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Rogers MC, Heintz RA, Vollenweider JJ, Sreenivasan A, Miller KB. Climate change-informed dietary modeling in Pacific cod: Experimentally-derived effects of temperature and dietary quality on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope trophic discrimination factors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295564. [PMID: 38060595 PMCID: PMC10703269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool for dietary modeling and trophic ecology research. A crucial piece of information for isotopic dietary modeling is the accurate estimation of trophic discrimination factors (TDFs), or the isotopic offset between a consumer's tissue and its diet. In order to parameterize stable isotope dietary models for future climate scenarios, we investigated the effect of water temperature and dietary protein and lipid content on TDFs in juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Pacific cod are a commercially and ecologically important species, with stock numbers in the northeast Pacific recently having dropped by more than 70%. We tested four water temperatures (6, 8, 10, and 12°C) and two dietary regimens (low and high lipid content), representing a range of potential ocean temperature and prey quality scenarios, in order to determine carbon and nitrogen TDFs in juvenile Pacific cod. Additionally, we assessed dietary intake and proximate composition of the experimental fish in order to estimate consumption, assimilation, and retention of dietary nutrients. The results of this study suggest that dietary protein catabolism is a primary driver of nitrogen TDF variability in juvenile Pacific cod. Across all temperature treatments from 6 to 12°C, fish reared on the lower quality, lower lipid content diet had higher nitrogen TDFs. The mean TDFs for fish raised on the higher lipid, lower protein diet were +3.40 ‰ for nitrogen (Δ15N) and +0.36 ‰ for lipid-corrected carbon (Δ LC 13C). The mean TDFs for fish raised on the lower lipid, higher protein diet were +4.09 ‰ for nitrogen (Δ15N) and 0.00 ‰ for lipid-corrected carbon (Δ LC 13C). Lipid-corrected carbon isotope data showed that, regardless of temperature, fish consuming the lower lipid diet had essentially no trophic discrimination between diet and bulk tissues. We found no ecologically meaningful differences in TDFs due to water temperature across the 6°experimental range. The results of this experiment demonstrate that dietary quality, and more specifically the use of dietary protein for energetic needs, is a primary driver of trophic discrimination factors. The TDFs determined in this study can be applied to understanding trophic ecology in Pacific cod and closely related species under rapidly changing prey availability and ocean temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Rogers
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Ron A. Heintz
- Sitka Sound Science Center, Sitka, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Johanna J. Vollenweider
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Ashwin Sreenivasan
- University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Katharine B. Miller
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, Alaska, United States of America
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Lépine G, Huneau JF, Rémond D, Mathé V, David J, Hermier D, Guérin-Deremaux L, Lefranc-Millot C, Poupin N, Mariotti F, Polakof S, Fouillet H. Compared with Milk Protein, a Wheat and Pea Protein Blend Reduces High-Fat, High-Sucrose Induced Metabolic Dysregulations while Similarly Supporting Tissue Protein Anabolism in Rats. J Nutr 2023; 153:645-656. [PMID: 36931747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant proteins (PPs) have been associated with better cardiovascular health than animal proteins (APs) in epidemiological studies. However, the underlying metabolic mechanisms remain mostly unknown. OBJECTIVES Using a combination of cutting-edge isotopic methods, we aimed to better characterize the differences in protein and energy metabolisms induced by dietary protein sources (PP compared with AP) in a prudent or western dietary context. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 44, 8 wk old) were fed for 4.5 mo with isoproteic diets differing in their protein isolate sources, either AP (100% milk) or PP (50%:50% pea: wheat) and being normal (NFS) or high (HFS) in sucrose (6% or 15% kcal) and saturated fat (7% or 20% kcal), respectively. We measured body weight and composition, hepatic enzyme activities and lipid content, and plasma metabolites. In the intestine, liver, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles, we concomitantly assessed the extent of amino acid (AA) trafficking using a 15N natural abundance method, the rates of macronutrient routing to dispensable AA using a 13C natural abundance method, and the metabolic fluxes of protein synthesis (PS) and de novo lipogenesis using a 2H labeling method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Mixed models. RESULTS At the whole-body level, PP limited HFS-induced insulin resistance (-27% in HOMA-IR between HFS groups, P < 0.05). In the liver, PP induced lower lipid content (-17%, P < 0.01) and de novo lipogenesis (-24%, P < 0.05). In the different tissues studied, PP induced higher AA transamination accompanied by higher routings of dietary carbohydrates and lipids toward dispensable AA synthesis by glycolysis and β-oxidation, resulting in similar tissue PS and protein mass. CONCLUSIONS In growing rats, compared with AP, a balanced blend of PP similarly supports protein anabolism while better limiting whole-body and tissue metabolic dysregulations through mechanisms related to their less optimal AA profile for direct channeling to PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France; Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérémie David
