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Sun CP, Chiu CW, Wu PY, Tsung SI, Lee IJ, Hu CW, Hsu MF, Kuo TJ, Lan YH, Chen LY, Ng HY, Chung MJ, Liao HN, Tseng SC, Lo CH, Chen YJ, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Draczkowski P, Puri S, Chang YC, Huang JS, Chen CC, Kau JH, Chen YH, Liu WC, Wu HC, Danny Hsu ST, Wang IH, Tao MH. Development of AAV-delivered broadly neutralizing anti-human ACE2 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3322-3336. [PMID: 37689971 PMCID: PMC10638075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in the emergence of new variants that are resistant to existing vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, has raised the need for novel strategies to combat the persistent global COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, a monoclonal anti-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) antibody, ch2H2, was isolated and humanized to block the viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding to hACE2, the major entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2. This antibody targets the RBD-binding site on the N terminus of hACE2 and has a high binding affinity to outcompete the RBD. In vitro, ch2H2 antibody showed potent inhibitory activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the most antigenically drifted and immune-evading variant Omicron. In vivo, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery enabled a sustained expression of monoclonal antibody (mAb) ch2H2, generating a high concentration of antibodies in mice. A single administration of AAV-delivered mAb ch2H2 significantly reduced viral RNA load and infectious virions and mitigated pulmonary pathological changes in mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariant. Collectively, the results suggest that AAV-delivered hACE2-blocking antibody provides a promising approach for developing broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other hACE2-dependent pathogens that may emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Feng Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yee Ng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ni Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sarita Puri
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Siou Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Banitalebi E, Abdizadeh T, Khademi Dehkordi M, Saghaei E, Mardaniyan Ghahfarrokhi M. In silico study of potential immunonutrient-based sports supplements against COVID-19 via targeting ACE2 inhibition using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1041-1061. [PMID: 34931597 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of some sports supplements can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), a receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as reviewed through molecular docking and sequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations against this condition. The crystal structures of ACE2 receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, applied in docking analysis, were taken from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The receptors were then prepared using the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), as a drug-discovery software platform for docking. Supplements such as quercetin and beta glucan (β-glucan) were the top docked compounds to ACE2 receptor though they strongly interacted with CoV target protein. The study data showed that immune responses to immunonutrient-based sports compounds (viz. quercetin and β-glucan) in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were essential in mounting successful immune responses by athletes. While awaiting the development of an effective vaccine, there is a need to focus on immunonutrient-based sports supplements as preventive and therapeutic options that can be implemented in a safe and quick manner to bolster immune responses in athletes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tooba Abdizadeh
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Elham Saghaei
- Physiology and Pharmacology Department, School of medicine, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Medical plants research center, Basic health science, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Heinzelman P, Greenhalgh JC, Romero PA. Yeast surface display-based identification of ACE2 mutations that modulate SARS-CoV-2 spike binding across multiple mammalian species. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:gzab035. [PMID: 35174856 PMCID: PMC9005050 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with different mammalian angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) cell entry receptors elucidates determinants of virus transmission and facilitates development of vaccines for humans and animals. Yeast display-based directed evolution identified conserved ACE2 mutations that increase spike binding across multiple species. Gln42Leu increased ACE2-spike binding for human and four of four other mammalian ACE2s; Leu79Ile had an effect for human and three of three mammalian ACE2s. These residues are highly represented, 83% for Gln42 and 56% for Leu79, among mammalian ACE2s. The above findings can be important in protecting humans and animals from existing and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Heinzelman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan C Greenhalgh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, WI, USA
| | - Philip A Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, WI, USA
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4
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Cai T, Mao G, Zheng R, Fang M, Yang X, Wang L, Qi C. Testicular injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection may be neglected: An assessment from scRNA-seq profiling and protein detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme II. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1485. [PMID: 34765026 PMCID: PMC8576622 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is outbreaking globally. SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and causes multiple-organ injury. Autopsy studies indicated that the testis of patients with COVID-19 exhibited various degrees of spermatogenic cell reduction and injury, but the composition of ACE2-expressing cells and their proportion in the testes have remained to be determined. Recent clinical evidence suggested that the ratio of male sex hormones in males with COVID-19 was significantly changed. The present study aimed to explore whether SARS-CoV-2 is able to damage the male reproductive system. For this, the ACE2-expressing cell composition and proportion in male testes were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The single-cell RNA-seq data indicated that ACE2 mRNA was highly expressed in myoid cells, Leydig cells and spermatogenic cells, accounting for 5.45, 1.24 and 0.423% of adult testicular cells. ACE2 mRNA-expressing Sertoli cells, spermatogenic cells and myoid cells accounted for 5.00, 0.56 and 0.73% of infant testicular cells. IHC demonstrated that ACE2 protein was also highly expressed in testicular tissues. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated that testicular injury may be missed by clinicians in patients with COVID-19 and male reproductive function should be closely followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Guanquan Mao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mao Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Qi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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5
