by global or domain specific tasks. RESULTS Out of 13,861 articles identified, 16 papers were included; 11 studies provided suitable data for meta-analysis. Fourteen studies reported improvement or trend for improvement in cognition, five studies assessed mood and one study supplementing grape juice found trend for mood improvement. From the meta-analysis, cherry juice supplementation was suggested to improve psychomotor speed by -0.37 of standardised mean difference (95% CI [-0.74, 0.01]) in reaction time (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis did not sufficiently support a role for fruits or fruit forms to improve cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Wang
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Crystal Haskell-Ramsay
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jose Lara Gallegos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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Soltanifar A, Moharreri F, Bakhtiari E, Hosseinpour A. The Effect of Adding Sour Cherry Concentrate to The Usual Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder In 6 To 12 Years Old Children. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:214-219. [PMID: 36326299 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221129307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sour cherry concentrate in symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 70 children with ADHD referred to the psychiatric clinic of Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in 2021 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received 75 ml of sour cherry concentrate twice daily in addition to the routine treatment for 2 weeks. The patients were evaluated using The Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) before and after the study by a psychiatry resident. RESULTS Based on the findings, no significant differences were observed between the groups in change percent of Cognitive impairments (p = .317), Hyperactivity/impulsivity (p = .525), Oppositional (p = .986), and ADHD index (p = .451). Moreover, 28.6% and 31.4% of children with ADHD consuming the concentrate presented abdominal pain, and asthenia, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study did not indicate a beneficial effect of sour cherry concentrate on symptoms of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Soltanifar
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moharreri
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elham Bakhtiari
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Asieh Hosseinpour
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Cheng N, Bell L, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Dietary Flavonoids and Human Cognition: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100976. [PMID: 35333451 PMCID: PMC9787524 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving cognition is important in all age groups, from performance in school examinations to prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Dietary polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, have been examined for their benefits to cognitive outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of dietary flavonoids on cognition across the lifespan. In January 2020 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating flavonoid effects on human cognition. Eighty studies, comprising 5519 participants, were included in the final meta-analysis. The global analysis indicates dietary flavonoids induced significant benefit to cognitive performance (g = 0.148, p < 0.001), with subgroup analyses revealing that cocoa (g = 0.224, p = 0.036), ginkgo (g = 0.187, p ≤ 0.001), and berries (g = 0.149, p = 0.009) yielded the most notable improvements. Significant benefits were observed from chronic studies, in middle-aged and older adults, and with low and medium doses. The domains of long-term memory, processing speed, and mood showed sensitivity to flavonoid intervention. This meta-analysis provides evidence for the positive effects of flavonoids on cognition and highlights several moderating factors. Flavonoid-based dietary interventions therefore potentially offer a highly accessible, safe, and cost-effective treatment to help tackle the burden of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cheng
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Lynne Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Daniel J. Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
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Hillman AR, Trickett O, Brodsky C, Chrismas B. Montmorency tart cherry supplementation does not impact sleep, body composition, cellular health, or blood pressure in healthy adults. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221111230. [PMID: 35790450 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances are linked with cardiovascular and metabolic disease as well as poor body composition. Aim: To investigate the use of tart cherry supplements, which are high in antioxidants and may contain melatonin, on parameters of health such as sleep, body composition, cellular health, and blood pressure (BP). Methods: Forty-four participants had completed sleep record data and were included in this analysis. Participants consumed either two 240 ml bottles per day of Montmorency tart cherry (MTC) juice or placebo or two capsules per day of powdered MTC or placebo for 30 days. Participants tracked their sleep daily via questionnaire and completed body composition and BP assessments at baseline, 14 days, and 30 days after supplementation. Results: There were no significant differences in sleep time or quality between groups, though both increased over 30 days. The capsule groups had significantly lower body mass (BM) 14 days versus baseline for placebo group (p = 0.01, mean difference: 0.70 kg) and at 30 days versus 14 days in MTC group (p = 0.02, mean difference: 0.75 kg). No other differences in body composition or cellular health were found. BP was unaffected by MTC supplementation over 30 days. Despite the potential benefits of antioxidants and melatonin, we did not find improvements in sleep time or quality, cellular health or BP in participants consuming MTC for 30 days, though BM decreased in capsule groups. Conclusion: These results conflict with previous data on MTC and sleep and BP, therefore further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Hillman
- School of Applied Health Science and Wellness, Division of Exercise Physiology, 1354Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Olivia Trickett
- School of Applied Health Science and Wellness, Division of Exercise Physiology, 1354Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Christopher Brodsky
- School of Applied Health Science and Wellness, Division of Exercise Physiology, 1354Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Bryna Chrismas
- College of Education, Department of Physical Education, 213495Qatar University, Qatar
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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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Sinclair J, Bottoms L, Dillon S, Allan R, Shadwell G, Butters B. Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry and Blueberry Juice on Cardiometabolic and Other Health-Related Outcomes: A Three-Arm Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095317. [PMID: 35564709 PMCID: PMC9103925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the influence of tart cherry and blueberry juices on cardiometabolic and other health indices following a 20-day supplementation period. Forty-five adults were randomly assigned to receive tart cherry, blueberry, or a placebo, of which they drank 60 mL per day for 20 days. The primary outcome, which was systolic blood pressure, and secondary measures, including anthropometric, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, hematological, diastolic blood pressure/resting heart rate, psychological wellbeing, and sleep efficacy, were measured before and after the intervention. There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for systolic blood pressure; however, total and LDL cholesterol were significantly improved with blueberry intake (pre: total cholesterol = 4.36 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.71 mmol/L; post: total cholesterol = 3.79 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.23 mmol/L) compared to placebo (pre: total cholesterol = 4.01 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.45 mmol/L; post: total cholesterol = 4.34 mmol/L and LDL cholesterol = 2.67 mmol/L). Furthermore, psychological wellbeing indices measured using the Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and COOP WONCA improved statistically in the blueberry arm compared to placebo. Given the clear association between lipid concentrations and the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as the importance of psychological wellbeing to health-related quality of life, this investigation indicates that it could be an effective approach to assist in managing cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sinclair
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Sport Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Stephanie Dillon
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Robert Allan
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Gareth Shadwell
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bobbie Butters
- Research Centre for Applied Sport, Physical Activity and Performance, School of Sport & Health Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (S.D.); (R.A.); (G.S.); (B.B.)
