1
|
Almohtasib Y, Fancher AJ, Sawalha K. Emerging Trends in Atherosclerosis: Time to Address Atherosclerosis From a Younger Age. Cureus 2024; 16:e56635. [PMID: 38646335 PMCID: PMC11032087 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, research efforts into cardiovascular disease (CVD) have uncovered findings that fundamentally challenge our understanding of CVD, particularly atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis was primarily attributed to the well-described abnormal lipid accumulation theory, involving plaque growth with subsequent plaque hemorrhage resulting in acute vessel thrombosis that may or may not rupture. This perspective has now evolved to encompass more complex pathways, wherein the accumulation of abnormal products of oxidation and inflammation is the most likely factor mediating atherosclerotic plaque growth. Furthermore, atherosclerosis was traditionally thought of as a disease in patients aged 40 and older. However, mounting evidence has demonstrated that significant atherosclerosis and CVD events are more prevalent in younger patients than previously realized and accelerating in incidence. With this alarming trend among younger individuals, our review sought to explore why this trend may be happening and what can be done about this developing problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Almohtasib
- Internal Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Andrew J Fancher
- Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, USA
| | - Khalid Sawalha
- Cardiometabolic Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hajmir MM, Shiraseb F, Hosseininasab D, Aali Y, Hosseini S, Mirzaei K. The mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the relationship between the NOVA classification system and obesity phenotypes among obese and overweight adult women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1226162. [PMID: 38162517 PMCID: PMC10754978 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and inflammation both play important roles in the occurrence of obesity. We aimed to investigate the role of inflammation in the development of both metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included 221 overweight and obese women aged 18-56 years. The study assessed the metabolic health phenotypes of the participants using the Karelis criterion score. Additionally, dietary intakes were evaluated using a 147-item semi-quantitative questionnaire and the NOVA classification system (comprising 37 food groups and beverages). The study also collected and analyzed the blood parameters, as well as biochemical and anthropometric indices, for all participants. Results Among the women included in the study, 22.9% had MHO phenotypes but 77.1% had MUHO phenotypes. A significant association between the third quartile of the NOVA classification system and the increased likelihood of having the MUHO phenotype was observed (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09-4.92, p = 0.04). Regarding the potential role of inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p = 0.84), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) (p = 0.50), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (p = 0.49), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (p = 0.97), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.92) were found to be mediators. Conclusion We observed a significant positive association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and the MUHO phenotype in overweight and obese women. This association appeared to be mediated by some inflammatory markers, such as hs-CRP, TGF-β, MCP-1, PAI-1, and HOMA-IR. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Mehri Hajmir
- Students’ Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Aali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Stansfield B. Full-Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Levels of Typically Developing Children and Adolescents in the Middle East: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6940. [PMID: 37887678 PMCID: PMC10606092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural factors may influence physical behaviour. To explore full day PA and SB in children and adolescents (2-18 years old) in the Middle East, a systematic literature review was performed including 183 journal articles. A wide range of PA and SB outcomes were reported, in some cases making synthesis of results difficult. As a consequence, results were generally reported narratively (MVPA time, total PA, SB time). Meta-regression of daily step count revealed females took 4600 fewer steps than males, with 3000 fewer steps on weekdays than weekends, and overweight individuals taking 2800 fewer steps/day. Steps decreased with age. Meta-regression for TV viewing time demonstrated an increase by 0.04 h per year of age. Even though environmental and cultural conditions may be different, PA and SB of children and adolescents in the Middle East were largely comparable to those of Europeans and North Americans. The wide range of data collection instruments used (both self-report questionnaire and body-worn devices) and heterogeneity of data made synthesis of reported data across studies very difficult, suggesting a need for greater standardisation of data collection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.B.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nouri M, Davies IG, Webb RJ, Mazidi M, Makhtoomi M, Rezaianzadeh A, Johari MG, Faghih S. The association between ultra-processed foods and conventional markers of cardiovascular risk in an adult Iranian population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1951-1959. [PMID: 37543517 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS According to the NOVA classification system, ultra-processed foods result from extensive industrial processing and use ingredients derived from food and non-food products, which can negatively impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Despite this, few studies have investigated UPFs in Middle Eastern populations regardless of high consumption in this region. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study was conducted on data from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran Kharemeh cohort (n = 6611). Food frequency questionnaires were assessed and the ratio of total UPFs energy/total energy intake was calculated. Data was categorized into tertiles of UPF consumption using the NOVA classification system. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess differences in nutrient and food intakes between tertiles and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between UPFs and CVD risk factors. After adjustment for potential confounders the logistic regression analysis revealed significant positive relationships between intakes of UPFs and waist circumference (WC) (T2: OR; 1.34, 95% CI; 1.13-1.60 - T3: OR; 1.41, 95% CI; 1.18-1.69, P ˂0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (T2: OR; 1.20, 95% CI; 1.05-1.37 - T3: OR; 1.27, 95% CI; 1.11-1.45, P ˂0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL) (T2: OR; 1.21, 95% CI; 1.07-1.37 - T3: OR; 1.24, 95% CI; 1.10-1.41, P ˂0.001) and LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (T2: OR; 1.15, 95% CI; 1.02-1.31 - T3: OR; 1.21, 95% CI; 1.07-1.38, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The consumption of UPFs was positively associated with WC and atherogenic blood lipids. However, increased intakes of fiber and unsaturated fats were also found in those consuming more UPFs, which was not expected. These findings offer insights into an understudied population and warrant further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Richard J Webb
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Taggart Avenue, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Via E, Contreras-Rodríguez O. Binge-Eating Precursors in Children and Adolescents: Neurodevelopment, and the Potential Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:2994. [PMID: 37447320 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent disorder. Subthreshold BED conditions (sBED) are even more frequent in youth, but their significance regarding BED etiology and long-term prognosis is unclear. A better understanding of brain findings associated with BED and sBED, in the context of critical periods for neurodevelopment, is relevant to answer such questions. The present narrative review starts from the knowledge of the development of emotional self-regulation in youth, and the brain circuits supporting emotion-regulation and eating behaviour. Next, neuroimaging studies with sBED and BED samples will be reviewed, and their brain-circuitry overlap will be examined. Deficits in inhibition control systems are observed to precede, and hyperactivity of reward regions to characterize, sBED, with overlapping findings in BED. The imbalance between reward/inhibition systems, and the implication of interoception/homeostatic processing brain systems should be further examined. Recent knowledge of the potential impact that the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in paediatric samples may have on these sBED/BED-associated brain systems is then discussed. There is a need to identify, early on, those sBED individuals at risk of developing BED at neurodevelopmental stages when there is a great possibility of prevention. However, more neuroimaging studies with sBED/BED pediatric samples are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Via
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Santa Rosa 39-57, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Oren Contreras-Rodríguez
- Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià-Edifici M2, Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lian Y, Wang GP, Chen GQ, Chen HN, Zhang GY. Association between ultra-processed foods and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175994. [PMID: 37360305 PMCID: PMC10285062 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite increasing evidence that has shown the association of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) with cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive. We, therefore, conducted the meta-analysis to clarify the association by including recently published studies. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies from inception to January 2023. To pool data, fixed-effects or random-effects models were used where appropriate. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias tests were performed. Results A total of 13 studies (4 cohort studies and 9 case-control studies) were included in the analysis, with a total of 625,738 participants. The highest UPFs consumption was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10-1.38), colon cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14-1.36), and breast cancer (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20) but not rectal cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97-1.43) and prostate cancer (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.93-1.12). In addition, the subgroup analyses showed that a positive association between UPFs consumption and colorectal cancer was observed among men (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.50), whereas no significant association was observed among women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94-1.29). Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that high UPFs consumption is associated with a significantly increased risk of certain site-specific cancers, especially the digestive tract and some hormone-related cancers. However, further rigorously designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to better understand causal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lian
- Department of Health Management and Engineering Laboratory for Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang-Pu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Health Management and Engineering Laboratory for Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua-Nan Chen
