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Hwang J, Kim J, Kim H. Improvement and application of recommended food score for hypertension in Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1400458. [PMID: 38946790 PMCID: PMC11211396 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing dietary factors to lower blood pressure can be a crucial strategy at the population level to mitigate the risk of hypertension. In a prior investigation, a tailored food score was used as a dietary index relevant to hypertension among Korean adults. This current study aims to assess the association between the overall quality of the diet, taking into account more precise food components, and evaluate the risk of developing hypertension. Methods This prospective cohort study included 5,342 adults aged 40-70 without hypertension who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2016. The improved Recommended Food Score for Hypertension (iRFSH) is a modified version of the Recommended Food Score to assess the consumption of foods recommended in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for Korean foods. A higher score reflects greater consumption of recommended foods, indicative of higher dietary quality. The maximum total score is 65. High blood pressure, which includes both hypertension and prehypertension, was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine its prospective relationship with iRFSH. Results Among 2,478 males and 2,864 females with 10.8 mean years of follow-up, a higher score of iRFSH was associated with a lower risk of hypertension in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile [total: hazard ratio (HR): 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.87; female: HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.83]. Conclusion Higher iRFSH is associated with a lower incidence of hypertension. Our results suggest that the iRFSH may be a potential tool for assessing dietary quality and dietary patterns and predicting the risk of hypertension in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Hwang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea
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Bekele TH, Trijsburg L, Brouwer ID, de Vries JH, Covic N, Kennedy G, Alemayehu D, Feskens EJ. Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:895-913. [PMID: 37182739 PMCID: PMC10334157 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30-90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50-150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15-35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200-300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200-300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Hm de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dawit Alemayehu
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Jo U, Park K. Carbohydrate-based diet may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease: A pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1301-1307. [PMID: 37385184 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS According to cumulative epidemiologic studies, balancing macronutrients for energy is important to prevent metabolic diseases; however, this has not been studied extensively in Asian populations whose carbohydrate intake levels are relatively high. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between carbohydrate intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Korean adults in two community-based cohort studies. METHODS We included 9608 and 164,088 participants from the Korean Association Resource and Health Examinee studies, respectively, in the analysis. Carbohydrate intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The proportion of total energy from carbohydrate (P_CARB) was calculated, and participants were divided into sex-specific quartiles based on their P_CARB values. Incident cases of CVD, including myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and stroke, were identified through self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between P_CARB and CVD risk. The fixed effects model was used to pool the results. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, significant positive associations between P_CARB and CVD risk were observed in the pooled analysis, showing that the HRs (95% CIs) for CVD across increasing quartiles of P_CARB were 1.00 (reference), 1.16 (0.94-1.44), 1.25 (0.96-1.63), and 1.48 (1.08-2.03). The restricted cubic spline regression analysis confirmed a linear dose-response relationship between P_CARB and CVD risk in both cohort studies, with all p-values for nonlinearity >0.05. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a carbohydrate-based diet high in proportion to total energy intake may increase the risk of CVD among middle-aged Korean adults, underscoring the importance of balanced macronutrient distribution. However, more research is needed to evaluate the sources and quality of carbohydrates in relation to CVD risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unhui Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gueongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gueongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Kityo A, Lee SA, Kang D. Total and cause-specific mortality associated with meat intake in a large cohort study in Korea. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1138102. [PMID: 36998911 PMCID: PMC10043978 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1138102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAsia has experienced a large increase in meat intake in the past decade, yet the health impact of meat intake is not well studied.ObjectiveWe examined the association of meat intake with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in an Asian country.MethodsParticipants were 113,568 adults with dietary data at recruitment (2004–2013) of the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study, a prospective cohort study conducted in 8 regions of Korea. Participants were followed until 31 December 2020. Total, red, white, and organ meat intake were computed based on a 106-item questionnaire. