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Kałużna-Oleksy M, Krysztofiak H, Sawczak F, Kukfisz A, Szczechla M, Soloch A, Cierzniak M, Szubarga A, Przytarska K, Dudek M, Uchmanowicz I, Straburzyńska-Migaj E. Sex differences in the nutritional status and its association with long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:458-469. [PMID: 38170824 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Many studies show the association between malnutrition and poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Our research aimed to analyse sex differences in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), emphasizing nutritional status and the influence of selected parameters on the prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 276 consecutive patients diagnosed with HFrEF. Nutritional status was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and body mass index (BMI). The mean follow-up period was 564.4 ± 346.3 days. The analysed group included 81.2% of men. The median age was 58, interquartile range (IQR) 49-64 years. Among all patients, almost 60% were classified as NYHA III or IV. Half of the participants were at risk of malnutrition, and 2.9% were malnourished. During follow-up, 72 (26.1%) patients died. The female sex was not associated with a higher occurrence of malnutrition (P = 0.99) or nutritional risk (P = 0.85), according to MNA. Coherently, GNRI scores did not differ significantly between the sexes (P = 0.29). In contrast, BMI was significantly higher in males (29.4 ± 5.3 vs. 25.9 ± 4.7; P < 0.001). Impaired nutritional status assessed with any method (MNA, GNRI, BMI) was not significantly associated with a worse prognosis. In multivariable analysis, NYHA class, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), higher N-terminal fragment of proBNP, and higher uric acid were independent of sex and age predictors of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION There were no sex differences in the nutritional status in the HFrEF patients, apart from lower BMI in females. Impaired nutritional status was not associated with mortality in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kałużna-Oleksy
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Helena Krysztofiak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Sawczak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Kukfisz
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Curie-Sklodowska 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szczechla
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Soloch
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Cierzniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Szubarga
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przytarska
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dudek
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Straburzyńska-Migaj
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dluga 1/2, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
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Carlson H, Cullens-Nobis FM, Owczarzak EJ, Abuelo A. Effect of parenteral micronutrient supplementation at birth on immunity, growth, and health in preweaning dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4926-4941. [PMID: 38331183 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This randomized clinical trial aimed to determine the extent to which injectable micronutrient supplementation at birth can improve intranasal vaccine response by ameliorating oxidative stress in dairy calves from birth to weaning. For this, 120 Holstein heifer calves were enrolled at birth and randomly allocated into one of 4 groups. The 4 groups included 3 commercially available micronutrient supplements (selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese; selenium and vitamin E; and vitamins E, A, and D) and one control (saline). Calves received an intranasal vaccine against the respiratory viruses parainfluenza 3, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) within the first week of life. Body weight and hip height (HH) were recorded, and a blood sample and nasal secretion sample were collected at birth before treatment and vaccine administration, as well as weekly until weaning at 8 wk. Health scores, including thoracic ultrasound assessment, were recorded weekly from wk 1 to wk 8. Farm treatment records were collected after the completion of the study. Serum micronutrient concentrations were determined from birth to weaning to identify micronutrient status, and serum blood metabolites were analyzed as markers of nutrient utilization. Redox balance was determined in serum as a ratio of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to antioxidant capacity, known as the oxidant status index (OSi). Intranasal vaccine response was quantified as anti-BRSV and anti-BHV-1 IgA concentrations in nasal secretions. Linear mixed models with repeated measures were built for micronutrient concentrations, blood metabolites, redox balance, IgA concentrations, BW, and HH. Pre-planned contrasts of the control and supplemented groups were also built for the primary outcome of IgA concentrations. A logistic regression mixed model was built for health events and treatment of disease. Serum selenium concentrations were greater in calves receiving supplements containing Se throughout the first 4 wk of life. However, we did not observe any consistent differences in the other micronutrients. The metabolic biomarkers indicate that supplemented calves had better energy status, as suggested by lower BHB and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations. Supplemented calves showed improved redox balance, as indicated by lower OSi throughout the first week of life. Calves supplemented with antioxidants at birth had higher anti-BRSV IgA than control calves. Our results indicate an improved immune response to vaccines in calves supplemented with antioxidants at birth. However, this did not translate to growth and health performance, as we did not find any differences in average daily gain or incidence of health events throughout the preweaning period. This study provides evidence that improving the antioxidant capacity might improve vaccine response, and further research is required to investigate the appropriate frequency and dose of supplementation to improve calf growth and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Carlson
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Faith M Cullens-Nobis
- Agriculture and Agribusiness Institute, MSU Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Eric J Owczarzak
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Agriculture and Agribusiness Institute, MSU Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
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3
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Taylor J, Mercier Y, Olukosi OA, Kim WK, Selvaraj R, Applegate TJ, Shanmugasundaram R, Ball MEE, Kyriazakis I. Supplementing low protein diets with methionine or threonine during mixed Eimeria challenge. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103714. [PMID: 38636202 PMCID: PMC11031750 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of supplementing low protein diets with methionine (Met) or threonine (Thr) during a mixed Eimeria (consisting of E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella) challenge in broilers. All birds were fed the same starter diet (d1-9) and finisher diet (d28-35) which met Cobb 500 nutrient specifications. Birds were allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments from d9 to 28: a standard protein diet (19% CP); a low protein diet (16% CP); or the low protein diet supplemented with Met or Thr at 50% above recommendations. On d14, half of the birds were challenged, and half of the birds were unchallenged. From d14 to 28, feed intake was recorded daily and BW every 3 or 4 d. Oocyst excretion was measured daily from d18 to 27. On d21 and 28, 3 birds per pen were euthanized to assess nutrient digestibility, cytokine expression and intestinal histology. During the acute stage of the challenge, challenged birds reduced ADFI and ADG (P < 0.05). In the pre-patent and recovery stages, birds given the 16% CP diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05), meanwhile there were no differences in ADG in these stages (P > 0.05). Nutrient digestibility was reduced in challenged birds in the acute stage (P < 0.05) but tended to be greater than in unchallenged birds during the recovery stage. There was no significant effect of diet on oocyst excretion or intestinal histology (P > 0.05). Interactions were observed between diet and challenge on IL-10 and IL-21 expression in the cecal tonsils during the acute stage of the challenge (P < 0.05), due to reduced IL-10 expression in challenged Thr birds and greater IL-21 expression in challenged Met birds. Supplementation with Thr or Met had limited effects on the outcomes of a mixed Eimeria challenge but provides benefits to the host by enhancing their immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taylor
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Oluyinka A Olukosi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Woo K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Todd J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Centre, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - M Elizabeth E Ball
- Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, BT9 5PX, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
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Park YM, Lee HY, Shin DY, Kim SH, Yoo Y, Kim MJ, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Park KH. Augmentation of NK-cell activity and immunity by combined natural polyphenols and saccharides in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131908. [PMID: 38679269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Curcuma longa and Sargassum coreanum are commonly used in traditional pharmaceutical medicine to improve immune function in chronic diseases. The present study was designed to systematically elucidate the in vitro and in vivo immuno-enhancing effects of a combination of C. longa and S. coreanum extracts (CS) that contain polyphenols and saccharides as functional molecules in a cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced model of immunosuppression. In primary splenocytes, we observed the ameliorative effects of CS on a Cy-induced immunosuppression model with low cytotoxicity and an optimal mixture procedure. CS treatment enhanced T- and B-cell proliferation, increased splenic natural killer-cell activity, and restored cytokine release. Wistar rats were orally administered low (30 mg/kg), intermediate (100 mg/kg), or high (300 mg/kg) doses of CS for four weeks, followed by oral administration of Cy (5 mg/kg) for four weeks. Compared with the vehicle group, low-, intermediate-, and high-dose CS treatment accelerated dose-dependent recovery of the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, and interleukin-12. These results suggest that CS treatment accelerates the amelioration of immune deficiency in Cy-treated primary splenocytes and rats, which supports considering it for immunity maintenance. Our findings provide experimental evidence for further research and clinical application in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Park
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., 121, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54651, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., 121, Nonsan 32992, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suk Hun Kim
- Agricultural Corporation Company Nongjeongsim LC., Jeonju 55070, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeol Yoo
- Agricultural Corporation Company Nongjeongsim LC., Jeonju 55070, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Agricultural Corporation Company Nongjeongsim LC., Jeonju 55070, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue and Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju 62271, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine and BioMedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
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Reis LFCD, Cerdeira CD, Silva LCC, Ramos ABSB, Silva JEC, Castro AP, Ventura RR, Souza RLM, Marques MJ, Novaes RD. Dietary glycemic and energy load differentially modulates Schistosoma mansoni-induced granulomatous inflammation and response to antiparasitic chemotherapy. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107141. [PMID: 38342286 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The impact of diet composition and energy content on schistosomiasis evolution and treatment efficacy is still controversial. This study compared the impact of sucrose-rich diet and intermittent fasting on Schistosoma mansoni infection and praziquantel (PZQ)-based chemotherapy response in mice. BALB/c mice were infected with S. mansoni and followed for 15 weeks. The animals were randomized into nine groups receiving high glycemic load (high-sucrose diet - HSD), low caloric load (standard chow alternate-day fasting - ADF), and standard chow ad libitum (AL). Eight weeks after S. mansoni infection, these groups remained untreated or were treated with PZQ (300 mg/kg/day) for 3 days. Our results indicated that parasite load (S. mansoni eggs and parasite DNA levels), granulomatous inflammation (granulomas number and size), and liver microstructural damage (reduction in hepatocytes number, increase in nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, connective stroma expansion and fibrosis) were increased in ADF-treated animals. These animals also showed decreased eggs retention, granulomatous inflammation and collagen accumulation in the small intestine. Conversely, HSD diet and PZQ treatment attenuated all these parameters and stimulated hepatic regenerative response. PZQ also stimulated fibrosis resolution in HSD-treated mice, effect that was limited ADF-exposed mice. Our findings indicate that dietary glycemic and energy load can modulate schistosomiasis progression and the severity of hepatic and intestinal granulomatous inflammation in untreated and PZQ-treated mice. Thus, lower intestinal eggs retention may potentially be linked to worsening liver disease in ADF, while attenuation of hepatic and intestinal granulomatous inflammation is consistent with reduced parasite load in HSD- and PZQ-treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F C Dos Reis
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Cláudio D Cerdeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Laís C C Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Amanda B S B Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - José Edson C Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Aline P Castro
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Renato R Ventura
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Raquel L M Souza
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marcos J Marques
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Instituto d e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil.