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Cheung W, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Howatson G. Polyphenol-rich tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus, cv Montmorency) improve sustained attention, feelings of alertness and mental fatigue and influence the plasma metabolome in middle-aged adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-12. [PMID: 35109960 PMCID: PMC9723490 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tart Montmorency cherries (MC) are a particularly rich source of anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have been shown to elicit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasomodulatory actions. The current study aimed to determine the influence of chronic MC supplementation on cognitive function and mood. In a 3-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study, middle-aged adults (mean ± sd: 48 ± 6 years) were randomly assigned to either 30 ml twice daily of MC (n 25) or the same amount of an isoenergetic placebo (n 25). Cognitive function and mood were assessed before and after supplementation using a computerised cognitive task battery and visual analogue scales. Cerebral blood flow was also monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy during the task battery, and questionnaires were administered to determine subjective sleep and health status and plasma metabolomics were analysed before and after supplementation. After 3 months, the MC resulted in higher accuracy in digit vigilance (mean difference: 3·3, 95 % CI: 0·2, 6·4 %) with lower number of false alarms (mean difference: -1·2, 95 % CI: -2·0, -0·4) compared with the placebo. There was also a treatment effect for higher alertness (mean difference: 5·9, 95 % CI: 1·3, 10·5 %) and lower mental fatigue ratings (mean difference -9·5, 95 % CI: -16·5, -2·5 %) with MC. Plasma metabolomics revealed an increase in a number of amino acids in response to MC intake, but not placebo. These data suggest an anti-fatiguing effect of MC supplementation as well as the ability to improve sustained attention during times of high cognitive demand, this could be related to changes in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - John K. Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Eslami O, Khorramrouz F, Ghavami A, Hajebi Khaniki S, Shidfar F. Effect of cherry consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102409. [PMID: 35108661 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of tart and sweet cherries on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to acquire the RCTs up to December 2020. RESULTS Seven RCTs comprising 201 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed that cherry supplementation does not lead to a significant decrease in SBP or DBP. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating cherries into the diet has no significant effect on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khorramrouz
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Hajebi Khaniki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Morton L, Braakhuis AJ. The Effects of Fruit-Derived Polyphenols on Cognition and Lung Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:4273. [PMID: 34959825 PMCID: PMC8708719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are plant derived nutrients that influence oxidative stress and inflammation and therefore may have positive benefits on cognition and lung function. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and lung capacity in healthy adults. In August 2020 and October 2021, Medline and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant studies examining the effects of fruit derived polyphenol intakes on cognition and/or lung function in healthy adults (<70 years old). Fourteen studies related to cognition (409 healthy subjects) and seven lung/respiratory studies (20,788 subjects) were used for the systematic review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The meta-analysis (using six cognition and three lung function studies) indicated a protective effect on lung function from dietary intakes of fruit-derived polyphenols. Neither a benefit nor decrement from fruit-derived polyphenol intakes were detected for cognition. Human intervention trials examining the effects of polyphenol supplementation on lung function in healthy adults are scarce and intervention studies are warranted. More conclusive results are needed to provide recommendations for polyphenol supplementation to support aspects of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Morton
- Faculty of Medical & Health Science, Grafton Campus, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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Gutierrez L, Folch A, Rojas M, Cantero JL, Atienza M, Folch J, Camins A, Ruiz A, Papandreou C, Bulló M. Effects of Nutrition on Cognitive Function in Adults with or without Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113728. [PMID: 34835984 PMCID: PMC8621754 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment are being investigated. However, evidence from dietary interventions is mainly from food and nutrient supplement interventions, with inconsistent results and high heterogeneity between trials. We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in MEDLINE-PubMed, from January 2018 to July 2021, investigating the impact of dietary counseling, as well as food-based and dietary supplement interventions on cognitive function in adults with or without cognitive impairment. Based on the search strategy, 197 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 61 articles were included in the analysis. There was reasonable evidence that dietary patterns, as well as food and dietary supplements improved cognitive domains or measures of brain integrity. The Mediterranean diet showed promising results, whereas the role of the DASH diet was not clear. Healthy food consumption improved cognitive function, although the quality of these studies was relatively low. The role of dietary supplements was mixed, with strong evidence of the benefits of polyphenols and combinations of nutrients, but with low evidence for PUFAs, vitamin D, specific protein, amino acids, and other types of supplements. Further well-designed RCTs are needed to guide the development of dietary approaches for the prevention of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gutierrez
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Alexandre Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Melina Rojas
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - José Luis Cantero
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mercedes Atienza
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.L.C.); (M.A.)