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were implemented using the lowest quintile of meat intake as the reference category.FindingsFor 1,205,236 person-years, 3,454 deaths were recorded. High intake of processed red meat was positively associated with all-cause mortality [men: hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.07–1.37; women: HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.56]. Increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.39) and cancer mortality (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03–1.50) was observed in women with high intake of organ meat. Moderate intake of pork belly was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality in men (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62–0.93) and women (HR 0.83, 95% 0.69–0.98) but high intake was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality in women (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.20–2.82). Low beef intake decreased the risk of CVD mortality in men (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.40–0.84), but roasted pork increased cancer mortality in women (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.52).ConclusionThere was increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with intake of processed red meat in men and women, increased risk of all-cause and cancer mortality with intake of organ meat in women, and increased risk of cancer mortality with intake of roasted pork intake in women. High intake of pork belly increased the risk of CVD mortality in women, but moderate intake was inversely associated with mortality from all-causes in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kityo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang-Ah Lee
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SA, Choi HK, Park SJ, Lee HJ. Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Patients with Cancer. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041009. [PMID: 36839367 PMCID: PMC9962971 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer need to maintain proper nutritional status to overcome cancer, alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, and prevent a recurrence. As such, it is necessary to manage nutritional status. This study aimed to develop a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with cancer and assess the validity of the FFQ. A total of 109 dish items were selected through contribution and variability analyses using the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. The FFQ was validated against the average 3-day dietary records of 100 patients with cancer. Pearson correlation coefficients and quartile agreements between FFQ and 3-day dietary records were calculated for intake of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Age and energy-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 (iron) to 0.54 (potassium). The percentage of participants who were classified into the same or adjacent quartile between the FFQ and the 3-day dietary record ranged from 68% (protein) to 81% (energy, dietary fiber). The results suggest that the FFQ is an appropriate tool for assessing nutritional status in Korean cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-A Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-J.P.); or (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
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Nixon S. Of Rice and Men: Rice Consumption-Based Estimates of Undocumented Persons in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01979183221126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying undocumented populations is a persistent challenge globally. A shortage of reliable estimates limits analysis of unauthorized migrations, effective policy responses, and measures to counter anecdote-fueled immigration debates. Malaysia exemplifies the struggles of geographically exposed and institutionally constrained countries attempting to manage undocumented migration through policies based on limited data and little evaluation. To provide time series data enabling migration policy analysis and to contribute an innovative methodological approach, this article estimated Malaysia's undocumented population since 1963 by modeling the relationship between rice consumption per capita and economic development. The modeled relationship, together with known rice consumption patterns, implies an undocumented population of 2.6–2.75 million in 1963 and 6.28–8.24 million in 2017. These findings suggest that existing unauthorized migration estimation methods produce significant undercounts and that Malaysia's hidden population is much larger than believed. They also demonstrate the potential for consumption-based methods to address undocumented population data gaps globally.
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Chen F, Hu W, Chen S, Si A, Zhang Y, Ma J. Stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea: An age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921592. [PMID: 36313118 PMCID: PMC9614311 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The high intake of red meat is well recognized as a major health concern worldwide. It has been recognized as a risk factor for several non-communicable chronic diseases, including stroke. However, previously published studies have not performed a comprehensive analysis of the long-time trend of stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea, two countries with similar dietary patterns and changing trends. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the influence of age, time period, and birth cohort on long-term trends of stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake and relative gender differences in China and South Korea. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. The age–period–cohort model was used to estimate the effect of age, time period, and birth cohort. The average and annual percent changes were estimated using the joinpoint regression analysis. Results indicated that the overall attributable age-standardized mortality rates of stroke in China decreased by 1.0% (P < 0.05) for female and 0.1% (P > 0.05) for male individuals, compared with a decrease of 4.9% for female and 3.7% for male individuals in South Korea (both P < 0.05). Age–period–cohort analysis revealed that the attributable stroke mortality decreased along with the time period, and increased along with age. Significant gender differences were observed, male individuals in both countries were at higher risk than their female counterparts, especially in China. Joinpoint analysis suggested that the attributable stroke mortality for both genders in South Korea and female individuals in China showed a decreasing trend, while it is stable for male individuals in China. Although prominent reductions were observed during the past decades, the attributable stroke mortality risk in China and South Korea is still high. Our findings indicate that controlling the intake of red meat may be a cost-effective strategy to reduce stroke mortality risk and the corresponding disease burden, especially for Chinese male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aima Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Jiaojiao Ma,