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Putot A, Guyot C, Manckoundia P, Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy V. Association of body mass index with long-term outcomes in older adults hospitalized for COVID-19: an observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7512. [PMID: 38553629 PMCID: PMC10980698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Both underweight and obesity have been associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19. In an older populations of patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, we aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and short and long-term prognosis. Among 434 consecutive patients aged ≥ 70 years and hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 at a university hospital, 219 patients (median age of 83 years, 53% male) testing positive for COVID-19 and for whom BMI was recorded at admission, agreed to participate. Among them, 39 had a BMI < 20 kg/m2, 73 had a BMI between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2 and 107 had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. After adjustment for confounders, BMI < 20 kg/m2 was associated with a higher risk of one-year mortality (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval]: 1.75 [1.00-3.05], p = 0.048), while BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was not (HR: 1.04 [0.64-1.69], p = 0.9). However, BMI was linearly correlated with both in-hospital acute respiratory failure (p = 0.02) and cardiovascular events (p = 0.07). In this cohort of older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, low BMI, rather than high BMI, appears as an independent risk factor for death after COVID-19. The pathophysiological patterns underlying this excess mortality remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Putot
- Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpitaux du Pays du Mont Blanc, Sallanches, France.
- Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France.
- Service de Médecine Interne Gériatrie, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| | - Charline Guyot
- Unité de Recherche Nutrition, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Manckoundia
- Service de Médecine Interne Gériatrie, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- INSERM U1093 Cognition Action Plasticité, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Van Wymelbeke-Delannoy
- Unité de Recherche Nutrition, Pôle Personnes Agées, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de L'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
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Rizzi M, Avellis V, Messina A, Germano C, Tavella E, Dodaro V, Vitale R, Revelli A, Zola P, Picone S, Paolillo PM, Mondì V, Masturzo B, Manzoni P, Sainaghi PP. Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3712. [PMID: 38612523 PMCID: PMC11011671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). This narrative review offers a resume of the state of the art about vitamin D's role in immunity and its clinical use in the context of the current pandemic, specially focusing on pediatric manifestations and MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating vitamin D levels could be beneficial. To help clinicians in establishing the correct prophylaxis and/or supportive therapy with vitamin D, well-designed and adequately statistically powered clinical trials involving both adult and pediatric populations are needed. Moreover, this review will also discuss the few other nutraceuticals evaluated in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Avellis
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alessandro Messina
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Chiara Germano
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Elena Tavella
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Valentina Dodaro
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Paolo Zola
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Michele Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Mondì
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
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Hohoff E, Jankovic N, Perrar I, Schnermann M, Herder C, Nöthlings U, Libuda L, Alexy U. The association between dairy intake in adolescents on inflammation and risk markers of type 2 diabetes during young adulthood: results of the DONALD study. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e91. [PMID: 38477143 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether habitual intake of total dairy (TD) or different dairy types (liquid, solid, fermented, non-fermented, low-fat, high-fat, low-sugar and high-sugar dairy) during adolescence is associated with biomarkers of low-grade inflammation as well as risk factors of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood. DESIGN Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate prospective associations between estimated TD intake as well as intake of different types of dairy and a pro-inflammatory score, based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, leptin and adiponectin, and insulin resistance assessed as Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance in an open-cohort study. SETTING Dortmund, Germany. PARTICIPANTS Data from participants (n 375) of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were included, for whom at least two 3-d weighed dietary records during adolescence (median age: 11 years) and one blood sample in young adulthood (>18 years) were available. RESULTS There was no statistically significant association between TD intake or intake of any dairy type and the pro-inflammatory score (all P > 0·05). TD intake as well as each dairy type intake and insulin resistance also showed no association (all P > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The habitual intake of dairy or individual types of dairy during adolescence does not seem to have a major impact on low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the long term. There was no indication regarding a restriction of dairy intake for healthy children and adolescents in terms of diabetes risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hohoff
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ines Perrar
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maike Schnermann
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Sports and Health - Institute of Nutrition, Consum and Health - Nutritional Science, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional and Food Sciences - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Zhang ZL, Cao YL, Xu JR, Zhang XX, Li JJ, Li JT, Zheng PH, Xian JA, Lu YP. Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide on the growth, intestinal microbiota and immunity of juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109288. [PMID: 38104697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) and explore its underlying mechanisms. The crayfish were randomly divided into six groups, and the diets were supplemented with COS at levels of 0 (C0), 0.2 (C1), 0.4 (C2), 0.6 (C3), 0.8 (C4), and 1 (C5) g kg-1. Treatment with COS significantly improved the growth performance of the crayfish with a higher weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in the C2 group compared to the C0 group. Additionally, the content of crude protein in the crayfish muscles in the C1 group was significantly higher than that of the C0 group. Regarding non-specific immunity, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and the levels of expression of the genes related to immunity (SOD; anti-lipopolysaccharide factor [ALF]; thioredoxin1 [Trx1]; C-type lysozyme, [C-LZM]; and GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph increased significantly (P < 0.05) after supplementation with 0.4 g kg-1 of COS, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased (P < 0.05). The survival rate of C. quadricarinatus increased (P < 0.05) in the C2, C3, C4, and C5 groups after the challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. This study found that COS has the potential to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota and significantly reduce the abundance of species of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Aeromonas and Vibrio in the gut of C. quadricarinatus, while the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes and the genus Candidatus_Hepatoplasma improved significantly. This study suggests that the inclusion of COS in the diet of C. quadricarinatus can enhance growth, boost immunity, and increase resistance to infection with A. hydrophila, especially when supplemented at 0.4-0.8 g kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Zhang
- Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Yan-Lei Cao
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinghuangdao 066003, China.
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Ocean College, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China; Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinghuangdao 066003, China.
| | - Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China.
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10
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Zhang S, Lv K, Liu Z, Zhao R, Li F. Fatty acid metabolism of immune cells: a new target of tumour immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38245525 PMCID: PMC10799907 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic competition between tumour cells and immune cells for limited nutrients is an important feature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and is closely related to the outcome of tumour immune escape. A large number of studies have proven that tumour cells need metabolic reprogramming to cope with acidification and hypoxia in the TME while increasing energy uptake to support their survival. Among them, synthesis, oxidation and uptake of fatty acids (FAs) in the TME are important manifestations of lipid metabolic adaptation. Although different immune cell subsets often show different metabolic characteristics, various immune cell functions are closely related to fatty acids, including providing energy, providing synthetic materials and transmitting signals. In the face of the current situation of poor therapeutic effects of tumour immunotherapy, combined application of targeted immune cell fatty acid metabolism seems to have good therapeutic potential, which is blocked at immune checkpoints. Combined application of adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines is reflected. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore the role of fatty acid metabolism in immune cells to discover new strategies for tumour immunotherapy and improve anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kebing Lv
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China.
- Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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11
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Calder PC, Bach-Faig A, Bevacqua T, Caballero Lopez CG, Chen ZY, Connolly D, Koay WL, Meydani SN, Pinar AS, Ribas-Filho D, Pierre A. Vital role for primary healthcare providers: urgent need to educate the community about daily nutritional self-care to support immune function and maintain health. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:392-401. [PMID: 38618551 PMCID: PMC11009526 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of self-care to improve health and social well-being is well recognised. Nevertheless, there remains a need to encourage people to better understand how their body works, and how to keep it healthy. Because of its important role, part of this understanding should be based on why the immune system must be supported. This highly complex system is essential for defending against pathogens, but also for maintaining health throughout the body by preserving homeostasis and integrity. Accordingly, the immune system requires active management for optimal functioning and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. In addition to regular exercise, healthy sleeping patterns, cultivating mental resilience, adequate nutrition through healthy and diverse dietary habits is key to the daily support of immune function. Diet and the immune system are closely intertwined, and a poor diet will impair immunity and increase the risk of acute and chronic diseases. To help elucidate the roles of primary healthcare providers in supporting individuals to engage in self-care, an international group of experts reviewed the evidence for the roles of the immune system in maintaining health and for nutrition in daily immune support, and discussed implications for population health and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Reseaech Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anna Bach-Faig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Food and Nutrition Area, Barcelona Official College of Pharmacists, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Zheng-Yu Chen
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Simin N Meydani
- Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Durval Ribas-Filho
- Padre Albino Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Calder PC. Nutrition and immunity: lessons from coronavirus disease-2019. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37886807 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This review will provide an overview of the immune system and then describe the effects of frailty, obesity, specific micronutrients and the gut microbiota on immunity and susceptibility to infection including data from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic where relevant. A key role for the immune system is providing host defence against pathogens. Impaired immunity predisposes to infections and to more severe infections and weakens the response to vaccination. A range of nutrients, including many micronutrients, play important roles in supporting the immune system to function. The immune system can decline in later life and this is exaggerated by frailty. The immune system is also weakened with obesity, generalised undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, which all result in increased susceptibility to infection. Findings obtained during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic support what was already known about the effects of ageing, frailty and obesity on immunity and susceptibility to infection. Observational studies conducted during the pandemic also support previous findings that multiple micronutrients including vitamins C, D and E, zinc and selenium and long-chain n-3 fatty acids are important for immune health, but whether these nutrients can be used to treat those already with coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19), particularly if already hospitalised, is uncertain from current inconsistent or scant evidence. There is gut dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19 and studies with probiotics report clinical improvements in such patients. There is an inverse association between adherence to a healthy diet and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation with COVID-19 which is consistent with the effects of individual nutrients and other dietary components. Addressing frailty, obesity and micronutrient insufficiency will be important to reduce the burden of future pandemics and nutritional considerations need to be a central part of the approach to preventing infections, optimising vaccine responses and promoting recovery from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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13
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Fonseca ALF, Santos BC, Anastácio LR, Pereira RG, Correia MITD, Lima AS, Mizubuti YGG, Ferreira SC, Ferreira LG. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition and prediction of mortality in patients awaiting liver transplant: A validation study. Nutrition 2023; 114:112093. [PMID: 37437417 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) is a framework aiming to standardize malnutrition diagnosis. However, it still needs to be validated, in particular for patients with chronic liver disease. This study aimed to validate the GLIM criteria in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant (LTx). METHODS This was a retrospective observational study carried out with adult patients on the waiting list for LTx, consecutively evaluated between 2006 and 2021. The phenotypic criteria were unintentional weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass (midarm muscle circumference [MAMC]). The etiologic criteria were high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and MELD adjusted for serum sodium (MELD-Na) scores, the Child-Pugh score, low serum albumin, and low food intake and/or assimilation. Forty-three GLIM combinations were tested. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values, and machine learning (ML) techniques were used. Survival analysis with Cox regression was carried out. RESULTS A total of 419 patients with advanced liver cirrhosis were included (median age, 52.0 y [46-59 y]; 69.2% male; 68.8% malnourished according to the Subjective Global Assessment [SGA]). The prevalence of malnutrition by the GLIM criteria ranged from 3.1% to 58.2%, and five combinations had SE or SP >80%. The MAMC as a phenotypic criterion with MELD and MELD-Na as etiologic criteria were predictors of mortality. The MAMC and the presence of any phenotypic criteria associated with liver disease parameters and low food intake or assimilation were associated with malnutrition prediction in ML analysis. CONCLUSIONS The MAMC and liver disease parameters were associated with malnutrition diagnosis by SGA and were also predictors of 1-y mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis awaiting LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Chaves Santos
- Food Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Gonçalves Pereira
- Computer Science Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Agnaldo Soares Lima
- Surgery PostGraduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lívia Garcia Ferreira
- Nutrition and Health Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil.
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14
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Shimono H, Tokushige A, Kanda D, Ohno A, Hayashi M, Fukuyado M, Akao M, Kawasoe M, Arikawa R, Otsuji H, Chaen H, Okui H, Oketani N, Ohishi M. Association of preoperative clinical frailty and clinical outcomes in elderly patients with stable coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Vessels 2023; 38:1205-1217. [PMID: 37285031 PMCID: PMC10465392 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-023-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are few reports on the long-term clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) complicated with frailty. This novel study investigated the association between pre-PCI frailty and long-term clinical outcomes in elderly patients aged 65 years or older with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI. We assessed 239 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with stable CAD who underwent successful elective PCI at Kagoshima City Hospital between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2020. Frailty was retrospectively assessed using the Canadian Study and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Based on the pre-PCI CFS, patients were divided into two groups: the non-frail (CFS < 5) and the frail (CFS ≥ 5) group. We investigated the association between pre-PCI CFS and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) defined as the composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and heart failure requiring hospitalization. Additionally, we assessed the association between pre-PCI CFS and major bleeding events defined as Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or 5 bleeding. The mean age was 74.8 ± 7.0 years, and 73.6% were men. According to the pre-PCI frailty assessment, 38 (15.9%) and 201 (84.1%) were classified as frail and non-frail groups, respectively. During a median follow-up of 962 (607-1284) days, 46 patients developed MACEs and 10 patients developed major bleeding events. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly higher incidence of MACE in the frail group compared to those in the non-frail group (Log-rank p < 0.001). Even in multivariate analysis, pre-PCI frailty (CFS ≥ 5) was independently associated with MACE (HR 4.27, 95% CI 1.86-9.80, p-value: < 0.001). Additionally, the cumulative incidence of major bleeding events was significantly higher in the frail group than in the non-frail group (Log-rank p = 0.001). Pre-PCI frailty was an independent risk factor for MACE and bleeding events in elderly patients with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Shimono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tokushige
- Department of Prevention and Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masao Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mana Fukuyado
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Akao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mariko Kawasoe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Arikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Otsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideto Chaen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Okui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Oketani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Prevention and Analysis of Cardiovascular Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
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15
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Peltonen H, Erkkola M, Abdollahi AM, Leppänen MH, Roos E, Sajaniemi N, Pajari AM, Vepsäläinen H. Associations of dietary patterns with common infections and antibiotic use among Finnish preschoolers. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:8997. [PMID: 37351020 PMCID: PMC10284098 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.8997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preschoolers suffer frequently from infections. Although nutrition plays a key role in immune function, very little is known about the impact of overall diet on preschoolers' infections. Objective To assess the associations between dietary patterns, common infections and antibiotic use among Finnish preschoolers. Design The study included 721 3-6-year-old preschoolers participating in the cross-sectional DAGIS survey. Parents retrospectively reported the number of common colds, gastroenteritis episodes and antibiotic courses their children had acquired during the past year. Food consumption outside preschool hours was recorded using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived from the consumption frequencies using principal component analysis. Associations between the thirds of the dietary pattern scores and the outcomes were analysed using logistic and negative binomial regression models. Results Prevalence of common colds was lower in moderate and high adherence to the sweets-and-treats pattern than in low adherence (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80-1.00, and PR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.99, respectively) and higher in high adherence to the health-conscious pattern than in low adherence (PR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27) after adjusting for age, sex, number of children living in the same household, frequency of preschool attendance, family's highest education and probiotic use. The risk of ≥1 gastroenteritis episode and the prevalence of antibiotic courses were lower in moderate adherence to the sweets-and-treats pattern than in low adherence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92 and PR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59-1.00, respectively). Conclusions The results were unexpected. Parents who were most health-conscious of their children's diet might also have been more aware of their children's illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Peltonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna M. Abdollahi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nina Sajaniemi
- Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henna Vepsäläinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5400. [PMID: 37048015 PMCID: PMC10093865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Flores-Villalva S, Reid C, Remot A, Gordon SV, Meade KG. Long term dietary vitamin D 3 supplementation impacts both microbicidal and inflammatory responses to ex-vivo Mycobacterium bovis BCG challenge in dairy calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 258:110575. [PMID: 36848773 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with enhanced susceptibility to multiple respiratory diseases in humans, including tuberculosis. However, the consequences of VDD for disease susceptibility in calves are unknown. Previously we developed a model to drive divergent circulating 25OHD concentrations in cattle, where animals were supplemented with vitamin D3 (vit D3) from birth to 7 months of age. Calves in the control group (Ctl) received a diet containing a standard vit D3 concentration, whereas the vit D group (VitD) received a diet with the highest vit D3 concentration allowed under EU guidelines. Here, we assessed the microbicidal activity and immunoregulatory effect of divergent 25OHD circulating levels to Mycobacterium bovis BCG challenge ex-vivo. Blood samples from Ctl and VitD calves were taken at 1-, 3- and 7-months of age. 25OHD concentrations were significantly different at 7 months (but not at 1 or 3 months) with animals from the VitD group having higher serum levels. Differences in microbicidal activity followed the same pattern, with no significant differences observed at 1 and 3 months, but at 7 months a significant increase in the percentage of bacteria killed was detected. Furthermore, analysis of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum showed a higher production of ROS and NO in VitD-supplemented calves. In contrast, serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-8 were significantly lower. A similar anti-inflammatory profile was observed after gene expression analysis, with a significant downregulation of a cluster of genes including IL1B, IL1R1, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, MMP9 and COX2 and an upregulation of CXCR1, CX3CR1 and NCF1, in VitD calves after BCG challenge relative to Ctl animals. Collectively, these results suggest that dietary vit D3 boosts antimicrobial and innate immune responses and thereby could improve host anti-mycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Flores-Villalva
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; CENID Fisiología, INIFAP. Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Cian Reid
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aude Remot
- INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran G Meade
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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18
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Le A, Shaikh A, Ali M, Khrais A, Abboud Y. Malnutrition Imparts Worse Outcomes in Patients Admitted for Acute Pancreatitis. Cureus 2023; 15:e35822. [PMID: 37033570 PMCID: PMC10075145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cessation of enteral nutrition is usually a part of the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP) treatment. To our knowledge, there is no large database study that examines the effects of preexisting malnutrition on the morbidities of patients admitted for acute pancreatitis. We aimed to investigate the effects of malnutrition on patients admitted for acute pancreatitis. Methods Data between 2008 and 2014 from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was extracted. Inclusion criteria included patients with a primary diagnosis of AP using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, and ages greater than 17. Exclusion criteria included ICD-9 codes for chronic pancreatitis. The study group consisted of patients with a primary diagnosis of AP and a concurrent diagnosis of malnutrition. In-hospital mortality was compared using univariate and multivariate analyses to generate odds ratios. Elixhauser comorbidity scores predicting mortality and readmission were calculated based on weighted scores from 29 different comorbidities and compared using univariate analysis. Results Patients with malnutrition were significantly more likely to experience in-hospital mortality, sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock, and respiratory failure. Malnutrition was found to increase mortality. Female sex and Black or Hispanic race showed lower mortality. Conclusion We hypothesize that there are likely other preexisting comorbidities that lead to malnutrition before the onset of pancreatitis. Malnutrition can cause impaired healing and the ability to recover from acute inflammation, which may be why the study group had a higher rate of sepsis.