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Wang H, Song J, Pan L, Deng Y, Yao Y, Wang Z, Liao B, Ma J, Zeng M, Liu Z. Regional differences in ACE2 expression in the sinonasal mucosa of adult Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2021; 76:1565-1568. [PMID: 33037637 PMCID: PMC7675498 DOI: 10.1111/all.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi‐Ke Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Wang H, Song J, Yao Y, Deng Y, Wang Z, Liao B, Ma J, He C, Pan L, Liu Y, Xie J, Zeng M, Liu Z. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II expression and its implication in the association between COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2021; 76:906-910. [PMID: 32851645 PMCID: PMC7461276 DOI: 10.1111/all.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi‐Ke Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jun‐Gang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of Ministry of Health Wuhan China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of Ministry of Health Wuhan China
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7
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Song J, Zeng M, Wang H, Qin C, Hou H, Sun Z, Xu S, Wang G, Guo C, Deng Y, Wang Z, Ma J, Pan L, Liao B, Du Z, Feng Q, Liu Y, Xie J, Liu Z. Distinct effects of asthma and COPD comorbidity on disease expression and outcome in patients with COVID-19. Allergy 2021; 76:483-496. [PMID: 32716553 DOI: 10.1111/all.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of chronic airway diseases on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are far from understood. OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity on disease expression and outcomes, and the potential underlying mechanisms in COVID-19 patients. METHODS A total of 961 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a definite clinical outcome (death or discharge) were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic and clinical information were extracted from the medical records. Lung tissue sections from patients suffering from lung cancer were used for immunohistochemistry study of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression. BEAS-2B cell line was stimulated with various cytokines. RESULTS In this cohort, 21 subjects (2.2%) had COPD and 22 (2.3%) had asthma. After adjusting for confounding factors, COPD patients had higher risk of developing severe illness (OR: 23.433; 95% CI 1.525-360.135; P < .01) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 19.762; 95% CI 1.461-267.369; P = .025) than asthmatics. COPD patients, particularly those with severe COVID-19, had lower counts of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells and B cells and higher levels of TNF-α, IL-2 receptor, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 than asthmatics. COPD patients had increased, whereas asthmatics had decreased ACE2 protein expression in lower airways, compared with that in control subjects without asthma and COPD. IL-4 and IL-13 downregulated, but TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-17A upregulated ACE2 expression in BEAS-2B cells. CONCLUSION Patients with asthma and COPD likely have different risk of severe COVID-19, which may be associated with different ACE2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong‐Yan Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zi‐Yong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - San‐Peng Xu
- The Department of Pathology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Guo‐Ping Wang
- The Department of Pathology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Cui‐Lian Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi‐Ke Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Chao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhi‐Hui Du
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Qi‐Miao Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jun‐Gang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of Ministry of Health Wuhan China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases of Ministry of Health Wuhan China
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Sun SH, Chen Q, Gu HJ, Yang G, Wang YX, Huang XY, Liu SS, Zhang NN, Li XF, Xiong R, Guo Y, Deng YQ, Huang WJ, Liu Q, Liu QM, Shen YL, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhao TY, Fan CF, Zhou YS, Qin CF, Wang YC. A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:124-133.e4. [PMID: 32485164 PMCID: PMC7250783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged and rapidly spread throughout the world, resulting in a global public health emergency. The lack of vaccine and antivirals has brought an urgent need for an animal model. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we generated a mouse model expressing human ACE2 (hACE2) by using CRISPR/Cas9 knockin technology. In comparison with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, both young and aged hACE2 mice sustained high viral loads in lung, trachea, and brain upon intranasal infection. Although fatalities were not observed, interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokines were seen in SARS-CoV-2 infected-aged hACE2 mice. Interestingly, intragastric inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 was seen to cause productive infection and lead to pulmonary pathological changes in hACE2 mice. Overall, this animal model described here provides a useful tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. Human ACE2 knockin mice were generated by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology SARS-CoV-2 leads to robust replication in lung, trachea, and brain SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and elevated cytokine in aged hACE2 mice High dose of SARS-CoV-2 can establish infection via intragastric route in hACE2 mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hong-Jing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Science(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Science(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xing-Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Su-Su Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Na-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei-Jin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Quan-Ming Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yue-Lei Shen
- Beijing Biocytogen Co., Ltd., Beijing 101111, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Chongqing Weisiteng Biotech Transnational Research Institute, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Science(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tong-Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chang-Fa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China..
