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Kafadar AH, Sabatini S, Jones KA, Dening T. Categorising interventions to enhance vaccine uptake or reduce vaccine hesitancy in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00733-3. [PMID: 38960789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is one of the most important public health interventions to combat infectious disease. However, vaccine hesitancy prevents us reaching the global target of vaccine uptake (e.g., 75 % of influenza vaccination in at-risk groups). This review summarises all interventions designed to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccine uptake for all types of vaccines offered to adults (≥18 years) since 2000, in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, CINAHL EBSCO, and Scopus were searched (September 19, 2023). The PRISMA Checklist 2020 was used for quality checking. Data from randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) were analysed with a meta-analysis and narrative analysis. In all included studies, a narrative synthesis was undertaken to summarise, evaluate and characterisethe reported behaviour change interventions into four categories: organisational-level, public demand, provider-level, and multidimensional interventions. Findings are evaluated based on the MINDSPACE framework to understand the possible psychological mechanisms underpinning the interventions. FINDINGS A total of 9,842 articles were identified, 50 met the inclusion criteria. Interventions aimed to boost vaccine uptake or reduce hesitancy of influenza (50 %), COVID-19 (32 %), hepatitis B (6 %), and other vaccines. A meta-analysis was conducted for nine RCTs evaluating various interventions impact on vaccine uptake. The pooled effect was statistically significant (OR with 95 % CI = 1.23 [1.07 to 1.41]). Providing certain and understandableinformation and using a reminder system with personal messages or letters were the most frequently documented and effective interventions to enhance public demand (enhance information salience). Organisational level interventions intended to make vaccinations more accessible (e.g., providing vaccination at alternative places or times). Provider-oriented interventions encouraged healthcare workers to focus on reducing vaccine hesitancy or enhancing vaccine uptake. INTERPRETATION Among the main MINDSPACE techniques, enhancing the salience of vaccine information and priming vaccination by improving access were identified as the most applied and effective interventions in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Humeyra Kafadar
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Serena Sabatini
- Academic and Research Departments, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katy A Jones
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dening
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Limbu YB, McKinley C. Communication Strategies to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Intention: How Effective are Source, Appeal, Framing, and Evidence Type Approaches? HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38706043 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2346959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review analyzed the effectiveness of key persuasive strategies - source, appeal, framing, and evidence (SAFE) - on COVID-19 vaccination intention. Quantitative studies were searched in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed following the PRISMA guidelines. From the 61 studies that met inclusion criteria, source and framing are the most commonly applied SAFE strategies. However, source characteristics are a more consistent influence on vaccine intentions than message framing strategies, with expert sources and general practitioners emerging as the key sources contributing to greater vaccine intentions. In addition, a range of mediators and moderators influence the process through which SAFE message strategies impact vaccine intentions. Framing effects, in particular, are moderated by political identity, source characteristics, and vaccine perceptions. Tests of mediating processes highlight how health behavior judgments (e.g. perceived vaccine benefits, risks, trust in vaccination, perceived severity) and message response/perceptions (e.g. counterarguing, perceived similarity/empathy) operate as key intervening factors between SAFE message strategies and vaccine intentions. Overall, when practitioners apply various structural approaches (narrative elements, fear appeals, framing cues) to vaccine promotion campaigns, they should be cognizant of who is providing that appeal. Targeted populations may benefit most from different structural elements if they are integrated with sources that resonate with the audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B Limbu
- Department of Marketing, Feliciano School of Business, Montclair State University
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3
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Morbée S, Vansteenkiste M, Waterschoot J, Klein O, Luminet O, Schmitz M, Van den Bergh O, Van Oost P, Yzerbyt V. The Role of Communication Style and External Motivators in Predicting Vaccination Experiences and Intentions: An Experimental Vignette Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2894-2903. [PMID: 36162986 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2125012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This vignette-based study examined in a sample of unvaccinated Belgian citizens (N = 1918; Mage = 45.99) how health care workers could foster reflection about and intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19 by experimentally varying their communication style (i.e., autonomy-supportive vs. controlling) and the reference to external motivators (i.e., use of a monetary voucher or corona pass vs. the lack thereof). Each participant was randomly assigned to one of six conditions and rated a vignette in terms of anticipated autonomy satisfaction, perceived effectiveness, reflection, and vaccination intention. An autonomy-supportive, relative to a controlling, communication style predicted greater autonomy need satisfaction, which in turn related positively to perceived effectiveness, reflection, and vaccination intention. External motivators failed to generate positive effects compared to the control condition. The findings highlight the critical role of autonomy support in promoting a self-endorsed decision to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Morbée
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | | | - Joachim Waterschoot
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University
| | - Olivier Klein
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles
| | - Olivier Luminet
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Mathias Schmitz
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain
| | | | - Pascaline Van Oost
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain
| | - Vincent Yzerbyt
- Institute for Research in Psychological Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain
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Lee K, Siaw D, Ekong G. Assessing associations and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among college students in a university setting. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 37856392 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2258414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and factors related to vaccination coverage among college students in a university setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study design included undergraduate and graduate students in a university community as study participants. Survey questions assessed the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and various predictor variables related to vaccination decision-making. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation statistics, and binary logistic regression. Results: Of the 385 participants, most were undergraduate students. Participants who received the influenza vaccine in the past flu season were more likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 were five times more likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: Influenza vaccination coverage and perceived susceptibility were associated with the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Study findings may serve to inform behavior change interventions and educational programs for students in university communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitt Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Dominic Siaw
