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Li Z, Tong G, Wang Y, Ruan H, Zheng Z, Cheng J, Wang Z. Task fMRI studies investigating inhibitory control in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders: A comparative meta-analysis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:26-42. [PMID: 37640027 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2251057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs) share similarities in terms of clinical characteristics and deficits in inhibitory control. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether inhibitory control could serve as a common behavioural phenotype between OCD and EDs and whether it might be underpinned by shared and/or distinct neural signatures. METHOD We performed a quantitative meta-analysis of brain function abnormalities during the inhibitory control task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scan across patients with OCD and EDs using seed-based d mapping (SDM). RESULTS The meta-analysis included sixteen OCD fMRI studies and ten EDs fMRI studies. And findings revealed that patients with OCD showed hypoactivation relative to healthy controls and patients with EDs in the anterior cingulate cortex, while compared to healthy controls and patients with OCD, patients with EDs showed hypoactivation in the right insula. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OCD and EDs are inclined to exhibit impaired inhibitory control, which may be attributed to different abnormal patterns of neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqin Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geya Tong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyang Ruan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zifeng Zheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayue Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yan H, Zhang Y, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Xie G, Li P, Guo W. Altered interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and its potential in therapeutic response prediction. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102. [PMID: 38284840 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The trajectory of voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) after medical treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its value in prediction of treatment response remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD, as well as biomarkers for prediction of pharmacological efficacy. Medication-free patients with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were scanned again after a 4-week treatment with paroxetine. The acquired data were subjected to VMHC, support vector regression (SVR), and correlation analyses. Compared with HCs (36 subjects), patients with OCD (34 subjects after excluding two subjects with excessive head movement) exhibited significantly lower VMHC in the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL), postcentral gyrus, and calcarine cortex, and VMHC in the postcentral gyrus was positively correlated with cognitive function. After treatment, the patients showed increased VMHC in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) with the improvement of symptoms. SVR results showed that VMHC in the postcentral gyrus at baseline could aid to predict a change in the scores of OCD scales. This study revealed that SPL, postcentral gyrus, and calcarine cortex participate in the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD while PCC/PCu participate in the pharmacological mechanism. VMHC in the postcentral gyrus is a potential predictive biomarker of the treatment effects in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Cognitive Neuroscience of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:53-67. [PMID: 36740355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscientific research has the ability to yield important insights into the complex neurobiological processes underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This article provides an updated review of neuroimaging studies in seven neurocognitive domains. Findings from the literature are discussed in the context of obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and treatment. Expanding our knowledge of the neural mechanisms involved in OCD could help optimize treatment outcomes and guide the development of novel interventions.
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Funch Uhre V, Melissa Larsen K, Marc Herz D, Baaré W, Katrine Pagsberg A, Roman Siebner H. Inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 36:103268. [PMID: 36451370 PMCID: PMC9723317 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) often show deficits in inhibitory control, which may underlie poor control over obsessions and compulsions. Several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments utilizing a variety of tasks have investigated the neural correlates of inhibitory control in OCD. Evidence from existing meta-analyses suggests aberrant activation of regions in fronto-striatal circuits during inhibitory control. However, new fMRI articles have since been published, and a more rigorous methodology for neuroimaging meta-analyses is now available. OBJECTIVES First, to reevaluate the evidence for abnormal brain activation during performance of inhibitory control tasks in OCD while adhering to current best practices for meta-analyses, and second, to extend previous findings by separately assessing different subprocesses of inhibitory control. METHOD We systematically searched Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and the functional BrainMap database for fMRI articles that compared activation during performance of inhibitory control tasks in patients with OCD and healthy control (HC) subjects. Thirty-five experiments from 21 articles met our criteria for inclusion. We first performed activation-likelihood-estimation meta-analyses to elucidate brain areas in which case-control activation differences converged across articles and tasks. We then aimed to extend previous work by separately evaluating experiments requiring inhibition of a prepotent response without execution of an alternative response (i.e., response inhibition) and experiments requiring inhibition of a prepotent response and execution of an alternative response (i.e., cognitive inhibition). RESULTS The 35 experiments included a total of 394 patients and 410 controls. We did not find evidence of abnormal brain activation in OCD during inhibitory control when pooling data from all experiments. Analysis restricted to cognitive inhibition experiments showed abnormal activation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; P = .04, cluster-level familywise error-corrected, cluster volume of 824 mm3). We did not have sufficient data to evaluate response inhibition experiments separately. CONCLUSION Findings of abnormal brain activation in OCD from different inhibitory control tasks do not appear to converge on the same brain regions, but the dACC may be implicated in abnormal cognitive inhibition. Our findings highlight a need for experiments that specifically target subprocesses of inhibitory control to achieve a more differentiated understanding of the neural correlates for impaired inhibitory control in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Funch Uhre
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark,Corresponding author at: Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), section 714, Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital – Amager and Hvidovre, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Kit Melissa Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark
| | - Damian Marc Herz
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK,Department of Neurology, Section Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - William Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, Denmark