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Jaume Folch
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoni Camins
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain; (L.G.); (A.F.); (M.R.); (J.F.)
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Research Group, Institute of Health Pere Virgili—IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain;
- CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-775-9388
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16
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Kimble R, Murray L, Keane KM, Haggerty K, Howatson G, Lodge JK. The influence of tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus) on vascular function and the urinary metabolome: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e73. [PMID: 34589205 PMCID: PMC8453453 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Montmorency tart cherries (MC) have been found to modulate indices of vascular function with interventions of varying duration. The objective of this preliminary study was to identify the chronic effects of MC supplementation on vascular function and the potential for urinary metabolomics to provide mechanistic evidence. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised study on 23 healthy individuals (18M, 7F) that consumed 30 ml MC or a placebo twice daily for 28 days. Whole body measures of vascular function and spot urine collections were taken at baseline and after supplementation. There were no significant changes to vascular function including blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolite profiling highlighted significant changes (P < 0⋅001) with putative discriminatory metabolites related to tryptophan and histidine metabolism. Overall, MC supplementation for 28 days does not improve indices of vascular function but changes to the urinary metabolome could be suggestive of potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy Murray
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Haggerty
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K. Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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17
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Hepsomali P, Greyling A, Scholey A, Vauzour D. Acute Effects of Polyphenols on Human Attentional Processes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:678769. [PMID: 34108860 PMCID: PMC8180591 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.678769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of polyphenols on cognitive functions have been extensively studied. Due to the large heterogeneity in the study designs, however, it is often difficult to interpret their efficacy. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine whether acute polyphenol intake may have a beneficial effect on cognition and specifically on the accuracy and speed of attention. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched for studies published up to end of August 2020 following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021232109). Only placebo-controlled human intervention trials that assessed acute effects of polyphenols on accuracy and speed of attention were included in the meta-analyses. When cognitive tasks were repeated over time, pooled means and standard deviations for intervention and placebo over repetitions separately for each task for both speed and accuracy were calculated. We also conducted separate analyses focusing only on the last repetition. Furthermore, confounding effects of age and source of polyphenols were also considered. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled analysis of last task repetitions showed that the acute consumption of polyphenols improved rapid visual information processing speed in young participants (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI = [0.03-0.50]; I 2= 0%; p = 0.02; k = 5). All other analyses did not reach significance. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that acute polyphenol consumption might improve speed in rapid visual information processing task, a higher order task with elements of vigilance, working memory, and executive function, in young participants; however, as the current literature is inconsistent and limited, further acute intervention studies are warranted to achieve more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piril Hepsomali
- Unilever R&D, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - David Vauzour
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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18
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Howatson G. The Influence of Tart Cherry ( Prunus cerasus, cv Montmorency) Concentrate Supplementation for 3 Months on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:1417. [PMID: 33922493 PMCID: PMC8145763 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart Montmorency cherries (MC) have been shown to be rich in anthocyanins and other phytochemicals known to have anti-inflammatory properties and influence pathways that might improve cardiometabolic health. However, there is limited evidence for the longer-term use of tart cherries on these indices. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of MC concentrate on cardiometabolic health indices following a 3-month supplementation period. METHODS Fifty middle-aged adults (34 males and 16 females; mean ± SD age: 48 ± 6 years and BMI: 27.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed a randomised, placebo-controlled parallel study in which they either received MC or an isocaloric placebo. Participants drank 30 mL of their allocated treatment twice per day for 3 months. Vascular function (blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR], pulse wave velocity and analysis [PWV/A], and flow mediated dilation [FMD]) as well as indices of metabolic health (insulin, glucose, lipid profiles, and high sensitivity C reactive protein) were measured following an overnight fast before and after the 3 months. RESULTS No effect of the intervention between the groups was observed for vascular function or metabolic health variables following the intervention (p > 0.05). However, MC concentrate was shown to be safe and well-tolerated and, importantly, did not have any deleterious effects on these outcomes. In conclusion, MC has no influence on cardiometabolic indices in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, School of Science and Computing, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland;
| | - John K. Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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19
