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ALDH7A1 rs12514417 polymorphism may increase ischemic stroke risk in alcohol-exposed individuals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:70. [PMID: 36258220 PMCID: PMC9580139 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have identified common risk factors for cerebral stroke worldwide. Some of these factors include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, excessive drinking, and dyslipidemia. It is important to note, however, that genetic factors can also contribute to the occurrence of stroke. Here, we evaluated the association of ischemic stroke with rs12514417 polymorphism of the alcohol metabolizing gene, aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1) and alcohol consumption. Methods: Taiwan Biobank (TWB) data collected between 2008 and 2015 were available for 17,985 subjects. The odd ratios for stroke were obtained using logistic regression models. Results: Among eligible subjects (n = 17,829), 897 had ischemic stroke and 70 had hemorrhagic stroke. Subjects with ischemic stroke were older (mean ± SE, 58.45 ± 8.19 years vs. 48.33 ± 10.89 years, p < 0.0001) and had a higher body mass index (BMI) than the stroke-free individuals. The risk of ischemic stroke was significantly higher among subjects with the ALDH7A1 rs12514417 TG + GG genotype who also consumed alcohol at least 150 ml/week (odds ratio (OR), 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–2.72). We found that rs12514417 genotype and alcohol consumption (at least 150 ml/week) showed a significant interaction (p for interaction = 0.0266). Stratification based on alcohol exposure and ALDH7A1 rs12514417 genotypes indicated that ischemic stroke risk was significantly higher among alcohol drinkers with the TG + GG genotype than in those with the TT genotype (OR, 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15–2.33). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the combination of ALDH7A1 rs12514417 TG + GG genotype and alcohol exposure of at least 150 ml/week may increase the risk of ischemic stroke in Taiwanese adults.
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Zhu ZY, Liu YD, Gong Y, Jin W, Topchiy E, Turdi S, Gao YF, Culver B, Wang SY, Ge W, Zha WL, Ren J, Pei ZH, Qin X. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) rescues cardiac contractile dysfunction in an APP/PS1 murine model of Alzheimer's disease via inhibition of ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:39-49. [PMID: 33767380 PMCID: PMC8724276 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with high incidence of cardiovascular events but the mechanism remains elusive. Our previous study reveals a tight correlation between cardiac dysfunction and low mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) activity in elderly AD patients. In the present study we investigated the effect of ALDH2 overexpression on cardiac function in APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Global ALDH2 transgenic mice were crossed with APP/PS1 mutant mice to generate the ALDH2-APP/PS1 mutant mice. Cognitive function, cardiac contractile, and morphological properties were assessed. We showed that APP/PS1 mice displayed significant cognitive deficit in Morris water maze test, myocardial ultrastructural, geometric (cardiac atrophy, interstitial fibrosis) and functional (reduced fractional shortening and cardiomyocyte contraction) anomalies along with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in myocardium. ALDH2 transgene significantly attenuated or mitigated these anomalies. We also noted the markedly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, the essential lipid peroxidation enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), the transcriptional regulator for ACLS4 special protein 1 (SP1) and ferroptosis, evidenced by elevated NCOA4, decreased GPx4, and SLC7A11 in myocardium of APP/PS1 mutant mice; these effects were nullified by ALDH2 transgene. In cardiomyocytes isolated from WT mice and in H9C2 myoblasts in vitro, application of Aβ (20 μM) decreased cell survival, compromised cardiomyocyte contractile function, and induced lipid peroxidation; ALDH2 transgene or activator Alda-1 rescued Aβ-induced deteriorating effects. ALDH2-induced protection against Aβ-induced lipid peroxidation was mimicked by the SP1 inhibitor tolfenamic acid (TA) or the ACSL4 inhibitor triacsin C (TC), and mitigated by the lipid peroxidation inducer 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) or the ferroptosis inducer erastin. These results demonstrate an essential role for ALDH2 in AD-induced cardiac anomalies through regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yan-Dong Liu
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, China
| | - Yan Gong
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, China
| | - Wei Jin
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, China
| | - Elena Topchiy
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Subat Turdi
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Yue-Feng Gao
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bruce Culver
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shu-Yi Wang
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zha
- Department of Surgery, Clinic Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental General Medicine Education, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Pei
- The Second Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, China.