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
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Wei W, Zi T, Yang R, Xu J, Chen Y, Jiang X, Chu X, Yang X, Jiang W. A Newly Developed Indicator of Overeating Saturated Fat Based on Serum Fatty Acids and Amino Acids and Its Association With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From Two Randomized Controlled Feeding Trials and a Prospective Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897375. [PMID: 35774548 PMCID: PMC9237542 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyper-caloric intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is common in modern societies, probably contributing to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study conducted two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for developing a new indicator that can assess the nutritional status and examined its association with incidence of T2DM. Methods In RCT 1, healthy participants were randomly assigned into three groups, namely, control group (n = 40), overfeeding group 1 (100 g butter per day, n = 37), and overfeeding group 2 (120 g butter per day, n = 37). In RCT 2, healthy subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, namely, control group (n = 52) and high-fat group (300-extra kcal/day from diet that was designed by high-fat diet, n = 58). In the prospective cohort, 4,057 participants aged 20–74 years were enrolled and followed up over 5.3 years. Serum profiles of fatty acids and amino acids were measured. Results In RCT 1, serum fatty acids, including C14:0 and C18:0, increased, whereas C18:2, C20:4, C22:5, and C22:6 decreased; serum amino acids, including tyrosine, alanine, and aminobutyric acid, increased, whereas histidine and glycine decreased (p < 0.05). Among these serum fatty acids and amino acids, changes in C14:0, C20:4, tyrosine, histidine, and glycine were also observed in RCT 2. An indicator was developed based on the five fatty acids and amino acids, namely, C14:0 × tyrosine × 1,000/[C20:4 × (glycine + histidine)], and it significantly identified participants in the intervention group with area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI) being 0.85 (0.77–0.92). The indicator was significantly associated with incidence of T2DM in the prospective cohort with HRs (95% CIs) from bottom quartile to top quartile being 1,1.21 (0.82–1.77), 1.60 (1.12–2.30), 2.04 (1.42–2.94). Conclusion The newly developed indicator in RCTs can be used in assessing the nutritional status of hypercaloric intake of SFA and predicting the development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Zi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunyan Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - XiTao Jiang
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Xia Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Yang,
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Wenbo Jiang,
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Differential and Synergistic Effects of Low Birth Weight and Western Diet on Skeletal Muscle Vasculature, Mitochondrial Lipid Metabolism and Insulin Signaling in Male Guinea Pigs. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124315. [PMID: 34959870 PMCID: PMC8704817 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) offspring are at increased risk for developing insulin resistance, a key precursor in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Altered skeletal muscle vasculature, extracellular matrix, amino acid and mitochondrial lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling are implicated in this pathogenesis. Using uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) to induce intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and LBW in the guinea pig, we investigated the relationship between UPI-induced IUGR/LBW and later life skeletal muscle arteriole density, fibrosis, amino acid and mitochondrial lipid metabolism, markers of insulin signaling and glucose uptake, and how a postnatal high-fat, high-sugar “Western” diet (WD) modulates these changes. Muscle of 145-day-old male LBW glucose-tolerant offspring displayed diminished vessel density and altered acylcarnitine levels. Disrupted muscle insulin signaling despite maintained whole-body glucose homeostasis also occurred in both LBW and WD-fed male “lean” offspring. Additionally, postnatal WD unmasked LBW-induced impairment of mitochondrial lipid metabolism, as reflected by increased acylcarnitine accumulation. This study provides evidence that early markers of skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction appear to be influenced by the in utero environment and interact with a high-fat/high-sugar postnatal environment to exacerbate altered mitochondrial lipid metabolism, promoting mitochondrial overload.