| | - Yu-Sen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China.
| | - You-Chun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing 102629, China.
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9
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Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Tacey A, Apostolopoulos V, Levinger I, Rimarova K, Egom EE, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P, Zulli A. The potential actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) in various diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:751-758. [PMID: 31901211 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates fluid balance, blood pressure and maintains vascular tone. The potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) produced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) comprises the classical RAS. The non-classical RAS involves the conversion of Ang II via ACE2 into the vasodilator Ang (1-7) to counterbalance the effects of Ang II. Furthermore, ACE2 converts AngA into another vasodilator named alamandine. The over activation of the classical RAS (increased vasoconstriction) and depletion of the non-classical RAS (decreased vasodilation) results in vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction is the leading cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, local RAS is expressed in various tissues and regulates cellular functions. RAS dysregulation is involved in other several diseases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction and even cancer growth. An approach in restoring vascular dysfunction and other pathological diseases is to either increase the activity of ACE2 or reduce the effect of the classical RAS by counterbalancing Ang II effects. The antitrypanosomal agent, diminazene aceturate (DIZE), is one approach in activating ACE2. DIZE has been shown to exert beneficial effects in CVD experimental models of hypertension, myocardial infarction, type 1 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Thus, this review focuses on DIZE and its effect in several tissues such as blood vessels, cardiac, renal, immune and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | | | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Kvetoslava Rimarova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Borthers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Lin CI, Tsai CH, Sun YL, Hsieh WY, Lin YC, Chen CY, Lin CS. Instillation of particulate matter 2.5 induced acute lung injury and attenuated the injury recovery in ACE2 knockout mice. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:253-265. [PMID: 29559844 PMCID: PMC5859472 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can cause lung injury by inducing serious inflammation in lung tissue. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases and regulates inflammatory response. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), which is produced through the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II) axis, protects against lung disease. However, few studies have focused on the relationships between PM2.5 and ACE2. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of ACE2 in PM2.5-induced acute lung injury (ALI). An animal model of PM2.5-induced ALI was established with wild type (C57BL/6, WT) and ACE2 gene knockout (ACE2 KO) mice. The mice were exposed to PM2.5 through intratracheal instillation once a day for 3 days (6.25 mg/kg/day) and then sacrificed at 2 days and 5 days after PM2.5 instillation. The results show that resting respiratory rate (RRR), levels of inflammatory cytokines, ACE and MMPs in the lungs of WT and ACE2 KO mice were significantly increased at 2 days postinstillation. At 5 days postinstillation, the PM2.5-induced ALI significantly recovered in the WT mice, but only partially recovered in the ACE2 KO mice. The results hint that PM2.5 could induce severe ALI through pulmonary inflammation, and the repair after acute PM2.5 postinstillation could be attenuated in the absence of ACE2. Additionally, our results show that PM2.5-induced ALI is associated with signaling p-ERK1/2 and p-STAT3 pathways and ACE2 knockdown could increase pulmonary p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 levels in the PM2.5-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hung Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Sun
- Aquatic Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yeh Hsieh
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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