| | - Xing Qin
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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3
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Tsai HY, Hsu YJ, Lu CY, Tsai MC, Hung WC, Chen PC, Wang JC, Hsu LA, Yeh YH, Chu P, Tsai SH. Pharmacological Activation Of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects Against Heatstroke-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740562. [PMID: 34764958 PMCID: PMC8576434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke (HS) can cause acute lung injury (ALI). Heat stress induces inflammation and apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endogenous reactive aldehydes. Endothelial dysfunction also plays a crucial role in HS-induced ALI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. A single point mutation in ALDH2 at E487K (ALDH2*2) intrinsically lowers the activity of ALDH2. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, attenuates the formation of 4-HNE protein adducts and ROS in several disease models. We hypothesized that ALDH2 can protect against heat stress-induced vascular inflammation and the accumulation of ROS and toxic aldehydes. Homozygous ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice on a C57BL/6J background and C57BL/6J mice were used for the animal experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro experiment. The mice were directly subjected to whole-body heating (WBH, 42°C) for 1 h at 80% relative humidity. Alda-1 (16 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally prior to WBH. The severity of ALI was assessed by analyzing the protein levels and cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the wet/dry ratio and histology. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to HS-induced ALI in vivo. Silencing ALDH2 induced 4-HNE and ROS accumulation in HUVECs subjected to heat stress. Alda-1 attenuated the heat stress-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, senescence and apoptosis in HUVECs. The lung homogenates of mice pretreated with Alda-1 exhibited significantly elevated ALDH2 activity and decreased ROS accumulation after WBH. Alda-1 significantly decreased the WBH-induced accumulation of 4-HNE and p65 and p38 activation. Here, we demonstrated the crucial roles of ALDH2 in protecting against heat stress-induced ROS production and vascular inflammation and preserving the viability of ECs. The activation of ALDH2 by Alda-1 attenuates WBH-induced ALI in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chu Hung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pauling Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Heat Stroke, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Lu HE, Pan YL, Ko HW, Hsu SH, Wen CH, Hsu YC. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells FIRDIi001-A from a Taiwanese subject carrying ALDH2 pE487K mutation. Stem Cell Res 2021; 52:102229. [PMID: 33592568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*2) is caused by an amino acid substitution ALDH2 rs671 G>A (pE487K) which reduces ALDH2 enzyme activity. When individuals with the ALDH2 mutation consume alcohol, accumulating acetaldehyde in the blood can cause reddened face, headache, nausea, and palpitations; symptoms referred to as Alcohol Flushing Reaction. We report the production of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, FIRDIi001-A, developed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 39-year-old male subject with the ALDH2*2 mutation. The ALDH2-pE487K iPSCs will be valuable in investigating pathogenic mechanisms involved in the link between the ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-En Lu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Ko
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Hsu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Wen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Wu YY, Lee YS, Liu YL, Hsu WC, Ho WM, Huang YH, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Chen YC. Association Study of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Polymorphism With Alzheimer Disease in the Taiwanese Population. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:625885. [PMID: 33551739 PMCID: PMC7862325 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.625885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are two major alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Moderate alcohol intake is a protective modified factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while heavy alcohol intake and abstinence increased dementia risk. The associations between Alzheimer’s disease and alcohol-metabolizing genes are uncertain. This study examined the association of AD with seven ADH/ALDH single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), ADH1C rs2241894, ADH1B rs1229984, ALDH1B1 rs2073478, ALDH2 rs886205, rs4767944, rs4648328, and rs671. We enrolled 157 AD and 168 age- and sex-matched control subjects in pilot study to examine the association of AD with ADH/ALDH SNPs. Reconstructed ALDH2 haplotypes were performed. We measured plasma level of ADH1C and checked the interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level. In extension study, we further examined 339 AD and 2,504 healthy control from the Taiwan Biobank. In pilot study, we observed that ADH1C rs2241894 TT genotype was negatively associated with AD in a recessive genetic model (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09–0.75, p < 0.0001) in women. A strong linkage disequilibrium was observed among the four examined SNPs of ALDH2. No haplotype was related to AD. The plasma ADH1C level in AD was higher than that in control. After adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol, we found a significant interaction effect of AD–rs2241894 genotype on plasma ADH1C level (p = 0.04). This interaction effect was attributable to the association between AD and plasma ADH1C level (β estimate = 366, 95% CI 92.7∼639.4, p = 0.009). The genetic distribution of ADH1C rs2241894 showed strong ethnic heterogeneity, in which the T allele was the minor allele accounting for 28.5% in our study and 23.6% in East Asians, while it was a major allele in Americans, Europeans, and the global populations. No association was discovered between AD and the five SNPs: rs2241894, rs1229984, rs2073478, rs886205, and rs671 in the extension study. In summary, this study revealed a suggestive association between ADH1C rs2241894 and female AD in the pilot study, but failed to confirm this finding in a population database. Further age-matched and large sample size case-control studies are needed before rs2241894 can be interpreted as a protective genetic factor of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yah-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuin Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Ho
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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A critical assessment of the potential of pharmacological modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases to treat the diseases of bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173541. [PMID: 32896553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism (CA) decreases bone mass and increases the risk of hip fracture. Alcohol and its main metabolite, acetaldehyde impairs osteoblastogenesis by increasing oxidative stress. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in clearing acetaldehyde from the body. The clinical relevance of ALDH in skeletal function has been established by the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP (rs671) in the ALDH2 gene giving rise to an inactive form of the enzyme (ALDH2*2) that causes increased serum acetaldehyde and osteoporosis in the affected individuals. Subsequent mouse genetics studies have replicated human phenotype in mice and confirmed the non-redundant role of ALDH2 in bone homeostasis. The activity of ALDH2 is amenable to pharmacological modulation. ALDH2 inhibition by disulfiram (DSF) and activation by alda-1 cause reduction and induction of bone formation, respectively. DSF also inhibits peak bone mass accrual in growing rats. On the other hand, DSF showed an anti-osteoclastogenic effect and protected mice from alcohol-induced osteopenia by inhibiting ALDH1a1 in bone marrow monocytes. Besides DSF, there are several classes of ALDH inhibitors with disparate skeletal effects. Alda-1, the ALDH2 activator induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) expression via ALDH2 activation. Alda-1 also restored ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The scope of structure-activity based studies with ALDH2 and the alda-1-like molecule could lead to the discovery of novel osteoanabolic molecules. This review will critically discuss the molecular mechanism of the ethanol and its principal metabolite, acetaldehyde in the context of ALDH2 in bone cells, and skeletal homeostasis.