| | - Hartwig Roman Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wu X, Yu G, Zhang K, Feng J, Zhang J, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW. Symptom-Based Profiling and Multimodal Neuroimaging of a Large Preteenage Population Identifies Distinct Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-like Subtypes With Neurocognitive Differences. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1078-1089. [PMID: 34224907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by both internalizing (anxiety) and externalizing (compulsivity) symptoms. Currently, little is known about their interrelationships and their relative contributions to disease heterogeneity. Our goal is to resolve affective and cognitive symptom heterogeneity related to internalized and externalized symptom dimensions by determining subtypes of children with OCD symptoms, and to identify any corresponding neural differences. METHODS A total of 1269 children with OCD symptoms screened using the Child Behavior Checklist Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom scale and 3987 matched control subjects were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Consensus hierarchical clustering was used to cluster children with OCD symptoms into distinct subtypes. Ten neurocognitive task scores and 20 Child Behavior Checklist syndrome scales were used to characterize cognitive/behavioral differences. Gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy of major white matter fiber tracts, and functional connectivity among networks were used in case-control studies. RESULTS We identified two subgroups with contrasting patterns in internalized and externalized dimensions. Group 1 showed compulsive thoughts and repeated acts but relatively low anxiety symptoms, whereas group 2 exhibited higher anxiety and perfectionism and relatively low repetitive behavior. Only group 1 had significant cognitive impairments and gray matter volume reductions in the bilateral inferior parietal lobe, precentral gyrus, and precuneus gyrus, and had white matter tract fractional anisotropy reductions in the corticostriatal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS Children with OCD symptoms are heterogeneous at the level of symptom clustering and its underlying neural basis. Two subgroups represent distinct patterns of externalizing and internalizing symptoms, suggesting that anxiety is not its major predisposing factor. These results may have implications for the nosology and treatment of preteenage OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gechang Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Yan H, Shan X, Li H, Liu F, Guo W. Abnormal spontaneous neural activity as a potential predictor of early treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:27-36. [PMID: 35472471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the value of early improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) along with potential imaging changes after treatment with paroxetine in building diagnostic models and predicting treatment response. METHODS The clinical symptoms of patients with OCD were assessed at baseline and post-treatment (four weeks). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, fractional amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) indicator, support vector machine (SVM), support vector regression (SVR), and correlation analysis were performed to acquire and analyze the data. RESULTS In comparison with healthy controls, OCD patients at baseline had abnormal fALFF in several brain regions. The abnormal fALFF in the left precuneus/ posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (r = -0.526, p = 0.001) and right middle cingulate cortex (MCC) (r = -0.588, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with the severity of compulsions. Patients with OCD showed significantly clinical improvement along with significantly decreased fALFF in the left precuneus after treatment. The SVM analysis showed that the classifier had an accuracy of 90.00% based on the fALFF in the right precentral gyrus and right MCC at baseline. The SVR analysis showed that the actual remission of OCD was positively correlated with the predicted remission based on the fALFF in the left precuneus/PCC and right MCC at baseline. LIMITATIONS This monocentric study with the relatively small sample size might restrict the generalizability of the results to other centers. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal spontaneous neural activities in patients with OCD could serve as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of early treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China.
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7
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Li X, Li H, Cao L, Liu J, Xing H, Huang X, Gong Q. Application of graph theory across multiple frequency bands in drug-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder with no comorbidity. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 150:272-278. [PMID: 35427825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, graph theoretical analysis based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has provided a means of investigating the complex brain connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. However, these studies have been restricted to spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals with frequency bands between 0.01 and 0.08 Hz, and the parameters from graph theory across multiple frequency bands have seldom been studied. Here, we calculated global metrics (small-worldness, global efficiency and modularity) and nodal metrics (degree centrality, betweenness centrality, nodal clustering coefficient and shortest path) at four different frequency bands (slow-2 (0.199-0.25 Hz), slow-3 (0.074-0.198 Hz), slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) and slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), from 0.01 to 0.25 Hz) in seventy-three OCD patients and ninety healthy controls. The analyses were also calculated in traditional low-frequency bands (0.01-0.08 Hz) for reference. For the global metrics, the OCD patients showed increased small-worldness and modularity only in the slow-3 band. For the local metrics, we observed a frequency-dependent characteristic, with the main significant differences in regions including the right precentral gyrus, occipital region, right anterior cingulum cortex and fusiform cortex. Our results suggested frequency-specific abnormalities of the brain connectome in OCD and the future studies may need to consider different frequency bands when measuring spontaneous activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haoyang Xing
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
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8
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Thomas KS, Birch RE, Jones CRG, Vanderwert RE. Neural Correlates of Executive Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:841633. [PMID: 35693540 PMCID: PMC9179647 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.841633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are commonly reported to co-occur and present with overlapping symptomatology. Executive functioning difficulties have been implicated in both mental health conditions. However, studies directly comparing these functions in AN and OCD are extremely limited. This review provides a synthesis of behavioral and neuroimaging research examining executive functioning in AN and OCD to bridge this gap in knowledge. We outline the similarities and differences in behavioral and neuroimaging findings between AN and OCD, focusing on set shifting, working memory, response inhibition, and response monitoring. This review aims to facilitate understanding of transdiagnostic correlates of executive functioning and highlights important considerations for future research. We also discuss the importance of examining both behavioral and neural markers when studying transdiagnostic correlates of executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai S. Thomas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Catherine R. G. Jones
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ross E. Vanderwert
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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9
