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Cao F, Li YZ, Zhang DY, Wang XY, Chen WX, Liu FH, Men YX, Gao S, Lin CQ, Zou HC, Gong TT, Wu QJ. Human papillomavirus infection and the risk of cancer at specific sites other than anogenital tract and oropharyngeal region: an umbrella review. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105155. [PMID: 38744109 PMCID: PMC11108822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite numerous studies having evaluated the associations between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk of specific cancers other than anogenital tract and oropharyngeal, the findings are inconsistent and the quality of evidence has not been systematically quantified. We aimed to summarise the existing evidence as well as to evaluate the strength and credibility of these associations. METHODS We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2024. Studies with systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined associations between HPV or HPV-associated genotypes infection and specific cancers were eligible for this review. The quality of the methodology was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). The credibility of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. The protocol was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42023439070). FINDINGS The umbrella review identified 31 eligible studies reporting 87 associations with meta-analytic estimates, including 1191 individual studies with 336,195 participants. Of those, 29 (93.5%) studies were rated as over moderate quality by AMSTAR. Only one association indicating HPV-18 infection associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.24-5.41) was graded as convincing evidence. There were five unique outcomes identified as highly suggestive evidence, including HPV infection increased the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 7.03, 95% CI = 3.87-12.76), oesophageal cancer (OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 2.54-4.34), oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.05-3.54), lung cancer (OR = 3.60, 95% CI = 2.59-5.01), and breast cancer (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 4.35-9.00). According to GRADE, one association was classified as high, indicating that compared with the controls in normal tissues, HPV infection was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. INTERPRETATION The umbrella review synthesised up-to-date observational evidence on HPV infection with the risk of breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oesophageal cancer, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and lung cancer. Further larger prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the associations, providing public health recommendations for prevention of disease. FUNDING National Key Research and Development Program of China, Natural Science Foundation of China, Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, and 345 Talent Project of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Zi Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Men
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Qing Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua-Chun Zou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China.
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Sukmana BI, Saleh RO, Najim MA, AL-Ghamdi HS, Achmad H, Al-Hamdani MM, Taher AAY, Alsalamy A, Khaledi M, Javadi K. Oral microbiota and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of their relation and carcinogenic mechanisms. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1319777. [PMID: 38375155 PMCID: PMC10876296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1319777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer worldwide. Emerging research suggests a strong association between OSCC and the oral microbiota, a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Pathogenic bacteria, in particular Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been closely linked to OSCC. Moreover, certain oral fungi, such as Candida albicans, and viruses, like the human papillomavirus, have also been implicated in OSCC. Despite these findings, the precise mechanisms through which the oral microbiota influences OSCC development remain unclear and necessitate further research. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiota and its relationship with OSCC and discusses potential carcinogenic pathways that the oral microbiota may activate or modulate are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | | | - Hasan S. AL-Ghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia (Lecture of Pediatric Dentistry), Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja’afar Al‐Sadiq University, Al‐Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Mansoor Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kasra Javadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Petrović A, Čanković M, Avramov M, Popović ŽD, Janković S, Mojsilović S. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Patients with Oral Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Serbia-A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1843. [PMID: 37893561 PMCID: PMC10608774 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 95% of oral cancers. It represents a serious public health problem due to the high degree of morbidity and mortality, as well as multifactorial etiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-documented risk factor for oropharyngeal carcinoma, but its role in oral carcinogenesis is still debatable. Our aim was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV) in patients with OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) from that of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects were included in the cross-sectional study and divided into three groups of 30 patients each: (1) patients with OSCC, (2) patients with OPMD, and (3) healthy subjects. We examined the presence of 12 HR-HPV genotypes in the obtained biological material (oral swabs) using real-time PCR. Results: One or more of the 12 tested HR-HPV genotypes were detected in 5/30 patients with OSCC and 2/30 with OPMD, whereas no healthy subjects were positive for any of the tested genotypes. There was a statistically significant difference in nodal involvement between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients with OSCC. Conclusions: Oral HR-HPV was detected in patients with oral premalignant and malignant lesions but not in healthy individuals, suggesting a possible role in oral carcinogenesis. Broad HR-HPV panel testing could increase the sensitivity of risk assessment and screening for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđelija Petrović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miloš Čanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Oral Medicine Section, Dentistry Department, Clinic for Dentistry of Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 12, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Avramov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (Ž.D.P.)
| | - Željko D. Popović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.A.); (Ž.D.P.)
