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Cho SY, Kim Z, Chung DR, Cho BH, Chung MJ, Kim JH, Jeong J. Development of machine learning models for the surveillance of colon surgical site infections. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:224-231. [PMID: 37094715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance is labour-intensive. We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models for the surveillance of SSIs for colon surgery and to assess whether the ML could improve surveillance process efficiency. METHODS This study included cases who underwent colon surgery at a tertiary center between 2013 and 2014. Logistic regression and four ML algorithms including random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), and neural networks (NNs) with or without recursive feature elimination (RFE) were first trained on the entire cohort, and then re-trained on cases selected based on a previous rule-based algorithm. We assessed model performance based on the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value (PPV). The estimated proportion of reduction in workload for chart review based on the ML models was evaluated and compared with the conventional method. RESULTS At a sensitivity of 95%, the NN with RFE using 29 variables had the best performance with an AUC of 0.963 and PPV of 21.1%. When combining both the rule-based algorithm and ML algorithms, the NN with RFE using 19 variables had a higher PPV (28.9%) than with the ML algorithm alone, which could decrease the number of cases requiring chart review by 83.9% compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ML can improve the efficiency of SSI surveillance for colon surgery by decreasing the burden of chart review while providing high sensitivity. In particular, the hybrid approach of ML with a rule-based algorithm showed the best performance in terms of PPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Cho
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Kim
- Medical AI Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D R Chung
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - B H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chung
- Medical AI Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Data Convergence and Future Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Center for Infection Prevention and Control, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sun CP, Chiu CW, Wu PY, Tsung SI, Lee IJ, Hu CW, Hsu MF, Kuo TJ, Lan YH, Chen LY, Ng HY, Chung MJ, Liao HN, Tseng SC, Lo CH, Chen YJ, Liao CC, Chang CS, Liang JJ, Draczkowski P, Puri S, Chang YC, Huang JS, Chen CC, Kau JH, Chen YH, Liu WC, Wu HC, Danny Hsu ST, Wang IH, Tao MH. Development of AAV-delivered broadly neutralizing anti-human ACE2 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3322-3336. [PMID: 37689971 PMCID: PMC10638075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulting in the emergence of new variants that are resistant to existing vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, has raised the need for novel strategies to combat the persistent global COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, a monoclonal anti-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) antibody, ch2H2, was isolated and humanized to block the viral receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding to hACE2, the major entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2. This antibody targets the RBD-binding site on the N terminus of hACE2 and has a high binding affinity to outcompete the RBD. In vitro, ch2H2 antibody showed potent inhibitory activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the most antigenically drifted and immune-evading variant Omicron. In vivo, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery enabled a sustained expression of monoclonal antibody (mAb) ch2H2, generating a high concentration of antibodies in mice. A single administration of AAV-delivered mAb ch2H2 significantly reduced viral RNA load and infectious virions and mitigated pulmonary pathological changes in mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 subvariant. Collectively, the results suggest that AAV-delivered hACE2-blocking antibody provides a promising approach for developing broad-spectrum antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other hACE2-dependent pathogens that may emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-I Tsung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Feng Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jiun Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yee Ng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ni Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Che Tseng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sarita Puri
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Siou Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - I-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Su SC, Yang TJ, Yu PY, Liang KH, Chen WY, Yang CW, Lin HT, Wang MJ, Lu RM, Tso HC, Chung MJ, Hsieh TY, Chang YL, Lin SC, Hsu FY, Ke FY, Wu YH, Hwang YC, Liu IJ, Liang JJ, Liao CC, Ko HY, Sun CP, Wu PY, Jan JT, Chang YC, Lin YL, Tao MH, Hsu STD, Wu HC. Structure-guided antibody cocktail for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009704. [PMID: 34673836 PMCID: PMC8530329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective therapeutics for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic is a pressing global need. Neutralizing antibodies are known to be effective antivirals, as they can be rapidly deployed to prevent disease progression and can accelerate patient recovery without the need for fully developed host immunity. