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McAdams CJ, Efseroff B, McCoy J, Ford L, Timko CA. Social Processing in Eating Disorders: Neuroimaging Paradigms and Research Domain Organizational Constructs. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:777-788. [PMID: 36417153 PMCID: PMC10373941 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social and environmental factors have been related to both symptom expression of disordered eating in individuals and changes in the prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) in populations. Neural differences in processing social information may contribute to EDs. This review assesses the evidence for aberrant neural responses during social processing in EDs. RECENT FINDINGS This review examines how constructs within the social processing domain have been evaluated by neuroimaging paradigms in EDs, including communication, affiliation, and understanding of both oneself and others. Differences related to social processing in EDs include altered processing for self-relevant stimuli, in the context of identity, valence, expectations, and affiliative relationships. Future work is needed to integrate how differences in processing social stimuli relate to alterations in cognitive control and reward as well as specific disordered eating symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Brayden Efseroff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jordan McCoy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lauren Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical School, 6363 Forest Park Rd BL6.204, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA
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2
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Disgust and Self-Disgust in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091728. [PMID: 35565699 PMCID: PMC9102838 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Disgust and self-disgust are aversive emotions which are often encountered in people with eating disorders. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of disgust and self-disgust in people with eating disorders using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic review of the literature revealed 52 original research papers. There was substantial heterogeneity regarding the research question and outcomes. However, we found 5 articles on disgust elicited by food images, 10 studies on generic disgust sensitivity, and 4 studies on self-disgust, and we proceeded to a meta-analytic approach on these studies. We found that women with eating disorders have significantly higher momentary disgust feelings in response to food images (1.32; 95% CI 1.05, 1.59), higher generic disgust sensitivity (0.49; 95% CI 0.24, 0.71), and higher self-disgust (1.90; 95% CI 1.51, 2.29) compared with healthy controls. These findings indicate the potential clinical relevance of disgust and self-disgust in the treatment of eating disorders.
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3
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Gan X, Zhou X, Li J, Jiao G, Jiang X, Biswal B, Yao S, Klugah-Brown B, Becker B. Common and distinct neurofunctional representations of core and social disgust in the brain: Coordinate-based and network meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104553. [PMID: 35122784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Disgust represents a multifaceted defensive-avoidance response. On the behavioral level, the response includes withdrawal and a disgust-specific facial expression. While both serve the avoidance of pathogens, the latter additionally transmits social-communicative information. Given that common and distinct brain representation of the primary defensive-avoidance response (core disgust) and encoding of the social-communicative signal (social disgust) remain debated, we employed neuroimaging meta-analyses to (1) determine brain systems generally engaged in disgust processing, and (2) segregate common and distinct brain systems for core and social disgust. Disgust processing, in general, engaged a bilateral network encompassing the insula, amygdala, occipital and prefrontal regions. Core disgust evoked stronger reactivity in left-lateralized threat detection and defensive response network including amygdala, occipital and frontal regions, while social disgust engaged a right-lateralized superior temporal-frontal network engaged in social cognition. Anterior insula, inferior frontal and fusiform regions were commonly engaged during core and social disgust, suggesting a shared neurofunctional basis. We demonstrate a common and distinct neural basis of primary disgust responses and encoding of associated social-communicative signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Gan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China; Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Guojuan Jiao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ 7102, United States
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
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4