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Hedrick VE, Halliday TM, Davy BM, Zoellner JM, Jahren AH. A Single-Carbon Stable Isotope Ratio Model Prediction Equation Can Estimate Self-Reported Added Sugars Intake in an Adult Population Living in Southwest Virginia. Nutrients 2021; 13:3842. [PMID: 34836098 PMCID: PMC8617603 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The δ13C value of blood is a novel proposed biomarker of added sugars (AS) intake. AS prediction equations using either a single- (δ13C) or dual-isotope model (δ13C and δ15N) were previously developed in an adult population with high AS intake living in southwest Virginia (reference group). The purpose of this investigation was to test the δ13C single- and δ13C and δ15N dual-isotope prediction equations for AS intake in adults with a lower mean AS intake and different demographic characteristics (test group). The blood samples for the reference (n = 257 for single-isotope, n = 115 for dual-isotope) and test groups (n = 56) were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N values using natural abundance stable isotope mass spectrometry and were compared to reported dietary AS intake. When the δ13C single-isotope equation was applied to the test group, predicted AS intake was not significantly different from reported AS intake (mean difference ± standard error = -3.6 ± 5.5 g, Z = -0.55, p = 0.51). When testing the dual-isotope equation, predicted AS was different from reported AS intake (mean difference ± SEM = 13.0 ± 5.4 g, Z = -2.95, p = 0.003). δ13C value was able to predict AS intake using a blood sample within this population subset. The single-isotope prediction equation may be an alternative method to assess AS intake and is more objective, cost-feasible, and efficient than traditional dietary assessment methods. However, more research is needed to assess this biomarker with rigorous study designs such as controlled feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valisa E. Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Tanya M. Halliday
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Brenda M. Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Jamie M. Zoellner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Christiansburg, VA 24073, USA;
| | - A. Hope Jahren
- Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway;
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Stable Isotope Abundance and Fractionation in Human Diseases. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060370. [PMID: 34207741 PMCID: PMC8228638 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural abundance of heavy stable isotopes (13C, 15N, 18O, etc.) is now of considerable importance in many research fields, including human physiology. In fact, it varies between tissues and metabolites due to isotope effects in biological processes, that is, isotope discriminations between heavy and light isotopic forms during enzyme or transporter activity. The metabolic deregulation associated with many diseases leads to alterations in metabolic fluxes, resulting in changes in isotope abundance that can be identified easily with current isotope ratio technologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on changes in natural isotope composition in samples (including various tissues, hair, plasma, saliva) found in patients compared to controls, caused by human diseases. We discuss the metabolic origin of such isotope fractionations and highlight the potential of using isotopes at natural abundance for medical diagnosis and/or prognostic.
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7
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Remesar X, Alemany M. Dietary Energy Partition: The Central Role of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7729. [PMID: 33086579 PMCID: PMC7593952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have developed effective survival mechanisms under conditions of nutrient (and energy) scarcity. Nevertheless, today, most humans face a quite different situation: excess of nutrients, especially those high in amino-nitrogen and energy (largely fat). The lack of mechanisms to prevent energy overload and the effective persistence of the mechanisms hoarding key nutrients such as amino acids has resulted in deep disorders of substrate handling. There is too often a massive untreatable accumulation of body fat in the presence of severe metabolic disorders of energy utilization and disposal, which become chronic and go much beyond the most obvious problems: diabetes, circulatory, renal and nervous disorders included loosely within the metabolic syndrome. We lack basic knowledge on diet nutrient dynamics at the tissue-cell metabolism level, and this adds to widely used medical procedures lacking sufficient scientific support, with limited or nil success. In the present longitudinal analysis of the fate of dietary nutrients, we have focused on glucose as an example of a largely unknown entity. Even most studies on hyper-energetic diets or their later consequences tend to ignore the critical role of carbohydrate (and nitrogen disposal) as (probably) the two main factors affecting the substrate partition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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L. Mantha O, Laxmi Patel M, Hankard R, De Luca A. Effect of Organic Food Intake on Nitrogen Stable Isotopes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102965. [PMID: 32998302 PMCID: PMC7601395 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Food choices affect the isotopic composition of the body with each food item leaving its distinct isotopic imprint. The common view is that the natural abundance of the stable isotopes of nitrogen (expressed as δ15N) is higher in animals than in plants that constitute our contemporary diets. Higher δ15N is thus increasingly viewed as a biomarker for meat and fish intake. Here we show that organic compared to conventional farming increases plant δ15N to an extent that can appreciably impact the performance of δ15N as a biomarker. The error that can arise when organic plants are consumed was modelled for the entire range of proportions of plant versus animal protein intake, and accounting for various intakes of organic and conventionally grown crops. This mass balance model allows the interpretation of differences in δ15N in light of organic food consumption. Our approach shows that the relationship between δ15N and meat and fish intake is highly contextual and susceptible to variation at the population, community or group level. We recommend that fertilization practices and organic plant consumption must not be overlooked when using δ15N as a biomarker for meat and fish intake or to assess compliance to nutritional interventions.