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Kim Y, Kim YM, Shin MH, Koh SB, Chang Kim H, Kim MK. Empirically identified dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome risk in a prospective cohort study: the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2156-2162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhang S, Du Y, Cai L, Chen M, Song Y, He L, Gong N, Lin Q. Obstacles to home-based dietary management for caregivers of children with citrin deficiency: a qualitative study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:256. [PMID: 35804387 PMCID: PMC9264664 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary management is the most important and effective treatment for citrin deficiency, as well as a decisive factor in the clinical outcome of patients. However, the dietary management ability of caregivers of children with citrin deficiency is generally poor, especially in East Asia where carbohydrate-based diets are predominant. The aim of this study was to identify the difficulties that caregivers encounter in the process of home-based dietary management, and the reasons responsible for these challenges. Results A total of 26 caregivers of children with citrin deficiency were recruited, including 24 mothers, one father, and one grandmother. Grounded theory was employed to identify three themes (covering 12 sub-themes) related to the dilemma of dietary management: dietary management that is difficult to implement; conflicts with traditional concepts; and the notion that children are only a part of family life. The first theme describes the objective difficulties that caregivers encounter in the process of dietary management; the second theme describes the underlying reasons responsible for the non-adherent behavior of caregivers; the third theme further reveals the self-compromise by caregivers in the face of multiple difficulties. Conclusions This study reflects the adverse effects of multi-dimensional contradictions on the adherence of caregivers to dietary management. These findings reveal that the dietary management of citrin deficiency is not only a rational process, rather it is deeply embedded in family, social, and dietary traditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Yun Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Lingli Cai
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Meixue Chen
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Yuanzong Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Lilan He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China
| | - Ni Gong
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China.
| | - Qingran Lin
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510632, Guangdong Prov., China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou City, 510630, Guangdong Prov., China.
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An S, Ahn C, Jang J, Lee J, Kang D, Lee JK, Park SK. Comparison of the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Disorders and Comorbidities in Korea and the United States: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e149. [PMID: 35535376 PMCID: PMC9091432 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) and comorbidities in Korea and the United States (US) can be an important indicator for forecasting future risk of cardiovascular events in Korea. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea and the US. METHODS A total of 15,872 individuals from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 and 26,492 from the Korea NHANES (KNHANES) 2007-2014 were included. Additionally, 164,339 (139,345 from the Health Examinees-Gem Study and 24,994 from the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study) participants enrolled in the Korea Genome and Epidemiology Study were included to investigate the differences of CMDs between urban and rural regions. To estimate the age-standardized prevalence of CMDs in individuals aged 40-69 years, direct standardization using the World Health Organization standard population was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of CMDs was lower in Korea than the US (hypertension 49.9% vs. 56.8%; DM 13.4% vs. 14.3%; hypercholesterolemia 16.8% vs. 17.8%; obesity 36.2% vs. 38.6%; and MetS 29.4% vs. 36.5%). According to the median survey years, dyslipidemia has become more prevalent in Korea than in the US since 2010. The prevalence of CMDs was greater in rural than that in urban areas in Korea. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Korea exceeded that of the US after 2010, which was associated with increasing burden of cardiovascular events. The present study suggests that further preventive strategies are needed to mitigate the prevalence of CMDs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyung An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choonghyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Koo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jun S, Lee S, Lee J, Kim J. Diets high in glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1154-1164. [PMID: 35256231 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accurate estimation of the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of diets is essential when assessing health implications of dietary GI and GL. The present study aimed to estimate dietary GI and GL utilizing the updated GI tables with a large number of new, reliable GI values and assess their associations with metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed data from 3317 men and 6191 women for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined based on the harmonized criteria with Korean-specific cutoffs for waist circumference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with women in the lowest quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI and GL, women in the highest quintiles had significantly greater risks of metabolic syndrome (GI, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.18-2.06; GL, OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.27-2.57), elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, both GI and GL), elevated triglycerides (GI only), elevated waist circumference, and elevated fasting glucose (GL only). Among men, no significant association was noted except for a higher risk of reduced HDL-C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01-2.29) in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary GI than in the lowest quintile. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that dietary GI and GL are positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk among women, but not men, in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Cho AR, Kwon YJ. Association between dairy protein and body composition in middle-aged and older women: A community-based, 12-year, prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:460-467. [PMID: 35007815 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Changes in body composition during aging include decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. Women with low muscle mass with abdominal obesity (LMAO), in particular, could be at higher risk of morbidities and mortality than those with either sarcopenia or obesity alone. Dairy products, which contain whey protein and all essential amino acids, could have a beneficial role in preserving muscle mass and reducing obesity. We aimed to analyze the association between dairy protein and the development of LMAO in women using a large-scale, community-based prospective cohort. METHODS Our analysis included 4251 women from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Participants were categorized into three groups by the tertile of dairy protein intake, which was assessed using a semi-quantitative 103-food item food frequency questionnaire. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated using the anthropometric equation. Low muscle mass (LM) was defined as a muscle mass of less than 15 kg in women. Abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as a weight to height ratio of 0.58 or greater. LMAO was defined as LM in combination with AO. Multiple Cox hazard regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between dairy protein intake and incident LMAO. RESULTS During follow-up (mean, 9.6 years), 280 women newly developed LMAO. According to Cox proportional regression models, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident LMAO in the middle and highest tertiles were 0.89 (0.74-1.06) and 0.71 (0.59-0.86), compared with lowest tertile, after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that high dairy protein intake is inversely related with LMAO development in Korean women. Dairy protein intake could be effective in preventing incident LMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Park H, Kityo A, Kim Y, Lee SA. Macronutrient Intake in Adults Diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome: Using the Health Examinee (HEXA) Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:4457. [PMID: 34960009 PMCID: PMC8706324 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrient intake is important in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to evaluate total energy and macronutrient intake of participants diagnosed with MetS at recruitment of the health examinees (HEXA) cohort, considering the plant and animal sources of each macronutrient. We included 130,423 participants aged 40-69 years for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to evaluate the intake of macronutrients stratified by gender. Energy and macronutrient intake were estimated by linking food frequency questionnaire data to the Korean food composition database, and were calculated separately for plant and animal foods. Low energy (men: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98; women: OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.99), and fat intake (men: OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90-0.96; women: OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77-0.83) were observed. Only postmenopausal women had lower intake of total energy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.97), whereas low fat intake was observed in all women (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77-0.83). For carbohydrate intake, the OR were 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.27) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. Protein intake was low (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82-0.94) among women in their 50s and 60s, respectively. High intake of plant carbohydrates in women (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12-1.20), and plant protein in both genders (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13) were observed, but low intake of total energy, fat, and animal-source carbohydrates in both genders was also observed. Fat intake was low regardless of food source. In conclusion, high consumption of plant-source macronutrients, and low consumption of animal-source macronutrients was observed in Korean adults diagnosed with MetS. Attention should be directed to plant sources of carbohydrates and proteins when designing population interventions for metabolic syndrome reduction in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.P.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Anthony Kityo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.P.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeonjin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.P.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.P.); (A.K.); (Y.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Lee JH, Lee HS, Ahn SB, Kwon YJ. Dairy protein intake is inversely related to development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5252-5260. [PMID: 34534894 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is closely related to metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Dairy protein, rich in casein and whey protein, could help to reduce metabolic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. METHODS We analyzed data for 5171 adults aged 40-69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.(KoGES) Participants were separated as men, women aged ≥50 years, and women aged <50 years and then divided into tertiles based on dairy protein intake. NAFLD was defined as NAFLD liver fat score >-0.640. Scores were calculated as 1.18 × metabolic syndrome (Yes: 1, No: 0) + 0.45 × diabetes mellitus (Yes: 2, No: 0) + 0.15 × serum insulin +0.04 × AST - 0.94 × (AST/ALT) - 2.89. Cox proportional hazards spline curves were drawn to visualize dose-response relationships between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. Multiple Cox hazard regression analysis was conducted to examine associations between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. RESULTS The Cox proportional hazards spline curves revealed a negative linear relationship between dairy protein intake and incident NAFLD. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD significantly decreased with increasing tertiles of dairy protein intake in men and women aged ≥50 years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for NAFLD in the middle and highest tertiles, compared to the lowest tertile, were 0.80 (0.67-0.96) and 0.71 (0.57-0.88) in men, 0.89 (0.72-1.09) and 0.72 (0.56-0.92) in women aged ≥50 years, and 1.01 (0.80-1.27) and 0.91 (0.67-1.24) in women aged <50 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that higher dairy protein intake was significantly and inversely associated with the risk of incident NAFLD in men and women aged ≥50 years. Consumption of milk and other dairy products could help prevent the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Bong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea.