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Gladys Ekong
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
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5
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Han Q, Zheng B, Abakoumkin G, Leander NP, Stroebe W. Why some people do not get vaccinated against COVID-19: Social-cognitive determinants of vaccination behavior. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:825-845. [PMID: 36345695 PMCID: PMC9877847 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is puzzling that a sizeable percentage of people refuse to get vaccinated against COVID-19. This study aimed to examine social psychological factors influencing their vaccine hesitancy. This longitudinal study traced a cohort of 2663 individuals in 25 countries from the time before COVID-19 vaccines became available (March 2020) to July 2021, when vaccination was widely available. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine determinants of actual COVID-19 vaccination behavior by July 2021, with country-level intercept as random effect. Of the 2663 participants, 2186 (82.1%) had been vaccinated by July 2021. Participants' attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines was the strongest predictor of both vaccination intention and subsequent vaccination behavior (p < .001). Perceived risk of getting infected and perceived personal disturbance of infection were also associated with higher likelihood of getting vaccinated (p < .001). However, religiosity, right-wing political orientation, conspiracy beliefs, and low trust in government regarding COVID-19 were negative predictors of vaccination intention and behavior (p < .05). Our findings highlight the importance of attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines and also suggest that certain life-long held convictions that predate the pandemic make people distrustful of their government and likely to accept conspiracy beliefs and therefore less likely to adopt the vaccination behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Department of Social Policy and InterventionUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Bang Zheng
- Department of Non‐communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood EducationUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - N. Pontus Leander
- Department of Social and Organizational PsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Wolfgang Stroebe
- Department of Social and Organizational PsychologyUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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6
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Savla J, Roberto KA, McCann BR, Blieszner R. COVID-19 Vaccination Experiences of Family Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia in Rural Appalachia. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:821-831. [PMID: 36565159 PMCID: PMC9791073 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221147916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, and barriers among family caregivers of rural community-dwelling persons living with dementia (PLwD). Three waves of telephone interviews with 26 family caregivers (96% White, 81% Female, Mage = 63 ± 12 years) were analyzed using thematic content analysis. At Wave 3, although all dyads were eligible, only 10 dyads had received their first dose of the vaccine. In 10 dyads, neither person had received the vaccine; in2 dyads, the caregivers did but the PLwD did not; and in 4 dyads, the caregiver did not but the PLwD did. Perceived direct and indirect health risks, cues from trusted allies, and ability to overcome vaccination barriers affected COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Vaccine refusals were motivated by a low perceived risk of COVID-19, vaccine fear, and personal beliefs. Findings have implications for administration of preventative care practices for dementia family caregivers living in remote locations during a public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Savla
- Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Karen A. Roberto
- Center for Gerontology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- ISCE, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Korolchuk O, Vasiuk N, Klymkova I, Shvets D, Piddubnyi O. COVID-19 Vaccination under Conditions of War in Ukraine. Asian Bioeth Rev 2023. [PMCID: PMC10071466 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-023-00248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which spread around the world in 2020, changed the lives of millions of people and affected the life and functioning of all countries and people without exception. With the emergence of the opportunity to be vaccinated against COVID-19, the problem of making a decision about vaccination also appeared. But it has become increasingly clear that the coronavirus is moving into the group of annual viral epidemic diseases that occur every year in different countries during the seasonal wave of acute respiratory viral infections. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic against the background of the adoption of serious quarantine measures indicates the need for large-scale vaccination of the population as the most effective way to protect against COVID-19. In this article, we pay special attention to vaccination, as the main factor in ensuring health, reducing the morbidity and severity of the course of the COVID-19 disease, and an important task of the state and modern public administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Korolchuk
- grid.77512.360000 0004 0490 8008Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Physical Education, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Vasiuk
- grid.445707.50000 0001 2180 4188Department of National Economy and Public Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management, Kyiv National Economic University Named After Vadym Hetman, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Klymkova
- grid.445736.70000 0001 2180 329XDepartment of Philosophy and Social Diciplines, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Shvets
- Odesa State University of Internal Affairs, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii Piddubnyi
- grid.37677.320000 0004 0587 1016Department of Civil and Economic Law, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Akfırat S, Bayrak F, Üzümçeker E, Ergiyen T, Yurtbakan T, Uysal MS. The roles of social norms and leadership in health communication in the context of COVID-19. Soc Sci Med 2023; 323:115868. [PMID: 36963212 PMCID: PMC10030439 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The global struggle with the COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for almost three years. Although national and local leaders have often called on the public to comply with preventive measures through health communication, large sections of society sometimes violated precautions and did not adequately follow these calls. We propose that social norms and leaders' identity entrepreneurship characteristics could be essential in effective health communication. In line with this notion, we investigated the effects of social norm types and leadership on complying with preventive measures, the intention to be vaccinated, and prosocial behavioral tendency through a high-powered experiment that focused on three factors: leadership quality (presence/lack of entrepreneurship), descriptive norm (supportive/obstructive), and injunctive norm (supportive/obstructive). Results showed that when support for injunctive and descriptive norms was present, people tended to more readily adhere to preventive measures, get vaccinated, and engage in prosocial behavior. There was also a significant effect of the interaction between descriptive and injunctive norms on compliance with preventive measures. The compliance level was highest when both norm types were supportive and lowest when both were obstructive. The effect decreased in the discrepant norms condition, where one type of norm was supportive and the other obstructive. There is also a significant interaction between leadership and the descriptive norm, indicating that a combination of an entrepreneur leader and a supportive descriptive norm increases compliance with the preventive measure. We discussed the role of leadership and social norms in effective health communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Akfırat
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Psychology, Turkiye.