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Viol K, Aas B, Kastinger A, Kronbichler M, Schöller HJ, Reiter EM, Said-Yürekli S, Kronbichler L, Kravanja-Spannberger B, Stöger-Schmidinger B, Aichhorn W, Schiepek GK. Erroneously Disgusted: fMRI Study Supports Disgust-Related Neural Reuse in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:81. [PMID: 31068796 PMCID: PMC6491783 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: fMRI scans of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consistently show a hyperactivity of the insular cortex, a region responsible for disgust-processing, when confronted with symptom-triggering stimuli. This asks for an investigation of the role of disgust and the insula in OCD patients. Methods: Seventeen inpatients with OCD and 17 healthy controls (HC) underwent fMRI scanning. Whole-brain contrasts were calculated for “Disgust vs. Neutral” for both groups, plus an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the interaction between group and condition. Additionally, the emotional dimensions of valence and arousal, along with the ability to cope, were assessed by picture ratings. Results: The picture ratings confirmed the patients’ heightened sensitivity to disgust with higher values for arousal and inability to cope, but not for valence. fMRI scans revealed no hyperactivity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the condition “Disgust vs. Neutral,” indicating no basic hypersensitivity to disgusting stimuli. Increased activity in the precuneus in controls for this condition might correspond to the downregulation of arousal. Conclusions: The absent differences in neural activity of the insula in patients compared to controls for the disgust-condition, but heightened activity for symptom-provoking conditions, suggests that the illness is due to an erroneous recruitment of the insula cortex for OCD-stimuli. The finding is interpreted within the framework of the neural reuse hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Viol
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Benjamin Aas
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Kastinger
- Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Johannes Schöller
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Reiter
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department for Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Stöger-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Guenter Karl Schiepek
- Institute for Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychosomatics and Inpatient Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Powell TR, De Jong S, Breen G, Lewis CM, Dima D. Telomere length as a predictor of emotional processing in the brain. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1750-1759. [PMID: 30511786 PMCID: PMC6492163 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shorter telomere length (TL) has been associated with the development of mood disorders as well as abnormalities in brain morphology. However, so far, no studies have considered the role TL may have on brain function during tasks relevant to mood disorders. In this study, we examine the relationship between TL and functional brain activation and connectivity, while participants (n = 112) perform a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) facial affect recognition task. Additionally, because variation in TL has a substantial genetic component we calculated polygenic risk scores for TL to test if they predict face‐related functional brain activation. First, our results showed that TL was positively associated with increased activation in the amygdala and cuneus, as well as increased connectivity from posterior regions of the face network to the ventral prefrontal cortex. Second, polygenic risk scores for TL show a positive association with medial prefrontal cortex activation. The data support the view that TL and genetic loading for shorter telomeres, influence the function of brain regions known to be involved in emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone De Jong
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Berner LA, Stefan M, Lee S, Wang Z, Terranova K, Attia E, Marsh R. Altered cortical thickness and attentional deficits in adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:170070. [PMID: 29336774 PMCID: PMC5915236 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontostriatal and frontoparietal abnormalities likely contribute to deficits in control and attentional processes in individuals with bulimia nervosa and to the persistence of dysregulated eating across development. This study assessed these processes and cortical thickness in a large sample of adolescent girls and women with bulimia nervosa compared with healthy controls. METHODS We collected anatomical MRI data from adolescent girls and women (ages 12-38 yr) with full or subthreshold bulimia nervosa and age-matched healthy controls who also completed the Conners Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II). Groups were compared on task performance and cortical thickness. Mediation analyses explored associations among cortical thickness, CPT-II variables, bulimia nervosa symptoms and age. RESULTS We included 60 girls and women with bulimia nervosa and 54 controls in the analyses. Compared with healthy participants, those with bulimia nervosa showed increased impulsivity and inattention on the CPT-II, along with reduced thickness of the right pars triangularis, right superior parietal and left dorsal posterior cingulate cortices. In the bulimia nervosa group, exploratory analyses revealed that binge eating frequency correlated inversely with cortical thickness of frontoparietal and insular regions and that reduced frontoparietal thickness mediated the association between age and increased symptom severity and inattention. Binge eating frequency also mediated the association between age and lower prefrontal cortical thickness. LIMITATIONS These findings are applicable to only girls and women with bulimia nervosa, and our cross-sectional design precludes understanding of whether cortical thickness alterations precede or result from bulimia nervosa symptoms. CONCLUSION Structural abnormalities in the frontoparietal and posterior cingulate regions comprising circuits that support control and attentional processes should be investigated as potential contributors to the maintenance of bulimia nervosa and useful targets for novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Berner
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Mihaela Stefan
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Zhishun Wang
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Kate Terranova
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Evelyn Attia
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