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Wang S, Wang L, Qin X, Turdi S, Sun D, Culver B, Reiter RJ, Wang X, Zhou H, Ren J. ALDH2 contributes to melatonin-induced protection against APP/PS1 mutation-prompted cardiac anomalies through cGAS-STING-TBK1-mediated regulation of mitophagy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:119. [PMID: 32703954 PMCID: PMC7378833 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample clinical evidence suggests a high incidence of cardiovascular events in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although neither precise etiology nor effective treatment is available. This study was designed to evaluate cardiac function in AD patients and APP/PS1 mutant mice, along with circulating levels of melatonin, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and autophagy. AD patients and APP/PS1 mice displayed cognitive and myocardial deficits, low levels of circulating melatonin, ALDH2 activity, and autophagy, ultrastructural, geometric (cardiac atrophy and interstitial fibrosis) and functional (reduced fractional shortening and cardiomyocyte contraction) anomalies, mitochondrial injury, cytosolic mtDNA buildup, apoptosis, and suppressed autophagy and mitophagy. APP/PS1 mutation downregulated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) levels and TBK1 phosphorylation, while promoting Aβ accumulation. Treatment with melatonin overtly ameliorated unfavorable APP/PS1-induced changes in cardiac geometry and function, apoptosis, mitochondrial integrity, cytosolic mtDNA accumulation (using both immunocytochemistry and qPCR), mitophagy, and cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling, although these benefits were absent in APP/PS1/ALDH2-/- mice. In vitro evidence indicated that melatonin attenuated APP/PS1-induced suppression of mitophagy and cardiomyocyte function, and the effect was negated by the nonselective melatonin receptor blocker luzindole, inhibitors or RNA interference of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and autophagy. Our data collectively established a correlation among cardiac dysfunction, low levels of melatonin, ALDH2 activity, and autophagy in AD patients, with compelling support in APP/PS1 mice, in which melatonin rescued myopathic changes by promoting cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling and mitophagy via an ALDH2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Subat Turdi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bruce Culver
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Tsai SH, Hsu LA, Tsai HY, Yeh YH, Lu CY, Chen PC, Wang JC, Chiu YL, Lin CY, Hsu YJ. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by reducing reactive oxygen species, vascular inflammation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:9498-9511. [PMID: 32463165 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902550rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme that detoxifies aldehydes by converting them to carboxylic acids. ALDH2 deficiency is known to increase oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. Reducing oxidative stress by an ALDH2 activator could have therapeutic potential for limiting AAA development. We hypothesized that ALDH2 deficiency could increase the risk for AAA by decreasing ROS elimination and that an ALDH2 activator could provide an alternative option for AAA treatment. The National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were used for the in vitro experiments. Gene-targeted ALDH2*2 KI knock-in mice on a C57BL/6J background and apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice were obtained. An animal model of AAA was constructed using osmotic minipumps to deliver 1000 ng/kg/min angiotensin II (AngII) for 28 days. Patients with AAA had significantly lower ALDH2 expression levels than normal subjects. ALDH2*2 KI mice were susceptible to AngII administration, exhibiting significantly increased AAA incidence rates and increased aortic diameters. Alda-1, an ALDH2 activator, reduced AngII-induced ROS production, NF-kB activation, and apoptosis in HASMCs. Alda-1 attenuated AngII-induced aneurysm formation and decreased aortic expansion in ApoE KO mice. We concluded that ALDH2 deficiency is associated with the development of AAAs in humans and a murine disease model. ALDH2 deficiency increases susceptibility to AngII-induced AAA formation by attenuating anti-ROS effects and increasing VSMC apoptosis and vascular inflammation. Alda-1 was shown to attenuate the progression of experimental AAA in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Department, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yo Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Liu H, Ge W, Chen W, Kong X, Jian W, Wang A. Association between ALDH2 Gene Polymorphism and Late-onset Alzheimer Disease: An Up-to-date Meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:105-111. [PMID: 32183676 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200317102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous case-control studies have focused on the relationship between ALDH2 gene polymorphism and late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD), but no definite unified conclusion has been reached. Therefore, the correlation between ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism and LOAD remains controversial. To analyze the correlation between ALDH2 polymorphism and the risk of LOAD, we implemented this up-to-date meta-analysis to assess the probable association. METHODS Studies were searched through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China Biology Medicine, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Clinical- Trials.gov, Embase, and MEDLINE from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2018, without any restrictions on language and ethnicity. RESULTS Five studies of 1057 LOAD patients and 1136 healthy controls met our criteria for the analysis. Statistically, the ALDH2 GA/AA genotype was not linked with raising LOAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-2.28, p = 0.07). In subgroup analysis, the phenomenon that men with ALDH2*2 had higher risk for LOAD (OR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.10-2.67, p = 0.02) was observed. CONCLUSION This study comprehends only five existing case-control studies and the result is negative. The positive trend might appear when the sample size is enlarged. In the future, more large-scale casecontrol or cohort studies should be done to enhance the association between ALDH2 polymorphism and AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Weiming Jian
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Anhui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Military Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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10
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Lee PW, Wang TY, Chang YH, Lee SY, Chen SL, Wang ZC, Chen PS, Chu CH, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hong JS, Lu RB. ALDH2 Gene: Its Effects on the Neuropsychological Functions in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 18:136-144. [PMID: 31958914 PMCID: PMC7006970 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2020.18.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have impaired attention, inhibition control, and memory function. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) gene has been associated with OUD and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms may affect aldehyde metabolism and cognitive function in other substance use disorder. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether ALDH2 genotypes have significant effects on neuropsychological functions in OUD patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). Methods OUD patients undergoing MMT were investigated and followed-up for 12 weeks. ALDH2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped. Connors' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were administered at baseline and after 12 weeks of MMT. Multivariate linear regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the correlation between the ALDH2 genotypes and performance on the CPTs and WMS-R. Results We enrolled 86 patients at baseline; 61 patients completed the end-of-study assessments. The GEE analysis showed that, after the 12 weeks of MMT, OUD patients with the ALDH2 *1/*2+*2/*2 (ALDH2 inactive) genotypes had significantly higher commission error T-scores (p= 0.03), significantly lower hit reaction time T-scores (p= 0.04), and significantly lower WMS-R visual memory index scores (p= 0.03) than did patients with the ALDH2 1*/*1 (ALDH2 active) genotype. Conclusion OUD patients with the ALDH2 inactive genotypes performed worse in cognitive domains of attention, impulse control, and memory than did those with the ALDH2 active genotype. We conclude that the ALDH2 gene is important in OUD and is associated with neuropsychological performance after MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wei Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taiwan.,Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Cheng Wang
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, China.,Beijing YiNing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chu
- 0Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang, China.,Beijing YiNing Hospital, Beijing, China.,Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Genetic Polymorphism and Obesity: From Genomics to Behavior and Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:135-154. [PMID: 31368102 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is multifactorial and complex. Remarkable progress has been made recently in search for polygenic obesity through genome-wide association study (GWAS), but biology of polygenic effects on obesity is largely poor. This review summarizes the available evidence and provides an overview of the links between ALDH2 variants and adiposity, which were firstly and mainly derived from studies of polygenic obesity and also indirectly investigated by using cell lines and mice. The genetic association studies have observed consistent associations of ALDH2 variants with obesity-related traits including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat accumulation. In consideration of ALDH2 variants with enzyme activity and alcohol consumption behavior in physiological mechanism studies, we proposed a model by which the physiological and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption serve as an intermediary process between polymorphisms in ALDH2 and obesity.
