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Andrews CM, Menkes MW, Suzuki T, Lasagna CA, Chun J, O'Donnell L, Grove T, McInnis MG, Deldin PJ, Tso IF. Reduced theta-band neural oscillatory activity during affective cognitive control in bipolar I disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:27-35. [PMID: 36549197 PMCID: PMC9898182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) have difficulty inhibiting context-inappropriate responses. However, neural mechanisms of impaired cognitive control over impulsive behaviors, especially in response to emotion, are unclear. Theta-band neural oscillatory activity over midfrontal areas is thought to reflect cognitive control. The current study examined behavioral performance and theta-band activity during inhibition to affective stimuli in BD, relative to healthy control participants (HC). Sixty-seven participants with BD and 48 HC completed a Go/No-Go task with emotional face stimuli during electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Behavior was measured with reaction time, discriminability (d') and response bias (β). Time-frequency decomposition of EEG data was used to extract event-related theta-band (4-7 Hz) neural oscillatory power and inter-trial phase consistency (ITPC) over midline fronto-central areas. Behavior and theta-band activity were compared between groups, while covarying for age. Participants with BD exhibited slower response execution times on correct Go trials and reduced behavioral discrimination of emotional versus neutral faces, compared to HC. Theta-band power and ITPC were reduced in BD relative to HC. Theta-band power was higher on No-Go trials than Go trials. The magnitude of differences in theta-band activity between Go/No-Go trial types did not differ between groups. Increased theta-band power was associated with faster response execution times, greater discrimination of differing facial expressions, and stronger tendency to respond both across the full sample and within the BD group. Attenuated midline fronto-central theta-band activity may contribute to reduced cognitive control and maladaptive behavioral responding to emotional cues in individuals with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margo W Menkes
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carly A Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinsoo Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa O'Donnell
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tyler Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia J Deldin
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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2
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Menkes MW, Andrews CM, Suzuki T, Chun J, Donnell LO, Grove T, Deng W, McInnis MG, Deldin PJ, Tso IF. Event-related potential correlates of affective response inhibition in bipolar I disorder: Comparison with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:131-140. [PMID: 35472478 PMCID: PMC9844970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) have difficulty inhibiting context-inappropriate responses. The neural mechanisms contributing to these difficulties, especially in emotional contexts, are little understood. This study aimed to inform mechanisms of impaired impulsivity control in response to emotion in BD, and whether response inhibition indices are altered to a similar degree in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). We examined alterations to behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) during inhibition to affective stimuli in BD, relative to healthy control participants (HC) and SZ. METHODS Sixty-six participants with BD, 32 participants with SZ, and 48 HC completed a Go/No-Go task with emotional face stimuli while electroencephalography was recorded. Behavioral signal detection metrics (perceptual sensitivity, response bias) and ERPs (N200, P300) were compared across groups. RESULTS Relative to HC, participants with BD showed reduced (1) discrimination of Go vs. No-Go stimuli (i.e., emotional vs. neutral faces), and (2) P300 amplitudes elicited by emotional faces. Results similarly extended to SZ: BD and SZ groups did not differ on behavioral performance nor ERP amplitudes. LIMITATIONS Aspects of the Go/No-Go task design may have limited findings, and medication effects on ERP amplitudes in patient samples cannot be fully ruled out. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest the difficulty participants with BD and SZ experienced on the current affective response inhibition task lied largely in discriminating between facial expressions. Difficulties with discriminating emotional from neutral expressions may contribute to difficulties with appropriate behavioral responding in social-affective contexts for individuals with BD and SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo W. Menkes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI
| | | | - Takakuni Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI
| | - Jinsoo Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Tyler Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI
| | - Wisteria Deng
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven,
CT
| | | | - Patricia J. Deldin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI
| | - Ivy F. Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI
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3