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Shan HD, Liu YF, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Wang YM, Cheung EF, Chan RC, Wang Z. Distinct clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with cortical thickness alteration. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:186-196. [PMID: 33951944 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211009623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although brain structural changes have been reported in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), results from previous studies have been inconsistent. A growing number of studies have focused on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity which could be involved in the occurrence and maintenance of OCD symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether there are distinct brain structural changes in patients with different OCD subgroups. METHODS Eighty-nine patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls were recruited to undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. OCD patients were classified into subgroups according to scores of the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) using cluster analysis. Group comparisons in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between all OCD patients and healthy controls, as well as between subgroups of OCD patients and healthy controls, were carried out. RESULTS OCD patients with more obsessive beliefs and attentional impulsivity (OCD_OB_AT) had reduced cortical thickness at the inferior parietal gyrus, the superior and middle temporal gyrus and the insula compared with OCD patients with higher score on the non-planning impulsivity (OCD_NP, corrected p < 0.05). The whole group of OCD patients and both subgroups showed reduced cortical thickness at the superior parietal gyrus compared with controls (uncorrected p < 0.01, number of vertices > 100). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that apart from distinct phenomenology, there are distinct neural correlates of different OCD subgroups based on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity. These neural correlates may have clinical significance and should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-di Shan
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Fei Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric F Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
| | - Raymond C Chan
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Yacou MA, Chowdury A, Easter P, Hanna GL, Rosenberg DR, Diwadkar VA. Sustained attention induces altered effective connectivity of the ascending thalamo-cortical relay in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869106. [PMID: 36032258 PMCID: PMC9402224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal function of the thalamo-cortical relay is considered a hallmark of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and aberrant network interactions may underpin many of the clinical and cognitive symptoms that characterize the disorder. Several statistical approaches have been applied to in vivo fMRI data to support the general loss of thalamo-cortical connectivity in OCD. However, (a) few studies have assessed the contextual constraints under which abnormal network interactions arise or (b) have used methods of effective connectivity to understand abnormal network interactions. Effective connectivity is a particularly valuable method as it describes the putative causal influences that brain regions exert over each other, as opposed to the largely statistical consistencies captured in functional connectivity techniques. Here, using dynamic causal modeling (DCM), we evaluated how attention demand induced inter-group differences (HC ≠ OCD) in effective connectivity within a motivated thalamo-cortical network. Of interest was whether these effects were observed on the ascending thalamo-cortical relay, essential for the sensory innervation of the cortex. fMRI time series data from sixty-two participants (OCD, 30; HC, 32) collected using an established sustained attention task were submitted to a space of 162 competing models. Across the space, models distinguished between competing hypotheses of thalamo-cortical interactions. Bayesian model selection (BMS) identified marginally differing likely generative model architectures in OCD and HC groups. Bayesian model averaging (BMA), was used to weight connectivity parameter estimates across all models, with each parameter weighted by each model's posterior probability, thus providing more stable estimates of effective connectivity. Inferential statistical analyses of estimated parameters revealed two principal results: (1) Significantly reduced intrinsic connectivity of the V1 → SPC pathway in OCD, suggested connective weakness in the early constituents of the dorsal visual pathway; (2) More pertinent with the discovery possibilities afforded by DCM, sustained attention in OCD patients induced significantly reduced contextual modulation of the ascending relay from the thalamus to the prefrontal cortex. These results form an important complement to our understanding of the contextual bases of thalamo-cortical network deficits in OCD, emphasizing vulnerability of the ascending relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Yacou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Philip Easter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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11
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Luo Q, Liu W, Jin L, Chang C, Peng Z. Classification of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Distance Correlation on Resting-State Functional MRI Images. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:676491. [PMID: 34744676 PMCID: PMC8564498 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.676491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the Pearson correlation and partial correlation methods have been widely used in the resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) studies. However, they can only measure linear relationship, although partial correlation excludes some indirect effects. Recent distance correlation can discover both the linear and non-linear dependencies. Our goal was to use the multivariate pattern analysis to compare the ability of such three correlation methods to distinguish between the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy control subjects (HCSs), so as to find optimal correlation method. The main process includes four steps. First, the regions of interest are defined by automated anatomical labeling (AAL). Second, functional connectivity (FC) matrices are constructed by the three correlation methods. Third, the best discriminative features are selected by support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) with a stratified N-fold cross-validation strategy. Finally, these discriminative features are used to train a classifier. We had a total of 128 subjects out of which 61 subjects had OCD and 67 subjects were normal. All the three correlation methods with SVM have achieved good results, among which distance correlation is the best [accuracy = 93.01%, specificity = 89.71%, sensitivity = 95.08%, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.94], followed by Pearson correlation and partial correlation is the last. The most discriminative regions of the brain for distance correlation are right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, orbital part of left superior frontal gyrus, orbital part of right middle frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, left the supplementary motor area, and right precuneus, which are the promising biomarkers of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lili Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwen Peng
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Altered Functional Connectivity Strength at Rest in Medication-Free Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:3741104. [PMID: 34539777 PMCID: PMC8443365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3741104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies explored the whole-brain functional connectome using the degree approach in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, whether the altered degree values can be used to discriminate OCD from healthy controls (HCs) remains unclear. Methods A total of 40 medication-free patients with OCD and 38 HCs underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Data were analyzed with the degree approach and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results Patients with OCD showed increased degree values in the left thalamus and left cerebellum Crus I and decreased degree values in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right precuneus, and left postcentral gyrus. SVM classification analysis indicated that the increased degree value in the left thalamus is a marker of OCD, with an acceptable accuracy of 88.46%, sensitivity of 87.50%, and specificity of 89.47%. Conclusion Altered degree values within and outside the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuit may cocontribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. Increased degree values of the left thalamus can be used as a future marker for OCD understanding-classification.