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a series of chimeric antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. Some of these antibodies exhibit exceptionally potent neutralization activities in vitro and in vivo, and the most potent of our antibodies target three distinct non-overlapping epitopes within the RBD. Cryo-electron microscopy analyses of two highly potent antibodies in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein suggested they may be particularly useful when combined in a cocktail therapy. The efficacy of this antibody cocktail was confirmed in SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse and hamster models as prophylactic and post-infection treatments. With the emergence of more contagious variants of SARS-CoV-2, cocktail antibody therapies hold great promise to control disease and prevent drug resistance. Effective approaches to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are a pressing global need. One promising strategy is to combine neutralizing antibodies that can reduce viral load to prevent disease progression and accelerate patient recovery. However, the current supply of therapeutic antibodies for COVID-19 is insufficient to fill the enormous demand, and escape mutants may compromise the utility of existing drugs. Thus, there is an urgent worldwide need to develop highly potent neutralizing antibody cocktails. We generated a series of chimeric antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which potently neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudovirus-based inhibition assay. These antibodies can be classified into three distinct groups based on their targets within the receptor-binding motif. Cryo-electron microscopy structural analyses of two representative receptor-binding domain-chimeric antibodies in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein further revealed two sets of non-overlapping epitopes, suggesting the potential for their combination in a therapeutic antibody cocktail. The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of these antibodies and their combination were demonstrated in SARS-CoV-2-infected mouse and hamster models. Thus, our potent neutralizing antibody cocktail has strong potential for development as an effective therapeutic drug to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Yu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Yang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Min Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Cheng Tso
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Yang Hsieh
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Ke
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jong Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yi Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Chang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biologic Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (Y-LL); (M-HT); (S-TDH); (H-CW)
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Wang YP, Liu IJ, Chung MJ, Wu HC. Novel anti-EGFR scFv human antibody-conjugated immunoliposomes enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Oral Oncol 2020; 106:104689. [PMID: 32330686 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Because the anatomical complexity of this region, complete surgical resection is often not achievable and conventional chemotherapy would aid locoregional control and mitigate distant metastasis. Nonetheless, the nonspecific cytotoxicity and short in vivo half-life of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs limit their effects. Given the high frequency of overexpression of wild type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we exploit EGFR as a homing beacon for drug delivery system with cytotoxic payloads. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated fully human anti-EGFR single chain variable fragment (scFv)-conjugated immunoliposomes (IL) containing doxorubicin and vinorelbine and tested their anti-neoplastic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. RESULT Our IL enhanced endocytosis and significantly reduced the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of the therapeutic payloads when compared to non-targeting liposomal counterparts in various cell lines of SCCHN. Furthermore, median survival time was significantly prolonged in subcutaneous and orthotopic SCCHN xenograft murine models treated with our IL formulations than those treated with non-targeting counterparts (94 days versus 60 days and 72 days versus 56 days, respectively) without evident increased systemic toxicity. CONCLUSION The therapeutic index of the chemotherapeutic payloads was augmented by our EFGR-targeting IL formulation and they are warranted for further development and preclinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Chung
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kim MS, Byun JS, Yoon YS, Yum DY, Chung MJ, Lee JC. A probiotic combination attenuates experimental colitis through inhibition of innate cytokine production. Benef Microbes 2016; 8:231-241. [PMID: 28008786 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a severe immune cell-mediated syndrome characterised by extensive inflammatory and effector mucosal responses leading to tissue destruction in the colon and small intestine. The leading hypothesis is that dysbiosis of the gut flora causes an excessive immune response and inflammation in the gastrointestinal track. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can correct dysbiosis of the normal microbiota. In the current study, the therapeutic potential of seven LAB strains in combination to treat IBD was evaluated using experimental colitis model. This LAB cocktail, designated GI7, includes four strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactococcus lactis, two strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, and one strain of Streptococcus thermophilus. We confirmed that GI7 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in Raw264.7 macrophages. When dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitic mice were treated with GI7, their symptoms of colitis, as assessed by body weight, colon length, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal bleeding, and histological damage, were reduced compared to untreated mice. In addition, GI7 treatment significantly inhibited the production of innate pro-inflammatory cytokines during colitic progression. Therefore, we suggest that GI7, a combination of seven LAB, has a potential role in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Byun
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Yoon
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Yum
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chung