- Department of Health Management and Engineering Laboratory for Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Contreras-Rodriguez O, Reales-Moreno M, Fernández-Barrès S, Cimpean A, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Puig J, Biarnés C, Motger-Albertí A, Cano M, Fernández-Real JM. Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with depression, mesocorticolimbic volume, and inflammation. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:340-348. [PMID: 37207947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPF) has been associated with depression and inflammation and preclinical studies showed that some UPF components disrupt the amygdala-hippocampal complex. We combine diet, clinical and brain imaging data to investigate the relationship between the UPF consumption, depressive symptoms, and brain volumes in humans, considering interactions with obesity, and the mediation effect of inflammation biomarkers. METHODS One-hundred fifty-two adults underwent diet, depressive symptoms, anatomic magnetic resonance imaging assessments and laboratory tests. Relationships between the % of UPF consumption (in grams) of the total diet, depressive symptoms, and gray matter brain volumes were explored using several adjusted regression models, and in interaction with the presence of obesity. Whether inflammatory biomarkers (i.e., white blood cell count, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, c-reactive protein) mediate the previous associations was investigated using R mediation package. RESULTS High UPF consumption was associated with higher depressive symptoms in all participants (β = 0.178, CI = 0.008-0.261) and in those with obesity (β = 0.214, CI = -0.004-0.333). Higher consumption was also associated with lower volumes in the posterior cingulate cortex and the left amygdala, which in the participants with obesity also encompassed the left ventral putamen and the dorsal frontal cortex. White blood count levels mediated the association between UPF consumption and depressive symptoms (p = 0.022). LIMITATIONS The present study precludes any causal conclusions. CONCLUSIONS UPF consumption is associated with depressive symptoms and lower volumes within the mesocorticolimbic brain network implicated in reward processes and conflict monitoring. Associations were partially dependent on obesity and white blood cell count.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Reales-Moreno
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Cimpean
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Biarnés
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging (IDI), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Motger-Albertí
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Cano
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, Spain; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schroeder J, Reitz LK, Vieira FGK, da Silva EL, Di Pietro PF. Low to moderate adherence to 2018 diet and physical exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research is associated with prooxidant biochemical profile in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer treatment. Nutr Res 2023; 109:1-11. [PMID: 36538844 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adequate adherence to the 2018 diet and exercise recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) can possibly result in less oxidative stress, lower risk to chemo- and radiotoxicity, lower risk of relapse, and increased quality of life in breast cancer survivors. This observational study aims to investigate the influence of adherence to updated recommendations of the WCRF/AICR on oxidative stress biomarkers in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment (AT). We hypothesized that adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations is inversely related to oxidative damage biomarkers and directly associated with antioxidant status. Women (n = 78) were evaluated before (T0) and after AT. After collecting anthropometric, physical activity, and food consumption data, a standardized score of adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was applied. The sample was divided into low-medium adherence and high adherence groups. Blood samples were collected at both timepoints for oxidative stress biomarkers analysis. Multiple linear regression analyzes were applied to verify associations between WCRF/AICR score and biomarkers. We found that low-medium adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations at T0 affected lower levels of reduced glutathione (P= .003) and higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides (P= .002) and plasma carbonylated proteins (P= .001) after AT. The WCRF/AICR score at T0 was inversely associated with changes in plasma carbonylated protein concentrations after AT (adjusted β = -0.359; P= .01). Our findings suggest that high WCRF/AICR score before and during AT may provide greater stability of antioxidant capacity and protection against exacerbated oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Schroeder
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiza Kuhnen Reitz
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Luiz da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88010-790, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Faria Di Pietro