| | - Rachel Marsh
- From the Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego (Berner); the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Stefan, Lee, Wang, Terranova, Marsh); and the Eating Disorders Research Unit, Division of Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York State Psychiatric Institute (Attia, Marsh)
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7
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Wang L, Kong QM, Li K, Li XN, Zeng YW, Chen C, Qian Y, Feng SJ, Li JT, Su Y, Correll CU, Mitchell PB, Yan CG, Zhang DR, Si TM. Altered intrinsic functional brain architecture in female patients with bulimia nervosa. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:414-423. [PMID: 28949286 PMCID: PMC5662463 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulimia nervosa is a severe psychiatric syndrome with uncertain pathogenesis. Neural systems involved in sensorimotor and visual processing, reward and impulsive control may contribute to the binge eating and purging behaviours characterizing bulimia nervosa. However, little is known about the alterations of functional organization of whole brain networks in individuals with this disorder. METHODS We used resting-state functional MRI and graph theory to characterize functional brain networks of unmedicated women with bulimia nervosa and healthy women. RESULTS We included 44 unmedicated women with bulimia nervosa and 44 healthy women in our analyses. Women with bulimia nervosa showed increased clustering coefficient and path length compared with control women. The nodal strength in patients with the disorder was higher in the sensorimotor and visual regions as well as the precuneus, but lower in several subcortical regions, such as the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex. Patients also showed hyperconnectivity primarily involving sensorimotor and unimodal visual association regions, but hypoconnectivity involving subcortical (striatum, thalamus), limbic (amygdala, hippocampus) and paralimbic (orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus) regions. The topological aberrations correlated significantly with scores of bulimia and drive for thinness and with body mass index. LIMITATIONS We reruited patients with only acute bulimia nervosa, so it is unclear whether the topological abnormalities comprise vulnerability markers for the disorder developing or the changes associated with illness state. CONCLUSION Our findings show altered intrinsic functional brain architecture, specifically abnormal global and local efficiency, as well as nodal- and network-level connectivity across sensorimotor, visual, subcortical and limbic systems in women with bulimia nervosa, suggesting that it is a disorder of dysfunctional integration among large-scale distributed brain regions. These abnormalities contribute to more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanism underlying pathological eating and body perception in women with bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tian-Mei Si
- Correspondence to: T. Si, Clinical Psychopharmacology Division, Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, No. 51 Hua Yuan Bei Road, Hai Dian District 100191, Beijing, China; ; or C. Yan, CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District 100101, Beijing, China;
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8
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Dapelo MM, Surguladze S, Morris R, Tchanturia K. Emotion Recognition in Face and Body Motion in Bulimia Nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:595-600. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Morris
- Department of Psychology, IoPPN; King's College London (KCL); UK
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Psychological Medicine, IoPPN; King's College London (KCL); UK
- Ilia State University Tbilisi; Georgia
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9
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Fujiwara E, Kube VL, Rochman D, Macrae-Korobkov AK, Peynenburg V. Visual Attention to Ambiguous Emotional Faces in Eating Disorders: Role of Alexithymia. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:451-460. [PMID: 28762613 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are often accompanied by social-emotional problems. Recently, alexithymia has been suggested to explain objective emotion processing deficits in EDs. We tested if elevated levels of alexithymia may explain emotional face-processing problems in a mixed ED group (N = 24, 19 with anorexia and five with bulimia), comparing them with high-alexithymic (N = 25) and low-alexithymic healthy controls (N = 25). Participants judged the mixture ratio of clear and ambiguous facial emotion blends while eye movements were recorded. The ED group was less accurate judging ambiguous blends containing anger or disgust and attended less to the faces compared with low-alexithymic controls. Reduced attention to faces, in particular the eye region, was linked to confusion with ambiguous anger and disgust in the ED group only. Although significant group differences only emerged compared with low-alexithymic controls, the visual attention patterns underlying the ED group's problems with subtle anger and disgust expressions were not driven by alexithymia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fujiwara
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Veronica L Kube