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Mantha OL, Huneau JF, Mathé V, Hermier D, Khodorova N, Mariotti F, Fouillet H. Differential changes to splanchnic and peripheral protein metabolism during the diet-induced development of metabolic syndrome in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E175-E186. [PMID: 32459526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00061.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) on protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism. During this study, we took advantage of the variability in interindividual susceptibility to high fat diet-induced MS to study the relationships between MS, protein synthesis, and AA catabolism in multiple tissues in rats. After 4 mo of high-fat feeding, an MS score (ZMS) was calculated as the average of the z-scores for individual MS components [weight, adiposities, homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides]. In the small intestine, liver, plasma, kidneys, heart, and muscles, tissue protein synthesis was measured by 2H2O labeling, and we evaluated the proportion of tissue AA catabolism (relative to protein synthesis) and nutrient routing to nonindispensable AAs in tissue proteins using natural nitrogen and carbon isotopic distances between tissue proteins and nutrients (Δ15N and Δ13C), respectively. In the liver, protein mass and synthesis increased, whereas the proportion of AA catabolism decreased with ZMS. By contrast, in muscles, we found no association between ZMS and protein mass, protein synthesis (except for a weak positive association in the gastrocnemius muscle only), and proportion of AA catabolism. The development of MS was also associated with altered metabolic flexibility and fatty acid oxidation, as shown by less routing of dietary lipids to nonindispensable AA synthesis in liver and muscle. In conclusion, MS development is associated with a greater gain of both fat and protein masses, with higher protein anabolism that mainly occurs in the liver, whereas muscles probably develop anabolic resistance due to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Mantha
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - J-F Huneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - V Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - D Hermier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Khodorova
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - F Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - H Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
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Substitution of high-dose sucrose with fructose in high-fat diets resulted in higher plasma concentrations of aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, ornithine and phenylalanine, and higher urine concentrations of arginine and citrulline. Nutr Res 2020; 79:100-110. [PMID: 32653771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High fructose intake has been shown to increase circulating alanine transaminase in humans, which could reflect damage to the liver by fructose but could also be linked to higher level of transamination of amino acids in liver. Therefore, we hypothesized that a diet with high content of fructose would affect the amino acid composition in rat plasma and urine differently from a diet with high sucrose content. Because high intake of sucrose and fructose is often accompanied with high intake of saturated fat in the Western-style diet, we wanted to compare the effects of high fructose/sucrose in diets with normal or high content of coconut oil on individual free amino acids plasma and urine. Male Wistar rats were fed diets with normal (10 wt%) or high (40 wt%) content of sucrose or fructose, with normal or high fat content (7 or 22 wt%) and 20 wt% protein (casein). Rats fed high-fructose high-fat diet had higher plasma concentrations of aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, ornithine, and phenylalanine and higher urine concentrations of arginine and citrulline when compared to rats fed high-sucrose high-fat diet. Substituting normal content of sucrose with fructose in the diets had little impact on amino acids in plasma and urine. Serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and creatinine, and urine cystatin C and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-1 concentrations were comparable between the groups and within normal ranges. To conclude, substituting high-dose sucrose with high-dose fructose in high-fat diets affected amino acid compositions in plasma and urine.