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13
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Bowen Z, Changlian T, Qian L, Wanrong P, Huihui Y, Zhaoxia L, Feng L, Jinyu L, Xiongzhao Z, Mingtian Z. Gray Matter Abnormalities of Orbitofrontal Cortex and Striatum in Drug-Naïve Adult Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:674568. [PMID: 34168582 PMCID: PMC8217443 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined whether obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients have gray matter abnormalities in regions related to executive function, and whether such abnormalities are associated with impaired executive function. Methods: Multiple scales were administered to 27 first-episode drug-naïve OCD patients and 29 healthy controls. Comprehensive brain morphometric indicators of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and three striatum areas (caudate, putamen, and pallidum) were determined. Hemisphere lateralization index was calculated for each region of interest. Correlations between lateralization index and psychological variables were examined in OCD group. Results: The OCD group had greater local gyrification index for the right OFC and greater gray matter volumes of the bilateral putamen and left pallidum than healthy controls. They also had weaker left hemisphere superiority for local gyrification index of the OFC and gray matter volume of the putamen, but stronger left hemisphere superiority for gray matter volume of the pallidum. Patients' lateralization index for local gyrification index of the OFC correlated negatively with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Dysexecutive Questionnaire scores, respectively. Conclusion: Structural abnormalities of the bilateral putamen, left pallidum, and right OFC may underlie OCD pathology. Abnormal lateralization in OCD may contribute to the onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and impaired executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Bowen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tan Changlian
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wanrong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Huihui
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Zhaoxia
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Jinyu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Xiongzhao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong Mingtian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Dayan-Riva A, Berger A, Anholt GE. Affordances, response conflict, and enhanced-action tendencies in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an ERP study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:948-963. [PMID: 31907102 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts and/or behaviors. OCD symptoms are often triggered by external stimuli. Therefore, it has been suggested that difficulty inhibiting responses to stimuli associated with strong action tendencies may underlie symptoms. The present electrophysiological study examined whether stimuli evoking a strong automatic response are associated with enhanced action tendencies in OCD participants relative to healthy controls. METHODS The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and the N2 event-related potential (ERP) components were used as measures of action tendencies and inhibition, respectively. ERPs were recorded while 38 participants diagnosed with OCD and 38 healthy controls performed a variation of the Stroop task using colored arrows. RESULTS The OCD group presented with larger LRP amplitudes than the control group. This effect was found specifically in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found between group and congruency such that the OCD group showed a reduced N2 in the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition, whereas the control group demonstrated the opposite effect. Results support the hypothesis that OCD is characterized by stronger readiness-for-action and impaired inhibitory mechanisms, particularly when the suppression of a dominant response tendency is required. Our results were supported by source localization analyses for the LRP and N2 components. These findings were specific to OCD and not associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The present results support the notion of stronger habitual behavior and embodiment tendencies in OCD and impaired inhibitory control under conditions of conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Dayan-Riva
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrea Berger
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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15
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Abstract
In the last 20 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been extensively used to investigate system-level abnormalities in the brain of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this chapter, we start by reviewing the studies assessing regional brain differences between patients with OCD and healthy controls in task-based fMRI. Specifically, we review studies on executive functioning and emotional processing, protocols in which these patients have been described to show alterations at the behavioral level, as well as research using symptom provocation protocols. Next, we review studies on brain connectivity alterations, focusing on resting-state studies evaluating disruptions in fronto-subcortical functional connectivity and in cortical networks. Likewise, we also review research on effective connectivity, which, different from functional connectivity, allows for ascertaining the directionality of inter-regional connectivity alterations. We conclude by reviewing the most significant findings on a topic of translational impact, such as the use of different fMRI measurements to predict response across a variety of treatment approaches. Overall, results suggest that there exists a pattern of regions, involving, but not limited to, different nodes of the cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuits, showing robust evidence of functional alteration across studies, although the nature of the alterations critically depends on the specific tasks and their particular demands. Moreover, such findings have been, to date, poorly translated into clinical practice. It is suggested that this may be partially accounted for by the difficulty to integrate into a common framework results obtained under a wide variety of analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Bora E. Meta-analysis of neurocognitive deficits in unaffected relatives of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): comparison with healthy controls and patients with OCD. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1257-1266. [PMID: 32476632 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been associated with cognitive deficits, particularly with executive functions. These findings support fronto-striatal dysfunction in OCD. However, it is not certain whether these findings are trait features of OCD. In recent years, a number of studies have investigated cognitive functions in unaffected relatives of OCD (OCDrel) but the findings of these studies are contradictory. METHODS A systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed until 18 March 2019, to locate the studies comparing cognitive functions of OCDrel with healthy controls and OCD patients (OCDpt). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Current meta-analysis included 16 studies including 527 OCDrel, 445 OCDpt and 639 healthy controls. Healthy controls overperformed OCDpt in all cognitive domains (d = 0.36-0.86). OCDrel underperformed healthy controls in inhibition (d = 0.58, CI = 0.29-0.86), planning (d = 0.45, CI = 0.28-0.63), decision-making (d = 0.58, CI = 0.19-0.98). OCDrel also had small-sized deficits in set-shifting (d = 0.37, CI = 0.04-0.69) and visual memory (d = 0.28, CI = 0.08-0.49). OCDpt underperformed OCDrel in visual memory (d = 0.45, CI = 0.22-0.67) and set-shifting (d = 0.23, CI = 0.04-0.42). CONCLUSIONS Current findings suggest that abnormalities in inhibition, planning/problem solving and reward-based decision-making are shared features of OCDrel and OCDpt and might be trait markers related to vulnerability for developing OCD. Visual memory and set-shifting deficits might potentially be biomarkers of incipient illness or subthreshold OCD presentation among OCDrel. Further exploration of cognitive heterogeneity in OCDrel and investigating the effects of the subtypes of OCD in probands on cognitive impairment in OCDrel are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bora
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Medical School, Izmir35340, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir35340, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria3053, Australia
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17
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Yaxu Y, Ren Z, Ward J, Jiang Q. Atypical Brain Structures as a Function of Gray Matter Volume (GMV) and Gray Matter Density (GMD) in Young Adults Relating to Autism Spectrum Traits. Front Psychol 2020; 11:523. [PMID: 32322224 PMCID: PMC7158890 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autistic traits are those who present in the normal population with characteristics of social, communication, personality, and cognitive impairments but do not meet the clinical threshold for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most studies have focused on the abnormalities in ASD patients rather than on individuals with autistic traits. In this study, we focused on the behaviors of a large sample (N = 401) of Chinese individuals with different levels of autistic traits, measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and applied voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to determine their association to differences in brain structure. The results mainly showed that the correlation between gray matter volume (GMV) and gray matter density of the brain and the Autism Spectrum Quotient was significant in these regions: the right middle frontal gyrus, which are involved in social processing and social reasoning; the left parahippocampal gyrus, which is involved in socioemotional behaviors and unconscious relational memory encoding; and the right superior parietal lobule, which are involved in cognitive control and the ability to show attention to detail. These findings reveal that people with autistic traits in the normal population have atypical development in GMV and gray matter density, which may affect their social functioning and communication ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yaxu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiting Ren