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Carruthers S, Michelini G, Kitsune V, Hosang GM, Brandeis D, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Early neurophysiological stimulus processing during a performance-monitoring task differentiates women with bipolar disorder from women with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114088. [PMID: 34252636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or bipolar disorder (BD) may display similar cognitive impairments and clinical symptoms, which might reflect shared mechanisms. Initial evidence indicates disorder-specific and overlapping neurophysiological alterations using event-related potentials (ERPs) in individuals with BD or ADHD during attentional tasks, but it is unknown whether impairments generalize across other processes and tasks. We conduct the first comparison between women with ADHD (n = 20), women with BD (n = 20) and control women (n = 20) on ERPs from a performance-monitoring flanker task. The BD group showed a significantly attenuated frontal ERP of conflict monitoring (N2) compared to the ADHD group across both low-conflict (congruent) and high-conflict (incongruent) task conditions, and compared to controls in the high-conflict condition. However, when controlling for an earlier attentional ERP (frontal N1), which was significantly reduced in participants with BD compared to participants with ADHD and controls, N2 group differences were no longer significant. These results indicate that ERP differences in conflict monitoring may be attributable to differences in earlier attentional processes. These findings identify neural differences in early attention between BD and ADHD which precede conflict monitoring processes, potentially pointing to distinct neural mechanisms implicated in the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carruthers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Viryanaga Kitsune
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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Michelini G, Cheung CHM, Kitsune V, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, McLoughlin G, Asherson P, Rijsdijk F, Kuntsi J. The Etiological Structure of Cognitive-Neurophysiological Impairments in ADHD in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:91-104. [PMID: 29720024 PMCID: PMC7750664 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718771191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies in children with ADHD identified two partially separable familial factors underlying cognitive dysfunction, but evidence in adolescents and adults is lacking. Here, we investigate the etiological structure of cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD in adolescents and young adults. Method: Factor analyses and multivariate familial models were run in 356 participants from ADHD and control sibling pairs aged 11 to 27 years on data on IQ, digit span forward (DSF) and backward (DSB), and cognitive-performance and event-related potential (ERP) measures from three cognitive tasks. Results: Three familial factors (cF1-3), showing substantial familial overlap with ADHD, captured the familial covariation of ADHD with nine cognitive-ERP measures. cF1 loaded on IQ, mean reaction time (MRT), and reaction-time variability (RTV); cF2 on DSF and DSB; and cF3 on number of errors and ERPs of inhibition and error processing. Conclusion: These results identify three partially separable etiological pathways leading to cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in adolescent and adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Brandeis
- Heidelberg University, Mannheim,
Germany,University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King’s College London, UK,Jonna Kuntsi, King’s College London, Social,
Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry,
Psychology & Neuroscience, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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5
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Bozhilova N, Kuntsi J, Rubia K, Michelini G, Asherson P. Electrophysiological modulation of sensory and attentional processes during mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 29:102547. [PMID: 33444949 PMCID: PMC7808945 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Adults with ADHD relative to controls reported lower P1 during high demands on sustained attention. Adults with ADHD also showed lower P1 during task focus, but not during mind wandering than controls. Increased mind wandering frequency in ADHD might account for these between-group effects.
We recently reported increased mind wandering (MW) frequency in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) relative to controls during high demands on sustained attention, reflecting deficient context regulation of MW. Studies on community samples previously linked context regulation of MW with attenuation in brain sensory processes, reflecting perceptual decoupling, and attentional processes during MW compared to task focus. However, the association between deficient context regulation of MW and these neural processes has not been studied in ADHD. We addressed this question by comparing adults with ADHD (N = 23) and controls (N = 25) on event-related potentials of early sensory processes (P1) and attention allocation (P3) during tasks manipulating cognitive demands (high vs low) on working memory and sustained attention, and during periods of MW and task focus measured through experience-sampling. Compared to controls, adults with ADHD showed reduced P1 during high sustained attention demands, as well as reduced P3 during high working memory demands. These group differences were no longer significant after adding MW frequency as a covariate. Across tasks, adults with ADHD showed no differences from controls on the P1 during MW episodes, but attenuated P1 during task focus. P3 was reduced in adults with ADHD compared to controls during MW, but not during task focus during the sustained attention task. These findings converge to indicate that impairments in early sensory processing in individuals with ADHD seem parallel to increased MW frequency and might reflect inefficient adjustments from periods of MW to task focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College University London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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6