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19
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She Y, Wang K, Makarowski A, Mangat R, Tsai S, Willing BP, Proctor SD, Richard C. Low-fat dairy consumption improves intestinal immune function more than high-fat dairy in a diet-induced swine model of insulin resistance. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:699-711. [PMID: 36197467 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the effects of consuming high-fat and low-fat dairy products on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors and intestinal immune function, we used an established low birthweight (LBW) swine model of diet-induced insulin resistance. METHODS LBW piglets were randomized to consume one of the 3 experimental high fat diets and were fed for a total of 7 weeks: (1) Control high fat (LBW-CHF), (2) CHF diet supplemented with 3 servings of high-fat dairy (LBW-HFDairy) and (3) CHF diet supplemented with 3 servings of low-fat dairy (LBW-LFDairy). As comparison groups, normal birthweight (NBW) piglets were fed a CHF (NBW-CHF) or standard pig grower diet (NBW-Chow). At 11 weeks of age, all piglets underwent an established modified oral glucose and fat tolerance test. At 12 weeks of age, piglets were euthanized and ex vivo cytokine production by cells isolated from mesenteric lymph node (MLN) stimulated with mitogens was assessed. RESULTS Dairy consumption did not modulate postprandial plasma lipid, inflammatory markers and glucose concentrations. A lower production of IL-2 and TNF-α after pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation was observed in LBW-CHF vs NBW-Chow (P < 0.05), suggesting impaired MLN T cell function. While feeding high-fat dairy had minimal effects, feeding low-fat dairy significantly improved the production of IL-2 and TNF-α after PWM stimulation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of fat content, dairy had a neutral effect on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors. Low-fat dairy products improved intestinal T cell function to a greater extent than high-fat dairy in this swine model of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo She
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rabban Mangat
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, 4-002G Li Ka Shing (LKS) Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E, Canada.
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20
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Massari MC, Bimonte VM, Falcioni L, Moretti A, Baldari C, Iolascon G, Migliaccio S. Nutritional and physical activity issues in frailty syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231152648. [PMID: 36820002 PMCID: PMC9929193 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
'Frailty' has been described as 'a state of increased vulnerability of the individual caused by an impairment of homeostasis as a result of endogenous or exogenous stress'. Frail individuals are depicted by a dramatic change in health status following an apparently minor insult and a higher risk of adverse health-related outcomes such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, falls and disability, and fragility fractures. Frailty is a condition of increasing importance due to the global ageing of the population during the last decades. Central to the pathophysiology of frailty is a mechanism that is partially independent of ageing, but most likely evolves with ageing: the cumulative level of molecular and cellular damage in every subject. Furthermore, an uncorrected nutrition and a sedentary behaviour play a pivotal role in worsening the syndrome. In January 2020, a cluster of a genus of the family Coronaviridae was isolated as the pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Since then, this infection has spread worldwide causing one of the most dramatic pandemics of the modern era, with more than 500 million confirmed cases all over the world. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 severity ranges from asymptomatic conditions to mild symptoms, such as fever, cough, ageusia, anosmia and asthenia, up to most severe conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure leading to death. Primary evidence revealed that the elderly frail subjects were more susceptible to the disease in its most intense form and were at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Factors contributing to the severity of COVID-19, and the higher mortality rate, are a poor immune system activity and long-standing inflammatory status of the frail subjects compared with the general population. Further recent research also suggested a potential role of sedentary behaviour, metabolic chronic disorders linked to it and uncorrected nutritional status. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the different studies and evidence related to COVID-19 pandemic, both nutritional status and physical activity, and, also, to provide further information on the correct nutritional approach in this peculiar pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maria Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falcioni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Banitalebi E, Abdizadeh T, Khademi Dehkordi M, Saghaei E, Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi M. In silico study of potential immunonutrient-based sports supplements against COVID-19 via targeting ACE2 inhibition using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1041-1061. [PMID: 34931597 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of some sports supplements can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), a receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as reviewed through molecular docking and sequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations against this condition. The crystal structures of ACE2 receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, applied in docking analysis, were taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The receptors were then prepared using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), as a drug-discovery software platform for docking. Supplements such as quercetin and beta glucan (β-glucan) were the top docked compounds to ACE2 receptor though they strongly interacted with CoV target protein. The study data showed that immune responses to immunonutrient-based sports compounds (viz. quercetin and β-glucan) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were essential in mounting successful immune responses by athletes. While awaiting the development of an effective vaccine, there is a need to focus on immunonutrient-based sports supplements as preventive and therapeutic options that can be implemented in a safe and quick manner to bolster immune responses in athletes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tooba Abdizadeh
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Elham Saghaei
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, School of medicine, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical plants research center, Basic health science, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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22
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Thomas M, Coneyworth L, Welham S. Influence of income on diet quality and daily iron and zinc intake: analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of British females aged 11-14 and 15-18 years. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:499-510. [PMID: 36149464 PMCID: PMC9510520 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A negative socio-economic gradient exists for diet and health outcomes. Since cheaper diets are associated with increased energy and lower nutrient density, we investigated the influence of income on iron and zinc intakes and overall diet quality for adolescent (DQI-A) females aged 11-18 years. METHODS National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS years 7 and 8) data for iron and zinc intake and overall diet quality was assessed by household income quintile across females aged 11-18 years. RESULTS Equivalised household income positively correlated with Diet quality index for adolescents (DQI-A) (P < 0.001) Females aged 15-18 years in income quintiles (IQs) I and 2, had a greater proportion of respondents with low to intermediate DQI-A score compared to higher IQs (P = 0.002). NDNS data showed intake was negatively influenced by income amongst females aged 11-14 years for iron (P = 0.009) and zinc (P = 0.001) with those from the lowest incomes consistently consuming significantly less than those from the highest. DQI-A was positively correlated with iron intakes for 11-14 (P = 0.001) and 15-18 years (P < 0.001). Forty-one percent of 15-18-year-olds plasma ferritin stores were below the 15 µg L-1 and 21% had some form of anaemia. Cereal and cereal products were the greatest contributors to iron in all groups. CONCLUSION Females in the lowest income groups are at greater risk of lower overall diet quality and inadequate iron and zinc intakes. Amongst older adolescents, there is evidence of iron stores being depleted and an increased prevalence of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Thomas
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Lisa Coneyworth
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Simon Welham
- Division of Nutritional Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
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23
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Alrashidi HE, Alotiby AA. Zinc Modulates the Priming of T Helper 1, T Helper 17, and T Regulatory Cells in Allogeneic and Autologous in vitro Models. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6931-6939. [PMID: 36605132 PMCID: PMC9809170 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s391407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc is essential for the growth and differentiation of immune cells. Zinc insufficiency affects immune system function, thereby increasing infection susceptibility, autoimmunity, and allergies. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on T cell subpopulations, regulatory T (Tregs), T helper 1 (Th1), and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Methods Allogeneic immune reactions were imitative using mixed lymphocyte cultures, followed by incubation with zinc to further monitor their effects. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Production of Interferon-gamma (IFNγ), Interleukin-17 A (IL17A), and IL10 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Th1 cell-specific Tbet, Th17 cell-specific RORC2, and Tregs-specific Foxp3 expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Zinc supplementation at a physiological dose significantly increased CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs and CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs numbers and slightly decreased CD4+ RORC2+ and CD25+ RORC2+ Th17 cell numbers. A significant reduction in IFNγ production was observed in both restimulated T cells with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and allogeneic PBMC compared to that in untreated T cells. Zinc significantly reduced IL17 expression, but the increase in IL10 expression was insignificant. In zinc-supplemented MLC, a non-significant decrease in Th1 or Th17 cell-specific transcription factors expression was observed, whereas there was a significant increase in Tregs-specific transcription factor expression. Conclusion Zinc can stabilize Tregs participating in adverse immune reactions or in an in vitro transplantation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Alrashidi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna A Alotiby
- Haematology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Amna A Alotiby, Haematology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Email
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24
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Lin GT, Huang JB, Lin JL, Lin JX, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lu J, Zheng CH, Huang CM, Li P. Body composition parameters for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1061044. [PMID: 36569876 PMCID: PMC9772614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, the effect of body composition on the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy has not been reported. Methods The computed tomography (CT) images and clinicopathological data of 101 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NCI) from 2019 to 2021 were collected. The CT image of L3 vertebral body section was selected, and the body composition before and after the neoadjuvant treatment was calculated using the SliceOmatic software, mainly including skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous adipose index (SAI), and visceral adipose index (VAI). The relationship between body composition and the efficacy and adverse events of NCI was analyzed. Results Of the 101 patients, 81 with evaluable data were included in the analysis. Of the included patients, 77.8% were male; the median age of all the patients was 62 years, and the median neoadjuvant therapy cycle was three. After the neoadjuvant therapy, 62.9% of the tumors were in remission (residual tumor cells ≤ 50%), and 37.1% of the tumors had no remission (residual tumor cells>50%). Moreover, 61.7% of the patients had treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and 18.5% had immune-related adverse events (irAEs). After neoadjuvant therapy, the body mass index (from 23 to 22.6 cm2/m2, p=0.042), SAI (from 34.7 to 32.9 cm2/m2, p=0.01) and VAI (from 32.4 to 26.8 cm2/m2, p=0.005) were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the SMI had no significant change (44.7 vs 42.5 cm2/m2, p=0.278). The multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that low SMI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.23,95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-9.81, p=0.047), SMI attenuation (△SMI) ≥ 1.8(OR: 1.45,95%CI: 1.20-3.48, p=0.048), and clinical node positivity (OR: 6.99,95%CI: 2.35-20.82, p=0.001) were independent risk factors for non-remission. Additionally, high SAI is an independent risk factor for irAEs (OR: 14, 95%CI: 1.73-112.7, p=0.013). Conclusion Low SMI and △SMI≥1.8 are independent risk factors for poor tumor regression in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving NCI. Patients with a high SAI are more likely to develop irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tan Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Bao Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ping Li, ; Chang-Ming Huang, ; Chao-Hui Zheng,