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hajmir MM, Shiraseb F, Ebrahimi S, Noori S, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Mirzaei K. Interaction between ultra-processed food intake and genetic risk score on mental health and sleep quality. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3609-3625. [PMID: 36565379 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health and sleep quality are associated with genetics and nutrient and energy intake. The present study examined the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and genetic risk score (GRS) and their interactions on mental health and sleep quality in Iranian women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 278 overweight and obese females aged between 18 and 56 years. According to the NOVA classification system, 37 food groups and beverages were collected using a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The blood parameters of all participants were assessed. Mini-column kit (type G; Genall; Exgene) and the PCR-RFLP method were used to extract DNA and determine gene polymorphism, respectively. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including Caveolin_1 (Cav_1), Melanocortin4 receptor (MC4R), and cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 (CRY1), were used to calculate GRS. The individual risk allele (0, 1, 2) for each SNP was calculated using the incremental genetic model. RESULTS After controlling for confounders, a significant interaction was found for depression (β = 0.026, 95% CI 0.003, 0.049, P = 0.028) and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) score (β = 0.059, 95% CI 0.001, 0.117, P = 0.046) on the NOVA classification system and GRS. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed a significant interaction between GRS and the NOVA classification system on mental disorders, including depression, DASS score and stress. There was also a significant relationship between the NOVA classification system and anxiety, DASS score, sleep quality and depression. Furthermore, a partially significant association was observed between GRS and stress. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahya Mehri Hajmir
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1417755331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bahrampour N, Shiraseb F, Noori S, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Is there any putative mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the association between ultra-processed foods and resting metabolic rate? Front Nutr 2022; 9:932225. [PMID: 36313082 PMCID: PMC9606709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the largest component of total daily energy expenditure. The sale of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is increasing globally; however, UPF can have many adverse effects, including increasing inflammatory markers and altering RMRs. This cross-sectional study included 285 healthy overweight and obese women. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer InBody 770 scanner. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) blood levels were measured after a 12-h fasting. Indirect calorimetry was used to evaluate the RMR by using the Weir equation, and RMR deviation (RMR estimated - RMR actual), RMR per body mass index (BMI), and free fat mass (FFM) were estimated. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, and seven groups of UPFs were extracted based on the NOVA method. A negative association between the RMR [β = -0.159, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.471, -0.052, P = 0.044], RMR per BMI (β = -0.014, 95% CI: -0.025, -0.006, P = 0.036), and RMR per FFM (β = -0.241, 95% CI: -0.006, -0.000, P = 0.041) using the NOVA score was observed after adjusting for confounders. This association disappeared after inclusion of each inflammatory marker. All the markers may inversely mediate the relationship between the mentioned variables and the NOVA score. hs-CRP and MCP-1 also had a negative effect on the relationship between the NOVA score and RMR deviation. Finally, UPF intake is likely related with the RMR, mediated through changes in the production of hs-CRP, PAI-1, MCP-1, and IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Khadijeh Mirzaei, ;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hosseininasab D, Shiraseb F, Noori S, Jamili S, Mazaheri-Eftekhar F, Dehghan M, da Silva A, Bressan J, Mirzaei K. The relationship between ultra-processed food intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:945591. [PMID: 36017229 PMCID: PMC9396040 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Based on recent studies, one of the factors that can have detrimental effects on CVD is the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). The current study investigated the relationship between UPF intake and cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian women. Methods The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 women aged 18-65 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Dietary intake was assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric and biochemistry parameters were also collected. UPFs were identified using the NOVA classification. Results In the present study, women had a mean (standard deviation) age of 36.67 (9.10) years and the mean BMI of 31.26 (4.29) kg/m2. According to our findings, there was a significant association between UPF consumption and transforming growth factor (TGF) (β: 0.101, 95% CI: 0.023, 0.180, p = 0.012), atherogenic coefficient (AC) (β: 0.011, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.032, p = 0.034), visceral fat level (VFL) (β: 0.006, 95% CI: -0.017, 0.029, p = 0.076), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (β: -3.775, 95%CI: 0.001, 0.001, p = 0.042). Conclusion In conclusion, an increase in consumption of one gram of UPFs is associated with an increase in TGF, AC, and VFL but with a decrease in QUICKI. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion and disentangle the mechanisms by which UPFs may affect health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Jamili