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12
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Lee SY, Wang TY, Chen SL, Chang YH, Chen PS, Huang SY, Tzeng NS, Wang LJ, Lee IH, Chen KC, Yang YK, Yang YH, Chen CS, Lu RB. ALDH2 modulated changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function in bipolar disorder: A 12-week follow-up study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:680-689. [PMID: 28778129 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417720517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2) polymorphism (rs671), which is involved with the dopaminergic function, and with changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function, in a 12-week follow-up study in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Patients with a first diagnosis of bipolar disorder were recruited. Symptom severity and levels of plasma cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor β1) were examined during weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12. Neurocognitive function was evaluated at baseline and endpoint. The ALDH2 polymorphism genotype was determined. RESULTS A total of 541 patients with bipolar disorder were recruited, and 355 (65.6%) completed the 12-week follow-up. A multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant ( p = 0.000226) association between the ALDH2 polymorphism and changes in C-reactive protein levels. Different aspects of cognitive function improved in patients with different ALDH2 genotypes. Only patients with the ALDH2*1*1 genotype showed significant correlations between improvement of cognitive function and increased transforming growth factor -β1. CONCLUSION The ALDH2 gene might influence changes in cytokine levels and cognitive performance in patients with bipolar disorder. Additionally, changes in cytokine levels and cognitive function were correlated only in patients with specific ALDH2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lee
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,3 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yun Wang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Lan Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,6 Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Chang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,7 Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,8 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- 9 Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- 9 Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,10 Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,11 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hui Lee
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Chin Chen
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,12 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- 13 School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- 1 Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,14 Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,8 Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,15 Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,16 Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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13
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the spotlight: The link between mitochondria and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:19-24. [PMID: 29936317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunctions and resultant oxidative stress are likely responsible for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily plays a crucial role in several biological processes including development and detoxification pathways in the organism. In particular, ALDH2 is crucial in the oxidative metabolism of toxic aldehydes in the brain, such as catecholaminergic metabolites (DOPAL and DOPEGAL) and the principal product of lipid peroxidation process 4-HNE. This review aims to deepen the current knowledge regarding to ALDH2 function and its relation with brain-damaging processes that increase the risk to develop neurodegenerative disorders. We focused on relevant literature of what is currently known at molecular and cellular levels in experimental models of these pathologies. The understanding of ALDH2 contributions could be a potential target in new therapeutic approaches for PD and AD due to its crucial role in mitochondrial normal function maintenance that protects against neurotoxicity.
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Münzel T, Daiber A. The potential of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:217-231. [PMID: 29431026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) plays a major role in the ethanol detoxification pathway by removing acetaldehyde. Therefore, ALDH-2 inhibitors such as disulfiram represent the first therapeutic targeting of ALDH-2 for alcoholism therapy. Areas covered: Recently, ALDH-2 was identified as an essential bioactivating enzyme of the anti-ischemic organic nitrate nitroglycerin, bringing ALDH-2 again into the focus of clinical interest. Mechanistic studies on the nitroglycerin bioactivation process revealed that during bioconversion of nitroglycerin and in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species the active site thiols of ALDH-2 are oxidized and the enzyme activity is lost. Thus, ALDH-2 activity represents a useful marker for cardiovascular oxidative stress, a concept, which has been meanwhile supported by a number of animal disease models. Mechanistic studies on the protective role of ALDH-2 in different disease processes identified the detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal by ALDH-2 as a fundamental process of cardiovascular, cerebral and antioxidant protection. Expert opinion: The most recent therapeutic exploitation of ALDH-2 includes activators of the enzyme such as Alda-1 but also cell-based therapies (ALDH-bright cells) that deserve further clinical characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
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15
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Yan S, Wu G. Could ALDH2 *2 be the reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer for East Asia women? Oncotarget 2017; 9:12503-12512. [PMID: 29552329 PMCID: PMC5844765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is curious that East Asian women have a low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in various epidemiological studies. Although different explanations were given, they appear unsubstantial. We notice that East Asian population usually are inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutation (ALDH2 * 2) carriers, and ALDH plays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer to chemotherapeutics, especially in ovarian cancer stem cells. Therefore, we hypothesize whether ALDH2 mutation is the major reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in East Asian women, and use the evidence from literature, transcriptomic data with average 5-year overall survival to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
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16