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, GenoLab, Kosovska 7, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđa Janković
- Division of Immunology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, Tiršova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Oyouni AAA. Human papillomavirus in cancer: Infection, disease transmission, and progress in vaccines. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:626-631. [PMID: 36868166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect epithelial cells of human beings, and their replication cycle is associated with epithelial differentiation. More than 200 genotypes of HPVs were identified, and each of these HPVs shows distinct specificity for tissues and infection. HPV infection was involved in the development of lesions on the feet, genital warts and hands. The evidence of HPV infection revealed the role of HPVs in neck and head squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, brain and lung tumours. The independent traditional risk factors, various clinical outcomes, and increased prevalence among certain populations and geographical regions have led increasing interest in HPV infection. The mode of HPVs transmission remains unclear. Moreover, in recent years, vertical transmission of HPVs was reported. This review concludes present knowledge about HPV infection, virulence strains, clinical significance of HPVs, and mode of transmission, and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Abdulwahab A Oyouni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Burassakarn A, Pientong C, Tongchai P, Wongjampa W, Poosari A, Udomsin A, Sa-ngiamwibool P, Ungareewittaya P, Nutravong T, Ekalaksananan T. Epidemiological evidence and association of human papillomavirus with esophageal cancer in northeastern Thailand: a case-control study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146322. [PMID: 37180234 PMCID: PMC10172481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, epidemiological evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and its association with the increasing risk of esophageal cancer (EC) have been described. However, the involvement of such a virus in the pathogenesis of EC is still inconclusive in the literature. Therefore, our objective was to clarify the epidemiology of HPV infections in primarily diagnosed EC cases and validate this correlation with hospital-based control patients using a retrospective study with a case-control model. Here, we reported that the overall prevalence of HPV DNA was statistically associated with an increased risk of EC (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.5-4.3). Interestingly, a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was constituted and significantly associated with HPV prevalence (adjusted OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2-9.5). Furthermore, our meta-analysis in public databases also indicated that the combined OR and 95% CI between HPV infection and EC risk were 3.31 and 2.53-4.34, respectively, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). Variations in the geographic study, tissue type, and detection method remain potential predictors of heterogeneity. In addition, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were not observed, and the results exhibited stable outcomes. Collectively, we specify the recent epidemiological evidence in a validation of the distributed HPV, which might be statistically associated with an increased risk of EC. However, additional high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further verify the link between HPV and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ati Burassakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Panwad Tongchai
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Weerayut Wongjampa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arisara Poosari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Piti Ungareewittaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thitima Nutravong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Tipaya Ekalaksananan,
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Jafari-Sales A, Shariat A, Bannazadeh-Baghi H, Baradaran B, Jafari B. Human Papillomavirus ( HPV) Prevalence and E6 Protein Expression in Gastric Cancer Tissue Samples Compared with Non-malignant and Control Groups in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2021. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.17.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Hussain S, Rani J, Tulsyan S, Sisodiya S, Chikara A, Nazir SU, Srivastava A, Khan A, Dash NR, Saraya A, Das BC. Influence of HPV infection in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nakamura J, Manabe N, Yamatsuji T, Fujiwara Y, Murao T, Ayaki M, Fujita M, Shiotani A, Ueno T, Monobe Y, Akiyama T, Haruma K, Naomoto Y, Hata J. Subjective factors affecting prognosis of 469 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study of endoscopic screening. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 35764928 PMCID: PMC9238142 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, no in-depth studies have focused on the impact of various clinical characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), including its association with subjective symptoms, on patient prognosis. We aimed to investigate the clinical factors that affect the prognosis of patients with ESCC and to clarify how subjective symptoms are related to prognosis. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 503 consecutive patients with ESCC from April 2011 to December 2019. Six established prognostic factors for ESCC (body mass index, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, sex, clinical stage, and age) and subjective symptoms were used to subgroup patients and analyze survival differences. Next, the patients were divided into two groups: a symptomatic group and an asymptomatic group. In the symptomatic group, differences in the incidence of subjective symptoms according to tumor size, tumor location, macroscopic tumor type, and clinical stage were examined. Finally, subjective symptoms were divided into swallowing-related symptoms and other symptoms, and their prognosis was compared. Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified sex [hazard ratio (HR) 1.778; 95% CI 1.004–3.149; p = 0.049], TNM classification (HR 6.591; 95% CI 3.438–12.63; p < 0.001), and subjective symptoms (HR 1.986; 95% CI 1.037–3.803; p = 0.0386) as independent risk factors for overall survival. In the symptomatic group, the mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 2.4 ± 4.3 months. The incidence of subjective symptoms differed by clinical stage, and the prognosis of patients with swallowing-related symptoms was significantly worse than that of patients with other symptoms. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that screening by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, independent of subjective symptoms (especially swallowing-related symptoms), may play an important role in the early detection and improvement of prognosis of ESCC, although further validation in a large prospective study is needed.
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Anipindi M, Bitetto D. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of the Microbiome in the Field of Oncology. Cureus 2022; 14:e24890. [PMID: 35698690 PMCID: PMC9184241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it can affect almost every part of the human body. Effective screening and early diagnosis of cancers is extremely difficult due to the multifactorial etiology of the disease and delayed presentation of the patients. The available treatments are usually not specific to the affected organ system, leading to intolerable systemic side effects and early withdrawal from therapies. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed an association of specific microbiome signatures with individual cancers. The cancer-related human microbiome has also been shown to affect the response of tissues to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. This is an excellent opportunity for us to design specific screening markers using the microbiome to prevent cancers and diagnose them early. We can also develop precise treatments that can target cancer-affected specific organ systems and probably use a lesser dose of chemotherapy or radiation for the same effect. This prevents adverse effects and early cessation of treatments. However, we need further studies to exactly clarify and characterize these associations. In this review article, we focus on the association of the microbiome with individual cancers and highlight its future role in cancer screenings, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments.
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Rajendra K, Sharma P. Viral Pathogens in Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040476. [PMID: 35456151 PMCID: PMC9029269 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour virology was born with the discovery by Peyton Rous in 1911 of a filterable agent in chicken cellular extracts that caused neoplasia in healthy chickens. Universally, 20% of all human cancers have a viral aetiology. Viruses are involved at various stages of the carcinogenesis pathway, depending on the viral pathogen, and likely require co-factors. Multiple risk factors have been associated with oesophageal and gastric malignancy, including carcinogenic pathogens. These viruses and bacteria include human papillomavirus (HPV) [oesophageal cancer], Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [proximal stomach cancer], and Helicobacter pylori (HP) [non-cardia stomach cancer]. Viruses such as EBV have been firmly established as causal for up to 10% of gastric cancers. HPV is associated with 13 to 35% of oesophageal adenocarcinoma but its role is unclear in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The causal relationship between hepatitis B (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HPV, and John Cunningham (JCV) and gastric neoplasia remains indeterminate and warrants further study. The expression of viral antigens by human tumours offers preventive and therapeutic potential (including vaccination) and has already been harnessed with vaccines for HPV and HBV. Future goals include viral protein-based immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of some of the subset of EBV and HPV-induced gastro-esophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishen Rajendra
- School of Medicine, The International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
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Chu CY, Wang R, Liu XL. Roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related microRNAs in esophageal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2678-2686. [PMID: 35434118 PMCID: PMC8968815 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i9.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, noncoding, single-stranded small RNAs that regulate expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and are involved in almost all tumor-related processes. MiRNA dysregulation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer through specific signal pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and is closely related to the malignant characteristics of esophageal cancer. The interaction between miRNAs and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is specifically expressed in esophageal cancer tissues, shows potential as a new biomarker and therapeutic target. This article reviews the role of miRNAs related to the Wnt pathway in the carcinogenesis of esophageal carcinoma and its role in Wnt signal transduction. The content of this review can be used as the basis for formulating or improving the treatment strategy of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Chu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xian-Li Liu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan Province, China
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Evidence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Esophageal Cancer in East Azerbaijan Province, Northwest of Iran. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:1099477. [PMID: 35035645 PMCID: PMC8759902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1099477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most important viral agents associated with several classes of cancers in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate HPV in esophageal cancer in the East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Methods 140 paraffin-embedded specimens of esophageal tissues were investigated using nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) with primer designing for the L1 region of HPV genome. According to the pathological diagnosis, the samples were divided into two groups: 70 patients with esophageal cancer EADC (n = 35) and ESCC (n = 35) as the case group and those without tumour in esophagus tissue as a control (n = 70). Results HPV DNA was isolated from 20 (28.57%) of the 70 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of esophagus cancer. Of these, 6 cases (17.14%) of EADC and 14 cases (40%) of ESCC were positive. In contrast, all cases of the control group were negative for the HPV genome. Sequence analysis revealed that HPV types 16 and 18 are the most frequent ones identified in this study. Conclusion The prevalence of HPV in esophageal cancer can vary depending on the geographical location and other factors. Based on the findings of this study, HPV infection may possibly have contributed to an increased risk of esophageal cancer in a group of patients in Tabriz.