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Ham D, Cho Y, Park MS, Park YS, Kim SY, Seol HM, Park YM, Woo S, Joung H, Lim DS. Inverse association of improved adherence to dietary guidelines with metabolic syndrome: the Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management program. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:621-636. [PMID: 33282124 PMCID: PMC7683205 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.6.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The Seoul Metabolic Syndrome Management (SMESY) program is a 1-yr lifestyle modification program targeting metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Seoul residents. This study investigated the associations between adherence to dietary guidelines and MetS among the SMESY program participants. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data of 54,385 participants aged 20–64 yrs who completed the SMESY program in 2015, had information on adherence to dietary guidelines, and were not medicated for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia were analyzed. Participants underwent MetS screening and completed a lifestyle questionnaire including adherence to 10 dietary guidelines before and after participation. Participants were classified according to the number of MetS risk factors at baseline (MetS group, ≥ 3; risk group, 1–2; healthy group, none). Adherence to dietary guidelines was determined from the number of “yes” responses regarding the fulfillment of each guideline on ≥ 5 days/week. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between newly diagnosed MetS and changes in adherence to dietary guidelines. RESULTS In the MetS group, MetS prevalence decreased after the SMESY program (men, −41.9%p; women, −48.7%p), and all risk factors were significantly improved (P < 0.0001). All groups exhibited improved adherence to all dietary guidelines after participation (P < 0.0001). In the MetS group with positively changed adherence scores, the MetS prevalence decreased by −44.1%p for men and −49.5%p for women, whereas the prevalence in those with negative changes decreased by −38.1%p for men and −48.6%p for women. In the risk group, those with positively changed adherence scores had significantly decreased odds ratios (ORs) for newly diagnosed MetS compared with those with negative changes (OR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.80 for men; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99 for women). CONCLUSIONS The SMESY program may effectively reduce the risk of MetS among adults with risk factors by improving adherence to dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - YoungYun Cho
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,The Korean Dietetic Association, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Park
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Yun-Sug Park
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Seol
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Park
- Health Care Policy Division, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Korea
| | - Sunok Woo
- Health Care Policy Division, Citizen's Health Bureau, Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 04524, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- Metabolic Syndrome Management Center of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul 02751, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
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So E, Joung H. Effect of Dairy Protein Intake on Muscle Mass among Korean Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2537. [PMID: 32825743 PMCID: PMC7551315 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study aimed to identify the associations of dairy protein intake with the risk of developing a low muscle mass during a 12-year follow-up period, using data from 4412 middle-aged Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study participants with a normal baseline muscle mass. Dairy protein intake at baseline was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), defined as the weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass, was measured biennially using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall, 395 subjects developed a low SMI (%) during an average follow-up of 141 (19-152) months. The average consumption of milk and other dairy products was 73.6 and 104.1 g/day, respectively. In men, a higher dairy protein intake was associated with a decreased risk of developing a low SMI (tertile 3 [T3] vs. T1, HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94; p for trend = 0.029). In a stratified analysis according to a total protein intake, this association was stronger in the lower-protein intake group (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99; p for trend = 0.036) but not detected in the higher-protein intake group. Men who consumed milk ≥1 time/day had a significantly lower risk of developing a low SMI (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.98; p for trend = 0.023). No significant associations were observed in women. In summary, dairy consumption appears to be beneficial for decreasing the risk of developing a low muscle mass in middle-aged Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin So
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St, Mary’s Hospital, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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A Traditional Korean Diet with a Low Dietary Inflammatory Index Increases Anti-Inflammatory IL-10 and Decreases Pro-Inflammatory NF-κB in a Small Dietary Intervention Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082468. [PMID: 32824387 PMCID: PMC7468714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation may increase the risk of chronic disease, while diets rich in anti-inflammatory components may reduce it. To determine the anti-inflammatory properties of the traditional Korean diet (K-diet) that comprises high amounts of vegetables, fiber and phytochemicals, moderate amounts of legumes, and low amounts of animal fat, ten obese women aged 50–60 years were randomly assigned to the K-diet or control diet group. The control diet was a Westernized Korean diet commonly consumed in Korea, which is high in animal fat and protein. Subjects were housed in metabolic unit-like conditions during the 2-week intervention. Plasma was collected before and after the intervention to measure inflammatory cytokines using ELISA. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated based on nutrients and food intake. The DII score for the K-diet was lower than that of the control diet (−0.94 ± 1.39 vs. 1.04 ± 1.61, p < 0.001). In the K-diet group, anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 levels increased (4.45 ± 0.34 pg/mL vs. 5.94 ± 0.33 pg/mL, p = 0.0102), whereas pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels decreased (7.70 ± 0.62 pg/mL vs. 2.71 ± 0.49 pg/mL, p = 0.0015), but not in the control group. In the K-diet group, NF-κB levels negatively correlated with IL-10 levels (r = −0.794, p = 0.006). The K-diet has anti-inflammatory properties, and IL-10 and NF-κB are putative inflammatory markers for K-diet studies.