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Qu Y, Zhang H, Li H, Yu L, Sun Y, Chen Y. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu504Lys Polymorphism Affects Collateral Circulation and Short-Term Prognosis of Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4559-4566. [PMID: 28939800 PMCID: PMC5629992 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute cerebral infarction is a major clinical subtype of ischemic stroke that has become a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important oxidative enzyme in alcohol metabolism. The polymorphism of ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism modifies the activity of this enzyme. However, the potential association between the allelic variation of ALDH2 Glu504Lys with collateral circulation and short-term prognosis of acute cerebral infarction remains unclear. Material/Methods A total of 394 patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited for ALDH2 genotyping using direct sequencing. Cerebrovascular stenosis and collateral circulation were evaluated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Short-term prognosis was assessed in accordance with the modified Ranking Scale (mRS). Results We identified 297 as EAS and 394 as IAS. There were more patients with occluded blood vessel in the opened group and far fewer in the unopened group. ALDH2 polymorphism was significantly different among the primary, secondary, and tertiary opened groups. ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys was significantly associated with short-term prognosis. The genotype GA+AA of ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys locus was an independent risk factor of poor 90-day prognosis. Conclusions ALDH2 Glu504Lys could be a risk factor for collateral circulation and a negative predictor for short-term prognosis in acute cerebral infarction in Han Chinese. ALDH2 Glu504Lys could be a new therapeutic target for patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qu
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyong Li
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Limei Yu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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17
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Risk factors associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of the evidence. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:143-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Zheng F, Yan H, Liu B, Yue W, Fan L, Liao J, Cui Y, Lu T, Jiang T, Zhang D. ALDH2 Glu504Lys Confers Susceptibility to Schizophrenia and Impacts Hippocampal-Prefrontal Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2034-2040. [PMID: 26941382 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous evidence suggested that ALDH2 is a candidate gene for schizophrenia, the association and underlying mechanisms have never been investigated. Therefore, we investigated ALDH2 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and explored the effect of its polymorphisms on brain functions. In the discovery stage, we detected a positive association between a dominant-negative mutant, Glu504Lys, and schizophrenia (P= 8.01E-5, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16-1.55). This association was confirmed in the validation stage (P= 3.48E-6, OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15-1.42). The combined P reached a genome-wide significance (Pcombined= 1.32E-9, OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.20-1.42). To investigate the neural mechanism linking Glu504Lys to schizophrenia, we calculated the functional connectivity (FC) and applied an imaging genetics strategy using resting-state fMRI data. The imaging analysis revealed a significant interaction of diagnostic group by genotype for FC between the left hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. In the Glu homozygotes, hippocampal-prefrontal FC correlated inversely with memory performance in the healthy controls and with the PANSS negative score in the schizophrenia patients. Our results supported a role for ALDH2 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, variation at Glu504Lys disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal FC, which might be the neural mechanism linking it to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zheng
- Brainnetome Center.,Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinmin Liao
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, China
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Kuroda A, Hegab AE, Jingtao G, Yamashita S, Hizawa N, Sakamoto T, Yamada H, Suzuki S, Ishii M, Namkoong H, Asakura T, Ozaki M, Yasuda H, Hamamoto J, Kagawa S, Soejima K, Betsuyaku T. Effects of the common polymorphism in the human aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene on the lung. Respir Res 2017; 18:69. [PMID: 28431562 PMCID: PMC5399815 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) play a major role in detoxification of aldehydes. High expression of ALDHs is a marker for stem cells of many organs including the lungs. A common polymorphism in ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*2) results in inactivation of the enzyme and is associated with alcohol flushing syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases and some cancers. The effect of this ALDH2 polymorphism on the lung and its stem cells has not been thoroughly examined. METHODS We examined the association between the ALDH2*2 allele and lung function parameters in a population of healthy individuals. We also examined its association with the incidence of asthma and COPD in patient cohorts. We used the in vitro colony forming assay to detect the effect of the polymorphism on lung epithelial stem cells from both primary human surgical samples and Aldh2*2 transgenic (Tg) and Aldh2 -/- mice. Response to acute and chronic lung injuries was compared between wild type (WT), Aldh2*2 Tg and Aldh2 -/- mice. RESULTS In humans, the ALDH2*2 allele was associated with lower FEV1/FVC in the general population, but not with the development of asthma or COPD. Both the bronchial and lung epithelium carrying the ALDH2*2 allele showed a tendency for lower colony forming efficiency (CFE) compared to ALDH2 allele. In mice, the tracheal epithelial thickness, nuclear density, and number of basal stem cells were significantly lower in Aldh2 -/- and Aldh2*2 Tg adult mice than in WT. Electron microscopy showed significantly increased number of morphologically abnormal mitochondria in the trachea of Aldh2 -/- mice. Aldh2 -/- tracheal and lung cells showed higher ROS levels and fewer functional mitochondria than those from WT mice. No significant differences were detected when tracheal and lung epithelial stem cells were examined for their in vitro CFE. When exposed to chronic cigarette smoke, Aldh2*2 Tg mice were resistant to emphysema development, whereas influenza infection caused more epithelial damage in Aldh2 -/- mice than in WT mice. CONCLUSIONS ALDH2 polymorphism has several subtle effects on the lungs, some of which are similar to changes observed during normal aging, suggesting a "premature lung aging" effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Kuroda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ahmed E. Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Gao Jingtao
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149 China