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Daniel Rochman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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Donofry SD, Roecklein KA, Wildes JE, Miller MA, Erickson KI. Alterations in emotion generation and regulation neurocircuitry in depression and eating disorders: A comparative review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:911-927. [PMID: 27422451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depression and eating disorders (EDs) are highly co-morbid and may share liability. Impaired emotion regulation may represent a common etiological or maintaining mechanism. Research has demonstrated that depressed individuals and individuals with EDs exhibit impaired emotion regulation, with these impairments being associated with changes in brain structure and function. The goal of this review was to evaluate findings from neuroimaging studies of depression and EDs to determine whether there are overlapping alterations in the brain regions known to be involved in emotion regulation, evidence of which would aid in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Our review of the literature suggests that depression and EDs exhibit common structural and functional alterations in brain regions involved in emotion regulation, including the amygdala, ventral striatum and nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We present preliminary support for a shared etiological mechanism. Future studies should consider manipulating emotion regulation in a sample of individuals with depression and EDs to better characterize abnormalities in these brain circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Kathryn A Roecklein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer E Wildes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Megan A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Giner-Bartolomé C, Steward T, Wolz I, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Tárrega S, Fernández-Formoso JA, Soriano-Mas C, Menchón JM, Fernández-Aranda F. The Influence of Personality Traits on Emotion Expression in Bulimic Spectrum Disorders: A Pilot Study. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2016; 24:320-8. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Giner-Bartolomé
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Ines Wolz
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department; School of Medicine, University of Barcelona; Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Salomé Tárrega
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department; School of Medicine, University of Barcelona; Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry; Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn); Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona; Spain
- Clinical Sciences Department; School of Medicine, University of Barcelona; Spain
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12
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Abstract
Eating disorders are complex and serious psychiatric illnesses whose etiology includes psychological, biological, and social factors. Treatment of eating disorders is challenging as there are few evidence-based treatments and limited understanding of the mechanisms that result in sustained recovery. In the last 20 years, we have begun to identify neural pathways that are altered in eating disorders. Consideration of how these pathways may contribute to an eating disorder can provide an understanding of expected responses to treatments. Eating disorder behaviors include restrictive eating, compulsive overeating, and purging behaviors after eating. Eating disorders are associated with changes in many neural systems. In this targeted review, we focus on three cognitive processes associated with neurocircuitry differences in subjects with eating disorders such as reward, decision-making, and social behavior. We briefly examine how each of these systems function in healthy people, using Neurosynth meta-analysis to identify key regions commonly implicated in these circuits. We review the evidence for disruptions of these regions and systems in eating disorders. Finally, we describe psychiatric and psychological treatments that are likely to function by impacting these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Whitney Smith
- University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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13
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Cooper JL, Wade TD. The Relationship Between Memory and Interpretation Biases, Difficulties with Emotion Regulation, and Disordered Eating in Young Women. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Kret ME, Ploeger A. Emotion processing deficits: A liability spectrum providing insight into comorbidity of mental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:153-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Jarcho JM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Nelson EE, Engel SG, Vannucci A, Field SE, Romer AL, Hannallah L, Brady SM, Demidowich AP, Shomaker LB, Courville AB, Pine DS, Yanovski JA. Neural activation during anticipated peer evaluation and laboratory meal intake in overweight girls with and without loss of control eating. Neuroimage 2015; 108:343-53. [PMID: 25550068 PMCID: PMC4323624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpersonal model of loss of control (LOC) eating proposes that socially distressing situations lead to anxious states that trigger excessive food consumption. Self-reports support these links, but the neurobiological underpinnings of these relationships remain unclear. We therefore examined brain regions associated with anxiety in relation to LOC eating and energy intake in the laboratory. Twenty-two overweight and obese (BMIz: 1.9±0.4) adolescent (15.8±1.6y) girls with LOC eating (LOC+, n=10) and without LOC eating (LOC-, n=12) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a simulated peer interaction chatroom paradigm. Immediately after the fMRI scan, girls consumed lunch ad libitum from a 10,934-kcal laboratory buffet meal with the instruction to "let yourself go and eat as much as you want." Pre-specified hypotheses regarding activation of five regions of interest were tested. Analysis of fMRI data revealed a significant group by peer feedback interaction in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), such that LOC+ had less activity following peer rejection (vs. acceptance), while LOC- had increased activity (p<.005). Moreover, functional coupling between vmPFC and striatum for peer rejection (vs. acceptance) interacted with LOC status: coupling was positive for LOC+, but negative in LOC- (p<.005). Activity of fusiform face area (FFA) during negative peer feedback from high-value peers also interacted with LOC status (p<.005). A positive association between FFA activation and intake during the meal was observed among only those with LOC eating. In conclusion, overweight and obese girls with LOC eating may be distinguished by a failure to engage regions of prefrontal cortex implicated in emotion regulation in response to social distress. The relationship between FFA activation and food intake supports the notion that heightened sensitivity to incoming interpersonal cues and perturbations in socio-emotional neural circuits may lead to overeating in order to cope with negative affect elicited by social discomfort in susceptible youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Jarcho
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 700 1st Ave S, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Anna Vannucci
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara E Field
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrienne L Romer
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Louise Hannallah
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg 15K, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Gallo M, Gámiz F, Perez-García M, Del Moral RG, Rolls ET. Taste and olfactory status in a gourmand with a right amygdala lesion. Neurocase 2014; 20:421-33. [PMID: 23668221 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2013.791862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a patient with a lesion of the right amygdala and temporal pole who had the characteristics of the gourmand syndrome, sensory and hedonic testing was performed to examine the processing of taste, olfactory, and some emotional stimuli. The gourmand syndrome describes a preoccupation with food and a preference for fine eating and is associated with right anterior lesions. It was found that the taste thresholds for sweet, salt, bitter, and sour were normal; that the patient did not dislike the taste of salt (NaCl) at low and moderate concentrations as much as age-matched controls; that this also occurred for monosodium glutamate (MSG); that there were some olfactory differences from normal controls; and that there was a marked reduction in the ability to detect face expressions of disgust.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gallo
- a Department of Psychobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias F. Olóriz , Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CIBM, Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
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17
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Van den Eynde F, Giampietro V, Simmons A, Uher R, Andrew CM, Harvey PO, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. Brain responses to body image stimuli but not food are altered in women with bulimia nervosa. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:302. [PMID: 24238299 PMCID: PMC4225677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into the neural correlates of bulimia nervosa (BN) psychopathology remains limited. METHODS In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 21 BN patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs) completed two paradigms: (1) processing of visual food stimuli and (2) comparing their own appearance with that of slim women. Participants also rated food craving and anxiety levels. RESULTS Brain activation patterns in response to food cues did not differ between women with and without BN. However, when evaluating themselves against images of slim women, BN patients engaged the insula more and the fusiform gyrus less, compared to HCs, suggesting increased self-focus among women with BN whilst comparing themselves to a 'slim ideal'. In these BN patients, exposure to food and body image stimuli increased self-reported levels of anxiety, but not craving. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that women with BN differ from HCs in the way they process body image, but not in the way they process food stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique Van den Eynde
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Eating Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, PO Box 59, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chris M Andrew
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroimaging, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Iain C Campbell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
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Kanakam N, Treasure J. A review of cognitive neuropsychiatry in the taxonomy of eating disorders: state, trait, or genetic? Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2013; 18:83-114. [PMID: 22994309 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2012.682362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A greater understanding of neuropsychological traits in eating disorders may help to construct a more biologically based taxonomy. The aim of this paper is to review the current evidence base of neuropsychological traits in people with eating disorders. Evidence of difficulties in set shifting, weak central coherence, emotional processing difficulties, and altered reward sensitivity is presented for people both in the acute and recovered phase of the illness. These traits are also seen in first degree relatives. At present there is limited research linking these neuropsychological traits with genetic and neuroanatomical measures. In addition to improving the taxonomy of eating disorders, neuropsychological traits may be of value in producing targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kanakam