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Qiu Jiang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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18
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Koorenhof LJ, Dommett EJ. An Investigation Into Response Inhibition in Distinct Clinical Groups Within Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 31:228-238. [PMID: 30888920 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18070166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Response inhibition has been frequently studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with mixed results. The inconsistent findings may stem in part from failure to consider the heterogeneity of the disorder. METHODS The authors examined behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) components (N2 and P3) during a simple response inhibition go/nogo task in a sample of patients with OCD (N=48) and control subjects (N=53). Comparisons in behavioral and electrophysiological measures were made between groups (OCD compared with control) and within the OCD group in terms of symptom clusters (symmetry, forbidden thoughts, and cleaning) and comorbidity status (OCD only and OCD with depression). RESULTS In the OCD group, the N2 component appeared more frontally localized compared with the control group. Participants with OCD demonstrated longer N2 latency and a larger difference in N2 between the nogo and go conditions, suggesting slower but greater conflict monitoring. P3 had a larger amplitude in the OCD group compared with the control group, indicative of greater response inhibition, but was also reduced in the nogo compared with go condition, suggesting suppressed response inhibition. No significant differences were found between symptom clusters, but patients with OCD only made more omission errors compared with patients with OCD and comorbid depression. The latter cohort also had faster P3 latencies, which, combined with the behavioral data, indicates slightly improved response inhibition when comorbid depression is found. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results, it would seem unlikely that symptom clusters have contributed to previous inconsistencies in the literature. Comorbid depression, which may have affected previous results, should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes J Koorenhof
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
| | - Eleanor J Dommett
- The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom (Koorenhof); and the Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dommett)
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19
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Picó-Pérez M, Moreira PS, de Melo Ferreira V, Radua J, Mataix-Cols D, Sousa N, Soriano-Mas C, Morgado P. Modality-specific overlaps in brain structure and function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Multimodal meta-analysis of case-control MRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:83-94. [PMID: 32006553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging research has shown that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may present brain structural and functional alterations, but the results across imaging modalities and task paradigms are difficult to reconcile. Are the same brain systems that are structurally different in OCD patients also involved in executive function and emotional processing? To answer this, we conducted separate meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry studies, executive function functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, and emotional processing fMRI studies. Next, with a multimodal approach (conjunction analysis), we identified the common alterations across meta-analyses. Patients presented increased gray matter volume and hyperactivation in the putamen, but the putamen subregions affected differed depending on the psychological process. Left posterior/dorsal putamen showed hyperactivation during executive processing tasks, while predominantly right anterior/ventral putamen showed hyperactivation during emotional processing tasks. Interestingly, age was significantly associated with increased right putamen volume. Finally, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was hyperactive in both functional domains. Our findings highlight task-specific correlates of brain structure and function in OCD and help integrate a growing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vanessa de Melo Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.
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20
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Cui G, Ou Y, Chen Y, Lv D, Jia C, Zhong Z, Yang R, Wang Y, Meng X, Cui H, Li C, Sun Z, Wang X, Guo W, Li P. Altered Global Brain Functional Connectivity in Drug-Naive Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32194450 PMCID: PMC7062961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) within discrete brain networks is involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with inconsistent results. In the present study, we investigated the FC patterns of 40 drug-naive patients with OCD and 38 healthy controls (HCs) through an unbiased voxel-wise global brain FC (GFC) analysis at rest. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD showed decreased GFC within the default mode network (DMN) (i.e., left posterior cingulate cortex/lingual gyrus) and sensorimotor network (i.e., left precentral gyrus/postcentral gyrus) and increased GFC within the executive control network (ECN) (i.e., left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal lobule). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses further indicated that the altered GFC values within the DMN, ECN, and sensorimotor network may be used as neuroimaging markers to differentiate patients with OCD from HCs. These findings indicated the aberrant FC patterns of the DMN, ECN, and sensorimotor network associated with the pathophysiology of OCD and provided new insights into the changes in brain organization function in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhui Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhong
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongsheng Cui
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chengchong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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21
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Wang YM, Cai XL, Zhang RT, Wang Y, Madsen KH, Sørensen TA, Møller A, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Searchlight classification based on Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation and functional connectivity in individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:322-334. [PMID: 31451062 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1658575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating obsessive-compulsive symptoms in subclinical populations provides a useful framework for understanding the early development of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. The present study aimed to apply searchlight classification analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to identify potential brain markers in subclinical individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. METHODS In this observational study, 40 college students with high obsessive-compulsive symptom scores and 40 with low obsessive-compulsive symptom scores were recruited from universities in China. We conducted searchlight classification and comparison analysis between the two groups based on Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation (ALFF), fraction ALFF (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity using searchlight classification. RESULTS We found that the highest accuracy rate in differentiating between the two groups was 85.00%. Significant discriminating features included the ALFF of the left medial superior frontal gyrus and the functional connectivity between the right thalamus and the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus, and the right putamen, as well as the functional connectivity between the left caudate and the right insula. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the specific and distinguishing brain functional abnormalities associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Lu Cai
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , Hvidovre , Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Thomas Alrik Sørensen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , Hong Kong , PR People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , PR People's Republic of China
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22
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Norman LJ, Taylor SF, Liu Y, Radua J, Chye Y, De Wit SJ, Huyser C, Karahanoglu FI, Luks T, Manoach D, Mathews C, Rubia K, Suo C, van den Heuvel OA, Yücel M, Fitzgerald K. Error Processing and Inhibitory Control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-analysis Using Statistical Parametric Maps. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:713-725. [PMID: 30595231 PMCID: PMC6474799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Error processing and inhibitory control enable the adjustment of behaviors to meet task demands. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies report brain activation abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during both processes. However, conclusions are limited by inconsistencies in the literature and small sample sizes. Therefore, the aim here was to perform a meta-analysis of the existing literature using unthresholded statistical maps from previous studies. METHODS A voxelwise seed-based d mapping meta-analysis was performed using t-maps from studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy control subjects (HCs) during error processing and inhibitory control. For the error processing analysis, 239 patients with OCD (120 male; 79 medicated) and 229 HCs (129 male) were included, while the inhibitory control analysis included 245 patients with OCD (120 male; 91 medicated) and 239 HCs (135 male). RESULTS Patients with OCD, relative to HCs, showed longer inhibitory control reaction time (standardized mean difference = 0.20, p = .03, 95% confidence interval = 0.016, 0.393) and more inhibitory control errors (standardized mean difference = 0.22, p = .02, 95% confidence interval = 0.039, 0.399). In the brain, patients showed hyperactivation in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and pre-supplementary motor area as well as right anterior insula/frontal operculum and anterior lateral prefrontal cortex during error processing but showed hypoactivation during inhibitory control in the rostral and ventral anterior cingulate cortices and bilateral thalamus/caudate, as well as the right anterior insula/frontal operculum, supramarginal gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex (all seed-based d mapping z value >2, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS A hyperactive error processing mechanism in conjunction with impairments in implementing inhibitory control may underlie deficits in stopping unwanted compulsive behaviors in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan F. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yann Chye