| | - Shuji Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hizawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Tohru Sakamoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Hideyasu Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita, Ishinomaki, 986-8522 Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Junko Hamamoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku Ku, Shinanomachi 35, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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Yu RL, Tan CH, Lu YC, Wu RM. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 is associated with cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30424. [PMID: 27453488 PMCID: PMC4958972 DOI: 10.1038/srep30424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter degradation has been proposed to cause the accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. The metabolism of these metabolites involves aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The Asian-specific single nucleotide polymorphism rs671 causes reduced enzyme activity. This study aims to explore whether Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with reduced ALDH2 activity owing to the rs671 polymorphism are at risk for neuropsychological impairments. A total of 139 PD patients were recruited. Each participant was assessed for medical characteristics and their ALDH2 genotype. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and the Frontal Behavioral Inventory were used to measure neuropsychological functions. We found that the MMSE scores were significantly lower in patients with inactive ALDH2 (U = 1873.5, p = 0.02). The presence of cognitive impairments was significantly more frequent in the inactive ALDH2 group (46.0%) than in the active ALDH2 group (26.3%) (χ(2) = 5.886, p = 0.01). The inactive group showed significant deterioration in hobbies and exhibited more severe "disorganization" and "hyper-sexuality" behaviours. The additive effects of the allele on the development of cognitive impairments in PD patients may be an important finding that provides further insight into the pathogenic mechanism of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwei-Ling Yu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Tan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Che Lu
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Meei Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Luceri C, Bigagli E, Pitozzi V, Giovannelli L. A nutrigenomics approach for the study of anti-aging interventions: olive oil phenols and the modulation of gene and microRNA expression profiles in mouse brain. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:865-877. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Zhang Z, Wu X, Cai T, Gao W, Zhou X, Zhao J, Yao J, Shang H, Dong J, Liao L. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Gene Promoter (rs 3918242) Mutation Reduces the Risk of Diabetic Microvascular Complications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:8023-33. [PMID: 26184271 PMCID: PMC4515707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120708023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated the association between matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) gene promoter polymorphism and diabetic microvascular complications. However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association more precisely. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.2. RESULTS Data were abstracted from four case-control studies that included 446 patients with diabetic microvascular complications and 496 diabetic control subjects. The MMP9-1562 C/T genotype was significantly associated with the risk of diabetic nephropathy after stratification by specific type of microvascular complication (CT + TT vs. CC: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.26-0.69, p = 0.0006; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.19-0.76, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the evidence that MMP9-1562 T gene mutation might reduce the risk of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250014, China.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Tian Cai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Weiyi Gao
- Department of Cadres Healthcare, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China.
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinming Yao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Hongxia Shang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Lin Liao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.
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D'Souza Y, Elharram A, Soon-Shiong R, Andrew RD, Bennett BM. Characterization of Aldh2 (-/-) mice as an age-related model of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 2015; 8:27. [PMID: 25910195 PMCID: PMC4409701 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0117-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of late-onset/age-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD)(sporadic AD, 95% of AD cases) has been hampered by a paucity of animal models. Oxidative stress is considered a causative factor in late onset/age-related AD, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is important for the catabolism of toxic aldehydes associated with oxidative stress. One such toxic aldehyde, the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), accumulates in AD brain and is associated with AD pathology. Given this linkage, we hypothesized that in mice lacking ALDH2, there would be increases in HNE and the appearance of AD-like pathological changes. Results Changes in relevant AD markers in Aldh2-/- mice and their wildtype littermates were assessed over a 1 year period. Marked increases in HNE adducts arise in hippocampi from Aldh2-/- mice, as well as age-related increases in amyloid-beta, p-tau, and activated caspases. Also observed were age-related decreases in pGSK3β, PSD95, synaptophysin, CREB and pCREB. Age-related memory deficits in the novel object recognition and Y maze tasks begin at 3.5-4 months and are maximal at 6.5-7 months. There was decreased performance in the Morris Water Maze task in 6 month old Aldh2-/- mice. These mice exhibited endothelial dysfunction, increased amyloid-beta in cerebral microvessels, decreases in carbachol-induced pCREB and pERK formation in hippocampal slices, and brain atrophy. These AD-associated pathological changes are rarely observed as a constellation in current AD animal models. Conclusions We believe that this new model of age-related cognitive impairment will provide new insight into the pathogenesis and molecular/cellular mechanisms driving neurodegenerative diseases of aging such as AD, and will prove useful for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents for improving memory and for slowing, preventing, or reversing AD progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0117-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan D'Souza
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Elharram
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Raquel Soon-Shiong
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - R David Andrew
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Belmont-Díaz JA, Calleja-Castañeda LF, Yoval-Sánchez B, Rodríguez-Zavala JS. Tamoxifen, an anticancer drug, is an activator of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1. Proteins 2014; 83:105-16. [PMID: 25354921 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has been suggested as a promising option for the prevention or treatment of many diseases. To date, only few activating compounds of ALDHs have been described. In this regard, N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide has been used to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion damage. In the search for new modulating ALDH molecules, the binding capability of different compounds to the active site of human aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1A1 (ALDH1A1) was analyzed by molecular docking, and their ability to modulate the activity of the enzyme was tested. Surprisingly, tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist used for breast cancer treatment, increased the activity and decreased the Km for NAD(+) by about twofold in ALDH1A1. No drug effect on human ALDH2 or ALDH3A1 was attained, showing that tamoxifen was specific for ALDH1A1. Protection against thermal denaturation and competition with daidzin suggested that tamoxifen binds to the aldehyde site of ALDH1A1, resembling the interaction of N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-2,6-dichlorobenzamide with ALDH2. Further kinetic analysis indicated that tamoxifen activation may be related to an increase in the Kd for NADH, favoring a more rapid release of the coenzyme, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction for this isozyme. Therefore, tamoxifen might improve the antioxidant response, which is compromised in some diseases.