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Sabou VR, O'Leary MF, Liu Y, Brown PN, Murch S, Bowtell JL. Review of Analytical Methods and Reporting of the Polyphenol Content of Tart Cherry Supplements in Human Supplementation Studies Investigating Health and Exercise Performance Effects: Recommendations for Good Practice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:652094. [PMID: 33842524 PMCID: PMC8032894 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.652094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tart cherries (TC) are a rich source of polyphenols that elicit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As a consequence, the effects of TC derived supplements on markers of human health, exercise performance and sleep have been investigated. Supplementation protocols have been highly variable across studies and the dose of bioactive compounds used has often been poorly characterized. Specific and non-specific analytical methods were employed for measuring the total polyphenol and anthocyanin content in TC supplements. This review critically analyses the supplementation protocols and the analytical methods used for the characterization of TC supplements, culminating in recommendations for good practice in the analysis and reporting of the polyphenol content and profile of TC products. A literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline and Web of Science up to May 4th, 2020, including studies published in all years prior. Only articles written in English that provided a TC dietary supplement as opposed to fresh whole TC were included in this review. Forty-three studies were identified as eligible and included for analysis in this review. The studies investigated the effects of TC supplementation on various aspects of human health, exercise recovery and performance and sleep. Twenty studies conducted an analysis of TC supplement and reported total polyphenol/anthocyanin content. Six studies did not report the polyphenol content of the TC supplement used. Seventeen studies reported the TC supplement polyphenol content but this was derived from previously published studies and presumably different supplement batches. The duration of the supplementation protocol ranged from acute supplementation to 84 days, meanwhile the total polyphenol and anthocyanin dose ranged from 143 to 2,140 mg/day and 15 to 547 mg/day, respectively. Due to the variety of specific and non-specific analytical methods used, the relative efficacy of different doses and polyphenol blends cannot reliably be extrapolated from critical analysis of the literature. Future studies should conduct an analysis of the study supplement batch. In addition to analysis and reporting of total polyphenol content, specific analytical methods such as HPLC UV/MS should be used to quantify total and individual anthocyanin contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad R Sabou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F O'Leary
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Liu
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Groups, BC Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Paula N Brown
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Groups, BC Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Susan Murch
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joanna L Bowtell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
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20
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Yang W, Cui K, Li X, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Song R, Qi X, Xu W. Effect of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function: Evidence from Population-Based Studies and Clinical Trials. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1190-1204. [PMID: 34866146 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to progressive population aging, a new dementia case occurs at every 3 seconds, placing a heavy burden of disease. Identifying potential risk or preventive factors is emphasized owing to a lack of effective treatment for dementia. There has been emerging evidence on the link of certain dietary components, particularly polyphenols, to brain wellness and cognitive outcomes. Findings from animal and in vitro studies appear more consistent and conclusive. However, such an association has not been investigated in depth in human beings. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols (including flavonoids, curcumin, and resveratrol) on cognitive function. Intervention in early stages of dementia/Alzheimer's disease might be a target to slow down age-related cognitive decline before disease onset. We summarized 28 epidemiological studies (8 cross-sectional and 20 cohort studies) and 55 trials in this review. Preliminary evidence from epidemiological data provides the necessity for intervention trials, even though the measures of polyphenol intake tend to be less precise. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in benefiting specific domains of cognition. This review also describes the divergence of results and current limitations of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yang
- Weili Xu and Xiuying Qi, Professors, Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, 300070, Tianjin, PR, China, ; ; Weili Xu, Associate Professor and Senior Researcher, Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A Floor 10, SE-171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Phone: +46 8 524 858 26;
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21
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Johnson SA, Navaei N, Pourafshar S, Jaime SJ, Akhavan NS, Alvarez-Alvarado S, Proaño GV, Litwin NS, Clark EA, Foley EM, George KS, Elam ML, Payton ME, Arjmandi BH, Figueroa A. Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry Juice Consumption on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. J Med Food 2020; 23:1238-1247. [PMID: 32429737 PMCID: PMC7757578 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater than one-third of adults in the United States have metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of risk factors highly associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Premature vascular dysfunction in MetS may lead to accelerated age-related atherogenesis and arterial stiffening, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. Montmorency tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) are rich in bioactive compounds, such as anthocyanins, known to exert cardiovascular protective effects. Previous research suggests that tart cherry juice consumption may improve cardiovascular health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of tart cherry juice on hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health in men and women with MetS. In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm pilot clinical trial, 19 men and women 20 to 60 years of age with MetS consumed 240 mL of tart cherry juice (Tart Cherry; n = 5 males, 4 females) or an isocaloric placebo-control drink (Control; n = 5 males, 5 females) twice daily for 12 weeks. Arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), brachial and aortic blood pressures, wave reflection (augmentation index), and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health were assessed at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were significantly lower (P = .047 and P = .036, respectively) in Tart Cherry than Control at 12 weeks, but were not significantly lower than baseline values. There was a trend for total cholesterol to be lower (P = .08) in Tart Cherry than Control at 12 weeks. No significant changes were observed in hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, or other blood biomarkers assessed. These results suggest that daily tart cherry consumption may attenuate processes involved in accelerated atherogenesis without affecting hemodynamics or arterial stiffness parameters in this population. The pilot nature of this study warrants interpreting these findings with caution, and future clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Negin Navaei