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López-Gómez M, García de Santiago B, Delgado-López PD, Malmierca E, González-Olmedo J, Gómez-Raposo C, Sandoval C, Ruiz-Seco P, Escribano N, Gómez-Cerezo JF, Casado E. Gastrointestinal tumors and infectious agents: A wide field to explore. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:505-521. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i6.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is currently one of the main contributors to carcinogenesis. In fact, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has categorized eleven biological agents as group I carcinogens. It is estimated that around 16% of the 12.7 million new cancers diagnosed in 2008 were attributable to infectious agents. Although underdeveloped regions carry the highest incidence rates, about 7.4% of infection-related cancer cases occur in developed areas. Physicians are increasingly aware of the potential carcinogenic role of common virus like the Human Papilloma virus in cervical cancer, or the hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocarcinoma. However, the carcinogenic role of several other infectious agents is less recognized. Given that gastrointestinal malignancies carry an overall poor prognosis, a better understanding of the carcinogenic mechanisms triggered by infectious agents is key to decrease the rate of cancer related deaths. Preventive measures directed to such infections would ideally impact survival. In this paper we review the main pathogenic mechanisms related to the development of gastrointestinal malignancies induced by infectious microorganisms and other pathogens which are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam López-Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department. Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28231, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García de Santiago
- Pharmacy Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eduardo Malmierca
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Gómez-Raposo
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sandoval
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Seco
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Escribano
- Intensive Care Unit, Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Madrid 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Francisco Gómez-Cerezo
- Internal Medicine Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Casado
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofia University Hospital, San Sebastián de los Reyes 28703, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Munari FF, Sichero L, Carloni AC, Lacerda CF, Nunes EM, de Oliveira ATT, Scapulatempo-Neto C, da Silva SRM, Crema E, Adad SJ, Rodrigues MAM, Henry MACA, Guimarães DP, Reis RM, Villa LL, Longatto-Filho A. Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Detection in Chagasic Megaesophagus Associated or Not with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathobiology 2021; 89:29-37. [PMID: 34818254 DOI: 10.1159/000518697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagasic megaesophagus (CM) as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). OBJECTIVE We assessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of ESCCs associated or not with CM. Data obtained were further correlated to the pathological and clinical data of affected individuals. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on 92 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues collected from patients referred to 3 different hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil: Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo; Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais; and São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo. Cases were divided into 3 groups: (i) 24 patients with CM associated with ESCC (CM/ESCC); (ii) 37 patients with ESCC without CM (ESCC); and (iii) 31 patients with CM without ESCC (CM). Detection of HPV DNA was assessed in all samples by a genotyping assay combining multiplex polymerase chain reaction and bead-based Luminex technology. RESULTS We identified a high prevalence of high-risk HPV in patients in the CM group (12/31, 38.8%) and CM/ESCC (8/24, 33.3%), compared to individuals in the ESCC group (6/37, 16.3%). The individuals in the groups with cancer (ESCC and CM/ESCC) had a higher frequency of HPV-16 (4/9, 44.5% and 2/8, 25.0%). The other types of high-risk HPVs detected were HPV-31, 45, 51, 53, 56, 66, and 73. We also observed in some samples HPV coinfection by more than one viral type. Despite the high incidence of HPV, it did not show any association with the patient's clinical-pathological and molecular (TP53 mutation status) characteristics. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the presence of HPV DNA in CM associated with ESCC. HPV infection was more presence in megaesophagus lesions. Further studies are needed to confirm and better understand the role of persistent HPV infection in patients with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo-ICESP, Cerqueira César, Brazil
| | | | - Croider Franco Lacerda
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Emily Montosa Nunes
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo-ICESP, Cerqueira César, Brazil
| | | | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Diagnosis of Biopsies and Surgical Specimens, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Crema
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UFTM, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Sheila Jorge Adad
- Departament of Gastroenterology Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Peixoto Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo-ICESP, Cerqueira César, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, Brazil.,Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Butanta, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
To care and treat patients with esophageal cancer, one must first understand the epidemiology of Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is defined as the intestinal metaplasia occurring within the esophagus from normal squamous epithelium to abnormal specialized columnar epithelium. BE, while first described by Allison in 1948, was attributed to Norman Barrett in 1950, who reported a case of chronic peptic ulcer in the lower esophagus that was covered by columnar epithelium.