- Department of Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Contreras-Rodriguez O, Solanas M, Escorihuela RM. Dissecting ultra-processed foods and drinks: Do they have a potential to impact the brain? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:697-717. [PMID: 35107734 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods and drinks (UPF) are formulation of ingredients, mostly of exclusive industrial use, that result from a series of industrial processes. They usually have a low nutrient but high energy density, with a high content of saturated and trans fats, and added sugars. In addition, they have characteristic organoleptic properties, and usually contain sophisticated additives, including artificial sweeteners, to intensify their sensory qualities and imitate the appearance of minimally processed foods. In addition, recent research has warned about the presence of chemicals (e.g., bisphenol) and neo-formed contaminants in these products. UPF production and consumption growth have been spectacular in the last decades, being specially consumed in children and adolescents. UPF features have been associated with a range of adverse health effects such as overeating, the promotion of inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic dysfunction including problems in glucose regulation. The evidence that these UPF-related adverse health effects may have on the neural network implicated in eating behavior are discussed, including the potential impact on serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, brain integrity and function. We end this review by placing UPF in the context of current food environments, by suggesting that an increased exposure to these products through different channels, such as marketing, may contribute to the automatic recruitment of the brain regions associated with food consumption and choice, with a detrimental effect on inhibitory-related prefrontal cortices. While further research is essential, preliminary evidence point to UPF consumption as a potential detrimental factor for brain health and eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren Contreras-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Imaging, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) and CIBERSAM G17, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Physiology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa M Escorihuela
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El Kinany K, Huybrechts I, Hatime Z, El Asri A, Boudouaya HA, Deoula MMS, Kampman E, El Rhazi K. Food processing groups and colorectal cancer risk in Morocco: evidence from a nationally representative case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2507-2515. [PMID: 35211850 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the consumption of foods and drinks from different food processing categories using the NOVA classification and CRC risk among Moroccan adults. METHODS 1453 cases and 1453 matched controls aged at least 18 years and recruited from the 5 greater Moroccan regions were interviewed by trained investigators about their habitual diet using a standardized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Foods were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Intakes of each food processing group were categorized into tertiles based on the distribution of controls with the lowest tertile considered as the reference category. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between each group and CRC risk (Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)), taking relevant confounders into account. RESULTS High consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (NOVA group 1) was significantly inversely (OR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.72-0.93), while high consumption of ultra-processed foods and drink products (NOVA group 4) was significantly positively (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.22-1.61) associated with CRC risk as compared to the lowest intake group. These results were similar for colon and rectum sub-sites. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the association between the NOVA classification groups and CRC risk in an African country. Our results suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods and drink products may be associated with an increased risk of developing CRC, but longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula El Kinany
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Zineb Hatime
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Achraf El Asri
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hanae Abir Boudouaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Meimouna Mint Sidi Deoula
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez. Km 2, 200 Sidi Harazem Road, 1893, Fez, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fondevila-Gascón JF, Berbel-Giménez G, Vidal-Portés E, Hurtado-Galarza K. Ultra-Processed Foods in University Students: Implementing Nutri-Score to Make Healthy Choices. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10060984. [PMID: 35742036 PMCID: PMC9222397 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Going to university means that many students assume, for the first time, responsibilities associated with living outside the family group, such as controlling eating habits. A survey was conducted among 161 university students in order to find out their perceptions regarding their type of diet, their knowledge of nutrition issues, their consumption of ultra-processed foods, and to evaluate the Nutri-Score labeling system as an aid in choosing healthier products. This is a cross-sectional observational study. Participants who have the perception of following a healthy diet show a more adequate BMI, regularly practice sports and read labels (nutritional information, expiration date, and ingredients). In general, the university students surveyed do not read the labels (64%) and find it difficult to identify the degree of wholesomeness of what they consume. Furthermore, they buy products based on the external information on the packaging (72%). The consumption of ultra-processed products, such as alcohol and soft drinks, is higher in those who live outside their family homes. The Nutri-Score labeling system is perceived as an aid for better product choice (89%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan-Francesc Fondevila-Gascón
- Facultat de Comunicació i Relacions Internacionals Blanquerna, Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaspar Berbel-Giménez
- Economy Department, EU Mediterrani-Universitat de Girona, 08015 Barcelona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (K.H.-G.)