| | - Fatih Bayrak
- Baskent University, Department of Psychology, Turkiye
| | - Emir Üzümçeker
- Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Psychology, Turkiye
| | - Tolga Ergiyen
- Izmir University of Economics, Department of Psychology, Turkiye
| | | | - Mete Sefa Uysal
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Social Psychology, Germany
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9
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Post-truth epistemic beliefs rooted in the Dark Factor of Personality are associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination refusal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4254. [PMID: 36918522 PMCID: PMC10013296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of people refused to get vaccinated against COVID-19, which prompts the question as to why. We focus on the role of individual worldviews about the nature and generation of knowledge (epistemic beliefs). We propose a model that includes epistemic beliefs, their relationship to the Dark Factor of Personality (D), and their mutual effect on the probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19. Based on a US nationally representative sample (N = 1268), we show that stronger endorsement of post-truth epistemic beliefs was associated with a lower probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19. D was also linked to a lower probability of having been vaccinated against COVID-19, which can be explained by post-truth epistemic beliefs. Our results indicate that the more individuals deliberately refrain from adhering to the better argument, the less likely they are vaccinated. More generally, post-truth epistemic beliefs pose a challenge for rational communication.
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10
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Meng L, Masters NB, Lu PJ, Singleton JA, Kriss JL, Zhou T, Weiss D, Black CL. Cluster analysis of adults unvaccinated for COVID-19 based on behavioral and social factors, National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States. Prev Med 2023; 167:107415. [PMID: 36596324 PMCID: PMC9804852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
By the end of 2021, approximately 15% of U.S. adults remained unvaccinated against COVID-19, and vaccination initiation rates had stagnated. We used unsupervised machine learning (K-means clustering) to identify clusters of unvaccinated respondents based on Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of COVID-19 vaccination and compared these clusters to vaccinated participants to better understand social/behavioral factors of non-vaccination. The National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module collects data on U.S. adults from September 26-December 31,2021 (n = 187,756). Among all participants, 51.6% were male, with a mean age of 61 years, and the majority were non-Hispanic White (62.2%), followed by Hispanic (17.2%), Black (11.9%), and others (8.7%). K-means clustering procedure was used to classify unvaccinated participants into three clusters based on 9 survey BeSD items, including items assessing COVID-19 risk perception, social norms, vaccine confidence, and practical issues. Among unvaccinated adults (N = 23,397), 3 clusters were identified: the "Reachable" (23%), "Less reachable" (27%), and the "Least reachable" (50%). The least reachable cluster reported the lowest concern about COVID-19, mask-wearing behavior, perceived vaccine confidence, and were more likely to be male, non-Hispanic White, with no health conditions, from rural counties, have previously had COVID-19, and have not received a COVID-19 vaccine recommendation from a healthcare provider. This study identified, described, and compared the characteristics of the three unvaccinated subgroups. Public health practitioners, healthcare providers and community leaders can use these characteristics to better tailor messaging for each sub-population. Our findings may also help inform decisionmakers exploring possible policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Meng
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; General Dynamics Information Technology Inc., Falls Church, VA, United States of America.