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Bozhilova N, Cooper R, Kuntsi J, Asherson P, Michelini G. Electrophysiological correlates of spontaneous mind wandering in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112632. [PMID: 32361038 PMCID: PMC7303944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently hypothesised that increased spontaneous mind wandering (MW-S) reflects a core process underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies show that individuals with ADHD and neurotypical individuals with increased MW-S display similar cognitive-performance and electrophysiological (EEG) impairments in attentional processes. However, the cognitive-EEG markers associated with increased MW-S in ADHD remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated such markers in a sample of 69 sex- and age-matched adults with ADHD and 29 controls during the Sustained Attention to Response Task. We compared task performance and EEG measures (P3, time-frequency brain-oscillations) of attentional processes between groups, and examined their association with a validated self-report questionnaire of MW-S. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that MW-S and ADHD diagnosis relate to the same cognitive-EEG impairments using a hierarchical regression model. Compared to controls, adults with ADHD showed attenuations in P3, event-related alpha and beta suppression during response inhibition (No-Go trials), and theta power activations during response execution (Go trials), as well as increased reaction time variability and more commission/omission errors. MW-S was also continuously associated with most cognitive-EEG measures related to ADHD. The hierarchical regressions on measures associated with both ADHD diagnosis and MW-S showed that MW-S did not explain additional variance in the cognitive-EEG markers (except for beta suppression) beyond ADHD diagnosis, and vice versa. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that ADHD diagnosis and MW-S share common neural deficits, and that MW-S may reflect a core symptom of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Bozhilova
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth Cooper
- Newham Centre for Mental Health, Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 9002/4, United States.
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7
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Vainieri I, Adamo N, Michelini G, Kitsune V, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Attention regulation in women with ADHD and women with bipolar disorder: An ex-Gaussian approach. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112729. [PMID: 31843208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) show certain overlapping features, such as increased reaction time variability. Here, we tested whether more detailed ex-Gaussian reaction time distribution measures identify shared or disorder-specific impairments in ADHD and BD. The total assessed sample consisted of 60 women (20 each in ADHD, BD and control groups). We compared the groups on ex-Gaussian measures of mu, sigma, and tau from a flanker task (congruent and incongruent conditions), an oddball task, and a four-choice reaction time task (baseline and fast-incentive conditions of the `fast task'). The ex-Gaussian measures mu and sigma reflect the speed and variability of typical responses, while tau captures variability in infrequent slow responses. Compared to controls, both ADHD and BD groups showed significantly increased tau in the fast task baseline condition. Participants with BD further showed a significantly increased sigma compared to ADHD and control groups in the flanker task incongruent condition. Our findings indicate that the ex-Gaussian approach is informative in detecting shared and disorder-specific cognitive impairments in ADHD and BD that may represent objective markers of these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Vainieri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicoletta Adamo
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Viryanaga Kitsune
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Sidlauskaite J, Dhar M, Sonuga-Barke E, Wiersema JR. Altered proactive control in adults with ADHD: Evidence from event-related potentials during cued task switching. Neuropsychologia 2019; 138:107330. [PMID: 31887312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control has two distinct modes - proactive and reactive (Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 105-112). ADHD has been associated with cognitive control impairments. However, studies have mainly focused on reactive control and not proactive control. Here we investigated neural correlates of proactive and reactive cognitive control in a group of adults with ADHD versus healthy controls by employing a cued switching task while cue informativeness was manipulated and EEG recorded. On the performance level, only a trend to generally slower responding was found in the ADHD group. Cue-locked analyses revealed an attenuated informative-positivity - a differential component appearing when contrasting informative with non-informative alerting cues - and potentially altered lateralisation of the switch-positivity - evident in the contrast between switch and repeat trials for informative cues - in ADHD. No difference in target-locked activity was found. Our results indicate altered proactive rather than reactive control in adults with ADHD, evidenced by less use of cued advance information and abnormal preparatory processes for upcoming tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Sidlauskaite
- Motor Control and Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Leuven University, Belgium.