| | - Eduard Vidal-Portés
- Advertising, Public Relations and Marketing Department, Faculty of Communication and International Relations, Blanquerna-Universitat Ramon Llull, 08001 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Katherine Hurtado-Galarza
- Economy Department, EU Mediterrani-Universitat de Girona, 08015 Barcelona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (K.H.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez Ó, García-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Llavero-Valero M, Mora F, Rodríguez-Jiménez R, Fernandez-Rojo S, Quintero J, Alvarez De Mon M. Nutrition, Epigenetics, and Major Depressive Disorder: Understanding the Connection. Front Nutr 2022; 9:867150. [PMID: 35662945 PMCID: PMC9158469 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.867150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex, multifactorial disorder of rising prevalence and incidence worldwide. Nearly, 280 million of people suffer from this leading cause of disability in the world. Moreover, patients with this condition are frequently co-affected by essential nutrient deficiency. The typical scene with stress and hustle in developed countries tends to be accompanied by eating disorders implying overnutrition from high-carbohydrates and high-fat diets with low micronutrients intake. In fact, currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn more attention to this underdiagnosed condition, besides the importance of the nutritional status in shaping immunomodulation, in which minerals, vitamins, or omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) play an important role. The awareness of nutritional assessment is greater and greater in the patients with depression since antidepressant treatments have such a significant probability of failing. As diet is considered a crucial environmental factor, underlying epigenetic mechanisms that experience an adaptation or consequence on their signaling and expression mechanisms are reviewed. In this study, we included metabolic changes derived from an impairment in cellular processes due to lacking some essential nutrients in diet and therefore in the organism. Finally, aspects related to nutritional interventions and recommendations are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miguel A. Ortega
| | - Óscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Llavero-Valero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez De Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asgari E, Askari M, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L. Association between Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Overweight, Obesity, and Malnutrition among Children in Tehran, Iran. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:8310260. [PMID: 36081808 PMCID: PMC9433238 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8310260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period for susceptibility to malnutrition. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) has been increasing among children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between UPF intake and overweight/obesity and malnutrition in children. 788 children aged 6 years were included in a population-based cross-sectional study in Tehran. A 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. UPFs were detected using the NOVA classification system. Logistic regression analyses were used, and results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of obesity and malnutrition across the tertiles of UPFs adjusted for energy intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. The mean weight, height, BMI, and total energy intake of participants were 20.85 ± 2.35 kg, 113.75 ± 2.00 cm, 16.12 + 1.84 kg/m2, and 1014.74 ± 259.16 (kcal/d), respectively. There were no significant associations between UPF intake and obesity (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.31 to 3.01; P-trend = 0.98), wasting (OR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.30 to 2.87; P-trend = 0.87), overweight/obesity (OR = 0.86; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.25; P-trend = 0.45), underweight/wasting (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.40 to 1.17; P-trend = 0.17), marginal-stunting (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.71 to 1.89; P-trend = 0.53), or marginal-stunting/overweight/obesity (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 0.62 to 2.54; P-trend = 0.47). There was no evidence of an association between intake of UPFs and risk of overweight, obesity, and malnutrition in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Asgari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto ON M5B-2K3, Canada
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Relative Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Dietary Intake According to the NOVA Classification in Mexican Children and Adolescents. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 122:1129-1140. [PMID: 34763139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are associated with poor diet quality and chronic diseases. UPFs fall into 1 of the following 4 groups classified according to the extent and purpose of processing: group 1 is unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPFs); group 2 is processed culinary ingredients; group 3 is processed foods; and group 4 is UPFs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative validity of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) compared with two 24-hour dietary recalls (24DRs) to estimate dietary intake per NOVA food group in Mexican children and adolescents. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of dietary data from a subsample of children and adolescents who participated in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study participants were 217 children (aged 5 through 11 years) and 165 adolescents (aged 12 through 19 years) with complete information for the SFFQ and two 24DRs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daily averages of energy intake and percent of energy intake for each NOVA category were calculated using the SFFQ and two 24DRs. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS To assess relative validity, the SFFQ was compared with two 24DRs to estimate dietary intake per NOVA food group. Mean differences, Spearman correlations, intraclass correlations coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots for continuous variables and weighted κ for ordinal variables were calculated. RESULTS For percentage of energy intake, ICCs in children and adolescents were moderate for MPFs (ICC = 0.47 and ICC = 0.56, respectively) and UPFs (ICC = 0.53 and ICC = 0.57, respectively). Bland-Altman plots indicated reasonably consistent agreement for UPFs and MPFs groups in children and adolescents. Classification by quintiles was acceptable in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study indicated reasonable relative validity of the SFFQ to rank the percentage of energy intake from MPFs and UPFs in Mexican children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lane MM, Davis JA, Beattie S, Gómez-Donoso C, Loughman A, O'Neil A, Jacka F, Berk M, Page R, Marx W, Rocks T. Ultraprocessed food and chronic noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13146. [PMID: 33167080 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between consumption of ultraprocessed food and noncommunicable disease risk, morbidity and mortality. Forty-three observational studies were included (N = 891,723): 21 cross-sectional, 19 prospective, two case-control and one conducted both a prospective and cross-sectional analysis. Meta-analysis demonstrated consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with increased risk of overweight (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.51; P < 0.001), obesity (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.70; P < 0.001), abdominal obesity (odds ratio: 1.49; 95% CI, 1.34-1.66; P < 0.0001), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.11-1.48; P = 0.001), metabolic syndrome (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.12-2.93; P = 0.015) and depression in adults (hazard ratio: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.16-1.28, P < 0.001) as well as wheezing (odds ratio: 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27-1.55; P < 0.001) but not asthma in adolescents (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99-1.46; P = 0.065). In addition, consumption of ultraprocessed food was associated with cardiometabolic diseases, frailty, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia and cancer (breast and overall) in adults while also being associated with metabolic syndrome in adolescents and dyslipidaemia in children. Although links between ultraprocessed food consumption and some intermediate risk factors in adults were also highlighted, further studies are required to more clearly define associations in children and adolescents. STUDY REGISTRATION: Prospero ID: CRD42020176752.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Lane
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Davis
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Beattie
- The Barwon Centre of Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health and St John of God Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clara Gómez-Donoso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amy Loughman
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felice Jacka
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Page
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,The Barwon Centre of Orthopaedic Research and Education (B-CORE), Barwon Health and St John of God Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Louzada MLDC, Costa CDS, Souza TN, Cruz GLD, Levy RB, Monteiro CA. Impacto do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados na saúde de crianças, adolescentes e adultos: revisão de escopo. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00323020. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00323020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de escopo da literatura acerca da associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e desfechos em saúde. A busca foi realizada nas bases PubMed, Web of Science e LILACS. Foram elegíveis os estudos que avaliaram a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados identificados com base na classificação NOVA e os desfechos em saúde. O processo de revisão resultou na seleção de 63 estudos, os quais foram analisados em termos de qualidade com base em ferramenta do Instituto Nacional de Saúde dos Estados Unidos. Os desfechos encontrados incluíram indicadores de obesidade, marcadores de risco metabólico, diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, câncer, asma, depressão, fragilidade, doenças gastrointestinais e mortalidade. A evidência foi particularmente consistente para obesidade (ou indicadores relacionados a ela) em adultos, cuja associação com o consumo de ultraprocessados foi demonstrada, com efeito dose-resposta, em estudos transversais com amostras representativas de cinco países, em quatro grandes estudos de coorte e em um ensaio clínico randomizado. Grandes estudos de coorte também encontraram associação significativa entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o risco de doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e câncer, mesmo após ajuste para obesidade. Dois estudos de coorte demonstraram associação do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados com depressão e quatro estudos de coorte com mortalidade por todas as causas. Esta revisão sumarizou os resultados de trabalhos que descreveram a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e as diversas doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e seus fatores de risco, o que traz importantes implicações para a saúde pública.
Collapse
|