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ping Li, ; Chang-Ming Huang, ; Chao-Hui Zheng,
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ping Li, ; Chang-Ming Huang, ; Chao-Hui Zheng,
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25
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Razzaghi A, Ghaffari MH, Rico DE. The impact of environmental and nutritional stresses on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 83:106784. [PMID: 36586193 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress reduces milk and milk components synthesis and increases maintenance requirements of cows. The major stress-related alterations involve enhanced secretion of glucocorticoids and increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which results in biochemical and physiologic changes. In dairy cows exposed to social (ie housing conditions, overstocking, regrouping, feed delivery), physiological (ie initiation of lactation and parturition), or physical (ie heat or cold stress) stressors, responses involve alterations in energy balance and nutrient partitioning. The capacity of the animal to synthesize milk fat largely depends on the availability of substrates for lipid synthesis from the diet, ruminal fermentation or adipose tissue stores, all of which can be altered under stress conditions. Indeed, milk fat concentration is particularly responsive to diet and environment modifications, where a wide range of nutritional and non-nutritional factors influence milk fat output. Milk fat synthesis is an energy demanding process, and extremely sensitive to stress factors during lactation and the involvement of multiple organs. Recent studies examining social, physical, and physiological stressors have provided important insights into how differences in milk yield and milk components may be associated with biological responses to stress factors in dairy cows. This review focuses primarily on the role of stress sources and indicators to which the dairy cow is exposed in regulating milk fat synthesis. We will review the role of nutritional and non-nutritional factors on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Razzaghi
- Innovation Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault, QC, Canada, G0A 1S0
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26
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Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Busetto L, Cederholm T, Chourdakis M, Cuerda C, Delzenne N, Genton L, Schneider S, Singer P, Boirie Y. Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2869-2886. [PMID: 34140163 PMCID: PMC8110326 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemics has created unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Among other important risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, obesity has emerged along with undernutrition-malnutrition as a strong predictor of disease risk and severity. Obesity-related excessive body fat may lead to respiratory, metabolic and immune derangements potentially favoring the onset of COVID-19 complications. In addition, patients with obesity may be at risk for loss of skeletal muscle mass, reflecting a state of hidden malnutrition with a strong negative health impact in all clinical settings. Also importantly, obesity is commonly associated with micronutrient deficiencies that directly influence immune function and infection risk. Finally, the pandemic-related lockdown, deleterious lifestyle changes and other numerous psychosocial consequences may worsen eating behaviors, sedentarity, body weight regulation, ultimately leading to further increments of obesity-associated metabolic complications with loss of skeletal muscle mass and higher non-communicable disease risk. Therefore, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies should be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients in the presence of obesity; lockdown-induced health risks should also be specifically monitored and prevented in this population. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing clinical practice guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients with obesity in various clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy,Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara Hospital, Trieste, Italy,Corresponding author. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences and Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine and Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laurence Genton
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Nice University Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Human Nutrition Unit, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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27
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Barazzoni R, Breda J, Cuerda C, Schneider S, Deutz NE, Wickramasinghe K, Abbasoglu O, Meijerink JB, Bischoff S, Pelaez RB, Cardenas D, Cederholm T, Cereda E, Chourdakis M, Toulson Davisson Correia MI, Schuren MDVD, Delzenne N, Frias-Toral E, Genton L, Cappellari GG, Cakir BK, Klek S, Krznaric Z, Laviano A, Lobo D, Muscaritoli M, Ockenga J, Pirlich M, Serlie MJM, Shi HP, Singer P, Soop M, Walrand S, Weimann A. COVID-19: Lessons on malnutrition, nutritional care and public health from the ESPEN-WHO Europe call for papers. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2858-2868. [PMID: 36075815 PMCID: PMC9365508 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With prolonged pandemic conditions, and emerging evidence but persisting low awareness of the importance of nutritional derangements, ESPEN has promoted in close collaboration with World Health Organization-Europe a call for papers on all aspects relating COVID-19 and nutrition as well as nutritional care, in the Society Journals Clinical Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. Although more COVID-related papers are being submitted and continue to be evaluated, ESPEN and WHO present the current editorial to summarize the many published findings supporting major interactions between nutritional status and COVID-19. These include 1) high risk of developing the disease and high risk of severe disease in the presence of pre-existing undernutrition (malnutrition) including micronutrient deficiencies; 2) high risk of developing malnutrition during the course of COVID-19, with substantial impact on long-term sequelae and risk of long COVID; 3) persons with obesity are also prone to develop or worsen malnutrition and its negative consequences during the course of COVID-19; 4) malnutrition screening and implementation of nutritional care may improve disease outcomes; 5) social and public health determinants contribute to the interaction between nutritional status and COVID-19, including negative impact of lockdown and social limitations on nutrition quality and nutritional status. We believe the evidence supports the need to consider COVID-19 as (also) a case of malnutrition-enhanced disease and disease-related malnutrition, with added risk for persons both with and without obesity. Similarities with many other disease conditions further support recommendations to implement standard nutritional screening and care in COVID-19 patients, and they underscore the relevance of appropriate nutritional and lifestyle prevention policies to limit infection risk and mitigate the negative health impact of acute pandemic bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Corresponding author. Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Fiorino S, Carusi A, Hong W, Cernuschi P, Gallo CG, Ferrara E, Maloberti T, Visani M, Lari F, de Biase D, Zippi M. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: What we know, what we can do to improve them and what we could learn from other well-known viruses. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:422-453. [PMID: 36694588 PMCID: PMC9834075 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent weeks, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been progressively increasing all over the globe, even in countries where vaccination programs have been strongly implemented. In these regions in 2021, a reduction in the number of hospitalizations and deaths compared to 2020 was observed. This decrease is certainly associated with the introduction of vaccination measures. The process of the development of effective vaccines represents an important challenge. Overall, the breakthrough infections occurring in vaccinated subjects are in most cases less severe than those observed in unvaccinated individuals. This review examines the factors affecting the immunogenicity of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and the possible role of nutrients in modulating the response of distinct immune cells to the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy,* Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Carusi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wandong Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China
| | - Paolo Cernuschi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Quisana Private Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Thais Maloberti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna-Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna-Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Budrio (Bologna), Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Calder PC, Ortega EF, Meydani SN, Adkins Y, Stephensen CB, Thompson B, Zwickey H. Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:S1-S26. [PMID: 36183242 PMCID: PMC9526826 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging is associated with changes in the immune system, with a decline in protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility to infectious disease, and a chronic elevation in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), increasing the risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition is a determinant of immune cell function and of the gut microbiota. In turn, the gut microbiota shapes and controls the immune and inflammatory responses. Many older people show changes in the gut microbiota. Age-related changes in immune competence, low-grade inflammation, and gut dysbiosis may be interlinked and may relate, at least in part, to age-related changes in nutrition. A number of micronutrients (vitamins C, D, and E and zinc and selenium) play roles in supporting the function of many immune cell types. Some trials report that providing these micronutrients as individual supplements can reverse immune deficits in older people and/or in those with insufficient intakes. There is inconsistent evidence that this will reduce the risk or severity of infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, especially by promoting the colonization of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated to modulate some immune and inflammatory biomarkers in older people and, in some cases, to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, although, again, the evidence is inconsistent. Further research with well-designed and well-powered trials in at-risk older populations is required to be more certain about the role of micronutrients and of strategies that modify the gut microbiota-host relationship in protecting against infection, especially respiratory infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Frank Ortega
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer–USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brice Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
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Xie H, Yu E, Wen H, Jiang B, Fu G, Sun H, He J. Effects of dietary daidzein supplementation on reproductive performance, immunity, and antioxidative capacity of New Zealand White does. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Kadji Fassi JB, Boukeng Jatsa H, Membe Femoe U, Greigert V, Brunet J, Cannet C, Kenfack CM, Gipwe Feussom N, Tienga Nkondo E, Abou-Bacar A, Pfaff AW, Kamgang R, Kamtchouing P, Tchuem Tchuenté LA. Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010249. [PMID: 35839247 PMCID: PMC9328564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Undernutrition and schistosomiasis are public health problems and often occur in low and middle-income countries. Protein undernutrition can alter the host-parasite environment system and aggravate the course of schistosomiasis. This study aimed to assess the impact of a low-protein diet on the efficacy of praziquantel. Methodology/Principal findings Thirty-day-old mice were fed with a low-protein diet, and 40 days later, they were individually infected with fifty Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. A 28-day-treatment with praziquantel at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days followed by distilled water begins on the 36th day post-infection. Mice were sacrificed on the 64th day post-infection. We determined the parasitological burden, liver and intestine histomorphometry, liver injury, and immunomodulation parameters. Praziquantel treatment of infected mice fed with a standard diet (IN-PZQ) resulted in a significant reduction of worm and egg burdens and a normalization of iron and calcium levels. The therapy also improved schistosomiasis-induced hepatopathy and oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel were also significant in these mice. When infected mice receiving the low-protein diet were treated with praziquantel (ILP-PZQ), the body weight loss and hepatomegaly were not alleviated, and the worm and liver egg burdens were significantly higher than those of IN-PZQ mice (P < 0.001). The treatment did not reduce the increased activities of ALT and γ-GGT, the high malondialdehyde concentration, and the liver granuloma volume. The iron and calcium levels were not ameliorated and differed from those of IN-PZQ mice (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). Moreover, in these mice, praziquantel treatment did not reverse the high level of IL-5 and the low mRNA expression of CCL3/MIP-1α and CXCL-10/IP-10 induced by S. mansoni infection. Conclusion/Significance These results demonstrated that a low-protein diet reduced the schistosomicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities of praziquantel. Almost 90% of people requiring schistosomiasis preventive chemotherapy in 2018 lived in sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, 205.3 million children under five years suffer and die of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries. The physiopathology of schistosomiasis mansoni involves liver damage, oxidative stress, and perturbation of the immune response. These disturbances are intensified by undernutrition. Praziquantel is used to treat schistosomiasis, but its efficacy on the comorbidity of S. mansoni infection and undernutrition has not been investigated. We conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of praziquantel on S. mansoni infection in mice fed with a low-protein diet. We recorded growth retardation, hepatomegaly, and high worm and egg burdens in mice fed with a low-protein diet and treated with PZQ. Moreover, the treatment did not reverse the liver function injury, oxidative stress, high iron level, and low calcium level. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-5 was still high, and the gene expression of some macrophage-associated chemokines was reduced. Therefore, this study demonstrated that in a murine model of a low-protein diet, the efficacy of praziquantel on S. mansoni infection was reduced. It also underlines the importance of targeting protein deficiency and malnutrition in populations living in schistosomiasis endemic areas for efficient disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bertin Kadji Fassi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Hermine Boukeng Jatsa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrich Membe Femoe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Greigert