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Life University, Marietta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Salvador J. Jaime
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neda S. Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriela V. Proaño
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole S. Litwin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Clark
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli S. George
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Marcus L. Elam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Mark E. Payton
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise & Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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BAYRAM HM, ÖZTÜRKCAN A. Antosiyanince Zengin Kiraz Grubu Meyvelerin İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkilerini İnceleyen Klinik Çalışmalara Bir Bakış. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.748640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Ho KKHY, Ferruzzi MG, Wightman JD. Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:145-174. [PMID: 31532485 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources of chlorogenic acid and flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, and flavanone intake, making them complementary sources of dietary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to provide an overview of fruit (poly)phenols and their potential health benefits. Fruit (poly)phenols have been associated with several health benefits (eg, reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on 100% fruit juice consumption are controversial due to the perception of sugar content, growing evidence supports the role of fruit in whole and 100% juice forms to provide consumer benefits in alignment with dietary guidance. However, differences in (poly)phenol profiles and bioavailability likely exist between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice due to processing and the presence/absence of fiber. Ongoing studies are better defining similarities and differences between whole fruit and 100% fruit juice to elucidate protective mechanisms and align with processing and consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K H Y Ho
- Kacie K.H.Y. Ho is with the Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Mario G. Ferruzzi is with the Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoLynne D Wightman
- JoLynne D. Wightman is with Welch Foods Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
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Effects of short-term continuous Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation in participants with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1587-1603. [PMID: 32789528 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) augments the incidence of cardiovascular disease by two-fold and type II diabetes mellitus by five-fold. Montmorency tart cherries are rich in phytochemicals shown to improve biomarkers related to cardio-metabolic health in humans. This study aimed to examine cardio-metabolic responses after 7-days Montmorency tart cherry juice (MTCJ) supplementation and also acute on short-term supplementation responses to a single bolus, in humans with MetS. METHODS In a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 12 participants with MetS (50 ± 10 years; 6M/6F), consumed MTCJ or placebo (PLA) for 7 days. Blood-based and functional cardio-metabolic biomarkers were measured pre- and post-supplementation, and acute responses measured pre-bolus and up to 5 h post-bolus on the 7th day. RESULTS 24-h ambulatory systolic (P = 0.016), diastolic (P = 0.009) blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (P = 0.041) were significantly lower after 7-days MTCJ supplementation compared to PLA. Glucose (P = 0.038), total cholesterol (P = 0.036), LDL (P = 0.023) concentrations, total cholesterol:HDL ratio (P = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio values (P = 0.009) were significantly lower after 6-days MTCJ consumption compared to PLA. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time in humans that MTCJ significantly improved 24-h BP, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and total cholesterol:HDL ratio, and also lowered resting respiratory exchange ratio compared to a control group. Responses demonstrated clinically relevant improvements on aspects of cardio-metabolic function, emphasising the potential efficacy of MTCJ in preventing further cardio-metabolic dysregulation in participants with MetS. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03619941).
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Combined anthocyanins and bromelain supplement improves endothelial function and skeletal muscle oxygenation status in adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised crossover clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:161-171. [PMID: 32660675 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and bromelain have gained significant attention due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Both have been shown to improve endothelial function, blood pressure (BP) and oxygen utility capacity in humans; however, the combination of these two and the impacts on endothelial function, BP, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxygen utility capacity have not been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of a combined anthocyanins and bromelain supplement (BE) on endothelial function, BP, TAC, oxygen utility capacity and fatigability in healthy adults. Healthy adults (n 18, age 24 (sd 4) years) received BE or placebo in a randomised crossover design. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), BP, TAC, resting heart rate, oxygen utility capacity and fatigability were measured pre- and post-BE and placebo intake. The BE group showed significantly increased FMD, reduced systolic BP and improved oxygen utility capacity compared with the placebo group (P < 0·05). Tissue saturation and oxygenated Hb significantly increased following BE intake, while deoxygenated Hb significantly decreased (P < 0·05) during exercise. Additionally, TAC was significantly increased following BE intake (P < 0·05). There were no significant differences for resting heart rate, diastolic BP or fatigability index. These results suggest that BE intake is an effective nutritional therapy for improving endothelial function, BP, TAC and oxygen utility capacity, which may be beneficial to support vascular health in humans.