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16
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Woellner LFA, Medeiros JSD, Ribas CAPM, Nassif PAN, Ribas-Filho JM, Sobral ACL, Ariede BL, Costa DAPDDA, Malafaia O. IS THERE CORRELATION BETWEEN HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) AND ESOPHAGEAL EPIDERMOID CARCINOMA? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 34:e1528. [PMID: 34008702 PMCID: PMC8121072 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020200002e1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been related in some geographic regions as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. It results in the immunoexpression of the p16 protein, which has been used as marker of the oncogenic lineage by this etiological agent. Aim: To correlate epidemiological aspects of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the prevalence of HPV infection. Methods: Fifty-eight cases were analyzed and submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis by p16. Results: Of the 58 cases evaluated, 40 were men and 18 women, with a mean age of 63.2 years. p16 immunoexpression was positive in 46.55%. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV infection is high in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma presenting in almost half of the cases (46.55%), without gender differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paulo Afonso Nunes Nassif
- Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Research, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Evangelical University Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Marcondes Ribas-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Research, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Evangelical University Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Luiz Ariede
- Institute of Medical Research, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Mackenzie Evangelical Faculty of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Research, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Evangelical University Mackenzie Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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17
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Businello G, Fassan M, Degasperi S, Traverso G, Scarpa M, Angriman I, Kotsafti A, Castagliuolo I, Sbaraglia M, Bardini R, Scarpa M. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metachronous to head and neck cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153346. [PMID: 33545655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some HNSCC patients, a metachronous ESCC may develop. No information is available on the HNSCC-associated ESCCs microenvironment and etiology. METHODS Among 134 ESCCs surgically treated between 2009 and 2015, a series of 6 HNSCC-associated ESCCs was collected. A series of 12 sex-, age- and stage-matched ESCCs with no previous oncological medical history was selected for comparison. Histologic assessment of intratumoral inflammatory infiltration and immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, CD80, PD1, PD-L1 and p53 were performed. HPV detection/genotyping was assessed by PCR single step and reverse line blot. RESULTS HPV DNA was negative in all the HNSCC-associated ESCCs. In comparison to non-HNSCC-associated carcinomas, the 6 cases presented a lower lymphomonocytic infiltration, which also corresponded to a lower prevalence of CD4 + T cell infiltration and, 5/6 cases presented a PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1. All the HNSCC-associated ESCCs resulted positive for p53 immunostaining in ≥50 % of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that HPV infection is not an etiological factor associated to ESCC after HNSCC. On the other hand, p53 overexpression is a common finding. Moreover, our data suggest that an altered immune microenvironment, conditioned by a dysregulation in lymphomonocytic infiltration, may be a crucial factor allowing the occurrence of a metachronous ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Degasperi
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Traverso
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Lab. of AdvancedTraslationalResearch, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Imerio Angriman
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Lab. of AdvancedTraslationalResearch, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Dept. of Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Bardini
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Padua, Italy.
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18
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Pan E, Zhao C, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang S, Pu Y, Yin L. Synergism of HPV and MNNG repress miR-218 promoting Het-1A cell malignant transformation by targeting GAB2. Toxicology 2020; 447:152635. [PMID: 33189795 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is induced during tumorigenesis. Our previous research suggested that HPV and MNNG led to malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells. To investigate the regulation and function of miR-218(miR-218-5p) during the malignant transformation of esophageal epithelial cells, we found miR-218 was inhibited synergistically by HPV and MNNG, suppressing cell proliferation, migration and invasion by up-regulating 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) GAB2 in Het-1A-HPV-MNNG cells (malignant Het-1A cells induced by HPV and MNNG). A negative correlation was found between miR-218 and GAB2 mRNA expression in esophageal cancer patients and control people. GAB2 was up-regulated in Het-1A-HPV-MNNG cells. Further, down-expression of GAB2 reversed HPV&MNNG-mediated activation of migration and invasion and repressed SHP2/ERK and Akt/mTOR pathway signaling. In conclusion, miR-218 partially accounts for the prevention effect during malignant transformation of normal esophageal epithelial cells, which targets GAB2, which supplies the potential treatment in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Enchun Pan
- Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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19
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Rajendra S, Pavey D, McKay O, Merrett N, Gautam SD. Human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma: a concise review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1482:36-48. [PMID: 33103249 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The causal link between high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection and cervical, anogenital, and some oropharyngeal malignancies has been established by both molecular and epidemiological data. The association between HPV and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial, as is the true prevalence of HPV infection in ESCC. The wide range in reported rates reflects variability in the primary literature, with some larger scale case-control studies suggesting the infection rates range from 0% to 78%. Interactions between HPV and the Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence have been explored, and these studies have shown some conflicting data. Overall, systematic reviews have reported the prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients of between 13% and 35%. Postulated reasons for discrepancies in HPV prevalence rates in esophageal cancer include variations in testing methodology and assay sensitivities; technical issues, including the lack of a gold-standard primer; types of specimens utilized (fresh-frozen versus formalin-fixed tissue); geographical variation; cross-contamination; and small sample sizes. Thus, efforts must be undertaken to (1) standardize HPV testing, ideally in a central laboratory and utilizing tests that detect viral transcriptional activity; (2) avoid cross-contamination; and (3) recruit large numbers of patients to accurately ascertain HPV rates in esophageal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darren Pavey
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen McKay
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Merrett
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shweta Dutta Gautam
- Gastro-Intestinal Viral Oncology Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Irfan M, Delgado RZR, Frias-Lopez J. The Oral Microbiome and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591088. [PMID: 33193429 PMCID: PMC7645040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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21
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Inoue M, Shimizu Y, Ishikawa M, Abiko S, Shimoda Y, Tanaka I, Kinowaki S, Ono M, Yamamoto K, Ono S, Sakamoto N. Relationships of early esophageal cancer with human papillomavirus and alcohol metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6047-6056. [PMID: 33132654 PMCID: PMC7584065 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that an alcohol consumption habit together with inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is an important risk factor for the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It remains controversial whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to the occurrence/development of ESCC. There has been no study in which the relationship between ESCC and HPV in addition to alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) and ALDH2 genotypes was evaluated.
AIM To evaluate relationships between HPV infection and development of esophageal cancer, particularly early esophageal cancer, based on ADH1B/ALDH2 polymorphisms.
METHODS We conducted an exploratory retrospective study using new specimens, and we enrolled 145 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for superficial ESCC and had been observed for more than two years by both physical examination and endoscopic examination in Hokkaido University Hospital. Saliva was collected to analyze genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B/ALDH2. We performed in situ hybridization for resected specimens to detect HPV by using an HPV type 16/18 probe.