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Laboratory of Histomorphometry, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Mérimé Kenfack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Nestor Gipwe Feussom
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Emilienne Tienga Nkondo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ahmed Abou-Bacar
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexander Wilhelm Pfaff
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamic Host-Pathogen Interactions, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - René Kamgang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Kamtchouing
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Batiha GES, Al-Gareeb AI, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Kaushik D, Verma R, Al-Kuraishy HM. Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43516-43531. [PMID: 35391642 PMCID: PMC8989262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects human health from the effects of pathogenic organisms; however, its activity is affected when individuals become infected. These activities require a series of molecules, substrates, and energy sources that are derived from diets. The consumed nutrients from diets help to enhance the immunity of infected individuals as it relates to COVID-19 patients. This study aims to review and highlight requirement and role of macro- and micronutrients of COVID-19 patients in enhancing their immune systems. Series of studies were found to have demonstrated the enhancing potentials of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and selenium) in supporting the immune system's fight against respiratory infections. Each of these nutrients performs a vital role as an antiviral defense in COVID-19 patients. Appropriate consumption or intake of dietary sources that yield these nutrients will help provide the daily requirement to support the immune system in its fight against pathogenic viruses such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida M Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, Gombart AF, Ho E, Laviano A, Meydani SN. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1415-1430. [PMID: 35587877 PMCID: PMC9384096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is weakened by advancing age, often referred to as immunosenescence, increasing the vulnerability to, and frequently the severity of, infectious diseases in older people. This has become very apparent in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for which older people are at higher risk of severe outcomes, even those who are fully vaccinated. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems and is characterized by an imbalanced inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that optimal status of nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids DHA and EPA can help compensate for these age-related changes. While inadequate intakes of these nutrients are widespread in the general population, this is often more pronounced in older people. Maintaining adequate intakes is a challenge for them due to a range of factors such as physical, physiological, and cognitive changes; altered absorption; and the presence of noncommunicable diseases. While nutritional requirements are ideally covered by a balanced diet, this can be difficult to achieve, particularly for older people. Fortified foods and nutritional complements are effective in achieving adequate micronutrient intakes and should be considered as a safe and cost-effective means for older people to improve their nutritional status and hence support their defense against infections. Complementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients, particularly those playing a key role in the immune system such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as DHA and EPA, is recommended for older people. Optimal nutrition to support the immune system in older people will remain essential, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, thus, developing strategies to ensure adequate nutrition for the growing number of older adults will be an important and cost-effective investment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Voelkle M, Gregoriano C, Neyer P, Koch D, Kutz A, Bernasconi L, Conen A, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091862. [PMID: 35565831 PMCID: PMC9101904 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A higher risk for severe clinical courses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to deficiencies of several micronutrients. We therefore studied the prevalence of deficiencies of eight different micronutrients in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19-patients. Methods: We measured admission serum/plasma levels of vitamins A, B12, D, and E, as well as folic acid, zinc, selenium, and copper in 57 consecutively admitted adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 and analyzed prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and correlations among micronutrient levels. Further, we studied associations of micronutrient levels with severe disease progression, a composite endpoint consisting of in-hospital mortality and/or need for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment with logistic regression. Results: Median age was 67.0 years (IQR 60.0, 74.2) and 60% (n = 34) were male. Overall, 79% (n = 45) of patients had at least one deficient micronutrient level and 33% (n = 19) had ≥3 deficiencies. Most prevalent deficiencies were found for selenium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc (51%, 40%, 39%, and 39%, respectively). We found several correlations among micronutrients with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.27 to r = 0.42. The strongest associations with lower risk for severe COVID-19 disease progression (adjusted odds ratios) were found for higher levels of vitamin A (0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.69, p = 0.01), zinc (0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.98, p = 0.03), and folic acid (0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.98, p = 0.02). Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in mostly older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, particularly regarding selenium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and zinc. Several deficiencies were associated with a higher risk for more severe COVID-19 courses. Whether supplementation of micronutrients is useful for prevention of severe clinical courses or treatment of COVID-19 warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyola Voelkle
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Claudia Gregoriano
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (P.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Daniel Koch
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Alexander Kutz
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (P.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Anna Conen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department of Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; (M.V.); (C.G.); (D.K.); (A.K.); (B.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-62-838-9524
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35
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Barros-Neto JA, Mello CS, Vasconcelos SML, Bádue GS, Ferreira RC, Andrade MISD, Nascimento CQD, Macena MDL, Silva JAD, Clemente HA, Petribu MDMV, Dourado KF, Pinho CPS, Vieira RAL, Mello LBD, Neves MBD, Jesus CAD, Santos TMPD, Soares BLDM, Medeiros LDB, França APD, Sales ALDCC, Furtado EVH, Oliveira AC, Farias FO, Freitas MC, Bueno NB. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UNDERWEIGHT AND EXCESS BODY WEIGHT BEFORE SARS-COV-2 INFECTION AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COVID-19: MULTICENTER STUDY. Nutrition 2022; 101:111677. [PMID: 35660497 PMCID: PMC8975608 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to identify associations between extremes in body weight status (underweight and excess body weight) before a COVID-19 diagnosis and clinical outcomes in patients infected with SARS coronavirus type 2. Methods A multicenter cohort study was conducted in eight different states in northeastern Brazil. Demographic, clinical (previous diagnosis of comorbidities), and anthropometric (self-reported weight and height) data about individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 were collected. Outcomes included hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death. Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted based on age, sex and previous comorbidities, were used to assess the effects of extremes in body weight status on clinical outcomes. Results A total of 1308 individuals were assessed (33.6% were elderly individuals). The univariable analyses showed that only hospitalization was more often observed among underweight (3.2% versus 1.2%) and overweight (68.1% versus 63.3%) individuals. In turn, cardiovascular diseases were more often observed in all clinical outcomes (hospitalization: 19.7% versus 4.8%; mechanical ventilation: 19.9% versus 13.5%; death: 21.8% versus 14.1%). Based on the multivariable analysis, body weight status was not associated with risk of hospitalization (underweight: odds ratio [OR]: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 95%, 0.50–2.41 and excess body weight: OR: 0.81; 95 CI, 0.57–1.14), mechanical ventilation (underweight: OR: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.52–1.62 and excess weight: OR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.67–1.19), and death (underweight: OR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.31–1.20 and excess body weight: OR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.63–1.23). Conclusions Being underweight and excess body weight were not independently associated with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in the herein analyzed cohort. This finding indicates that the association between these variables may be confounded by both age and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raphaela Costa Ferreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; Curso de Nutrição, Centro Universitário Tiradentes, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Adailton da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Heleni Aires Clemente
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Keila Fernandes Dourado
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larissa de Brito Medeiros
- Faculdade de Santa Maria de Cajazeiras, Cajazeiras, Paraíba, Brazil; Facudade de Integração do Sertão, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation: As a Supportive Therapy in the Treatment of COVID-19. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3323825. [PMID: 35355818 PMCID: PMC8960013 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3323825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the infection and treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, age and comorbidities play a major role in the successful management of COVID-19. The nutritional status changes which occur in the body vary with the age and underlying conditions and has a vital role in the functioning of the immune system and cellular membrane integrity, thus minimizing the vulnerability to the infection. Considering the data already published by eminent researchers, a few micronutrients have shown outstanding results as supportive therapies in the treatment of viral infections. Micronutrient like zinc improves the membrane barrier integrity, has anti-inflammatory activity, and is involved in antibody production. Vitamin A supports the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while vitamin C reduces the worsening of respiratory tract infections by restoring the dysfunctional epithelial barrier of the lungs. Vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acid metabolites play a major role in immunomodulation and in the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production. Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of antibodies, while copper, vitamin B12, and folate have significant effects on immune cells. A few researchers suggest that iron supplementation has reduced the risk of acquiring respiratory tract infections in children. As the age of the patient increases, the need for micronutrients increases, thus leading to an imbalanced nutritional status which in turn increases the risk and fatality of the infections. The use of micronutrients in modulating the inflammatory, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier integrity is explored during the treatment of viral infections for faster recovery.