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Dietary patterns and gastric cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:389-397. [PMID: 32350654 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary pattern analysis has been considered as an approach to capture the complex interactions of overall diet, which are often lost in studies of single dietary components (e.g., foods and nutrients). The aim of this study was to identify the major dietary patterns of Koreans via principal component analysis based on the food groups and to investigate the association between dietary patterns and gastric cancer (GC) risk. METHODS In this study, participants were recruited from the National Cancer Center, Korea. Among them, 415 cases were diagnosed with early GC, and 830 controls were age- and sex-matched at a ratio of 1:2. To determine the subjects' dietary patterns, 34 predefined food groups based on the 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) were used. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated across the tertiles of dietary pattern scores using logistic regression models. RESULTS The two dietary patterns derived in this study were named westernized and prudent. Those patterns explained 24.83% of the total variation in food intake. Higher scores on the prudent pattern was inversely associated with the risk of GC (OR [95% CI] for the highest vs. lowest tertiles: 0.58 [0.41-0.84], p for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that adherence to the prudent dietary pattern represented by high loadings of vegetables and fruits, was associated with lower GC risk. Further studies with a prospective design and larger sample sizes are necessary.
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The association between milk consumption and the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study of the residents of Suzhou, China and a meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:1013-1023. [PMID: 31964442 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between milk consumption and the metabolic syndrome remains inconclusive, and data from Chinese populations are scarce. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association between milk consumption and the metabolic syndrome and its components among the residents of Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China. A total of 5149 participants were included in the final analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the OR and 95 % CI for the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components according to milk consumption. In addition, the results of our study were further meta-analysed with other published observational studies to quantify the association between the highest v. lowest categories of milk consumption and the metabolic syndrome and its components. There was no significant difference in the odds of having the metabolic syndrome between milk consumers and non-milk consumers (OR 0·86, 95 % CI 0·73, 1·01). However, milk consumers had lower odds of having elevated waist circumference (OR 0·78, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·92), elevated TAG (OR 0·83, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·99) and elevated blood pressure (OR 0·85, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·99). When the results were pooled together with other published studies, higher milk consumption was inversely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (relative risk 0·80, 95 % CI 0·72, 0·88) and its components (except elevated fasting blood glucose); however, these results should be treated with caution as high heterogeneity was observed. In summary, the currently available evidence from observational studies suggests that higher milk consumption may be inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Hur SJ, Yoon Y, Jo C, Jeong JY, Lee KT. Effect of Dietary Red Meat on Colorectal Cancer Risk—A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1812-1824. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jin Hur
- Dept. of Animal Science and TechnologyChung‐Ang Univ. Anseong 17546 Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Dept. of Food and NutritionSookmyung Women's Univ. Seoul 04310 Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Inst. of Agriculture and Life ScienceSeoul Natl. Univ. Seoul 08826 Korea
| | - Jong Youn Jeong
- School of Food Biotechnology and NutritionKyungsung Univ. Busan 48434 Korea
| | - Keun Taik Lee
- Dept. of Food Processing and DistributionGangneung‐Wonju Natl. Univ. Gangneung 25457 Korea
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Choi E, Kim SA, Joung H. Relationship between Obesity and Korean and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Literature. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28:30-39. [PMID: 31089577 PMCID: PMC6484937 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. Among the various risk factors for obesity, diet is one of the most modifiable. This study aimed to review current research on the association between obesity and the Korean diet compared with the Mediterranean diet. An electronic literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase. Totals of 10 and 17 studies were included in this review for the Korean dietary pattern (KDP) and the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), respectively. These studies mainly applied factor analysis for the KDP and index analysis for the MDP. Only one of 10 KDP articles reported a significant inverse association with obesity, while most MDP studies showed a preventive association with obesity. There are a limited number of KDP studies compared with MDP studies, and the methods of deriving the dietary patterns are different between the KDP and MDP. To produce more conclusive evidence on the association between the KDP and obesity, well-designed