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stella J. De Wit
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Isik Karahanoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Tracy Luks
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dara Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, USA
| | - Carol Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for OCD, Anxiety and Related Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chao Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,OCD-Team, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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23
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Bu X, Hu X, Zhang L, Li B, Zhou M, Lu L, Hu X, Li H, Yang Y, Tang W, Gong Q, Huang X. Investigating the predictive value of different resting-state functional MRI parameters in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30655506 PMCID: PMC6336781 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have facilitated our understanding of OCD pathophysiology based on its intrinsic activity. However, whether the group difference derived from univariate analysis could be useful for informing the diagnosis of individual OCD patients remains unclear. We aimed to apply multivariate pattern analysis of different rs-fMRI parameters to distinguish drug-naive patients with OCD from healthy control subjects (HCS). Fifty-four drug-naive OCD patients and 54 well-matched HCS were recruited. Four different rs-fMRI parameter maps, including the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity strength (FCS), were calculated. Training of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier using rs-fMRI maps produced voxelwise discrimination maps. Overall, the classification accuracies were acceptable for the four rs-fMRI parameters. Excellent performance was achieved when ALFF maps were employed (accuracy, 95.37%, p < 0.01), good performance was achieved by using ReHo maps, weaker performance was achieved by using fALFF maps, and fair performance was achieved by using FCS maps. The brain regions showing the greatest discriminative power included the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and occipital lobes. The application of SVM to rs-fMRI features may provide potential power for OCD classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Bin Li
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Ming Zhou
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Lu Lu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Hailong Li
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fMental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- 0000 0004 1770 1022grid.412901.fHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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24
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Strang JF, Anthony LG, Yerys BE, Hardy KK, Wallace GL, Armour AC, Dudley K, Kenworthy L. The Flexibility Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Cognitive Flexibility Measure in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 47:2502-2518. [PMID: 28527097 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexibility is a key component of executive function, and is related to everyday functioning and adult outcomes. However, existing informant reports do not densely sample cognitive aspects of flexibility; the Flexibility Scale (FS) was developed to address this gap. This study investigates the validity of the FS in 221 youth with ASD and 57 typically developing children. Exploratory factor analysis indicates a five-factor scale: Routines/rituals, transitions/change, special interests, social flexibility, and generativity. The FS demonstrated convergent and divergent validity with comparative domains of function in other measures, save for the Generativity factor. The FS discriminated participants with ASD and controls. Thus, this study suggests the FS may be a viable, comprehensive measure of flexibility in everyday settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Strang
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA. .,Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA. .,Children's National Medical Center, 15245 Shady Grove Road Suite 350, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Laura G Anthony
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin E Yerys
- Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina K Hardy
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gregory L Wallace
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anna C Armour
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katerina Dudley
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren Kenworthy
- Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Children's Research Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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25
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Carlisi CO, Norman L, Murphy CM, Christakou A, Chantiluke K, Giampietro V, Simmons A, Brammer M, Murphy DG, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Disorder-Specific and Shared Brain Abnormalities During Vigilance in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:644-654. [PMID: 29167833 PMCID: PMC5685008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and share similarities across some cognitive phenotypes, including certain aspects of attention. However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have compared the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to these shared phenotypes. METHODS Age- and IQ-matched boys (11-17 years old) with ASD (n = 20), boys with OCD (n = 20), and healthy control boys (n = 20) performed a parametrically modulated psychomotor vigilance functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Brain activation and performance were compared among adolescents with OCD, adolescents with ASD, and control adolescents. RESULTS Whereas boys with ASD and OCD were not impaired on task performance, there was a significant group by attention load interaction in several brain regions. With increasing attention load, left inferior frontal cortex/insula and left inferior parietal lobe/pre/post-central gyrus were progressively less activated in boys with OCD relative to the other two groups. In addition, boys with OCD showed progressively increased activation with increasing attention load in rostromedial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex relative to boys with ASD and control boys. Shared neurofunctional abnormalities between boys with ASD and boys with OCD included increased activation with increasing attention load in cerebellum and occipital regions, possibly reflecting increased default mode network activation. CONCLUSIONS This first functional magnetic resonance imaging study to compare boys with ASD and OCD showed shared abnormalities in posterior cerebellar-occipital brain regions. However, boys with OCD showed a disorder-specific pattern of reduced activation in left inferior frontal and temporo-parietal regions but increased activation of medial frontal regions, which may potentially be related to neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive and clinical phenotypes of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina O. Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London
| | - Luke Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London
| | - Clodagh M. Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Anastasia Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kaylita Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (AS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
| | - Declan G. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | | | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience(DM-C), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London
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26
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Carlisi CO, Norman L, Murphy CM, Christakou A, Chantiluke K, Giampietro V, Simmons A, Brammer M, Murphy DG, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Comparison of neural substrates of temporal discounting between youth with autism spectrum disorder and with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2513-2527. [PMID: 28436342 PMCID: PMC5964452 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share abnormalities in hot executive functions such as reward-based decision-making, as measured in the temporal discounting task (TD). No studies, however, have directly compared these disorders to investigate common/distinct neural profiles underlying such abnormalities. We wanted to test whether reward-based decision-making is a shared transdiagnostic feature of both disorders with similar neurofunctional substrates or whether it is a shared phenotype with disorder-differential neurofunctional underpinnings. METHODS Age and IQ-matched boys with ASD (N = 20), with OCD (N = 20) and 20 healthy controls, performed an individually-adjusted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) TD task. Brain activation and performance were compared between groups. RESULTS Boys with ASD showed greater choice-impulsivity than OCD and control boys. Whole-brain between-group comparison revealed shared reductions in ASD and OCD relative to control boys for delayed-immediate choices in right ventromedial/lateral orbitofrontal cortex extending into medial/inferior prefrontal cortex, and in cerebellum, posterior cingulate and precuneus. For immediate-delayed choices, patients relative to controls showed reduced activation in anterior cingulate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex reaching into left caudate, which, at a trend level, was more decreased in ASD than OCD patients, and in bilateral temporal and inferior parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS This first fMRI comparison between youth with ASD and with OCD, using a reward-based decision-making task, shows predominantly shared neurofunctional abnormalities during TD in key ventromedial, orbital- and inferior fronto-striatal, temporo-parietal and cerebellar regions of temporal foresight and reward processing, suggesting trans-diagnostic neurofunctional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. O. Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King's College, London, UK