| | - Monica Dhar
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Belgium; Clinical and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Ghent University, Belgium
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9
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Lau-Zhu A, Tye C, Rijsdijk F, McLoughlin G. No evidence of associations between ADHD and event-related brain potentials from a continuous performance task in a population-based sample of adolescent twins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223460. [PMID: 31584981 PMCID: PMC6777760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated key event-related brain potential markers (ERPs) derived from a flanked continuous performance task (CPT) and whether these would show phenotypic associations with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) in a population-based sample. We further explored whether there was preliminary evidence that such ERPs could also index genetic risk for ADHD (depending on finding phenotypic associations). Sixty-seven male-only twin pairs (N = 134; aged 12–15) from a subsample of the Twins’ Early Development Study, concordant and discordant for ADHD symptoms, performed the flanked CPT (or CPT-OX) while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. ERPs were obtained for cue (P3, CNV or contingency negative variation), go (P3, N2) and nogo trials (P3, N2). We found no phenotypic associations between CPT-derived ERPs and ADHD—the sizes of the estimated phenotypic correlations were nonsignificant and very small (r’s = -.11 to .04). Twin-model fitting analyses using structural equation modelling provided preliminary evidence that some of the ERPs were heritable (with the most robust effect for go-P3 latency), but there was limited evidence of any genetic associations between ERPs and ADHD, although with the caveat that our sample was small and hence had limited power. Overall, unlike in previous research, there was no evidence of phenotypic (nor preliminary evidence for genetic) associations between ADHD and CPT-derived ERPs in this study. Hence, it may be currently premature for genetic analyses of ADHD to be guided by CPT-derived ERP parameters (unlike alternative cognitive-neurophysiological approaches which may be more promising). Further research with better-powered, population-based, genetically-informative and cross-disorder samples are required, which could be facilitated by emerging mobile EEG technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lau-Zhu
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Centre for Psychiatry, Brain Sciences Division, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Frühling Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Grainne McLoughlin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom
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10
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Rommel AS, James SN, McLoughlin G, Michelini G, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Impairments in error processing and their association with ADHD symptoms in individuals born preterm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214864. [PMID: 30973908 PMCID: PMC6459538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with heightened risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms and neurocognitive impairments, including impairments in performance monitoring. Here, we investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological processes from a performance-monitoring task in preterm-born adolescents and examine whether these processes in preterm-born adolescents reflect identical neurophysiological impairments to those observed in term-born adolescents with ADHD. We compared 186 preterm-born individuals to 69 term-born individuals with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive-performance measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN, Pe) from a flanker task. Preterm-born adolescents demonstrated reduced N2, ERN and Pe amplitudes, compared to controls, and similar ERN and Pe impairments to term-born adolescents with ADHD. While ADHD symptoms correlated with ERN amplitude at FCz among the preterm-born, ERN amplitude at Fz, N2 and Pe amplitude were not associated with ADHD symptoms. Preterm-born individuals show impairments on neurophysiological indices of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN and Pe). Early neurophysiological error processing may be a marker underlying the processes linked to the increased risk for ADHD among preterm-born individuals. Error detection processes are malleable and potential targets for non-pharmacological interventions. Preterm-born individuals are likely to benefit from early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophie Rommel
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah-Naomi James
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Du Rietz E, Barker AR, Michelini G, Rommel AS, Vainieri I, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Beneficial effects of acute high-intensity exercise on electrophysiological indices of attention processes in young adult men. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:474-484. [PMID: 30465815 PMCID: PMC6320386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity exercise improved brain measures of attention processes. Fitness and physical activity level were not related to degree of improvement. We found no effects of exercise on subsequent Flanker and Reaction-time tasks.