RESULTS HPV was detected in 15 (10.3%) of the 145 patients with ESCC. HPV-positive rates in inactive ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*1/*1 + *2/*2 were 10.8% and 9.8%, respectively (P = 1.00). HPV-positive rates in slow-metabolizing ADH1B*1/*1 and ADH1B*1/*2 + *2/*2 were 12.0% and 10.0%, respectively (P = 0.72). HPV-positive rates in the heavy or moderate alcohol consumption group and the light or rare consumption group were 11.1% and 8.7%, respectively (P = 0.68). HPV-positive rates in the heavy smoking group and the light or no smoking group were 11.8% and 8.3%, respectively (P = 0.59). The 3-year incidence rates of secondary ESCC or head and neck cancer after initial treatment in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups were 14.4% and 21.4% (P = 0.22), respectively.
CONCLUSION In the present situation, HPV status is considered to be less important than other risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking habit, ADH1B/ALDH2 polymorphisms, and HPV status would therefore have no effect on ESCC risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shimizu
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Marin Ishikawa
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abiko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Ikko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Sayoko Kinowaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ono
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
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22
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Zhang M, Wang J, Zhao Q, Mishra V, Fan J, Sun Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and esophageal carcinoma in Handan-Xingtai district, North China: a preliminary study based on cancer risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:596. [PMID: 32827059 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extremely high risk of esophageal carcinoma (EC) occurs in Handan-Xingtai district of North China. In spite of various preventive measures and epidemiological investigations that have been conducted for years, incidence and mortality of EC are still in the highest level of China. The etiology of EC remains unclear in the region. Previous studies of our research group proposed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that derived from numerous coal gangue dumps and atmospheric particulates were major contaminants in these regions. In consideration of mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic characteristics of PAHs, the authors hypothesized that severe exposure to PAHs could preform as a causative factor for EC. Therefore, four data sets documented in our previous studies were employed in this paper. To quantitatively evaluate the carcinogenic risk imposed by sixteen priority PAHs, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) via three exposure pathways were calculated. The results showed that total ILCRs for adult group ranged from 2.08E-05 to 8.63E-02, with an average of 2.00E-02. Total ILCRs for childhood group ranged from 1.09E-05 to 4.48E-02, with an average of 1.04E-02. Total ILCR value of 94% samples exceeded 10-4, indicating a particularly high carcinogenic risk to local residents. Furthermore, ingestion and dermal contact conducted as principal pathways of exposing to PAHs for each population group, rather than inhalation. It can be speculated that severely exposing to PAHs may be a pathogenesis of EC in Handan-Xingtai district. The rigorous supervise and governance are imperative to avoid severe exposure to PAHs that derived from coal gangue dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Jinxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Qiaojing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
| | - Vivek Mishra
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Jingsen Fan
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Exploration Research of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
- College of Earth Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, Hebei, China.
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23
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Abstract
There is mounting evidence that members of the human microbiome are highly associated with a wide variety of cancer types. Among oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied, and it is the most common malignancy of the head and neck worldwide. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Previous studies have not consistently found a characteristic oral microbiome composition associated with OSCC. Although a direct causality has not been proven, individual members of the oral microbiome are capable of promoting various tumorigenic functions related to cancer development. Two prominent oral pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum can promote tumor progression in mice. P. gingivalis infection has been associated with oro-digestive cancer, increased oral cancer invasion, and proliferation of oral cancer stem cells. The microbiome can influence the evolution of the disease by directly interacting with the human body and significantly altering the response and toxicity to various forms of cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown an association of certain phylogenetic groups with the immunotherapy treatment outcomes of certain tumors. On the other side of the coin, recently it has been a resurgence in interest on the potential use of bacteria to cure cancer. These kinds of treatments were used in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the first line of defense against cancer in some hospitals but later displaced by other types of treatments such as radiotherapy. Currently, organisms such as Salmonella typhimurium and Clostridium spp. have been used for targeted strategies as potential vectors to treat cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of the oral microbiome, focusing on its bacterial fraction, in cancer in general and in OSCC more precisely, and a brief description of the potential use of bacteria to target tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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MOHAMMADPOUR B, ROUHI S, KHODABANDEHLOO M, MORADI M. Prevalence and Association of Human Papillomavirus with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1215-1226. [PMID: 31497542 PMCID: PMC6708531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the epithelium of the esophagus, but so far there is no reliable and comprehensive evidence about the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal cancer in Iran, as high incidence region. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Iran. METHODS Relevant English and Persian articles published up to Aug 2017 and indexed in databases were reviewed. Frequency of HPV genotypes in ESCC cases and controls was surveyed according to regions of Iran. Data were meta-analyzed with random effects models using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Overall, 14 studies were eligible including 1444 samples (1062 ESCC cases and 382 controls). HPV was positive in 269 (25.32%) of 1062 ESCC cases and in 65 (17.01%) of 382 controls. Total prevalence of HPV in both groups was estimated 0.256 (95%CI, 0.208%-0.310%). The prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was estimated 0.121 (95%CI: 0.087-0.183) and 0.046 (95%CI; 0.023-0.088), respectively. The difference in HPV prevalence in different regions of Iran was statistically significant (Q=18.20, df =4, P=0.001). In 6 case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio was estimated 1.99 (95%CI; 0.916-4.315). CONCLUSION High-risk HPVs were observed in ESCC cases and controls from different regions of Iran. The odds ratio indicates that the HPV infection in ESCC cases was approximately 2 fold more than the controls. More case-control studies in other populations with larger sample size are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir MOHAMMADPOUR
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Samaneh ROUHI
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mazaher KHODABANDEHLOO
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Masoud MORADI
- Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Abstract
This article reviews the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation/diagnosis, and management of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Batra
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gautam K Malhotra
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983280 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailender Singh
- Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, 982000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2000, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Are
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6880, USA.