| | - L. Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King's College, London, UK
| | - C. M. Murphy
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King's College, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental
Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental
Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's
College, London, UK
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism
Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic
Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust,
London, UK
| | - A. Christakou
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and
Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of
Reading, Reading, UK
| | - K. Chantiluke
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King's College, London, UK
| | - V. Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's
College, London, UK
| | - A. Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's
College, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS
Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's
College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and
Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical
Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - M. Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's
College, London, UK
| | - D. G. Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental
Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental
Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's
College, London, UK
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism
Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic
Group, South London and Maudsley Foundation NHS Trust,
London, UK
| | | | - D. Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience,
Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet,
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,
King's College, London, UK
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27
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Kalanthroff E, Henik A, Simpson HB, Todder D, Anholt GE. To Do or Not to Do? Task Control Deficit in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Behav Ther 2017; 48:603-613. [PMID: 28711111 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Task control is an executive control mechanism that facilitates goal-directed task selection by suppressing irrelevant automatic "stimulus-driven" behaviors. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that less efficient task control in individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with OCD symptoms, and specifically, with the inability to inhibit unwanted behaviors in OCD. Thirty-five healthy controls, 30 participants with OCD, and 26 participants with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) completed the object-interference (OI) task to measure task control, the stop-signal task to measure response inhibition, and the arrow-flanker task to evaluate executive abilities not contingent upon task control. OCD patients, but not GAD patients or healthy controls, exhibited impaired performance on the OI task. The deficit in task control, but not in response inhibition, correlated with OCD symptom severity. We suggest that reduced task control may be one of the neurocognitive processes that underlie the inability to inhibit unwanted behaviors in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Kalanthroff
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Anxiety Disorders Clinic and the Center for OCD and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, USA.
| | - Avishai Henik
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Helen Blair Simpson
- Anxiety Disorders Clinic and the Center for OCD and Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Todder
- Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gideon E Anholt
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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28
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Carlisi CO, Norman LJ, Lukito SS, Radua J, Mataix-Cols D, Rubia K. Comparative Multimodal Meta-analysis of Structural and Functional Brain Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:83-102. [PMID: 27887721 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share inhibitory control deficits possibly underlying poor control over stereotyped and repetitive and compulsive behaviors, respectively. However, it is unclear whether these symptom profiles are mediated by common or distinct neural profiles. This comparative multimodal meta-analysis assessed shared and disorder-specific neuroanatomy and neurofunction of inhibitory functions. METHODS A comparative meta-analysis of 62 voxel-based morphometry and 26 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of inhibitory control was conducted comparing gray matter volume and activation abnormalities between patients with ASD (structural MRI: 911; fMRI: 188) and OCD (structural MRI: 928; fMRI: 247) and control subjects. Multimodal meta-analysis compared groups across voxel-based morphometry and fMRI. RESULTS Both disorders shared reduced function and structure in the rostral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate. OCD patients had a disorder-specific increase in structure and function of left basal ganglia (BG) and insula relative to control subjects and ASD patients, who had reduced right BG and insula volumes versus OCD patients. In fMRI, ASD patients showed disorder-specific reduced left dorsolateral-prefrontal activation and reduced posterior cingulate deactivation, whereas OCD patients showed temporoparietal underactivation. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal comparative meta-analysis shows shared and disorder-specific abnormalities. Whereas the rostrodorsomedial prefrontal cortex was smaller in structure and function in both disorders, this was concomitant with increased structure and function in BG and insula in OCD patients, but a reduction in ASD patients, presumably reflecting a disorder-specific frontostriatoinsular dysregulation in OCD in the form of poor frontal control over overactive BG, and a frontostriatoinsular maldevelopment in ASD with reduced structure and function in this network. Disorder-differential mechanisms appear to drive overlapping phenotypes of inhibitory control abnormalities in patients with ASD and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina O Carlisi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke J Norman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve S Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gonçalves ÓF, Batistuzzo MC, Sato JR. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1825-1834. [PMID: 28744133 PMCID: PMC5513821 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides substantial evidence of brain alterations associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms (eg, checking, cleaning/decontamination, counting compulsions; harm or sexual, symmetry/exactness obsessions), and emotional problems (eg, defensive/appetitive emotional imbalance, disgust, guilt, shame, and fear learning/extinction) and cognitive impairments associated with this disorder (eg, inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility). Building on this evidence, new clinical trials can now target specific brain regions/networks. Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) was introduced as a new therapeutic tool for the self-regulation of brain-mind. In this review, we describe initial trials testing the use of rtfMRI to target brain regions associated with specific OCD symptoms (eg, contamination), and other mind-brain processes (eg, cognitive - working memory, inhibitory control, emotional - defensive, appetitive systems, fear reduction through counter-conditioning) found impaired in OCD patients. While this is a novel topic of research, initial evidence shows the promise of using rtfMRI in training the self-regulation of brain regions and mental processes associated with OCD. Additionally, studies with healthy populations have shown that individuals can regulate brain regions associated with cognitive and emotional processes found impaired in OCD. After the initial "proof-of-concept" stage, there is a need to follow up with controlled clinical trials that could test rtfMRI innovative treatments targeting brain regions and networks associated with different OCD symptoms and cognitive-emotional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP)
| | - João R Sato
- Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition Center, Universidade Federal do ABC – UFABC, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinto D MC, Avila Campos E, Contreras JN, Bedoya L, Ulzuru A. Comparación de la respuesta inhibitoria en niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TOC y TDAH. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-5.crin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Antecedentes: Los trastornos de comportamiento tienen asociados una serie de factores que van más allá de los síntomas, entre los cuales está el funcionamiento cognoscitivo. En TOC y TDAH se han encontrado dificultades en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, siendo la inhibición de respuestas una de las fallas más consistentes en diferentes estudios.