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Montmorency tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) acts as a calorie restriction mimetic that increases intestinal fat and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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de Mejia EG, Zhang Q, Penta K, Eroglu A, Lila MA. The Colors of Health: Chemistry, Bioactivity, and Market Demand for Colorful Foods and Natural Food Sources of Colorants. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2020; 11:145-182. [PMID: 32126181 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing consumer demand for natural colors in foods. However, there is a limited number of available natural food sources for use by the food industry because of technical and regulatory limitations. Natural colors are less stable and have less vibrant hues compared to their synthetic color counterparts. Natural pigments also have known health benefits that are seldom leveraged by the food industry. Betalains, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and anthocyanins are major food colorants used in the food industry that have documented biological effects, particularly in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The color industry needs new sources of stable, functional, and safe natural food colorants. New opportunities include sourcing new colors from microbial sources and via the use of genetic biotechnology. In all cases, there is an imperative need for toxicological evaluation to pave the way for their regulatory approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kayla Penta
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Chai SC, Jerusik J, Davis K, Wright RS, Zhang Z. Effect of Montmorency tart cherry juice on cognitive performance in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2020; 10:4423-4431. [PMID: 31287117 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the development of cognitive impairment. Our previous study demonstrated that tart cherry juice can lower systolic blood pressure (BP) and improve inflammatory and oxidative stress status in older adults. As part of our previous trial, we explored whether daily consumption of tart cherry juice would improve cognitive abilities. In this randomized controlled trial, 37 adults between the ages of 65-80 with normal cognitive function were recruited and randomly assigned to consume two cups of Montmorency tart cherry juice for 12 weeks. Subjective memory and objective cognitive performance were assessed at baseline and after the 12-week juice supplementation using a validated subjective memory questionnaire and a standardized battery of tests. Daily caloric intake and physical activity levels were assessed throughout the study period. After the intervention, participants in the tart cherry group had higher contentment with memory scores (mean difference of 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.2; p = 0.02), lowered their scores of movement time (mean difference of -10.4; 95% CI: -13.4 to -7.5; p = 0.03) as well as performed better on the paired associates learning task (mean difference of -8.5; 95% CI: -12.5 to -4.5; p = 0.02) compared to the control group. The within-group analysis showed that the visual sustained attention (p < 0.0001) and spatial working memory (p = 0.06) improved after the 12-week consumption of tart cherry juice compared with corresponding baseline values. Daily tart cherry juice consumption may improve cognitive abilities. This may be through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of tart cherry and its ability to lower BP. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau C Chai
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Jessica Jerusik
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Kristina Davis
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Regina S Wright
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Zugui Zhang
- Value Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE 19718, USA
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Cook MD, Sandu BSc Hons AK, Joyce PhD JP. Effect of New Zealand Blackcurrant on Blood Pressure, Cognitive Function and Functional Performance in Older Adults. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 39:99-113. [PMID: 31902311 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2019.1707740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) can increase exercise performance in young adults, potentially by anthocyanin-induced cardiovascular function alterations and increased blood flow, however, effects upon blood pressure, functional exercise performance and cognitive function in older adults is unknown. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 14 older adults (age: 69 ± 4 years, height: 172 ± 9 cm, body mass: 85 ± 12) ingested NZBC extract (600 mg·day-1 CurraNZ™) or placebo (PL, 600 mg microcrystalline cellulose) for 7-days (7-day washout between conditions). On day-7, 2-hours following consumption of the capsules, resting blood pressure, cognitive function (Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery) and 6-minute walk test performance and were measured. Intake of NZBC caused a decrease (p < 0.05) in systolic (PL: 136 ± 14; NZBC: 130 ± 12 mmHg) and diastolic (PL: 84 ± 11; NZBC 78 ± 6 mmHg) blood pressure. There was no effect on 6-minute walk performance or cognitive function variables. Future research should address optimization of intake and examine cardiovascular responses during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew David Cook
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
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Rajaram S, Jones J, Lee GJ. Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Plant Foods, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S422-S436. [PMID: 31728502 PMCID: PMC6855948 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population is expanding, as is the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Of the several risk factors that predict the onset and progression of ARCD, 2 important modifiable risk factors are diet and physical activity. Dietary patterns that emphasize plant foods can exert neuroprotective effects. In this comprehensive review, we examine studies in humans of plant-based dietary patterns and polyphenol-rich plant foods and their role in either preventing ARCD and/or improving cognitive function. As yet, there is no direct evidence to support the benefits of a vegetarian diet in preventing cognitive decline. However, there is emerging evidence for brain-health-promoting effects of several plant foods rich in polyphenols, anti-inflammatory dietary patterns, and plant-based dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. The bioactive compounds present in these dietary patterns include antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, other phytochemicals, and unsaturated fatty acids. In animal models these nutrients and non-nutrients have been shown to enhance neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the mounting evidence in favor of plant-centered dietary patterns, inclusive of polyphenol-rich foods for cognitive well-being. Randomized clinical trials support the role of plant foods (citrus fruits, grapes, berries, cocoa, nuts, green tea, and coffee) in improving specific domains of cognition, most notably frontal executive function. We also identify knowledge gaps and recommend future studies to identify whether plant-exclusive diets have an added cognitive advantage compared with plant-centered diets with fish and/or small amounts of animal foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA,Address correspondence to SR (e-mail: )