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Chiu CC, Yeh TH, Lai SC, Wu-Chou YH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Huang YC, Chen YJ, Chen CL, Chang YM, Wang HL, Lu CS. Neuroprotective effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation in rotenone-induced cellular and animal models of parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:244-53. [PMID: 25263579 PMCID: PMC4415848 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) functions as a cellular protector against oxidative stress by detoxification of cytotoxic aldehydes. Within dopaminergic neurons, dopamine is metabolized by monoamine oxidase to yield 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) then converts to a less toxic acid product by ALDH. The highly toxic and reactive DOPAL has been hypothesized to contribute to the selective neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanism and therapeutic effect of ALDH2 in rotenone models for parkinsonism. Overexpression of wild-type ALDH2 gene, but not the enzymatically deficient mutant ALDH2*2 (E504K), reduced rotenone-induced cell death. Application of a potent activator of ALDH2, Alda-1, was effective in protecting against rotenone-induced apoptotic cell death in both SH-SY5Y cells and primary cultured substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of Alda-1 significantly reduced rotenone- or MPTP-induced death of SN tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neurons. The attenuation of rotenone-induced apoptosis by Alda-1 resulted from decreasing ROS accumulation, reversal of mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and inhibition of activation of proteins related to mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The present study demonstrates that ALDH2 plays a crucial role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function to protect against neurotoxicity and that Alda-1 is effective in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. These results indicate that ALDH2 activation could be a neuroprotective therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chi Chiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Lai
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yah-Huei Wu-Chou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yin-Cheng Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ming Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Li Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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Gage SH, Smith GD, Zammit S, Hickman M, Munafò MR. Using Mendelian randomisation to infer causality in depression and anxiety research. Depress Anxiety 2013; 30:1185-93. [PMID: 23847157 PMCID: PMC4235433 DOI: 10.1002/da.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety co-occur with substance use and abuse at a high rate. Ascertaining whether substance use plays a causal role in depression and anxiety is difficult or impossible with conventional observational epidemiology. Mendelian randomisation uses genetic variants as a proxy for environmental exposures, such as substance use, which can address problems of reverse causation and residual confounding, providing stronger evidence about causality. Genetic variants can be used instead of directly measuring exposure levels, in order to gain an unbiased estimate of the effect of various exposures on depression and anxiety. The suitability of the genetic variant as a proxy can be ascertained by confirming that there is no relationship between variant and outcome in those who do not use the substance. At present, there are suitable instruments for tobacco use, so we use that as a case study. Proof-of-principle Mendelian randomisation studies using these variants have found evidence for a causal effect of smoking on body mass index. Two studies have investigated tobacco and depression using this method, but neither found strong evidence that smoking causes depression or anxiety; evidence is more consistent with a self-medication hypothesis. Mendelian randomisation represents a technique that can aid understanding of exposures that may or may not be causally related to depression and anxiety. As more suitable instruments emerge (including the use of allelic risk scores rather than individual single nucleotide polymorphisms), the effect of other substances can be investigated. Linkage disequilibrium, pleiotropy, and population stratification, which can distort Mendelian randomisation studies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H Gage
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Polymorphisms in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and dopamine β hydroxylase genes are not associated with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:427-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wey MCY, Fernandez E, Martinez PA, Sullivan P, Goldstein DS, Strong R. Neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in mice lacking cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases: implications for Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31522. [PMID: 22384032 PMCID: PMC3284575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported elevated levels of biogenic aldehydes in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the brain, aldehydes are primarily detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH). Reduced ALDH1 expression in surviving midbrain dopamine neurons has been reported in brains of patients who died with PD. In addition, impaired complex I activity, which is well documented in PD, reduces the availability of the NAD(+) co-factor required by multiple ALDH isoforms to catalyze the removal of biogenic aldehydes. We hypothesized that chronically decreased function of multiple aldehyde dehydrogenases consequent to exposure to environmental toxins and/or reduced ALDH expression, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of PD. To address this hypothesis, we generated mice null for Aldh1a1 and Aldh2, the two isoforms known to be expressed in substantia nigra dopamine neurons. Aldh1a1(-/-)×Aldh2(-/-) mice exhibited age-dependent deficits in motor performance assessed by gait analysis and by performance on an accelerating rotarod. Intraperitoneal administration of L-DOPA plus benserazide alleviated the deficits in motor performance. We observed a significant loss of neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra and a reduction of dopamine and metabolites in the striatum of Aldh1a1(-/-)×Aldh2(-/-) mice. We also observed significant increases in biogenic aldehydes reported to be neurotoxic, including 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and the aldehyde intermediate of dopamine metabolism, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). These results support the hypothesis that impaired detoxification of biogenic aldehydes may be important in the pathophysiology of PD and suggest that Aldh1a1(-/-)×Aldh2(-/-) mice may be a useful animal model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Chia-Ying Wey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EF); (RS)
| | - Paul Anthony Martinez
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David S. Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EF); (RS)
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