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Lee
- 1 R&D Center, Cell Biotech Co. Ltd., 134 Gaegok-Ri, Wolgot-Myeon Gimpo-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 10003, Republic of Korea
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Seo JB, Im JG, Goo JM, Chung MJ, Moon WK, Lee KH, Kim IO. Comparison of contrast-enhanced CT angiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary embolism: An experimental study in a pig model. Acta Radiol 2016; 44:403-10. [PMID: 12846691 DOI: 10.1080/j.1600-0455.2003.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) for the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli in a pig model. Material and Methods: In 5 anesthetized pigs, 3-mm diameter embolic materials made of Konjac, a semisolid food, were introduced through the internal jugular vein into pulmonary arteries. After embolization, CTA and MRA images were obtained. Respiration was suspended during CTA and MRA image acquisition. Two readers reviewed the CTA and MRA images to detect emboli. The pigs were sacrificed, and sliced specimens of inflated lung served as the gold standard. Results: Thirty-six emboli were detected within peripheral arteries. The sensitivity (and 95% confidence intervals) of CTA for the two readers were 57% (39–74%) and 66% (48–81%), and 88% (69–98%) and 92% (74–94%) for MRA. The specificity of CTA was 95% (91–97%) and 98% (96–99%), and that of MRA was 85% (74–93%) and 90% (80–96%). Interobserver agreement was higher for MRA (kappa 0.898) than CTA (kappa 0.574). Conclusion: For the detection of subsegmental pulmonary emboli, MRA was superior to CTA, with a higher sensitivity and interobserver agreement by demonstrating perfusion deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Seo
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee MR, Lee GH, Lee HY, Kim DS, Chung MJ, Lee YC, Kim HR, Chae HJ. BAX inhibitor-1-associated V-ATPase glycosylation enhances collagen degradation in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1113. [PMID: 24625972 PMCID: PMC3973240 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered one of the pathological mechanisms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, we examined whether an ER stress regulator, Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1), regulates collagen accumulation, which is both a marker of fibrosis and a pathological mechanism of fibrosis. The presence of BI-1 inhibited the transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial pulmonary cells and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model by enhancing collagen degradation, most likely by enhanced activation of the lysosomal V-ATPase through glycosylation. We also found a correlation between post-translational glycosylation of the V-ATPase and its associated chaperone, calnexin, in BI-1-overexpressing cells. BI-1-induced degradation of collagen through lysosomal V-ATPase glycosylation and the involvement of calnexin were confirmed in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model. These results highlight the regulatory role of BI-1 in IPF and reveal for the first time the role of lysosomal V-ATPase glycosylation in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-R Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - G-H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - H-Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - D-S Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Chung
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Y C Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - H-R Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Jung HN, Chung MJ, Koo JH, Kim HC, Lee KS. Digital tomosynthesis of the chest: Utility for detection of lung metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Radiol 2012; 67:232-8. [PMID: 21939964 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H N Jung
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chung JW, Park S, Chung MJ, Park JY, Park SW, Chung JB, Song SY. A novel disposable, transnasal esophagoscope: a pilot trial of feasibility, safety, and tolerance. Endoscopy 2012; 44:206-9. [PMID: 22271030 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel disposable transnasal esophagoscope, the E.G. Scan (IntroMedic Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), was developed for the evaluation of esophageal diseases while eliminating the inconvenience associated with sterilization, portability, patient monitoring, complications, and the economic burden of sedation. The feasibility, safety, and tolerability of the first version of the E.G. Scan was evaluated in this pilot study. Nasal esophagoscopy was performed successfully in 46 patients with known or suspected esophageal diseases. At least 50% of the Z-line was visualized by the E.G. Scan in 38 (82.6%) of 46 patients. Abnormalities were identified in 27 patients: erosive esophagitis (n=18), Barrett's esophagus (n=1), esophageal varices (n=7), and esophageal candidiasis (n=1). Nasal pain was absent or mild in most patients, and adverse events were not observed. Further technical improvement of the E.G. Scan would increase the diagnostic usefulness in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Abstract
Myofibroblasts play an essential role in the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix in pulmonary fibrosis. The presence or prolonged survival of these cells may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Found in inflammatory zone (FIZZ)1 can induce myofibroblast differentiation and has an antiapoptotic effect on embryonic lung explant cultures. In this study, we investigated whether FIZZ1 also has an antiapoptotic effect on mouse lung fibroblasts (MLFs). Cells were treated with FIZZ1 for 24 h and then apoptosis was induced by TNFalpha in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX). FIZZ1 exhibited an antiapoptotic effect in MLFs, as assessed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining. Moreover, the cell number was higher in the FIZZ1-treated group relative to the non-treated control group after treatment with TNFalpha and CHX. FIZZ1 treatment also inhibited the apoptotic agent-induced activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Examination of potential signalling pathways revealed that FIZZ1 induced rapid phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, while PD98059, a MEK/ERK inhibitor, markedly induced activation of caspase-3. This anti-apoptotic effect of FIZZ1 was associated with induction of myofibroblast differentiation in response to FIZZ1 stimulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that FIZZ1 is involved in pulmonary fibrosis through both induction of myofibroblast differentiation and increased or prolonged survival of myofibroblasts. This effect of FIZZ1 was mediated by inhibition of caspase-3 and -8, with involvement of the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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11