and controlled trials or large prospective cohort studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Dietary Factors and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121331. [PMID: 29215604 PMCID: PMC5748781 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females and has become a major global health priority. This prospective cohort study investigated the association of dietary factors, including food items and dietary habits, with the risk of breast cancer in Korean women. Study participants were women aged 30 years or older, recruited from the National Cancer Center in South Korea between August 2002 and May 2007. They were followed until December 2014 using the Korea Central Cancer Registry to identify breast cancer cases. Among 5046 non-pre-diagnosed cancer participants, 72 breast cancer cases were prospectively identified. Participants with breast cancer had a significantly higher educational level (college or higher: 58.3% vs. 39.5%, p = 0.01), were more likely to have ever smoked (22.2% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a history of benign breast tumors (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.02) than non-cases. Consumption of grilled meat conferred a significantly higher risk of breast cancer in all women (hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–2.85) and in postmenopausal women (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.31–7.15). High-cholesterol food intake was associated with a higher risk in all women (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.01–2.82). Irregular meal intake was associated with an elevated risk in all women (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.20–3.98, p for trend = 0.01) and in premenopausal women (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.13–4.91, p for trend = 0.03). Our findings suggest that grilled meat and high-cholesterol food intake and irregular eating habits may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Further studies with longer follow-up periods that include information on portion size, hormone receptor status, carcinogen levels in grilled meat, and a classification of foods by source are required.
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Park SJ, Leesungbok R, Song JW, Chang SH, Lee SW, Ahn SJ. Analysis of dimensions and shapes of maxillary and mandibular dental arch in Korean young adults. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9:321-327. [PMID: 29142638 PMCID: PMC5673607 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2017.9.5.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate dental arch dimensions and to classify arch shape in Korean young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample included 50 Koreans with age ranging from 24 to 32 years. Maxillary and mandibular casts were fabricated using irreversible hydrocolloid and type III dental stones. Incisor-canine distance, incisor-1st molar distance, incisor-2nd molar distance, intercanine distance, inter-1st molar distance, and inter-2nd molar distance in both the maxillary and mandibular arch were measured using a three-dimensional measuring device. The dental arch was classified into three groups using five ratios from the measured values by the K-means clustering method. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Arch lengths (IM2D, incisal-2nd molar distance) were 44.13 mm in the maxilla and 40.40 mm in the mandible. Arch widths (M2W, inter 2nd molar width) were 64.12 mm in the maxilla and 56.37 mm in the mandible. Distribution of the dental arch form was mostly ovoid shape (maxilla 52% and mandible 56%), followed by the V-shape and the U-shape. The arch width for the U-shape was broader than for the other forms. CONCLUSION This study establishes new reference data for dental arch dimensions for young Korean adults. The most common arch form is the ovoid type in the maxilla and mandible of Koreans. Clinicians should be aware of these references and classify arch type before and during their dental treatment for effective and harmonized results in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jung Park
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Leesungbok
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Chang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Ahn
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthodontics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park HR, Tserendejid Z, Lee JH, Lim YS. Acculturation and Dietary Intakes by Gender Among Mongolians in South Korea: Nutrition Education Implication for Multicultural Families. Asia Pac J Public Health 2017; 29:608-616. [PMID: 29094631 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517737175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We explored the relationship between acculturation and dietary intake by gender for 500 Mongolians residing in South Korea. The high acculturation (HA) group females consumed more fish and shellfish, vegetables, beans, and rice, and less meats, flours, and oil than the low acculturation (LA) group did. However, there was no statistical difference in food group intake between HA and LA group males. HA group females showed higher intake of carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin A, and folate compared with LA group females. However, only folate and vitamin B2 intake was statistically different between HA and LA group males. Acculturation and gender interactions were found for the consumption of meats, flours, fish and shellfish, beans, and vegetables. The findings from this study have implications for developing customized nutrition intervention programs by gender for immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryun Park
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Zuunnast Tserendejid