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26
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Wang LX, Shi YL, Zhang LJ, Wang KR, Xiang LP, Cai ZY, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Inhibitory Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Esophageal Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050954. [PMID: 30857144 PMCID: PMC6429180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence showing that drinking green tea can lower the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The effect is mainly attributed to tea polyphenols and their most abundant component, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis inhibition of EGCG include its suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA methylation, metastasis and oxidant stress. EGCG modulates multiple signal transduction and metabolic signaling pathways involving in EC. A synergistic effect was also observed when EGCG was used in combination with other treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xiang Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Yun-Long Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Long-Jie Zhang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- National Tea and Tea Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Itskoviz D, Tamary H, Krasnov T, Yacobovich J, Sahar N, Zevit N, Shamir R, Ben-Bassat O, Leibovici Wiseman Y, Dickman R, Ringel Y, Dotan I, Goldberg Y, Morgenstern S, Levi Z. Endoscopic findings and esophageal cancer incidence among Fanconi Anemia patients participating in an endoscopic surveillance program. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:242-246. [PMID: 30249500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The primary clinical characteristics of Fanconi Anemia (FA) include typical physical features, progressive bone marrow failure, and an increased incidence of neoplasms, including esophageal carcinoma. Currently, there are no data regarding endoscopic findings or the interval time to malignancy in these patients. Data about the contribution of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) to esophageal carcinoma is conflicting. Our objective is to document the upper gastrointestinal (GI) findings at baseline, document cancer incidence, and evaluate the role of HPV among these cancers. METHODS We reviewed endoscopic and clinical data of FA subjects who participated in active surveillance before cancer diagnosis. Incident esophageal cancers were stained for HPV p16 protein. RESULTS Eight FA patients were included (men 62.5%; median age at first endoscopy 20 years, median endoscopies number: 5.5). At baseline, 8/8 had endoscopic evidence for reflux esophagitis. In 3/8 the reflux esophagitis was mild and in 5/8 it was moderate or severe. During the follow up time (median time 4.5 years 2/8 developed Barrett's esophagus and 2/8 patients had incident esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during follow up, at intervals of eight and eighteen months from the previous upper endoscopy. Both cancers stained negative for HPV P16. CONCLUSIONS FA subjects have both an extremely high risk for esophageal cancer within short intervals and a very high prevalence of reflux esophagitis with various severities. Active surveillance programs in specialized centers including annual upper endoscopies should be considered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Itskoviz
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hannah Tamary
- Pediatrics Hematology Unit, Schneider's Children Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Genetic Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tanya Krasnov
- Pediatric Hematology Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Joannae Yacobovich
- Pediatrics Hematology Unit, Schneider's Children Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Sahar
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Zevit
- Institue of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institue of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Disease, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Offer Ben-Bassat
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Leibovici Wiseman
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ram Dickman
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Ringel
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Genetic Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Morgenstern
- Pathology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Zohar Levi
- Gastroenterology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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28
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D'Arcy M, Rivera DR, Grothen A, Engels EA. Allergies and the Subsequent Risk of Cancer among Elderly Adults in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:741-750. [PMID: 30700443 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic conditions may prevent some cancers by promoting immune surveillance. We examined associations of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema with cancer risk among elderly Americans. METHODS We used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked data to perform a case-control study. Cases were individuals with first cancer diagnosed in SEER registries (1992-2013, ages 66-99; N = 1,744,575). Cancer-free controls (N = 100,000) were randomly selected from Medicare and matched on sex, age, and selection year. Allergic conditions were identified using Medicare claims, and logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted ORs (aOR) with significance gauged with a Bonferroni P cutoff (P < 0.00034). RESULTS Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema were present in 8.40%, 3.45%, and 0.78% of controls, respectively. For allergic rhinitis, strong inverse associations (aORs, 0.66-0.79) were observed for cancers of the hypopharynx, esophagus (squamous cell), cervix, tonsil/oropharynx, and vagina/vulva. More modest but significant inverse associations were noted for cancers of the esophagus (adenocarcinoma), stomach, colon, rectosigmoid/rectum, liver, gallbladder, lung, uterus, bladder, and miscellaneous sites. Associations were stronger in analyses requiring a dispensed medication to confirm the presence of allergic rhinitis. Asthma was associated with reduced risk of liver cancer [aOR 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75-0.91], whereas eczema was associated with elevated risk of T-cell lymphoma (aOR, 4.12; 95% CI, 3.43-4.95). CONCLUSIONS Inverse associations with allergic rhinitis are present for multiple cancers and require etiologic investigation. IMPACT Understanding of mechanisms by which allergic conditions reduce cancer risk may advance cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D'Arcy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland. monica.d'
| | - Donna R Rivera
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrew Grothen
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric A Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
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29
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Chetwood JD, Garg P, Finch P, Gordon M. Systematic review: the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in low-income settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:71-88. [PMID: 30791842 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma causes over 380 000 deaths per year, ranking sixth worldwide in mortality amongst all malignancies. Globally, the squamous cell subtype is most common and accounts for 80% of esophageal cancers. Nonetheless, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is much more poorly understood than esophageal adenocarcinoma, including what is driving such high prevalences, why it often presents in young patients, and shows such marked geographical delineations Areas covered: The current literature was searched for articles focusing on aetiopathogenesis of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma via a systematic review, particularly in low-resource settings. This was supplemented by papers of interest known to the authors. Expert commentary: Current putative mechanisms include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acetaldehyde, cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathways, androgen and their receptor levels, as well as smoking & alcohol, micronutrient deficiencies and diet, mycotoxins, thermal damage, oral hygiene and microbiotal factors, inhaled smoke, viral infections such as HPV, and chronic irritative states. Etiology is likely multifactorial and varies geographically. Though smoking and alcohol play a predominant role in high-income settings, there is strong evidence that mycotoxins, diet and temperature effects may play an under-recognized role in low and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | - Priya Garg
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | | | - Melita Gordon
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi.,b College of Medicine , Blantyre , Malawi.,c Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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30