| | - Nina B Masters
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC; Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Peng-Jun Lu
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - James A Singleton
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Kriss
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Leidos Inc., Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Debora Weiss
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response, CDC
| | - Carla L Black
- CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Mavundza EJ, Ndwandwe D, Wiysonge CS. COVID-19 vaccine demand protest might have increased vaccine acceptance and uptake in South Africa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2064691. [PMID: 35435798 PMCID: PMC9897633 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2064691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines exist, but their success against the disease depends on public willingness to receive them. Vaccine hesitancy is one major obstacle to the achievement of herd immunity. On 25 June 2021, about 2000 supporters of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) (the third biggest political party in South Africa) marched to the offices of the national regulatory authority (NRA) supporting COVID-19 vaccination and demanding approval of two additional vaccines (Sputnik V and Sinovac) in South Africa. The march was led by EFF leader, Julius Malema. By then, only three COVID-19 vaccines had received emergency use authorization in the country-the Janssen, AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNtech vaccines. It is worth noting that NRAs should only approve a vaccine if they are satisfied that its benefits outweigh any potential risks and not through political pressure. Nevertheless, we believe that this march might have increased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake among EFF supporters. The endorsement of COVID-19 vaccines by Malema, an influential political figure in South Africa, probably convinced some vaccine hesitant South Africans that COVID-19 vaccination is important. Therefore, we suggest vaccine endorsement by influential individuals in South Africa as one of the strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Johannes Mavundza
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa,CONTACT Edison Johannes Mavundza Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Shey Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Dang Q, Li S. Exploring Public Discussions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccinations on Microblogs in China: Findings from Machine Learning Algorithms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13476. [PMID: 36294061 PMCID: PMC9603472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, widespread COVID-19 vaccination is the most effective means of cutting off the spread of the novel coronavirus and establishing an immune barrier. Due to the large population base in China, it has been a very difficult task to establish such an immune barrier. Therefore, this study aims to explore the public's discussions related to COVID-19 vaccinations on microblogs and to detect their sentiments toward COVID-19 vaccination so as to improve the vaccination rate in China. This study employed machine learning methods in the field of artificial intelligence to analyze mass data obtained from SinaWeibo. A total of 1,478,875 valid microblog texts were collected between December 2020 and June 2022, the results of which indicated that: (1) overall, negative texts (38.7%) slightly outweighed positive texts (36.1%); "Good" (63%) dominated positive texts, while "disgust" (44.6%) and "fear" (35.8%) dominated negative texts; (2) six overarching themes related to COVID-19 vaccination were identified: public trust in the Chinese government, changes in daily work and study, vaccine economy, international COVID-19 vaccination, the COVID-19 vaccine's R&D, and COVID-19 vaccination for special groups. These themes and sentiments can clarify the public's reactions to COVID-19 vaccination and help Chinese officials' response to vaccine hesitancy. Furthermore, this study seeks to make up for the lack of focus on big data in public health and epidemiology research, and to provide novel insights for future studies.
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Orlandi LB, Febo V, Perdichizzi S. The role of religiosity in product and technology acceptance: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccines. TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 2022; 185:122032. [PMID: 36117496 PMCID: PMC9464621 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on religion and economic phenomena has suggested that religious attitudes are related to risk aversion. Moreover, risk attitudes play a significant role in the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations. However, the role of religiosity in technology-related phenomena is still relatively unexplored. The present study fills this gap and investigates the impact of religiosity on the acceptance of innovative technologies and products in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we frame COVID-19 vaccines as new products based on innovative production technologies and show that their acceptance by the general public is negatively associated with country-level religiosity. Furthermore, we investigate the role of religious leaders in endorsing COVID-19 vaccines to their followers. Our hypotheses are empirically tested on 1179 weekly observations of vaccination rates in 22 European countries characterised by different levels of religiosity. The results suggest that religiosity is negatively associated with vaccine rates after controlling for country-level social and economic factors. Conversely, the countries where Roman Catholics are the majority religious group display a positive association between religiosity and vaccine rates, highlighting the role of leaders in endorsing the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Febo
- EM Normandie Business School, Metis Lab, France, 30-32 Rue Henri Barbusse, 92110 Clichy, France
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Perdichizzi
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Kimhi S, Eshel Y, Marciano H, Adini B. Impact of societal resilience on vaccine hesitancy and uptake: Lessons learned from the Israeli experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 79:103181. [PMID: 35873193 PMCID: PMC9293373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy threatens COVID-19 pandemic management. Increasing vaccine uptake is important to containment of the virus, and achievement of herd immunity. OBJECTIVE To identify factors of resilience, distress, and well-being that impact vaccine hesitancy and uptake. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted during the pandemic's fourth wave. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Israeli residents (N = 2002) answered an online questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was employed regarding geographic distribution, gender, and age. As vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to the effective management of the pandemic, the outcome measures included vaccine hesitancy and uptake (dependent variables), and resilience, distress, and well-being (independent variables). RESULTS 24% of respondents reported a high level of vaccine hesitancy; 68% received 3 vaccines; 5% did not receive any vaccine. Six predictors together explained 22% of vaccine hesitancy and 15% of vaccine uptake.Path analysis indicated that: (a) Societal resilience was the best predictor of vaccine hesitancy and uptake: the higher the societal resilience, the lower vaccine hesitancy, and the higher vaccine uptake. (b) The higher sense of danger, the higher vaccine hesitancy, and the lower vaccine uptake. (c) The higher level of religiosity, the lower vaccine uptake. (d) The higher the family income, the lower level of vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that public attitudes are primarily influenced by the degree of trust in the leadership and other components of societal resilience. Further research should investigate the impact of transparency concerning COVID-19 decision-making on vaccine hesitancy and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaul Kimhi