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Altooq N, Humood A, Alajaimi A, Alenezi AF, Janahi M, AlHaj O, Jahrami H. The role of micronutrients in the management of COIVD-19 and optimizing vaccine efficacy. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2022; 27:200141. [PMID: 38620928 PMCID: PMC8788090 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Since COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic, a race between researchers has begun to deeply examine the mechanism of the virus and how to combat it. Few clinical investigations and studies have paid attention to the role of micronutrients in the disease's course and how it may affect the disease outcomes. Micronutrients have a noticeable effect on the host immune system regulation, as well as micronutrients insufficiencies where they can affect the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 by, for example, altering the production and the function of the inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IFN-α, TNF and interleukins. Recent studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc, selenium, copper and magnesium have a great clinical impact on COVID-19 patients, where, they are linked to prolong hospital stay, increase the mortality rate and raise the complications rate related not only to the respiratory system but also to the other systems. Optimizing the need for these micronutrients will act as a productive factor by decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 infection, lowering the rate of complications, and improving the disease prognosis and outcomes. Optimal micro-nutrition supports and contributes to the efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of different micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 and optimizing vaccines, and to revile the clinical effects of micronutrients deficiencies on patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Altooq
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali Humood
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Alajaimi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmad F Alenezi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mohamed Janahi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Omar AlHaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
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Santos L. The impact of nutrition and lifestyle modification on health. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 97:18-25. [PMID: 34670680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main recommendations from public health entities include healthy diets and physical activity as the main lifestyle factors impacting the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and even neurological diseases. Randomized clinical trials have been designed to demonstrate those lifestyle modifications can change the pattern of chronic diseases development and progression. Among these, nutrition is one of the most impacting factors. Therefore, nutrition and diets were also included in different randomized clinical trials, and most of them showed a favorable impact of nutrition modification on the participant's health. Nevertheless, study designs were considerably different, and future studies are needed to support nutrition modifications further. The choice of a healthy considered diet, like the Mediterranean diet, was shown to impact chronic diseases, cardiovascular risk, and adult life expectancy mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, a high intake of fibers, fruits, and vegetables together with a low intake of fat and energy-dense, processed foods contribute to an inflammation reduction and a more robust immune system leading. Besides these well-known properties, all lifestyle modifications must be personalized according to the availability of foods, geographic localizations, and the healthy status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Venturelli S, Leischner C, Helling T, Renner O, Burkard M, Marongiu L. Minerals and Cancer: Overview of the Possible Diagnostic Value. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051256. [PMID: 35267564 PMCID: PMC8909570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Minerals are important but often overlooked compounds that are required for a variety of cellular biochemical processes and pathways that regulate cell proliferation. Their dietary imbalance, which is becoming more common in the diets of industrialized countries, is linked to an increased risk of cancer. The current review will present some of the most important minerals for human physiology and evaluate their potential application as cancer biomarkers. Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to increase by one-third over the next two decades, in parallel with the growing proportion of the elderly population. Treatment and control of cancer incidence is a global issue. Since there is no clear way to prevent or cure this deadly malignancy, diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic markers for oncological diseases are of great therapeutic value. Minerals and trace elements are important micronutrients for normal physiological function of the body. They are abundant in natural food sources and are regularly included in dietary supplements whereas highly processed industrial food often contains reduced or altered amounts of them. In modern society, the daily intake, storage pools, and homeostasis of these micronutrients are dependent on certain dietary habits and can be thrown out of balance by malignancies. The current work summarizes the data on minerals and trace elements associated with abnormal accumulation or depletion states in tumor patients and discusses their value as potential tumor-associated biomarkers that could be introduced into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Thomas Helling
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Renner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.M.); Tel.: +49-711-459-23621 (M.B.); +49-711-459-23618 (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.M.); Tel.: +49-711-459-23621 (M.B.); +49-711-459-23618 (L.M.)
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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. J. Joost van Neerven,
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Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020294. [PMID: 35214752 PMCID: PMC8874781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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Karlsson H, Sjöqvist H, Brynge M, Gardner R, Dalman C. Childhood infections and autism spectrum disorders and/or intellectual disability: a register-based cohort study. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:12. [PMID: 35151261 PMCID: PMC8903600 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the associations between childhood infections and subsequent diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and their co-occurrence. Methods The association between specialized care for any infection, defined by ICD-codes, and later ASD or ID was investigated in a register-based cohort of 556,732 individuals born 1987–2010, resident in Stockholm County, followed from birth to their 18th birthday or December 31, 2016. We considered as potential confounders children’s characteristics, family socioeconomic factors, obstetric complications, and parental histories of treatment for infection and psychiatric disorders in survival analyses with extended Cox regression models. Residual confounding by shared familial factors was addressed in sibling analyses using within-strata estimation in Cox regression models. Sensitivity analyses with the exclusion of congenital causes of ASD/ID and documented risk for infections were also performed. Results Crude estimates indicated that infections during childhood were associated with later ASD and ID with the largest risks observed for diagnoses involving ID. Inclusion of covariates, exclusion of congenital causes of ASD/ID from the population, and sibling comparisons highlighted the potential for confounding by both heritable and non-heritable factors, though risks remained in all adjusted models. In adjusted sibling comparisons, excluding congenital causes, infections were associated with later “ASD without ID” (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.15–1.33), “ASD with ID” (1.57, 1.35–1.82), and “ID without ASD” (2.01, 1.76–2.28). Risks associated with infections varied by age at exposure and by age at diagnosis of ASD/ID. Conclusions Infections during childhood may contribute to a later diagnosis of ID and ASD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-022-09422-4.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article will briefly describe the role of specific dietary components, mainly micronutrients, in supporting the immune response and summarise the literature regarding foods and dietary patterns in the context of immunity and infectious illness. Literature on SARS-COV-2 infection and COVID-19 is referred to where appropriate. RECENT FINDINGS Micronutrients, other nutrients and plant bioactives have roles in supporting the immune response. Low status of a number of micronutrients is associated with increased risk and severity of COVID-19. Recent studies report associations of plant-based diets with lower risk of, and less severe, COVID-19. SUMMARY In order to support the immune response, sufficient amounts of a range of essential and non-essential nutrients and other bioactives, mainly from a plant-based diet should be consumed. Further research should define cause-and-effect relationships of intakes of individual dietary components and foods, and of dietary patterns with susceptibility to, and severity of, viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Lewis SL, Chizmar LR, Liotta S. COVID-19 and Micronutrient Deficiency symptoms – is there some overlap? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:275-281. [PMID: 35331502 PMCID: PMC8809666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims COVID-19 is highly inflammatory and when it affects the elderly who have multiple comorbidities, the risk of malnutrition is high. The aim of this review is to highlight the evidence for COVID-19 and risk for malnutrition (macro- and micro-nutrient deficiency) sharing two case reports. Methods We report two cases of patients with COVID-19. The first case includes a 75-year-old male with increasing confusion, delirium and malnutrition once he had clinically resolved from his COVID-19 diagnosis. The patient had a number of comorbidities and was treated with diuretics before and after his hospital admission. He was treated with intravenous thiamine and enteral nutrition. The second case includes a 77-year-old male with diabetes who presented with suspected vitamin C deficiency likely due to chronic aspirin use nearly two weeks prior to being diagnosed with pneumonia and COVID-19. The patient recovered from his COVID-19 diagnosis but continued to decline nutritionally and was readmitted sixty days later with failure to thrive. Results The first case had significant improvements in his appetite and neurological conditions following thiamine infusion and enteral nutrition and was discharged to home after a 19-day hospital stay. The second case presented with a vitamin C deficiency before testing positive for COVID-19. Although he did recover from COVID-19 he struggled to meet nutritional needs post-COVID and passed away 60 days after his COVID-19 diagnosis with pneumonia and failure to thrive. Conclusion Elderly patients with chronic diseases who use nutrient depleting medications are particularly high risk for micronutrient deficiency when they also experience the inflammatory insult of COVID-19. Patients who continue to have poor nutrition intake even after they appear to be clinically resolved from the virus should be closely monitored.