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Koh WJ, Yu CM, Suh GY, Chung MP, Kim H, Kwon OJ, Lee NY, Chung MJ, Lee KS. Pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease: comparison of characteristics in patients with AFB smear-positive sputum. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:1001-7. [PMID: 16964791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease in patients with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive sputum specimens. DESIGN The initial clinical and radiographic features of 229 PTB patients were compared with those of 70 patients with NTM lung disease. The most commonly involved organisms in the NTM lung disease cases were Mycobacterium avium complex (n = 38, 54%) and M. abscessus (n = 26, 37%). RESULTS Clinical and radiographic findings that were more common in patients with NTM lung disease than in PTB patients were: older age (P < 0.001), non-smoker (P < 0.001), history of previous TB treatment (P < 0.001), absence of pleural effusion (P = 0.017), involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones (P = 0.007), and bilateral disease (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (> or = 40 years), non-smoker, previous TB treatment, absence of pleural effusion and involvement of middle and/or lower lung zones were significant independent predictors for NTM lung disease. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable overlap in the clinical and radiographic appearances of PTB and NTM lung disease. The isolation and identification of causative organisms are mandatory for a correct diagnosis in patients with AFB-positive sputum specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Abstract
Paraganglioma and adrenal pheochromocytoma are tumors of common origin arising from chromaffin cells. However, it is extremely rare to find mediastinal paraganglioma simultaneously with bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma. We report a 53-year-old man who was diagnosed with posterior mediastinal paraganglioma and bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma and who underwent successful excision of the posterior mediastinal mass and bilateral total adrenalectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, 634-18, Jeonju 561-712, South Korea
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13
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Seo JB, Im JG, Goo JM, Chung MJ, Moon WK, Lee KH, Kim IO. Comparison of contrast-enhanced ct angiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary embolism. An experimental study in a pig model. Acta Radiol 2003. [PMID: 12846691 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0455.2003.00090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare contrast-enhanced CT angiography (CTA) and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) for the detection of subsegmental-sized pulmonary emboli in a pig model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 5 anesthetized pigs, 3-mm diameter embolic materials made of Konjac, a semisolid food, were introduced through the internal jugular vein into pulmonary arteries. After embolization, CTA and MRA images were obtained. Respiration was suspended during CTA and MRA image acquisition. Two readers reviewed the CTA and MRA images to detect emboli. The pigs were sacrificed, and sliced specimens of inflated lung served as the gold standard. RESULTS Thirty-six emboli were detected within peripheral arteries. The sensitivity (and 95% confidence intervals) of CTA for the two readers were 57% (39-74%) and 66% (48-81%), and 88% (69-98%) and 92% (74-94%) for MRA. The specificity of CTA was 95% (91-97%) and 98% (96-99%), and that of MRA was 85% (74-93%) and 90% (80-96%). Interobserver agreement was higher for MRA (kappa 0.898) than CTA (kappa 0.574). CONCLUSION For the detection of subsegmental pulmonary emboli, MRA was superior to CTA, with a higher sensitivity and interobserver agreement by demonstrating perfusion deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Seo
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Yu HC, Cho BH, Chung MJ, Kang MJ, La BJ, Kim W, Kang SK, Park SK. A case of giant condylomata acuminata involving anus after renal transplantation. Clin Nephrol 2003; 59:235-6. [PMID: 12653272 DOI: 10.5414/cnp59235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Choi SY, Chung MJ, Sung NJ. Volatile N-nitrosamine inhibition after intake Korean green tea and Maesil (Prunus mume SIEB. et ZACC.) extracts with an amine-rich diet in subjects ingesting nitrate. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:949-57. [PMID: 12065217 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines under simulated gastric conditions was studied during the incubation of amine rich food and nitrate, and its possible inhibition by adding kumquat, sweet orange, strawberry, garlic, kale juices, Maesil (Prunus mume) and green tea extracts. The strawberry, kale juices, Maesil and green tea extracts were equally effective in reducing the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The fruits of P. mume SIEB. et ZACC. (Korean name, Maesil) have been used as a traditional drug and health food in Korea. During four weeks of test (designated EW1, EW2, EW3 and EW4; experiment week 1, 2, 3 and 4 diets) volunteers consumed a diet of low nitrate and amine (EW1) and consumed a fish meal rich in amines as nitrosatable precursors in combination with intake of nitrate-containing drinking water without (EW2) or with Maesil and green tea extracts (EW3 and EW4, respectively). The intake