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Zhang XH, Wang W, Wang YQ, Jia DF, Zhu L. Human papillomavirus infection and colorectal cancer in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:961-969. [PMID: 30199598 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been reported in colorectal cancer in many studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between HPV infection and colorectal cancer/adenomas in the Chinese population. METHOD Relevant studies up to January 2018 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Wanfang database. We used a random effects model to determine the prevalence of HPV and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The I2 statistic and P-value from the Cochrane Q-test were used to describe the heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten case-control studies involving 766 colorectal cancer patients and 470 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Among the colorectal cancer patients, the pooled prevalence was 0.45 (95% CI 0.36-0.53). The pooled estimate for OR was 10.78 (95% CI 4.22, 27.53). Among the 193 patients with colorectal adenoma, the pooled prevalence and OR were 0.31 (95% CI 0.24-0.37) and 2.03 (95% CI 0.79, 5.26), respectively. The prevalence of HPV 16 and HPV 18 among HPV-positive cancers ranged from 57.9% to 100% and 0% to 39.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicated that HPV infection, especially HPV 16 and HPV 18, is associated with colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Y-Q Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - D-F Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
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31
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Hošnjak L, Poljak M. A systematic literature review of studies reporting human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in esophageal carcinoma over 36 years (1982–2017). ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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El‐Zimaity H, Di Pilato V, Novella Ringressi M, Brcic I, Rajendra S, Langer R, Dislich B, Tripathi M, Guindi M, Riddell R. Risk factors for esophageal cancer: emphasis on infectious agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1434:319-332. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence Florence Italy
- Gastrointestinal Surgery UnitFlorence Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of PathologyMedical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Shanmugarajah Rajendra
- Gastro‐Intestinal Viral Oncology GroupIngham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Sydney New South Wales Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Kensington Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyBankstown‐Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health Network, Bankstown Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Bastian Dislich
- Institute of PathologyKantonsspital Baselland Liestal Switzerland
| | - Monika Tripathi
- Cambridge University HospitalsNHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and laboratory MedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California
| | - Robert Riddell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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Modifiable factors and esophageal cancer: a systematic review of published meta-analyses. J Gastroenterol 2018; 53:37-51. [PMID: 28821981 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-017-1375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There are marked differences in the etiology of the major histological types of esophageal cancer (EC)-squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) and adenocarcinomas (EAC). This study aimed to summarize the current scientific knowledge on modifiable risk factors for EC, by histological type, through a systematic review of meta-analyses referenced in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. We identified 100 meta-analyses on risk factors for ESCC (n = 54), EAC (n = 43), or EC (n = 51). ESCC risk significantly increased with alcohol and maté drinking, smoking, red and processed meat consumption and human papillomavirus infection, while it was negatively associated with body mass index and consumption of fruit, vegetables, white meat, folate, and some carotenoids. Cessation of drinking and smoking significantly reduced ESCC risk. For EAC, an increased risk was reported for smoking, body mass index, and red and processed meat consumption, while risk decreased with Helicobacter pylori infection, low/moderate alcohol drinking, physical activity, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, folate, fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. Differences in results between meta-analyses and mechanisms underlying some of the associations found are discussed. This work reinforces the importance of a separate assessment of EC subtypes to allow for a proper evaluation of incidence trends and planning of prevention/control interventions.
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Kigen G, Busakhala N, Kamuren Z, Rono H, Kimalat W, Njiru E. Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:59. [PMID: 29142587 PMCID: PMC5670732 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential association of environmental and genetic risk factors with this high prevalence. The environmental factors that have been suggested include contamination of food by mycotoxins and/or pesticides, consumption of traditional alcohol (locally referred to “Busaa” and “Chan’gaa”), use of fermented milk (“Mursik”), poor diet, tobacco use and genetic predisposition. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the potential contribution of each of the factors that have been postulated to be associated with the high prevalence of the disease in order to establish the most likely cause. We have done this by analyzing the trends, characteristics and behaviours that are specifically unique in the region, and corroborated this with the available literature. From our findings, the most plausible cause of the high incidence of OC among the Kalenjin community is mycotoxins, particularly fumonisins from the food chain resulting from poor handling of cereals; particularly maize combined with traditional alcohol laced with the toxins interacting synergistically with other high-risk factors such as dietary deficiencies associated alcoholism and viral infections, especially HPV. Urgent mitigating strategies should be developed in order to minimize the levels of mycotoxins in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Kigen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Naftali Busakhala
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology; Department of Hematology & Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P. O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Kamuren
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Hillary Rono
- Kitale County Hospital; London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, P.O. Box 98-30200, Kitale, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Kimalat
- Retired Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, Science & Technology, Provisional Administration & Internal Security, Office of the President, P. O. Box 28467-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evangeline Njiru
- Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret, 30100 Kenya
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35
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Shimamura Y, Ikeya T, Marcon N, Mosko JD. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal squamous neoplasia. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 9:438-447. [PMID: 28979708 PMCID: PMC5605343 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v9.i9.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It carries a poor prognosis as more than half of patients present with advanced and unresectable disease. One contributing factor is the increased risk of lymph node metastases at early stages of disease. As such, it is essential to detect squamous cell neoplasia (SCN) at an early stage. In order to risk stratify lesions, endoscopists must be able to perform image enhanced endoscopy including magnification and Lugol’s chromoendoscopy. The assessment of both the horizontal extent and depth of any lesion is also of utmost importance prior to treatment. Endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection remain the standard of care with literature supportive their respective use. Radiofrequency ablation and other endoscopic treatments are currently available although should not be considered first line at this time. Our objective is to review the current options for the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of esophageal SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shimamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
| | - Takashi Ikeya
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Norman Marcon
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Mosko
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
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36
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Pastrez PRA, Mariano VS, da Costa AM, Silva EM, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Guimarães DP, Fava G, Neto SAZ, Nunes EM, Sichero L, Villa LL, Syrjanen KJ, Longatto-Filho A. The Relation of HPV Infection and Expression of p53 and p16 Proteins in Esophageal Squamous Cells Carcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1062-1070. [PMID: 28529620 PMCID: PMC5436260 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GOAL: To investigate the HPV prevalence and characterize the expression of potential molecular surrogate markers of HPV infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of HPV in individuals with and without esophageal cancer (EC) was determined by using multiplex PCR; p16 and p53 protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: High-risk HPV (hr-HPV) was found in the same frequency (13.8%) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and in healthy individuals. The p53 expression was positive in 67.5% of tumor tissue, 20.0% of adjacent non-tumoral tissue and 1.8% of normal esophageal tissue. p16 was positive in 11.6% of esophageal cancer cases and 4.7% of adjacent non-tumoral tissue. p16 was undetectable among control group samples. p53 and p16 levels were not significantly associated with the HPV status. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that hr-HPV types are not associated with the development of ESCC and that p53 and p16 protein expression have no relationship with HPV infection in normal or cancerous esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Roberta Aguiar Pastrez