| | - Julie Jones
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Grace J Lee
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Vendrame S, Klimis-Zacas D. Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061431. [PMID: 31242638 PMCID: PMC6628116 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of anthocyanins (ACNs) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. While the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects of ACN consumption have been consistently reported, their effect(s) on blood pressure regulation is less consistent and results from human studies are mixed. The objective of this review is attempting to identify potential patterns which may explain the variability in results related to blood pressure. To do so, we review 66 human intervention trials testing the effects on blood pressure of purified ACN or ACN-rich extracts, or whole berries, berry juices, powders, purees and whole phenolic extracts, from berries that are rich in ACN and have ACNs as predominant bioactives. Several factors appear to be involved on the mixed results reported. In particular, the baseline characteristics of the population in terms of blood pressure and total flavonoid intake, the dose and duration of the intervention, the differential effects of individual ACN and their synergistic effects with other phytochemicals, the ACN content and bioavailability from the food matrix, and individual differences in ACN absorption and metabolism related to genotype and microbiota enterotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Desai T, Roberts M, Bottoms L. Effects of Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on cardio-metabolic markers in metabolic syndrome participants: A pilot study. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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33
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Davis GR, Bellar D. Montmorency cherry supplement does not affect aerobic exercise performance in healthy men. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:403-410. [PMID: 30932750 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effects of short-term Montmorency cherry (MC) supplementation upon exercise performance, total blood nitrate levels, muscle oxygenation, and slow-component [Formula: see text]O2 kinetics. Methods: Twelve healthy male participants ingested a MC or placebo (PL) supplement in a randomized cross-over fashion over a six day period then cycled at a power output achieved at 70% of [Formula: see text]O2 peak for a maximum of 30 minutes or until exhaustion. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy sensors were used to determine muscle oxygenation. Blood was collected one hour post-supplement consumption on day one, day six, and one hour post-exercise. Results: All results are presented as mean ± SEM. Blood nitrate (μM/L) levels were not different one hour post-ingestion (MC = 8.30 ± 2.15, PL = 8.18 ± 1.86), following six days of supplementation (MC = 9.14 ± 1.89, PL = 7.24 ± 1.75) or one hour post-exercise (MC = 9.63 ± 1.61, PL = 7.97 ± 1.92) for treatment F = 0.26, p = 0.62; for time F = 0.45, p = 0.64; or treatment by time interaction F = 2.28, p = 0.13. Muscle oxygenation was not different between treatments for the right or left vastus lateralis, F = 0.68, p = 0.81 nor was time to respiratory compensation point (minutes) (MC = 18.40 ± 1.48, PL = 17.16 ± 1.78) F = 0.52, p = 0.60. MC supplement ingestion does not alter blood nitrate levels. Conclusion: Short-term MC ingestion does not increase muscle oxygenation during cycling exercise nor does it change slow-component [Formula: see text]O2 kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bellar
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA
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34
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Blando F, Oomah BD. Sweet and sour cherries: Origin, distribution, nutritional composition and health benefits. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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35
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A pilot dose-response study of the acute effects of haskap berry extract (Lonicera caerulea L.) on cognition, mood, and blood pressure in older adults. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3325-3334. [PMID: 30535796 PMCID: PMC6842388 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L. or blue honeysuckle) is a plant native to the low-lying wet areas and mountains of Siberia and northeastern Asia, but is now cultivated in Canada. The dark blue berries are rich in anthocyanins, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Previously, anthocyanin-rich fruits have been observed to benefit cognitive performance during the immediate postprandial period following a single acute dose. However, no study has currently examined the potential for haskap berries to influence cognitive performance. Here, we investigate the acute cognitive benefits of an anthocyanin-rich haskap berry extract. Methods A double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover intervention study compared the acute effects of three separate haskap berry extract doses, containing 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg anthocyanins, with a sugar-matched placebo. Participants were an opportunity sample of 20 older adults, aged 62–81 years. Measures of cognition, mood, and blood pressure were recorded at baseline and 1.5 h postprandially. Results Compared to placebo, the 400 mg dose elicited significantly lower diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Both 200 mg and 400 mg doses elicited significantly higher word recall, with the 400 mg dose also significantly improving word recognition scores, on an episodic memory task. However, mood, working memory and executive function task results were more equivocal. Conclusions The findings provide evidence for improvements in episodic memory and blood pressure following acute supplementation with haskap berry extract, with higher doses appearing most effective. The cognitive findings concur with previous literature that suggests episodic memory effects, and not executive function effects, are most prevalent in older adults following anthocyanin-rich berry supplementation. The blood pressure outcome is consistent with a vasodilatory mechanism of action.