Background Emerging research suggests that a single bout of aerobic exercise can improve cognition, brain function and psychological health. Our aim was to examine the effects of high-intensity exercise on cognitive-performance and brain measures of attention, inhibition and performance-monitoring across a test-battery of three cognitive tasks. Method Using a randomised cross-over design, 29 young men completed three successive cognitive tasks (Cued Continuous Performance Task [CPT-OX]; Eriksen Flanker Task; four-choice reaction-time task [Fast Task]) with simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording before and after a 20-min high-intensity cycling exercise and resting control session. Cognitive-performance measures, EEG power and event-related potential measures, were obtained during the tasks. Random-intercept linear models were used to investigate the effects of exercise, compared to rest, on outcomes. Results A single bout of exercise significantly (p < 0.05) increased the amplitude of the event-related potential Go P3, but had no effect on the contingent negative variation (CNV), Cue P3 or NoGo P3, during the CPT-OX. Delta power, recorded during the CPT-OX, also significantly increased after exercise, whereas there was no effect on cognitive-performance in this task. Exercise did not influence any cognitive-performance or brain measures in the subsequent Flanker or Fast Tasks. Conclusion Acute high-intensity exercise improves brain-indices reflecting executive and sustained attention during task performance (Go P3 and delta activity), in the CPT-OX, but not anticipatory attention (Cue P3 and CNV) or response inhibition (NoGo P3) in young-adult men. Exercise had no effect on cognitive-performance or brain measures in the subsequent Flanker and Fast tasks, which may potentially be explained by the time delay after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Du Rietz
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, EX1 2LU, Exeter, UK.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Anna-Sophie Rommel
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Psychiatry New York NY USA.
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
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12
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Franke B, Michelini G, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bilbow A, Buitelaar JK, Cormand B, Faraone SV, Ginsberg Y, Haavik J, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Lesch KP, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Réthelyi JM, Ribases M, Reif A. Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1059-1088. [PMID: 30195575 PMCID: PMC6379245 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Bilbow
- Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service (ADDISS), Edgware, UK; ADHD-Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, New York, USA; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ylva Ginsberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - János M Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE NAP-B Molecular Psychiatry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marta Ribases
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Morsel AM, Morrens M, Dhar M, Sabbe B. Systematic review of cognitive event related potentials in euthymic bipolar disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1854-1865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Bozhilova NS, Michelini G, Kuntsi J, Asherson P. Mind wandering perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:464-476. [PMID: 30036553 PMCID: PMC6525148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a range of mental health, neurocognitive and functional problems. Although the diagnosis is based on descriptions of behaviour, individuals with ADHD characteristically describe excessive spontaneous mind wandering (MW). MW in individuals with ADHD reflects constant mental activity which lacks topic stability and content consistency. Based on this review of the neural correlates of ADHD and MW, we outline a new perspective on ADHD: the MW hypothesis. We propose that altered deactivation of the default mode network, and dysfunctional interaction with the executive control network, leads to excessive and spontaneous MW, which underpins symptoms and impairments of ADHD. We highlight that processes linked to the normal neural regulation of MW (context regulation, sensory decoupling, salience thresholds) are deficient in ADHD. MW-related measures could serve as markers of the disease process, as MW can be experimentally manipulated, as well as measured using rating scales, and experience sampling during both cognitive tasks and daily life. MW may therefore be a potential endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali S Bozhilova
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Asherson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Denmark Hill, De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
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15
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Yep R, Soncin S, Brien DC, Coe BC, Marin A, Munoz DP. Using an emotional saccade task to characterize executive functioning and emotion processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Brain Cogn 2018; 124:1-13. [PMID: 29698907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite distinct diagnostic criteria, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) share cognitive and emotion processing deficits that complicate diagnoses. The goal of this study was to use an emotional saccade task to characterize executive functioning and emotion processing in adult ADHD and BD. Participants (21 control, 20 ADHD, 20 BD) performed an interleaved pro/antisaccade task (look toward vs. look away from a visual target, respectively) in which the sex of emotional face stimuli acted as the cue to perform either the pro- or antisaccade. Both patient groups made more direction (erroneous prosaccades on antisaccade trials) and anticipatory (saccades made before cue processing) errors than controls. Controls exhibited lower microsaccade rates preceding correct anti- vs. prosaccade initiation, but this task-related modulation was absent in both patient groups. Regarding emotion processing, the ADHD group performed worse than controls on neutral face trials, while the BD group performed worse than controls on trials presenting faces of all valence. These findings support the role of fronto-striatal circuitry in mediating response inhibition deficits in both ADHD and BD, and suggest that such deficits are exacerbated in BD during emotion processing, presumably via dysregulated limbic system circuitry involving the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yep