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11
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Zhang L, Wang P, Shi M, Fang Z, Ji J, Liao X, Hu X, Chen F. The modulation of Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem supplementation on gene expression and amino acid profiles in liver for alleviating hepatic steatosis via gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice: insight from hepatic transcriptome analysis. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Berrazaga I, Salles J, Laleg K, Guillet C, Patrac V, Giraudet C, Le Bacquer O, Gueugneau M, Denis P, Pouyet C, Pion A, Sanchez P, Boirie Y, Micard V, Walrand S. Anabolic Properties of Mixed Wheat-Legume Pasta Products in Old Rats: Impact on Whole-Body Protein Retention and Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1596. [PMID: 32485842 PMCID: PMC7353003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that are responsible for sarcopenia are numerous, but the altered muscle protein anabolic response to food intake that appears with advancing age plays an important role. Dietary protein quality needs to be optimized to counter this phenomenon. Blending different plant proteins is expected to compensate for the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based when compared to animal-based protein sources. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of pasta products that were made from a mix of wheat semolina and faba bean, lentil, or split pea flour, and to assess their effect on protein metabolism as compared to dietary milk proteins in old rats. Forty-three old rats have consumed for six weeks isoproteic and isocaloric diets containing wheat pasta enriched with 62% to 79% legume protein (depending on the type) or milk proteins, i.e., casein or soluble milk proteins (SMP). The protein digestibility of casein and SMP was 5% to 14% higher than legume-enriched pasta. The net protein utilization and skeletal muscle protein synthesis rate were equivalent either in rats fed legume-enriched pasta diets or those fed casein diet, but lower than in rats fed SMP diet. After legume-enriched pasta intake, muscle mass, and protein accretion were in the same range as in the casein and SMP groups. Mixed wheat-legume pasta could be a nutritional strategy for enhancing the protein content and improving the protein quality, i.e., amino acid profile, of this staple food that is more adequate for maintaining muscle mass, especially for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Berrazaga
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Karima Laleg
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Véronique Patrac
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Philippe Denis
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Corinne Pouyet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Angelique Pion
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Micard
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Mantha OL, Goupille C, Dumas JF, Robins R, Bougnoux P, Hankard R, De Luca A. Natural isotopic abundances as markers of compliance in clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1109-1110. [PMID: 32367119 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier L Mantha
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Richard Robins
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France.,Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR6230, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France.,Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- From INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France
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14
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O'Brien DM, Votruba SB. Reply to Mantha OL et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1110-1111. [PMID: 32367121 PMCID: PMC7198297 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- From the Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Susanne B Votruba
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/NIH, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Address correspondence to SBV (e-mail: )
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15
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De Luca A, Bernardo K, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Christin P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Ingrand P, Robins RJ, Hankard R. Maternal obesity does not influence human milk protein 15N natural isotope abundance. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:385-393. [PMID: 31132878 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1620229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases protein metabolism with a potential effect on nitrogen isotope fractionation. The aim of this study was to test the influence of obesity on human milk extracted protein 15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) at one month post-partum and to compare human milk extracted protein 15N NIA and bulk infant hair 15N NIA. This cross-sectional observational study involved 16 obese mothers (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m-2 before pregnancy) matched with 16 normal-weight mothers (18.5 kg m-2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg m-2) for age and pregnancy characteristics. Human milk extracted protein and bulk infant hair 15N NIA were determined by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry interfaced to an elemental analyser (IRM-EA/MS). No significant difference was found in human milk protein 15N NIA values between obese and normal-weight mothers (8.93 ± 0.48 ‰ vs. 8.95 ± 0.27 ‰). However, human milk protein 15N NIA was significantly lower than bulk infant hair 15N NIA: 8.94 ± 0.38 ‰ vs. 9.66 ± 0.69 ‰, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that human milk protein 15N NIA measured at one month post-partum is not influenced by maternal obesity. These findings suggest that 15N NIA may be exploited to study metabolism without considering maternal obesity as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | - Karine Bernardo