Objetivos: Comparar la respuesta inhibitoria de niños y adolescentes diagnosticados con TDAH, TOC con población sana.
Método: Se analizaron 31 pacientes con TDAH, 31 con TOC y 66 controles a partir del Test Stroop de colores y palabras segunda edición (Golden, 1999).
Resultados: Se encuentran diferencias de los grupos clínicos con los controles; TOC vs controles (p = 0.03419), TDAH vs controles (p= 0.00244), pero no entre los grupos clínico TOC vs TDAH (p= 0.2793). Al comparar rango de edad se encuentran diferencias específicas entre los mismos grupos para los participantes entre 13-16 años (TDAH: p=0.005 y TOC: 0.018) y controles.
Conclusiones: Los resultados son coherentes con lo reportado en la literatura, respecto a la alteración del control inhibitorio de personas con TOC y TDAH. Se deben realizar análisis más amplios en otros dominios cognitivos para poder tener un perfil más claro de los aspectos comunes y diferenciables de personas con trastornos del neurodesarrollo y manifestaciones anormales de comportamiento.
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Wang X, Wang QM, Meng Z, Yin Z, Luo X, Yu D. Gait disorder as a predictor of spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2854. [PMID: 28168099 PMCID: PMC5289446 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether gait dysfunction is a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice. Methods A total of 100 12-month-old male mice that had no obvious abnormal motor ability and whose Morris water maze performances were not significantly different from those of two-month-old male mice were selected for the study. The selected aged mice were then divided into abnormal or normal gait groups according to the results from the quantitative gait assessment. Gaits of aged mice were defined as abnormal when the values of quantitative gait parameters were two standard deviations (SD) lower or higher than those of 2-month-old male mice. Gait parameters included stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed. After nine months, mice exhibiting severe spatial learning and memory impairment were separated from mice with mild or no cognitive dysfunction. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the abnormal and normal gait groups was tested by a chi-square test and the correlation between gait dysfunction and decline in cognitive function was tested using a diagnostic test. Results The 12-month-old aged mice were divided into a normal gait group (n = 75) and an abnormal gait group (n = 25). Nine months later, three mice in the normal gait group and two mice in the abnormal gait group had died. The remaining mice were subjected to the Morris water maze again, and 17 out of 23 mice in the abnormal gait group had developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment, including six with stride length deficits, 15 with coefficient of variation (CV) in stride length, two with base of support (BOS) deficits, five with cadence dysfunction, and six with average speed deficits. In contrast, only 15 out of 72 mice in the normal gait group developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment was significantly higher in the abnormal gait group as compared to that in the normal gait group (x = 21.986, P < 0.001). All five parameters used to assess gait predicted severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice (P < 0.01). However, the difference of the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for each quantitative gait parameter was not statistically significant. Conclusion Gait disorders are a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice, and stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed are all sensitive parameters for assessing gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College ,Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, the United States of America; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing M Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Harvard Medical School , Boston , the United States of America
| | - Zhaoxiang Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College ,Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhenglu Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College ,Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nan'ao People's Hospital of Shenzhen , Shenzhen , China
| | - Duonan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Non-coding RNA Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Gonçalves ÓF, Carvalho S, Leite J, Fernandes-Gonçalves A, Carracedo A, Sampaio A. Cognitive and emotional impairments in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Evidence from functional brain alterations. Porto Biomed J 2016; 1:92-105. [PMID: 32258557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a common agreement on the existence of dysfunctional cortico-striatal-thalamus-cortical pathways in OCD. Despite this consensus, recent studies showed that brain regions other than the CSTC loops are needed to understand the complexity and diversity of cognitive and emotional deficits in OCD. This review presents examples of research using functional neuroimaging, reporting abnormal brain processes in OCD that may underlie specific cognitive/executive (inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory), and emotional impairments (fear/defensive, disgust, guilt, shame). Studies during resting state conditions show that OCD patients have alterations in connectivity not only within the CSTC pathways but also in more extended resting state networks, particularly the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network. Additionally, abnormalities in brain functioning have been found in several cognitive and emotionally task conditions, namely: inhibitory control (e.g., CSTC loops, fronto-parietal networks, anterior cingulate); cognitive flexibility (e.g., CSTC loops, extended temporal, parietal, and occipital regions); working memory (e.g., CSTC loops, frontal parietal networks, dorsal anterior cingulate); fear/defensive (e.g., amygdala, additional brain regions associated with perceptual - parietal, occipital - and higher level cognitive processing - prefrontal, temporal); disgust (e.g., insula); shame (e.g., decrease activity in middle frontal gyrus and increase in frontal, limbic, temporal regions); and guilt (e.g., decrease activity anterior cingulate and increase in frontal, limbic, temporal regions). These findings may contribute to the understanding of OCD as both an emotional (i.e., anxiety) and cognitive (i.e., executive control) disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Spaulding Center of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Applied Psychology, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Spaulding Center of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Leite
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Spaulding Center of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Angel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Neuropsychophysiology Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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