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Stephen Soncin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Donald C Brien
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C Coe
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alina Marin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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16
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Michelini G, Kitsune V, Vainieri I, Hosang GM, Brandeis D, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Shared and Disorder-Specific Event-Related Brain Oscillatory Markers of Attentional Dysfunction in ADHD and Bipolar Disorder. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:672-689. [PMID: 29417321 PMCID: PMC5999167 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) often present with overlapping symptoms and cognitive impairments, such as increased fluctuations in attentional performance measured by increased reaction-time variability (RTV). We previously provided initial evidence of shared and distinct event-related potential (ERP) impairments in ADHD and BD in a direct electrophysiological comparison, but no study to date has compared neural mechanisms underlying attentional impairments with finer-grained brain oscillatory markers. Here, we aimed to compare the neural underpinnings of impaired attentional processes in ADHD and BD, by examining event-related brain oscillations during a reaction-time task under slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions. We measured cognitive performance, ERPs and brain-oscillatory modulations of power and phase variability in 20 women with ADHD, 20 women with BD (currently euthymic) and 20 control women. Compared to controls, both ADHD and BD groups showed increased RTV in the baseline condition and increased RTV, theta phase variability and lower contingent negative variation in the fast-incentive condition. Unlike controls, neither clinical group showed an improvement from the slow-unrewarded baseline to the fast-incentive condition in attentional P3 amplitude or alpha power suppression. Most impairments did not differ between the disorders, as only an adjustment in beta suppression between conditions (lower in the ADHD group) distinguished between the clinical groups. These findings suggest shared impairments in women with ADHD and BD in cognitive and neural variability, preparatory activity and inability to adjust attention allocation and activation. These overlapping impairments may represent shared neurobiological mechanisms of attentional dysfunction in ADHD and BD, and potentially underlie common symptoms in both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Viryanaga Kitsune
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Asherson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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17
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Rommel AS, James SN, McLoughlin G, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Asherson P, Kuntsi J. Association of Preterm Birth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Like and Wider-Ranging Neurophysiological Impairments of Attention and Inhibition. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:40-50. [PMID: 27993227 PMCID: PMC5196005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm birth has been associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms and cognitive impairments similar to those seen in ADHD, including attention and inhibitory control difficulties. Yet data on direct comparisons across ADHD and preterm birth on cognitive-neurophysiological measures are limited. METHOD We directly compared 186 preterm-born adolescents to 69 term-born adolescents with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive-performance and event-related potential measures associated with attentional and inhibitory processing from a cued continuous performance test (CPT-OX), which we have previously shown to discriminate between the adolescents with ADHD and controls. We aimed to elucidate whether the ADHD-like symptoms and cognitive impairments in preterm-born individuals reflect identical cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in term-born individuals with ADHD. RESULTS Go-P3 amplitude was reduced, reflecting impaired executive response control, in preterm-born adolescents compared to both controls and adolescents with ADHD. Moreover, in preterm-born adolescents, as in term-born adolescents with ADHD, contingent negative variation amplitude was attenuated, reflecting impairments in response preparation compared to controls. Although the ADHD group showed significantly increased NoGo-P3 amplitude at FCz compared to preterm group, at Cz preterm-born adolescents demonstrated significantly decreased NoGo-P3 amplitude compared to the control group, similar to term-born adolescents with ADHD. CONCLUSION These findings indicate impairments in response preparation, executive response control, and response inhibition in preterm-born adolescents. Although the response preparation and response inhibition impairments found in preterm-born adolescents overlap with those found in term-born adolescents with ADHD, the preterm group also shows unique impairments, suggesting more wide-ranging impairments in the preterm group compared to the ADHD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sophie Rommel
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Naomi James
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; the Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Asherson