- Multinational Resilience & Well-being Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel Hai and University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Head of the Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, Multinational Resilience & Well-being Research Center, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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South African University Staff and Students’ Perspectives, Preferences, and Drivers of Hesitancy Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines: A Multi-Methods Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081250. [PMID: 36016138 PMCID: PMC9412872 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to the success of vaccination programmes currently being implemented. Concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness and vaccine-related adverse events are potential barriers to vaccination; however, it remains unclear whether tailored messaging and vaccination programmes can influence uptake. Understanding the preferences of key groups, including students, could guide the implementation of youth-targeted COVID-19 vaccination programmes, ensuring optimal uptake. This study examined university staff and students’ perspectives, preferences, and drivers of hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines. A multi-methods approach was used—an online convenience sample survey and discrete choice experiment (DCE)—targeting staff and students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The survey and DCE were available for staff and students, and data were collected from 18 November to 24 December 2021. The survey captured demographic characteristics as well as attitudes and perspectives of COVID-19 and available vaccines using modified Likert rating questions adapted from previously used tools. The DCE was embedded within the survey tool and varied critical COVID-19 vaccine programme characteristics to calculate relative utilities (preferences) and determine trade-offs. A total of 1836 staff and students participated in the study (541 staff, 1262 students, 33 undisclosed). A total of 1145 (62%) respondents reported that they had been vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination against COVID-19 was less prevalent among students compared with staff (79% of staff vs. 57% of students). The vaccine’s effectiveness (22%), and its safety (21%), ranked as the two dominant reasons for not getting vaccinated. These concerns were also evident from the DCE, with staff and students being significantly influenced by vaccine effectiveness, with participants preferring highly effective vaccines (90% effective) as compared with those listed as being 70% or 50% effective (β = −3.72, 95% CI = −4.39 to −3.04); this characteristic had the strongest effect on preferences of any attribute. The frequency of vaccination doses was also found to have a significant effect on preferences with participants deriving less utility from choice alternatives requiring two initial vaccine doses compared with one dose (β = −1.00, 95% CI = −1.42 to −0.58) or annual boosters compared with none (β = −2.35, 95% CI = −2.85 to −1.86). Notably, an incentive of ZAR 350 (USD 23.28) did have a positive utility (β = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.76 to 1.53) as compared with no incentive. Given the slow take-up of vaccination among youth in South Africa, this study offers valuable insights into the factors that drive hesitancy among this population. Concerns have been raised around the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, although there remains a predilection for efficient services. Respondents were not enthusiastic about the prospect of having to take boosters, and this has played out in the roll-out data. Financial incentives may increase both the uptake of the initial dose of vaccines and see a more favourable response to subsequent boosters. Universities should consider tailored messaging regarding vaccine effectiveness and facilitate access to vaccines, to align services with the stated preferences of staff and students.
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Andreas M, Iannizzi C, Bohndorf E, Monsef I, Piechotta V, Meerpohl JJ, Skoetz N. Interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a scoping review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 8:CD015270. [PMID: 35920693 PMCID: PMC9347311 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are effective in preventing severe COVID-19, a disease for which few treatments are available and which can lead to disability or death. Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 may help protect those not yet able to get vaccinated. In addition, new and vaccine-resistant mutations of SARS-CoV-2 may be less likely to develop if the spread of COVID-19 is limited. Different vaccines are now widely available in many settings. However, vaccine hesitancy is a serious threat to the goal of nationwide vaccination in many countries and poses a substantial threat to population health. This scoping review maps interventions aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake and decreasing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. OBJECTIVES To scope the existing research landscape on interventions to enhance the willingness of different populations to be vaccinated against COVID-19, increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake, or decrease COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and to map the evidence according to addressed populations and intervention categories. SEARCH METHODS We searched Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded and Emerging Sources Citation Index), WHO COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease, PsycINFO, and CINAHL to 11 October 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies that assess the impact of interventions implemented to enhance the willingness of different populations to be vaccinated against COVID-19, increase vaccine uptake, or decrease COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised studies of intervention (NRSIs), observational studies and case studies with more than 100 participants. Furthermore, we included systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We did not limit the scope of the review to a specific population or to specific outcomes assessed. We excluded interventions addressing hesitancy towards vaccines for diseases other than COVID-19. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were analysed according to a protocol uploaded to the Open Science Framework. We used an interactive scoping map to visualise the results of our scoping review. We mapped the identified interventions according to pre-specified intervention categories, that were adapted to better fit the evidence. The intervention categories were: communication interventions, policy interventions, educational interventions, incentives (both financial and non-financial), interventions to improve access, and multidimensional interventions. The study outcomes were also included in the mapping. Furthermore, we mapped the country in which the study was conducted, the addressed population, and whether the design was randomised-controlled or not. MAIN RESULTS We included 96 studies in the scoping review, 35 of which are ongoing and 61 studies with published results. We did not identify any relevant systematic reviews. For an overview, please see the interactive scoping map (https://tinyurl.com/2p9jmx24) STUDIES WITH PUBLISHED RESULTS Of the 61 studies with published results, 46 studies were RCTs and 15 NRSIs. The interventions investigated in the studies were heterogeneous with most studies testing communication strategies to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Most studies assessed the willingness to get vaccinated as an outcome. The majority of studies were conducted in English-speaking high-income countries. Moreover, most studies investigated digital interventions in an online setting. Populations that were addressed were diverse. For example, studies targeted healthcare workers, ethnic minorities in the USA, students, soldiers, at-risk patients, or the general population. ONGOING STUDIES Of the 35 ongoing studies, 29 studies are RCTs and six NRSIs. Educational and communication interventions were the most used types of interventions. The majority of ongoing studies plan to assess vaccine uptake as an outcome. Again, the majority of studies are being conducted in English-speaking high-income countries. In contrast to the studies with published results, most ongoing studies will not be conducted online. Addressed populations range from minority populations in the USA to healthcare workers or students. Eleven ongoing studies have estimated completion dates in 2022. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We were able to identify and map a variety of heterogeneous interventions for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake or decreasing vaccine hesitancy. Our results demonstrate that this is an active field of research with 61 published studies and 35 studies still ongoing. This review gives a comprehensive overview of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and can be the foundation for subsequent systematic reviews on the effectiveness of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A research gap was shown for studies conducted in low and middle-income countries and studies investigating policy interventions and improved access, as well as for interventions addressing children and adolescents. As COVID-19 vaccines become more widely available, these populations and interventions should not be neglected in research. AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS We were able to identify and map a variety of heterogeneous interventions for increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake or decreasing vaccine hesitancy. Our results demonstrate that this is an active field of research with 61 published studies and 35 studies still ongoing. This review gives a comprehensive overview of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and can be the foundation for subsequent systematic reviews on the effectiveness of interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake. A research gap was shown for studies conducted in low and middle-income countries and studies investigating policy interventions and improved access, as well as for interventions addressing children and adolescents. As COVID-19 vaccines become more widely available, these populations and interventions should not be neglected in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike Andreas
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claire Iannizzi
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Bohndorf
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ina Monsef
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Cochrane Haematology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Piechotta
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine (for Cochrane Germany Foundation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Haematology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence with People from Black and Asian Backgrounds in England. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022:10.1007/s40615-022-01372-w. [PMID: 35913541 PMCID: PMC9341420 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims Little research has examined factors underlying COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy or refusal in Black and Asian individuals in England, among whom hesitancy tends to be higher than in the general population. This qualitative study aimed to gain an understanding of factors affecting hesitancy in Black and Asian individuals in England, to help address concerns about having the vaccine. Method Ninety-five participants (51 women, 42 men, 2 other; 58% were aged between 30 and 49) recruited via a market recruitment agency, local Healthwatch networks, and using a snowballing method, participated in four activities on an online engagement platform, sharing their attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out, and factors shaping their beliefs and concerns, over 5 weeks from April to March 2021. Results Inductive thematic analysis revealed five themes: (1) a variety of views on the COVID-19 vaccine, (2) targeted messaging for Black and Asian people as counterproductive, (3) confusion over the purpose of the vaccine roll-out, (4) hesitancy to take the vaccine, and (5) local networks as a trusted source of information. Conclusions Our findings suggest that respecting individuals’ agency, transparency of information provided, and the independence of the bodies providing this information are important. Instead of targeted messaging, local networks should be used in campaigns to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Black and Asian individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-022-01372-w.
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18
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Salali GD, Uysal MS, Bozyel G, Akpinar E, Aksu A. Does social influence affect COVID-19 vaccination intention among the unvaccinated? EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 4:e32. [PMID: 37588925 PMCID: PMC10426110 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformist social influence is a double-edged sword when it comes to vaccine promotion. On the one hand, social influence may increase vaccine uptake by reassuring the hesitant about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine; on the other hand, people may forgo the cost of vaccination when the majority is already vaccinated - giving rise to a public goods dilemma. Here, we examine whether available information on the percentage of double-vaccinated people affects COVID-19 vaccination intention among unvaccinated people in Turkey. In an online experiment, we divided participants (n = 1013) into low, intermediate and high social influence conditions, reflecting the government's vaccine promotion messages. We found that social influence did not predict COVID-19 vaccination intention, but psychological reactance and collectivism did. People with higher reactance (intolerance of others telling one what to do and being sceptical of consensus views) had lower vaccination intention, whilst people with higher collectivism (how much a person considers group benefits over individual success) had higher vaccination intention. Our findings suggest that advertising the percentage of double-vaccinated people is not sufficient to trigger a cascade of others getting themselves vaccinated. Diverse promotion strategies reflecting the heterogeneity of individual attitudes could be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Deniz Salali