- 2 Mongolia Center for Improvement of Nutrition, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Joung Hee Lee
- 3 Graduate School of Education, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi,South Korea
| | - Young Suk Lim
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
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Kim SY, Wie GA, Cho YA, Kang HH, Ryu KA, Yoo MK, Jun S, Kim SA, Ha K, Kim J, Cho YH, Shin S, Joung H. The Role of Red Meat and Flavonoid Consumption on Cancer Prevention: The Korean Cancer Screening Examination Cohort. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090938. [PMID: 28841199 PMCID: PMC5622698 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Markedly increased red meat consumption is a cancer risk factor, while dietary flavonoids may help prevent the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of red meat and flavonoid consumption with cancer risk, based on data from 8024 subjects, drawn from the 2004–2008 Cancer Screening Examination Cohort of the Korean National Cancer Center. Hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained by using a Cox proportional hazard model. During the mean follow-up period of 10.1 years, 443 cases were newly diagnosed with cancer. After adjusting for age, there was a significant correlation between cancer risk and the daily intake of ≥43 g of red meat per day (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.01, 1.71; p = 0.045), and total flavonoid intake tended to decrease cancer risk (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.49, 0.99; highest vs. lowest quartile; p-trend = 0.073) in men. Following multivariable adjustment, there were no statistically significant associations between flavonoid intake and overall cancer risk in individuals with high levels of red meat intake. Men with low daily red meat intake exhibited an inverse association between flavonoid consumption and cancer incidence (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.21, 0.80; highest vs. lowest; p-trend = 0.017). Additional research is necessary to clarify the effects of flavonoid consumption on specific cancer incidence, relative to daily red meat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Gyung-Ah Wie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Yeong-Ah Cho
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Hee Kang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-A Ryu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyong Yoo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Shinyoung Jun
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seong-Ah Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Sangah Shin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Oil and Its Active Constituent Linalyl Acetate Alleviate Pain and Urinary Residual Sense after Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3954181. [PMID: 28154606 PMCID: PMC5244020 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3954181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pain and urinary symptoms following colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery are frequent and carry a poor recovery. This study tested the effects of inhalation of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender) oil or linalyl acetate on pain relief and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following the removal of indwelling urinary catheters from patients after CRC surgery. This randomised control study recruited 66 subjects with indwelling urinary catheters after undergoing CRC surgery who later underwent catheter removal. Patients inhaled 1% lavender, 1% linalyl acetate, or vehicle (control group) for 20 minutes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, LUTS, and visual analog scales of pain magnitude and quality of life (QoL) regarding urinary symptoms were measured before and after inhalation. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, LUTS, and QoL satisfaction with urinary symptoms were similar in the three groups. Significant differences in pain magnitude and urinary residual sense of indwelling catheters were observed among the three groups, with inhalation of linalyl acetate being significantly more effective than inhalation of lavender or vehicle. Inhalation of linalyl acetate is an effective nursing intervention to relieve pain and urinary residual sense of indwelling urinary catheters following their removal from patients who underwent CRC surgery.
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Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Hermans N. Effect of various diets on biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:627-641. [PMID: 28027691 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1269726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the normal whole diet in different countries and of special types of diet on the biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is reviewed. Diet type, specification, risk of MetS and studied biomarkers, as far as could be traced, are included. Critical points in published studies are mentioned. Description of the traditional dietary patterns for the various countries is not always well-defined and numbers of persons in the studied population are sometimes quite limited, which hamper drawing definite conclusions. Since a Nordic diet, a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH), and especially a Mediterranean diet are quite promising, due to its health claims, the food pattern is studied more in detail and a large spectrum of vegetarian diets are included as well. Most of the time lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are the studied biomarkers in response to diet intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Foods , NatuRA (Natural Products and Food-Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
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