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Năstăsescu V, Mititelu M, Stanciu TI, Drăgănescu D, Grigore ND, Udeanu DI, Stanciu G, Neacșu SM, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Oprea E, Ghica M. Food Habits and Lifestyle of Romanians in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030504. [PMID: 35276862 PMCID: PMC8839677 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has produced significant changes in socio-cultural life, diet, and interpersonal relationships across the world’s population. The present study aims to identify changes in lifestyle and diet among the Romanian population one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire with 58 items (addressing the following aspects: socio-demographic and anthropometric data, current eating habits, and lifestyle changes) was distributed using institutional mailing lists and social media. A total number of 2040 respondents participated in the study, of whom 1464 were women, and 576 men. Among the respondents, 1598 came from urban areas and 442 from rural areas. The processing of the collected data showed significant changes in the behavior of the respondents caused by the pandemic situation with psycho-affective changes in some cases. The number of people who had anxiety, depression and nervousness increased by up to 20%. The majority of respondents (over 57%) were up to 30 years old, either students (43.50%) or employees going to workplaces (33.20%). Analyzing eating habits, we found that diet modification was needed to increase the daily consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, and seafood. Regarding weight status during the pandemic, we noticed that 34.7% of normal-weight respondents said that they gained weight while 49.7% of overweight people and 52.5% of obese people said that they gained weight (p < 0.0001). Regarding psycho-emotional behavior, 11.81% of the surveyed women stated that they frequently had depressive states during the pandemic period and 11.63% of the men stated that they frequently presented depressive states during the pandemic (p = 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Năstăsescu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (V.N.); (C.E.D.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Pharmaceutical Physics and Informatics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Diana Grigore
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (N.D.G.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Gabriela Stanciu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanța, 900527 Constanța, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (V.N.); (C.E.D.-P.)
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Manuela Ghica
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
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Taylor J, Sakkas P, Kyriazakis I. Starving for nutrients: anorexia during infection with parasites in broilers is affected by diet composition. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101535. [PMID: 34794080 PMCID: PMC8605289 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2 experiments, we investigated whether diet composition plays a role in pathogen-induced anorexia, the voluntary reduction in ADFI during infection in broilers. We hypothesized that either energy or CP dietary content could influence the extent of anorexia in Ross 308 broilers and infection outcomes with Eimeria maxima. From d 13 of age, half of the birds were infected, and half were uninfected. ADFI was measured daily, and BW every 3 d until d 29. Oocyst excretion was measured daily from d 17 to 23. The impact of parasitism on the small intestine was assessed on d 19 and 25. In Experiment 1, 336 birds were offered diets progressively diluted with lignocellulose, starting from a diet with 3,105 (kcal ME/kg) and 20% CP. There was a significant interaction between infection and diet on ADFI during the acute stage of infection (d 17 to 21): for control birds diet dilution decreased ADFI and consequently reduced energy and CP intake. For infected birds, diet dilution increased ADFI, leading to the same energy and CP intake across diets. Oocyst excretion and villi length to crypt depth ratio (VCR) were constant across infected treatments. In Experiment 2, 432 birds were offered diets with constant ME (3,105 kcal/kg), but different CP contents (24, 20, 26, and 12%). Infection significantly reduced ADFI. Although there was no interaction between infection and diet on ADFI, there was an interaction on CP intake during the acute stage of infection. Infected birds on the 20% CP diet achieved the same CP intake as uninfected birds. There were no differences in the VCR and ADG of the infected birds on 24, 20 and 16% CP treatments, but birds on 12% had the lowest ADG and excreted more oocysts. We suggest that during infection, birds target a nutrient resource intake, which appears to be beneficial for infection outcomes, while at the same time they avoid excess protein intake. We conclude that different mechanisms regulate ADFI in infected and uninfected birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taylor
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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“Food First but Not Always Food Only”: Recommendations for Using Dietary Supplements in Sport. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:371-386. [DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The term “food first” has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition, although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration of the implications. We propose that food first should mean “where practically possible, nutrient provision should come from whole foods and drinks rather than from isolated food components or dietary supplements.” There are many reasons to commend a food first strategy, including the risk of supplement contamination resulting in anti-doping violations. However, a few supplements can enhance health and/or performance, and therefore a food only approach could be inappropriate. We propose six reasons why a food only approach may not always be optimal for athletes: (a) some nutrients are difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities in the diet, or may require excessive energy intake and/or consumption of other nutrients; (b) some nutrients are abundant only in foods athletes do not eat/like; (c) the nutrient content of some foods with established ergogenic benefits is highly variable; (d) concentrated doses of some nutrients are required to correct deficiencies and/or promote immune tolerance; (e) some foods may be difficult to consume immediately before, during or immediately after exercise; and (f) tested supplements could help where there are concerns about food hygiene or contamination. In these situations, it is acceptable for the athlete to consider sports supplements providing that a comprehensive risk minimization strategy is implemented. As a consequence, it is important to stress that the correct terminology should be “food first but not always food only.”
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Huq AKO, Bazlur Rahim ANM, Moktadir SMG, Uddin I, Manir MZ, Siddique MAB, Islam K, Islam MS. Integrated Nutritional Supports for Diabetic Patients During COVID-19 Infection: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e022821191889. [PMID: 33645486 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210301103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder, which affects the major organs in human and comorbid with others. Besides, diabetic patients are more prone to various infectious diseases as well as COVID-19 sporadic infection which is a high risk for patients with diabetes mellitus. To combat these infections and comorbid situations, an integrated balanced nutritional supportive could help in maintaining sound health and increase immunity for prevention and management of such type of viral infections. OBJECTIVES While information regarding nutritional supports in COVID-19 pandemic in diabetic patients is not available, this review aimed to accumulate the evidence from previous publications where studied about nutrition-based supports or interventions for viral diseases with special emphasis on respiratory infections. METHODS For reviewing, searches are done for getting journal articles into Google Scholar, Pub Med/Medline, Database of Open Access Journal and Science Direct for relevant data and information. RESULTS Integrated nutritional supports of both macronutrients and micronutrients guidelines, including home-based physical exercise schedule, is summarized in this comprehensive review for possible prevention and management of diabetic patients in COVID-19 infections. The immuneboosting benefits of some vitamins, trace elements, nutraceuticals and probiotics in viral infections of diabetic patients are also included. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for a healthy diet and integrated nutritional supports with home-based physical activities for diabetic patients during the self-isolation period of COVID-19 Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Obidul Huq
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Naim Mohammad Bazlur Rahim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - S M Golam Moktadir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Ielias Uddin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahidul Manir
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Siddique
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Khaleda Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sirajul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
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Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Puche-Juarez M, Ochoa JJ, Diaz-Castro J. Implications of Vitamins in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment through Immunomodulatory and Anti-Oxidative Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010005. [PMID: 35052509 PMCID: PMC8773198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its announcement as a global pandemic, the search for prophylactic and therapeutic options have become a priority for governments and the scientific community. The approval of several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is being crucial to overcome this situation, although the victory will not be achieved while the whole population worldwide is not protected against the virus. This is why alternatives should be studied in order to successfully support the immune system before and during a possible infection. An optimal inflammatory and oxidative stress status depends on an adequate diet. Poor levels of several nutrients could be related to an impaired immune response and, therefore, an increased susceptibility to infection and serious outcomes. Vitamins exert a number of anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which can be of use to fight against this and several other diseases (especially vitamin D and C). Even though they cannot be considered as a definitive therapeutic option, in part owing to the lack of solid conclusions from well-designed clinical trials, currently available evidence from similar respiratory diseases may indicate that it would be rational to deeply explore the use of vitamins during this global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-F.); (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.T.); (J.D.-C.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
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Mediterranean Diet a Potential Strategy against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2021; 57:medicina57121389. [PMID: 34946334 PMCID: PMC8704657 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean Diet represents the traditional eating habits of populations living around the Mediterranean Sea, and it is associated with a lower risk of overall mortality and cancer incidence and cardiovascular diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a new pandemic, and represents a significant and critical threat to global human health. In this study, we aimed to review the possible effects of Mediterranean Diet against the risk of the coronavirus disease 2019. Several vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and phytochemicals with their potential anti-COVID-19 activity are presented. Different risk factors may increase or reduce the probability of contracting the disease. Mediterranean Diet has also a positive action on inflammation and immune system and could have a protective effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Further studies are needed to corroborate the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet protective role on infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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