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36
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The effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation and FATMAX exercise on fat oxidation rates and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2523-2539. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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37
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Keane KM, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM, Howatson G. Effects of montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus Cerasus) consumption on nitric oxide biomarkers and exercise performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1746-1756. [PMID: 29566443 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Montmorency tart cherry juice (MC) on nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers, vascular function, and exercise performance. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, crossover study, 10 trained cyclists (mean ± SD; V˙O2peak 59.0 ± 7.0 mL/kg/min) acutely ingested 30 mL of either MC or PLA following dietary restrictions of polyphenol-rich compounds and completed 6-minutes moderate- and severe-intensity cycling bouts 1.5 hour post-ingestion on 2 occasions for each experimental condition. The severe-intensity cycling test was continued to exhaustion on 1 occasion and immediately followed by a 60-seconds all-out sprint on the other occasion. Blood pressure, pulse wave measures, tissue oxygenation index, and plasma nitrite concentration were assessed pre- and 1.5 hour post-ingestion. Time to exhaustion was not different between conditions (P > .05), but peak power over the first 20 seconds (363 ± 42 vs 330 ± 26 W) and total work completed during the 60-seconds all-out sprint (21 ± 3 vs 19 ± 3 kJ) were 10% higher in the MC trial compared to the PLA trial (P < .05). Systolic blood pressure was 5 ± 2 mm Hg lower 1.5 hour post-MC supplementation compared to PLA supplementation (P < .05). There were no differences in pulse wave measures, plasma nitrite concentration, or tissue oxygenation between the MC and PLA trials (P > .05). These results suggest that acute supplementation with MC can lower blood pressure and improve some aspects of exercise performance, specifically end-sprint performance, in trained cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Keane
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S J Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - A Vanhatalo
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - G Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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38
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Mayta-Apaza AC, Pottgen E, De Bodt J, Papp N, Marasini D, Howard L, Abranko L, Van de Wiele T, Lee SO, Carbonero F. Impact of tart cherries polyphenols on the human gut microbiota and phenolic metabolites in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:160-172. [PMID: 30055451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tart cherries have been reported to exert potential health benefits attributed to their specific and abundant polyphenol content. However, there is a need to study the impact and fate of tart cherries polyphenols in the gut microbiota. Here, tart cherries, pure polyphenols (and apricots) were submitted to in vitro bacterial fermentation assays and assessed through 16S rRNA gene sequence sequencing and metabolomics. A short-term (5 days, 8 oz. daily) human dietary intervention study was also conducted for microbiota analyses. Tart cherry concentrate juices were found to contain expected abundances of anthocyanins (cyanidin-glycosylrutinoside) and flavonoids (quercetin-rutinoside) and high amounts of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids. Targeted metabolomics confirmed that gut microbes were able to degrade those polyphenols mainly to 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acids and to lower amounts of epicatechin and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. Tart cherries were found to induce a large increase of Bacteroides in vitro, likely due to the input of polysaccharides, but prebiotic effect was also suggested by Bifidobacterium increase from chlorogenic acid. In the human study, two distinct and inverse responses to tart cherry consumption were associated with initial levels of Bacteroides. High-Bacteroides individuals responded with a decrease in Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, and an increase of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Collinsella. Low-Bacteroides individuals responded with an increase in Bacteroides or Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, and a decrease of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Collinsella. These data confirm that gut microbiota metabolism, in particular the potential existence of different metabotypes, needs to be considered in studies attempting to link tart cherries consumption and health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Pottgen
- Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jana De Bodt
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nora Papp
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daya Marasini
- Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Luke Howard
- Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Laszlo Abranko
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Szent István University, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of BioScience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sun-Ok Lee
- Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, United States
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, United States.
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Kelley DS, Adkins Y, Laugero KD. A Review of the Health Benefits of Cherries. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030368. [PMID: 29562604 PMCID: PMC5872786 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress contributes to development and progression of several human chronic inflammatory diseases. Cherries are a rich source of polyphenols and vitamin C which have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our aim is to summarize results from human studies regarding health benefits of both sweet and tart cherries, including products made from them (juice, powder, concentrate, capsules); all referred to as cherries here. We found 29 (tart 20, sweet 7, unspecified 2) published human studies which examined health benefits of consuming cherries. Most of these studies were less than 2 weeks of duration (range 5 h to 3 months) and served the equivalent of 45 to 270 cherries/day (anthocyanins 55–720 mg/day) in single or split doses. Two-thirds of these studies were randomized and placebo controlled. Consumption of cherries decreased markers for oxidative stress in 8/10 studies; inflammation in 11/16; exercise-induced muscle soreness and loss of strength in 8/9; blood pressure in 5/7; arthritis in 5/5, and improved sleep in 4/4. Cherries also decreased hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) in diabetic women, and VLDL and TG/HDL in obese participants. These results suggest that consumption of sweet or tart cherries can promote health by preventing or decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan S Kelley
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CV 95616, USA.
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