- Department of Anthropology, University College london, 14 Taviton Street, WC1H 0BW, UK
| | - Mete Sefa Uysal
- Department of Social Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gizem Bozyel
- Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ege Akpinar
- Deparment of Political Science and International Relations, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Aksu
- Department of Psychology, MEF University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Guo Y, Gao J, Sims OT. Associations between Bonus and Lottery COVID-19 Vaccine Incentive Policies and Increases in COVID-19 Vaccination Rates: A Social Epidemiologic Analysis. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:118. [PMID: 35878130 PMCID: PMC9320144 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7070118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this longitudinal study were to analyze the impact of COVID-19 vaccine incentive policies (e.g., bonuses and lottery entries) on county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates, and to examine the interactive effects between COVID-19 vaccine incentive policies and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 vaccination rates. Using publicly available data, county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates and socioeconomic data between January 2021 and July 2021 were extracted and analyzed across counties in the United States (US)-an analysis of 19,992 observations over time. Pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis was employed to longitudinally examine associations with COVID-19 vaccination rates, and four random-effects models were developed to analyze interaction effects. Bonus incentive policies were effective in counties with a high per capita income, high levels of education, and a high percentage of racial minorities, but not in counties with high unemployment. Lottery incentive policies were effective in counties with a high percentage of racial minorities, but not in counties with high per capita income, high levels of education, and high unemployment. County-level socioeconomic factors should be considered ahead of implementing incentive policies, versus a blanket approach, to avoid the unintentional misuse of economic resources for futile COVID-19 vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guo
- School of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA;
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Public Policy Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28262, USA;
| | - Omar T. Sims
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
- Department of Social Work, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
- African American Studies, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA
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Berrou I, Hamilton K, Cook C, Armour C, Hughes S, Hancock J, Quigg S, Hajinur H, Srivastava S, Kenward C, Ali A, Hobbs L, Milani E, Walsh N. Leaving No One Behind: Interventions and Outcomes of the COVID-19 Vaccine Maximising Uptake Programme. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060840. [PMID: 35746447 PMCID: PMC9227842 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The devastating impact of COVID-19 on individuals and communities has accelerated the development of vaccines and the deployment of ambitious vaccination programmes to reduce the risks of infection, infection transmission and symptom severity. However, many people delay or refuse to get vaccinated against COVID-19, for many complex reasons. Vaccination programmes that are tailored to address individual and communities’ COVID-19 concerns can improve vaccine uptake rates and help achieve the required herd-immunity threshold. The Maximising Uptake Programme has led to the vaccination of 7979 people from February–August 2021 in the South West of England, UK, who are at high risk of severe illness from COVID-19 and/or may not access the COVID-19 vaccines through mass vaccination centres and general practices. These include: people experiencing homelessness; non-English-speaking people; people from minority ethnic groups; refugees and asylum seekers; Gypsy, Roma, Travelers and boat people; and those who are less able to access vaccination centres, such as people with learning difficulties, serious mental illness, drug and alcohol dependence, people with physical and sensory impairment, and people with dementia. Outreach work coupled with a targeted communication and engagement campaign, co-designed with community leaders and influencers, have led to significant engagement and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Berrou
- Glenside Campus, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1DD, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-11732-84053
| | - Kathryn Hamilton
- South West England Public Health Training Scheme, First Floor, Park House, 1200 Bristol Parkway North, Newbrick Road, Bristol BS34 8YU, UK; (K.H.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Clare Cook
- South West England Public Health Training Scheme, First Floor, Park House, 1200 Bristol Parkway North, Newbrick Road, Bristol BS34 8YU, UK; (K.H.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Clare Armour
- South West England Public Health Training Scheme, First Floor, Park House, 1200 Bristol Parkway North, Newbrick Road, Bristol BS34 8YU, UK; (K.H.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sian Hughes
- National Health Service (NHS) Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire CCG, 360 Bristol, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK; (S.H.); (J.H.); (S.Q.); (C.K.)
| | - Jude Hancock
- National Health Service (NHS) Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire CCG, 360 Bristol, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK; (S.H.); (J.H.); (S.Q.); (C.K.)
| | - Sally Quigg
- National Health Service (NHS) Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire CCG, 360 Bristol, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK; (S.H.); (J.H.); (S.Q.); (C.K.)
| | - Huda Hajinur
- Caafi Health, Unit 18, The Coach House, 2 Upper York Street, St Paul’s, Bristol BS2 8QN, UK;
| | - Seema Srivastava
- South West England Public Health Training Scheme, First Floor, Park House, 1200 Bristol Parkway North, Newbrick Road, Bristol BS34 8YU, UK; (K.H.); (C.C.); (C.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Charlie Kenward
- National Health Service (NHS) Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire CCG, 360 Bristol, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS1 3NX, UK; (S.H.); (J.H.); (S.Q.); (C.K.)
| | - Amjid Ali
- NHS Blood and Transplant 500, North Bristol Park, Filton, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK;
| | - Laura Hobbs
- Department of Applied Sciences, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Milani
- Department of Applied Sciences, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (L.H.); (E.M.)