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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18
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Morsel AM, Dhar M, Hulstijn W, Temmerman A, Morrens M, Sabbe B. Inhibitory control in euthymic bipolar disorder: Event related potentials during a Go/NoGo task. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 128:520-528. [PMID: 28222346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are reported to have difficulties with inhibition, even in a euthymic state. However, the literature on cortical activity associated with response inhibition in BD remains ambiguous. This study investigates inhibition in euthymic BD using electrophysiological measures, while controlling for effects of specific medications. METHODS Twenty patients with BD were compared with eighteen healthy controls on a Go/NoGo task while electroencephalogram was recorded. Behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measurements were analyzed for the two groups. Medication effects were controlled for in the analysis. RESULTS Patients with BD had marginally reduced NoGo N2 amplitudes and increased NoGo P3 amplitudes compared with healthy controls when patients using benzodiazepines were excluded from the study. No behavioral differences between the groups were found. CONCLUSIONS Reduced NoGo N2 amplitudes in BD reflect aberrant conflict detection, an early stage of the inhibition process. In addition, increased NoGo P3 amplitudes in BD despite normal task performance reflect an overactive cortical system during a simple inhibition task. SIGNIFICANCE Difficulties in early stages of inhibition in BD appear to have been compensated by increased cortical activation. This study extends current knowledge regarding cortical activations relating to inhibition in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Morsel
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - M Dhar
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Hulstijn
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (NICI), Radboud University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Temmerman
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Hospital Brothers Alexians, Provinciesteenweg 408, B-2530 Boechout, Belgium
| | - B Sabbe
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Hospital St Norbertus, Stationsstraat 22c, B-2570 Duffel, Belgium
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19
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Commonalities in EEG Spectral Power Abnormalities Between Women With ADHD and Women With Bipolar Disorder During Rest and Cognitive Performance. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:856-866. [PMID: 27464584 PMCID: PMC5054048 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) denote distinct psychiatric conditions, diagnostic delineation is impeded by considerable symptomatic overlap. Direct comparisons across ADHD and BD on neurophysiological measures are limited. They could inform us on impairments that are specific to or shared between the disorders and, therefore, potential biomarkers that may aid in the identification of the diagnostic boundaries. Our aim was to test whether quantitative EEG (QEEG) identifies differences or similarities between women with ADHD and women with BD during resting-state and task conditions. QEEG activity was directly compared between 20 ADHD, 20 BD and 20 control women during an eyes-open resting-state condition (EO) and a cued continuous performance task (CPT-OX). Both ADHD (t38 = 2.50, p = 0.017) and BD (t38 = 2.54, p = 0.018) participants showed higher absolute theta power during EO than controls. No significant differences emerged between the two clinical groups. While control participants showed a task-related increase in absolute theta power from EO to CPT-OX (t19 = −3.77, p = 0.001), no such change in absolute theta power was observed in the ADHD (t19 = −0.605, p = 0.553) or BD (t19 = 1.82, p = 0.084) groups. Our results provide evidence for commonalities in brain dysfunction between ADHD and BD. Absolute theta power may play a role as a marker of neurobiological processes in both disorders.
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20
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ERP Correlates of Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control in Treatment-Naïve Adult ADHD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159833. [PMID: 27448275 PMCID: PMC4957760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether treatment naïve adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; n = 33; 19 female) differed from healthy controls (n = 31; 17 female) in behavioral performance, event-related potential (ERP) indices of preparatory attention (CueP3 and late CNV), and reactive response control (Go P3, NoGo N2, and NoGo P3) derived from a visual cued Go/NoGo task. On several critical measures, Cue P3, late CNV, and NoGo N2, there were no significant differences between the groups. This indicated normal preparatory processes and conflict monitoring in ADHD patients. However, the patients had attenuated Go P3 and NoGoP3 amplitudes relative to controls, suggesting reduced allocation of attentional resources to processes involved in response control. The patients also had a higher rate of Go signal omission errors, but no other performance decrements compared with controls. Reduced Go P3 and NoGo P3 amplitudes were associated with poorer task performance, particularly in the ADHD group. Notably, the ERPs were not associated with self-reported mood or anxiety. The results provide electrophysiological evidence for reduced effortful engagement of attentional resources to both Go and NoGo signals when reactive response control is needed. The absence of group differences in ERP components indexing proactive control points to impairments in specific aspects of cognitive processes in an untreated adult ADHD cohort. The associations between ERPs and task performance provided additional support for the altered electrophysiological responses.
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