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | | | - Patricia Christin
- c Pediatrics and Child Nutrition, University Hospital , Poitiers , France
- d Maternity Ward, General Hospital , Chatellerault , France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- f Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC 1402 , Poitiers , France
- g Institute of Public Health, Poitiers University , Poitiers , France
| | - Richard J Robins
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Regis Hankard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
- h Faculty of Medicine, F Rabelais University , Tours , France
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16
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Natural Isotope Abundances of Carbon and Nitrogen in Tissue Proteins and Amino Acids as Biomarkers of the Decreased Carbohydrate Oxidation and Increased Amino Acid Oxidation Induced by Caloric Restriction under a Maintained Protein Intake in Obese Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051087. [PMID: 31100870 PMCID: PMC6567081 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports a role for tissue-to-diet 15N and 13C discrimination factors (Δ15N and Δ13C), as biomarkers of metabolic adaptations to nutritional stress, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In obese rats fed ad libitum or subjected to gradual caloric restriction (CR), under a maintained protein intake, we measured Δ15N and Δ13C levels in tissue proteins and their constitutive amino acids (AA) and the expression of enzymes involved in the AA metabolism. CR was found to lower protein mass in the intestine, liver, heart and, to a lesser extent, some skeletal muscles. This was accompanied by Δ15N increases in urine and the protein of the liver and plasma, but Δ15N decreases in the proteins of the heart and the skeletal muscles, alongside Δ13C decreases in all tissue proteins. In Lys, Δ15N levels rose in the plasma, intestine, and some muscles, but fell in the heart, while in Ala, and to a lesser extent Glx and Asx, Δ13C levels fell in all these tissues. In the liver, CR was associated with an increase in the expression of genes involved in AA oxidation. During CR, the parallel rises of Δ15N in urine, liver, and plasma proteins reflected an increased AA catabolism occurring at the level of the liver metabolic branch point, while Δ15N decreases in cardiac and skeletal muscle proteins indicated increased protein and AA catabolism in these tissues. Thus, an increased protein and AA catabolism results in opposite Δ15N effects in splanchnic and muscular tissues. In addition, the Δ13C decrease in all tissue proteins, reflects a reduction in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation and routing towards non-indispensable AA, to achieve fuel economy.
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17
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Bernardo K, Jousse C, Fafournoux P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Robins RJ, Hankard R, De Luca A. Protein restricted diet during gestation and/or lactation in mice affects 15N natural isotopic abundance of organs in the offspring: Effect of diet 15N content and growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205271. [PMID: 30304003 PMCID: PMC6179277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND STUDY This study aimed at measuring the effect in normal to restricted protein diets with specific 15N natural isotopic abundance (NIA) given during gestation and/or lactation on the 15N NIA of fur, liver and muscle in dams and their offspring from birth to adulthood. The secondary aim was to study the effect of growth on the same parameters. METHODS Female Balb/c mice were fed normal protein diet containing 22% protein or isocaloric low protein diet containing 10% protein throughout gestation. Dam's diets were either maintained or switched to the other diet until weaning at 30 days. All animals were fed standard chow thereafter. Offspring were sacrificed at 1, 11, 30, 60, 480 days and a group of dams at d1. Growth was modeled as an exponential function on the group followed up until 480 days. Fur, liver and muscle were sampled at sacrifice and analyzed for bulk 15N NIA. Fixed effects and interactions between fixed effects and random elements were tested by three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Higher 15N NIA in the diet resulted in higher organ 15N NIA. Switching from one diet to another changed 15N NIA in each organ. Although dam and offspring shared the same isotopic environment during gestation, 15N NIA at day 1 was higher in dams. Growth rate did not differ between groups after 10 days and decreased between 1 and 5 months. 15N NIA differed between organs and was affected by growth and gestation/lactation. CONCLUSION Dietary 15N NIA is a major determinant of the 15N NIA of organs. 15N NIA depended on organ and age (i.e. growth) suggesting an effect of metabolism and/or dilution space. Post-natal normal-protein diet of lactating dams could reverse the effect of a protein-restricted diet during gestation on the offspring growth. Measuring 15N NIA in various matrices may open a field of application particularly useful in studying the pre- and post-natal origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bernardo
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
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