- Section of Eating Disorders, Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Kanakam N, Krug I, Raoult C, Collier D, Treasure J. Social and Emotional Processing as a Behavioural Endophenotype in Eating Disorders: A Pilot Investigation in Twins. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2013; 21:294-307. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Krug
- Eating Disorders Research Unit; Guys Hospital; London; UK
| | | | - David Collier
- Eating Disorders Research Unit; Guys Hospital; London; UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Eating Disorders Research Unit; Guys Hospital; London; UK
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20
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Fishman I, Ng R. Error-related brain activity in extraverts: evidence for altered response monitoring in social context. Biol Psychol 2013; 93:225-30. [PMID: 23454520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
While the personality trait of extraversion has been linked to enhanced reward sensitivity and its putative neural correlates, little is known about whether extraverts' neural circuits are particularly sensitive to social rewards, given their preference for social engagement and social interactions. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study examined the relationship between the variation on the extraversion spectrum and a feedback-related ERP component (the error-related negativity or ERN) known to be sensitive to the value placed on errors and reward. Participants completed a forced-choice task, in which either rewarding or punitive feedback regarding their performance was provided, through either social (facial expressions) or non-social (verbal written) mode. The ERNs elicited by error trials in the social - but not in non-social - blocks were found to be associated with the extent of one's extraversion. However, the directionality of the effect was in contrast with the original prediction: namely, extraverts exhibited smaller ERNs than introverts during social blocks, whereas all participants produced similar ERNs in the non-social, verbal feedback condition. This finding suggests that extraverts exhibit diminished engagement in response monitoring - or find errors to be less salient - in the context of social feedback, perhaps because they find social contexts more predictable and thus more pleasant and less anxiety provoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Fishman
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratory, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
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21
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McAdams CJ, Krawczyk DC. Neural Responses during Social and Self-Knowledge Tasks in Bulimia Nervosa. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:103. [PMID: 24065928 PMCID: PMC3770922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-evaluation closely dependent upon body shape and weight is one of the defining criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN). We studied 53 adult women, 17 with BN, 18 with a recent history of anorexia nervosa (AN), and 18 healthy comparison women, using three different fMRI tasks that required thinking about self-knowledge and social interactions: the Social Identity task, the Physical Identity task, and the Social Attribution task. Previously, we identified regions of interest (ROI) in the same tasks using whole-brain voxel-wise comparisons of the healthy comparison women and women with a recent history of AN. Here, we report on the neural activations in those ROIs in subjects with BN. In the Social Attribution task, we examined activity in the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), an area frequently associated with mentalization. In the Social Identity task, we examined activity in the precuneus (PreC) and dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC). In the Physical Identity task, we examined activity in a ventral region of the dACC. Interestingly, in all tested regions, the average activation in subjects with bulimia was more than the average activation levels seen in the subjects with a history of anorexia but less than that seen in healthy subjects. In three regions, the RTPJ, the PreC, and the dACC, group responses in the subjects with bulimia were significantly different from healthy subjects but not subjects with anorexia. The neural activations of people with BN performing fMRI tasks engaging social processing are more similar to people with AN than healthy people. This suggests biological measures of social processes may be helpful in characterizing individuals with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, TX , USA
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22
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Abstract
There is robust evidence that women with eating disorders (EDs) display an attention bias (AB) for disorder-salient stimuli. Emerging data suggest that the presence of these biases may be due, in part, to neurological deficits, such as poor set shifting and weak central coherence. While some have argued that these biases function to predispose and/or act to maintain disordered eating behaviours, evidence supporting this view has rarely been examined. This report summarises and integrates the existing literature on AB in EDs and other related psychiatric disorders to better understand its potential role in the development and maintenance of an ED. The domains reviewed include experimental data using the dot-probe and modified Stroop task and neurobiological findings on AB in women with EDs as well as the role of AB in current theoretical models. We conclude by proposing an integrated model on the role of AB in EDs and discuss treatment approaches aimed at modifying these biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Aspen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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