| | - Nicola Walsh
- Glenside Campus, School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1DD, UK;
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21
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Lau BHP, Yuen SWH, Yue RPH, Grépin KA. Understanding the societal factors of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy: evidence from Hong Kong. Public Health 2022; 207:39-45. [PMID: 35486982 PMCID: PMC9040517 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccination is considered to be an important public health strategy for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides subjective evaluations of the vaccine and the health threat, societal factors have been seen as crucial to vaccination decisions. Based on a socioecological perspective, this study examines the role of societal factors in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD An online survey was fielded between 25 and 28 June 2021, collecting 2753 complete responses. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine how subjective evaluations of the vaccine (summarised by the 5C model - Confidence, Collective responsibility, Constraints, Complacency and Calculation), threat perception, interpersonal influences and institutional trust contribute to explaining three types of decision - acceptant (vaccinated, scheduled or indicated 'Yes'), hesitant (unvaccinated and indicated 'Maybe' on intention) and resistant (unvaccinated and indicated 'No'). RESULTS A total of 43.2%, 21.7% and 35.1% of respondents were acceptant, hesitant and resistant. Although the 5C model remained useful in explaining vaccination decisions, respondents were heavily influenced by the decisions of their family, although they were less influenced by friends. Second, respondents tended to accept the vaccine when they had a weaker perception that the act is supportive of the government and were less resistant if they had stronger institutional trust. CONCLUSION Under the low-incidence and low-trust environment such as Hong Kong, vaccination decisions are heavily influenced by family's decision and the perception of vaccination as socially and politically desirable. Our findings highlight the importance of a nuanced conception of interpersonal and political influence towards vaccine acceptance/hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Hi Po Lau
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Wan Chow Yuk Fan Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice & Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Samson Wai Hei Yuen
- Department of Government and International Studies, Baptist University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Ricci Pak Hong Yue
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A Grépin
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Walkowiak MP, Domaradzki J, Walkowiak D. Better Late Than Never: Predictors of Delayed COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:528. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, regression models were created to explain the increase of COVID-19 vaccination rates in 378 Polish sub-regions. In order to trace the factors that could explain the willingness to delay vaccination, vaccination rates were compared for age groups of 20 years and more for 30 June 2020 and 31 January 2021. Initially high vaccination rates, rather than leading to the gradual exhaustion of the pool of those wishing to get vaccinated, were a very good predictor of the share of the remainder willing to do so, which increased the divergence between sub-regions in nominal vaccination rates. Support for Eurosceptic and anti-establishment parties was a strong predictor of persistent vaccine hesitancy. Ideological divergence from the mainstream appeared to reinforce vaccine hesitancy, and this relationship remained highly relevant even when controlling for possible time or spatial lag. Markers of social inclusion and social capital—voter turnout and employment rate—remained statistically significant even when controlling for time lag, thus implying clear relevance of trust in the public message. The share of the population with higher education remained a highly relevant factor as well, though in the 20–39 age bracket it predicted a higher vaccination rate, while in all older brackets it was a negative predictor—this implies that those people had already made up their minds. Delaying vaccination seems predominantly explainable by political views, as well as social exclusion and the historical specificity of sub-regions. On a regional level, there was actually a paradoxical Spearmans Rho correlation (0.641) between the share of population refusing mandatory vaccination for kids and the percentage of people receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, which further undermines the idea that overall observed vaccine hesitancy was in any meaningful way affected by anti-vaccine movements.
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Walkowiak MP, Domaradzki J, Walkowiak D. Better Late Than Never: Predictors of Delayed COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040528. [PMID: 35455277 PMCID: PMC9025830 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, regression models were created to explain the increase of COVID-19 vaccination rates in 378 Polish sub-regions. In order to trace the factors that could explain the willingness to delay vaccination, vaccination rates were compared for age groups of 20 years and more for 30 June 2020 and 31 January 2021. Initially high vaccination rates, rather than leading to the gradual exhaustion of the pool of those wishing to get vaccinated, were a very good predictor of the share of the remainder willing to do so, which increased the divergence between sub-regions in nominal vaccination rates. Support for Eurosceptic and anti-establishment parties was a strong predictor of persistent vaccine hesitancy. Ideological divergence from the mainstream appeared to reinforce vaccine hesitancy, and this relationship remained highly relevant even when controlling for possible time or spatial lag. Markers of social inclusion and social capital—voter turnout and employment rate—remained statistically significant even when controlling for time lag, thus implying clear relevance of trust in the public message. The share of the population with higher education remained a highly relevant factor as well, though in the 20–39 age bracket it predicted a higher vaccination rate, while in all older brackets it was a negative predictor—this implies that those people had already made up their minds. Delaying vaccination seems predominantly explainable by political views, as well as social exclusion and the historical specificity of sub-regions. On a regional level, there was actually a paradoxical Spearmans Rho correlation (0.641) between the share of population refusing mandatory vaccination for kids and the percentage of people receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, which further undermines the idea that overall observed vaccine hesitancy was in any meaningful way affected by anti-vaccine movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piotr Walkowiak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jan Domaradzki
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Walkowiak
- Department of Organisation and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-61-658-44-93
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The Uptake and Vaccination Willingness of COVID-19 Vaccine among Chinese Residents: Web-Based Online Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010090. [PMID: 35062751 PMCID: PMC8780410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the uptake and vaccination willingness of the COVID-19 vaccine among Chinese residents and analyze the difference and factors that impact vaccination. Methods: The snowball sampling method was used to distribute online questionnaires. Relevant sociodemographic data along with the circumstances of COVID-19 vaccination were collected from the respondents. The χ2 test, independent samples t test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 786 respondents, 84.22% had been vaccinated. Over 80% of the vaccinated population have completed all the injections because of supporting the national vaccination policies of China, while the unvaccinated population (23.91%) is mainly due to personal health status. Meanwhile, statistical analysis revealed that the main predictors of not being vaccinated were younger age (3 to 18 years old), personal health status, and lower vaccinated proportion of family members and close friends (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a high level of uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in China, and people who have not been vaccinated generally had a low willingness to vaccinate in the future. Based on our results, it suggested the next work to expand the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccination should be concentrated on targeted publicity and education for people who have not been vaccinated.
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