of nitrate-containing drinking water (340 mg nitrate/100 ml) resulted in a significant rise in mean salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations and in mean urinary nitrate levels. Mean urinary nitrate was increased to 455.0+/-66.2, 334.6+/-67.8 and 333.4+/-50.7 mg/18 h after the nitrate intake of EW2, EW3 and EW4, respectively. Significant increases in urinary dimethylamine and trimethylamine levels were observed in consumption of diets (EW2, EW3, and EW4) rich in amine and nitrate. Maesil and green tea extract in EW3 and EW4 enhanced the increase of urinary dimethylamine and trimethylamine levels. Urinary excretion of N-nitrosodimethylamine in consumption of diet rich in nitrate and amine (EW2) increased to 6504.4+/-2638.7 ng/18 h from 257.0+/-112.0 ng/18 h of low nitrate and amine diet (EW1). Korean green tea and Maesil extracts in nitrate and amine rich diet reduced the excretion of N-nitrosodimethylamine to 249.7+/-90.6 and 752.7+/-595.3 ng/18 h, respectively, compared with 6504.4+/-2638.7 ng /18 h after ingestion of TD1 diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
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16
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Jang KY, Kang MJ, Lee DG, Chung MJ. Utility of thyroid transcription factor-1 and cytokeratin 7 and 20 immunostaining in the identification of origin in malignant effusions. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 2001; 23:400-4. [PMID: 11777274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the utility of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and the combined cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and 20 (CK20) immunoprofile as a marker for identifying the primary site of metastatic adenocarcinoma in effusions of the serous cavity. STUDY DESIGN Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell block specimens of pleural and peritonealfluid diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinomas with known sites of origin were used for TTF-1, CK7 and CK20 immunohistochemistry. The primary sites of these cases were lung (16 cases), ovary (15), stomach (9), colon (8) and breast (8) and were confirmed by radiologic and/or histologic evaluation. RESULTS The lung adenocarcinomas showed TTF-1 positivity in 81% (13/16) of cases. All nonpulmonary adenocarcinomas lacked TTF-1 staining. The CK7-/CK20+ immunophenotype was seen in 63% of colonic adenocarcinomas and not seen in lung, ovary, stomach or breast adenocarcinomas. The CK7+/CK20- immunophenotype was seen in 100%, 88% and 87% of cases that originated in the lung, breast and ovary, respectively. CONCLUSION TTF-7 immunostaining is useful in the differentiation between pulmonary and nonpulmonary origin of adenocarcinomas in malignant effusions. The combination of CK7-/CK20+ immunostaining is useful in identifying colon adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is defined as any malignant tumor arising from or differentiating toward the cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. MPNST accounts for about 5-10% of all soft tissue tumors and is often associated with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1, von Recklinghausen's disease). It is one of the malignant tumors associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. Its common site is the lower and upper extremities, trunk, head and neck. But intrathoracic manifestations are very rare. We report a case of a 40 year-old man with multiple neurofibromatosis who was presented with an intrathoracic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University, School of Medicine, 634-18 Keumam-dong, Duckjin-ku, Chonju 561-712, Chonbuk, South Korea
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18
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Kim W, Moon CY, Lee HB, Kang SK, Chung MJ, Rhu HC, Cho BW, Park SK. A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia with renal dysfunction after renal transplantation. Clin Nephrol 2001; 55:412-5. [PMID: 11393389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old male renal transplant patient was admitted with 3-week history of cough and myalgia after a 3-month post-transplantation. The patient's posttransplant course was uncomplicated and had no rejection. But on admission, the serum creatinine was 3.0 mg/dl and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bilateral patchy densities and peripheral consolidations. Renal biopsy revealed mononuclear cell infiltration and non-specific tubular injury without evidence of rejection. An open lung biopsy was performed which showed multiple fibroblast plugs filling airspaces that were typical pathologic features of bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP). After prednisone therapy, the patient's pulmonary symptoms and radiographic findings rapidly recovered and serum creatinine also decreased from 3.0 to 2.1 mg/dl. Although the cause of renal dysfunction was not elucidated, we herein report a rare case of BOOP with renal dysfunction after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, Korea
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19
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Abstract
Typical radiologic findings of a pulmonary metastasis include multiple round variable-sized nodules and diffuse thickening of interstitium. In daily practice, however, atypical radiologic features of metastases are often encountered that make distinction of metastases from other nonmalignant pulmonary diseases difficult. A detailed knowledge of the atypical radiologic features of a pulmonary metastasis with a good understanding of the histopathologic background is essential for correct diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma is regarded as the most common cell type of a cavitating metastasis, but metastatic nodules from adenocarcinomas and sarcomas also cavitate occasionally. Calcification can occur in a metastatic sarcoma or adenocarcinoma, which makes differentiation from a benign granuloma or hamartoma difficult. Peritumoral hemorrhage results in areas of nodular attenuation surrounded by a halo of ground-glass opacity. Pneumothorax commonly occurs in metastases from an osteosarcoma. Air-space consolidation is often seen in cases of metastases from gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Even though tumor emboli in pulmonary arteries can be seen at computed tomography, diagnosis is difficult because they are located in small or medium arteries. A common radiologic appearance of an endobronchial metastasis is an atelectasis. In cases of an endobronchial or a solitary pulmonary metastasis, differentiation between bronchogenic carcinoma and metastasis is difficult. Dilated vascular structures within the mass can be seen in metastatic sarcomas. A sterilized metastasis after chemotherapy is radiologically indistinguishable from a residual viable tumor. Benign tumors such as uterine leiomyomas and giant cell tumors of the bone rarely metastasize to the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Seo
- Department of Radiology, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center, Inchon, South Korea
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20
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Chae JK, Kim I, Lim ST, Chung MJ, Kim WH, Kim HG, Ko JK, Koh GY. Coadministration of angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor enhances collateral vascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:2573-8. [PMID: 11116055 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.12.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using growth factors to induce vasculogenesis is a promising approach in the treatment of ischemic legs and myocardium. Because the vasculogenesis requires a cascade of growth factors, their receptors, and intracellular signals, such therapies may require the application of more than a single growth factor. We examined the effect of 2 endothelial cell-specific growth factors, angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), on primary cultured porcine coronary artery endothelial cells. VEGF, but not Ang1, increased DNA synthesis and cell number. Ang1 or VEGF induced migration and sprouting activity, increased plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion, and decreased tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase type 2 secretion. A combination of the submaximal doses of Ang1 and VEGF enhanced these effects and was more potent than the maximal dose of either alone. In a rabbit ischemic hindlimb model, a combination of Ang1 and VEGF gene delivery produced an enhanced effect on resting and maximal blood flow and capillary formation that was greater than that of either factor alone. Angiographic analyses revealed that larger blood vessels were formed after gene delivery of Ang1 or Ang1 plus VEGF than after VEGF gene delivery. These results suggest that combined treatment of Ang1 and VEGF could be used to produce therapeutic vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Chae
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Cardiac Regeneration and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk University Medical School, Chonju, Korea
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21
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Abstract
Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed on cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with pale bodies (PB). HCC containing PBs was observed in 3 (5.5%) of 55 consecutively resected HCC cases. Histologically, a large number of hepatocytes displayed pale or eosinophilic staining of the cytoplasm, resulting in ground-glass appearance. They were aggregated in nodular pattern, or diffusely intermixed with other malignant hepatocytes. PBs were negative for periodic-acid Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. The inclusions showed a strong positive reaction for fibrinogen and some of them were weakly positive for albumin but negative for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Ultrastructurally, PBs were membrane-bound and contained granular materials of moderate electron density, and were closely related to dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. These findings support that PBs are secretory fibrinogen accumulated in cystic ER and that such intracellular accumulation possibly reflects a defective transport of fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Moon
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Institute for Medical Science, Chonju, Korea.
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical utility of the different imaging techniques used for the evaluation of tracheobronchial diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one patients with tracheobronchial diseases [tuberculosis (n = 18), bronchogenic carcinoma (n = 10), congenital abnormality (n = 3), post-operative stenosis (n = 2), and others (n = 8)] underwent chest radiography and spiral CT. Two sets of scan data were obtained: one from routine thick-section axial images and the other from thin-section axial images. Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and shaded surface display (SSD) images were obtained from thin-section data. Applying a 5-point scale, two observers compared chest radiography, routine CT, thin-section spiral CT, MPR and SSD imaging with regard to the detection, localization, extent, and characterization of a lesion, information on its relationship with adjacent structures, and overall information. RESULTS SSD images were the most informative with regard to the detection (3.95+/-0.31), localization (3.95+/-0.22) and extent of a lesion (3.85+/-0.42), and overall information (3.83+/-0.44), while thin-section spiral CT scans provided most information regarding its relationship with adjacent structures (3.56+/-0.50) and characterization of the lesion (3.51+/-0.61). CONCLUSION SSD images and thin-section spiral CT scans can provide valuable information for the evaluation of tracheobronchial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and the Institute of Radiation Medicine, SNUMRC, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effects of propofol on ischemia-reperfusion injury using an isolated Langendorff rat heart preparation. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (control); intralipid; or 10, 30, and 100 microM propofol. Hearts were rendered globally ischemic for 25 min, then reperfusion was begun with K-H solution for 30 min. Treatment with 100 microM propofol delayed the onset of contracture during ischemia compared with control or intralipid treatments (6.4 +/- 2.1 vs 4.4 +/- 1.4 or 4.1 +/- 0.7 min, respectively; P < 0.05). During reperfusion, 100 microM propofol increased coronary flow and reduced lactate dehydrogenase release compared with control or intralipid treatments. After 30 min of reperfusion, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) returned to 55 and 76 mm Hg in the 30 and 100 microM propofol-treated groups, respectively, whereas LVDP was 39 mm Hg in the control group. The hearts treated with 100 microM propofol showed significantly lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with the control or intralipid groups 30 min after reperfusion (29 +/- 13 vs 48 +/- 5 or 48 +/- 11 mm Hg, respectively; P < 0.05). In histological evaluation, control and intralipid hearts had increased injury severity scores compared with hearts treated with 100 microM propofol (1.8 +/- 0.9 and 1.7 +/- 0.8 vs 1.0 +/- 0.7, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that propofol administered before and during global myocardial ischemia has cardioprotective effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. IMPLICATIONS It is important to protect the heart from injury by ischemia and reperfusion. The current study demonstrates that in the isolated rat heart, propofol attenuates mechanical, biochemical, and histological changes causes by ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
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Han BK, Im JG, Jung JW, Chung MJ, Yeon KM. Pericaval fat collection that mimics thrombosis of the inferior vena cava: demonstration with use of multi-directional reformation CT. Radiology 1997; 203:105-8. [PMID: 9122375 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.203.1.9122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the causes for localized fat collection that seemed to be within the subdiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC) on axial computed tomographic (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six consecutive patients with presumed intracaval fat collection at routine abdominal CT (n = 2) or thin-section CT of the lung (n = 4) were studied prospectively with helical CT. Three patients had chronic liver diseases. Multi-directional, two-dimensional, reformatted images were obtained from the helical CT data for identification of the relation between the IVC and fat collection. Six patients without intracaval fat collection were studied as control subjects. RESULTS On axial CT scans, the fat collection had a round or oval shape (in four of six patients) and was located posteromedial to the IVC (in four of six patients). On coronal reformatted images, the fat collection was outside the IVC between the diaphragm and subdiaphragmatic IVC, which was contiguous to the fat around the subdiaphragmatic esophagus. In the fat collection group, the IVC angled toward the right and narrowed to half in diameter as it passed down to the diaphragm. In the control group, the IVC was straight, although the diameter decreased similarly. CONCLUSION A localized fat collection adjacent to the subdiaphragmatic IVC that mimics intracaval fat on axial CT scans is due to acute angulation of the IVC, which is probably a result of anatomic variation, chronic liver disease, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Han
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Chongro-Ku, Korea
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Choi BI, Chung MJ, Han JK, Han MC, Yoon YB. Detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: relative value of arterial and late phases of spiral CT. Abdom Imaging 1997; 22:199-203. [PMID: 9013535 DOI: 10.1007/s002619900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spiral computed tomography (CT) allows the pancreas to be imaged during peak contrast levels owing to the capability of fast data acquisition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative value of the arterial and late phases of spiral CT for detecting pancreatic adenocarcinomas. METHODS Twenty-two patients with pathologically proved pancreatic adenocarcinomas underwent two-phase spiral CT. The CT scans were performed with 5 mm collimation and 5 mm/s table speed. Images during the arterial and late phases were obtained at 30- and 180-second delays, respectively. The images of the arterial phase were compared with those of the late phase in terms of tumor conspicuity from surrounding pancreatic parenchyma and tumor detectability by means of a 3-point grading system: 1 (poor), 2 (fair), and 3 (good). RESULTS In terms of tumor conspicuity from surrounding pancreatic parenchyma, 16 lesions (73%) were good, 5 lesions (23%) were fair, and 1 lesion (4%) was poor during the arterial phase, whereas 6 lesions (27%) were good, 9 lesions (41%) were fair, and 7 lesions (32%) were poor during the late phase (p = 0.0007). The arterial phase was superior to the late phase in 16 patients (73%) and equal in 6 patients (27%). For tumor detectability, 18 lesions (82%) were good, 3 lesions (14%) were fair, and 1 lesion (4%) was poor during the arterial phase, whereas 10 lesions (45%) were good, 7 lesions (32%) were fair, and 5 lesions (23%) were poor during the late phase (p = 0.0033). For detectability, the arterial phase was superior to the late phase in 14 patients (64%) and equal in 8 patients (36%). CONCLUSION The arterial phase of spiral CT is superior to the late phase, which is equivalent to conventional CT for detecting pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic spiral CT, including multidimensional reformation, in the detection and localization of islet cell tumors of the pancreas. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven patients with histopathologically proven functioning islet cell tumors of the pancreas were studied with 2-phase contrast-enhanced spiral CT. Scanning of the arterial phase and late phase was started 30 s and 180 s, respectively, after injection of 100 ml of contrast medium at a rate of 3 ml/s. RESULTS Axial images in the arterial phase depicted the lesions in 5 patients, but in the late phase in only one patient. Multiplanar reformatted images of the arterial phase depicted the lesions in all 7 patients. Maximal intensity projection images demonstrated all lesions with information of their relationship to the vascular structure. CONCLUSION Dynamic spiral CT with scanning during the arterial phase and retrospective multidimensional reformation is useful for preoperative detection and localization of small islet cell tumors of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the frequency of visualization of pancreatic arteries in the arterial phase of helical computed tomography (CT). METHODS The visibility of pancreatic and peripancreatic arteries in helical CT images was evaluated in 20 consecutive patients who had no evidence of pancreatic disease. CT examinations were performed by using a continuously rotating CT scanner and intravenous injection of contrast media. The scans were taken 35 s after the start of injection and with a table speed of 3 mm/s. Images were reconstructed in 3-mm section increments. RESULTS Frequently visualized arteries were the gastroduodenal, anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal, and right gastroepiploic arteries. Infrequently visualized arteries were the dorsal pancreatic, pancreatica magna, caudal pancreatic, transverse pancreatic, and common, anterior, and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. CONCLUSION Helical CT enabled us to recognize small pancreatic arteries, and the evaluation of these arteries should be considered in the staging of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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28
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Abstract
PURPOSE Our goal was to analyze patients with pulmonary lobular low attenuation (LLA) on thin section CT with regard to the underlying pulmonary diseases and the dynamic changes occurring in the low attenuation regions during respiration. METHOD Forty-eight consecutive patients with LLA on thin section CT were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-six patients (95%) had symptoms related to respiratory disease, such as productive cough (n = 25) and hemoptysis (n = 18). Only two patients, one with chronic pulmonary embolism and one with Takayasu arteritis combined with bronchiectasis, had pulmonary vascular disease. Six patients, four with bronchiectasis and two with vascular disease, were studied with dynamic CT during forced vital capacity maneuver. Attenuation values for LLA areas and adjacent lung were measured and time-density curves were plotted. RESULTS Forty-one (85%) patients had bronchiectasis, typically in other than the regions of the LLA. Areas with proximal bronchiectasis showed low attenuation but without notable lobular distribution. Pulmonary vessels in the LLA areas were smaller than those of adjacent normal lung (n = 45). Of 22 patients who underwent pulmonary function tests, 15 had obstructive pattern of impairment. Respiratory dynamic CT showed expiratory air trapping in LLA areas in all six patients. The mean attenuation values of LLA areas were lower than those of the adjacent normal lung by 67 HU at end-inspiration and by 165 HU at end-expiration (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The majority of the patients with LLA shown by thin section CT had bronchiectasis elsewhere in the lung, and evidence of air trapping in the LLA was clearly demonstrated. Bronchiolar obstruction may be the most prevalent cause for the development of LLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Im
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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29
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Abstract
Computed tomographic (CT) angiography is a new minimally invasive vascular imaging modality. FOr its clinical use to increase, the advantages and potential applications of this modality must be understood. The clinical applications of CT angiography in the thoracic aorta and its branches include evaluation of congenital aortic anomalies, aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, Takayasu arteritis, penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer, traumatic aortic injury, the postoperative aorta, arch vessels, and pulmonary sequestration. The advantages of CT angiography over conventional angiography are as follows: (a) high-quality, thin axial sections that demonstrate mural changes, extraluminal pathologic conditions, and spatial relationships with adjacent organs; (b) high contrast resolution and high sensitivity for detecting calcified lesions; (c) angiographic or three-dimensional display of vascular structures and adjacent organs in any projection with a single spiral acquisition; and (d) demonstration of extrinsic causes of vascular compromise. CT angiography has the potential to replace conventional catheter angiography in the diagnosis of many pathologic conditions of the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Korea
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30
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Abstract
Multiple sequence alignment is a useful technique for studying molecular evolution and analyzing structure-sequence relationships. Dynamic programming of multiple sequence alignment has been widely used to find an optimal alignment. However, dynamic programming does not allow for certain types of gap costs, and it limits the number of sequences that can be aligned due to its high computational complexity. The focus of this paper is to use simulated annealing as the basis for developing an efficient multiple sequence alignment algorithm. An algorithm called Multiple Sequence Alignment using Simulated Annealing (MSASA) has been developed. The computational complexity of MSASA is significantly reduced by replacing the high-temperature phase of the annealing process by a fast heuristic algorithm. This heuristic algorithm facilitates in minimizing the solution set of the low-temperature phase of the annealing process. Compared to the dynamic programming approach, MSASA can (i) use natural gap costs which can generate better solution, (ii) align more sequences and (iii) take less computation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1027
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