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Vânia Sammartino Mariano
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Allini Mafra da Costa
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Estela Maria Silva
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Denise Peixoto Guimarães
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil.,Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fava
- Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil
| | | | - Emily Montosa Nunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lina Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo - ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kari Juhani Syrjanen
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Research - Biohit Oyj, Finland
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Teaching and Research Institute, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII Foundation, Brazil.,Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14.Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS / 3B's - Associated Laboratory to the Government of Portugal, Braga / Guimarães, Portugal
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37
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Abstract
HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), more specifically the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, is dramatically increasing in industrialized countries. According to what has been learned from anogenital vaccination programs, there are reasons to believe that current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations may be potentially effective also against HNSCC. However, before specific results on HNSCC are available, one must keep in mind that carcinogenesis in the head and neck region may differ from that of the anogenital tract. Furthermore, the current evidence supports the view that HPV infection is much more complex than simply a sexually transmitted disease. HPV is present in the semen, placenta and in the newborns, and these infections of the newborns create cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against HPV, including the T memory cells. Acquisition of HPV infection in early life will rise new series of questions in the field of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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38
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Zeng ZM, Luo FF, Zou LX, He RQ, Pan DH, Chen X, Xie TT, Li YQ, Peng ZG, Chen G. Human papillomavirus as a potential risk factor for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of 1,917 cases. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7105-7114. [PMID: 27895502 PMCID: PMC5119622 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causally associated with the tumorigenesis of several classes of cancers. However, the prevalence of HPV in gastric cancer (GC) has not yet been systematically reviewed. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the HPV prevalence in patients with GC, and its potential etiologic significance was assessed. Methods The pooled HPV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated among all GC patients. Heterogeneity was described by using the I2 statistic. Sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regression and stratified analyses. The meta-influence was applied to evaluate the influence of a single study on the pooled estimates. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were computed for case–control studies. For research providing clinicopathological parameters of age, sex, pathological, differentiated, and clinical stages, and HPV subtypes, the corresponding pooled ORs and 95% CIs were also calculated. Results Thirty studies were included in the current meta-analysis, involving 1,917 patients with GC and 576 controls. The pooled HPV prevalence was 28.0% (95% CI: 23.2%, 32.7%) among all the patients with GC, and the I2 was 96.9% (P<0.001). A pooled OR of 7.388 (95% CI: 3.876, 14.082) was achieved based on 15 case–control studies (I2=56.7%, P=0.004). Moreover, the HPV prevalence was significantly higher in patients from China than in those from non-Chinese regions (31% vs 9%, I2=95.0%, P<0.001). The pooled prevalence of HPV16 was 21% in GC tissues, and the pooled prevalence of HPV18 was 7% with an OR of 3.314 (95% CI =1.617, 6.792). HPV16 was 3 times more frequently detected than HPV18. Conclusion HPV could play a potential role in the pathogenesis of GC. A causal relationship can be confirmed only by detecting HPV in the cells of GC precursor lesions (gastric dysplasia or adenoma). In addition, this study might be beneficial for expounding the potential etiologic significance of molecular mechanism of gastric tumorigenesis and providing opinions regarding precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei-Fei Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Lin-Xia Zou
- Department of Children Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, China
| | | | - Deng-Hua Pan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Yuan-Qing Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | | | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
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39
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Liu W, Snell JM, Jeck WR, Hoadley KA, Wilkerson MD, Parker JS, Patel N, Mlombe YB, Mulima G, Liomba NG, Wolf LL, Shores CG, Gopal S, Sharpless NE. Subtyping sub-Saharan esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by comprehensive molecular analysis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88755. [PMID: 27734031 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is endemic in regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it is the third most common cancer. Here, we describe whole-exome tumor/normal sequencing and RNA transcriptomic analysis of 59 patients with ESCC in Malawi. We observed similar genetic aberrations as reported in Asian and North American cohorts, including mutations of TP53, CDKN2A, NFE2L2, CHEK2, NOTCH1, FAT1, and FBXW7. Analyses for nonhuman sequences did not reveal evidence for infection with HPV or other occult pathogens. Mutational signature analysis revealed common signatures associated with aging, cytidine deaminase activity (APOBEC), and a third signature of unknown origin, but signatures of inhaled tobacco use, aflatoxin and mismatch repair were notably absent. Based on RNA expression analysis, ESCC could be divided into 3 distinct subtypes, which were distinguished by their expression of cell cycle and neural transcripts. This study demonstrates discrete subtypes of ESCC in SSA, and suggests that the endemic nature of this disease reflects exposure to a carcinogen other than tobacco and oncogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liu
- Department of Genetics.,Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jeff M Snell
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Genetics.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Nirali Patel
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yohannie B Mlombe
- Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Gift Mulima
- Department of Surgery, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Lindsey L Wolf
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carol G Shores
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Satish Gopal
- Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.,UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Genetics.,Department of Medicine.,The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
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40
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Bucchi D, Stracci F, Buonora N, Masanotti G. Human papillomavirus and gastrointestinal cancer: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7415-7430. [PMID: 27672265 PMCID: PMC5011658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Exposure to HPV is very common, and an estimated 65%-100% of sexually active adults are exposed to HPV in their lifetime. The majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic, but there is a 10% chance that individuals will develop a persistent infection and have an increased risk of developing a carcinoma. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has found that the following cancer sites have a strong causal relationship with HPV: cervix uteri, penis, vulva, vagina, anus and oropharynx, including the base of the tongue and the tonsils. However, studies of the aetiological role of HPV in colorectal and esophageal malignancies have conflicting results. The aim of this review was to organize recent evidence and issues about the association between HPV infection and gastrointestinal tumours with a focus on esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. The ultimate goal was to highlight possible implications for prognosis and prevention.
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41
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Kumar R, Ghosh SK, Verma AK, Talukdar A, Deka MK, Wagh M, Bahar HMI, Tapkire R, Chakraborty KP, Kannan RR. p16 Expression as a Surrogate Marker for HPV Infection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma can Predict Response to Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7161-5. [PMID: 26514506 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in the north east of India. The present study concerned the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the ESCC in north eastern India and its impact on response to chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS p16 expression, a surrogate marker for HPV infection was assessed in 101 pre-treatment biopsies of locally advanced ESCC, reported from a comprehensive cancer centre in north east India, using immunohistochemistry. All patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Response was assessed clinically and histopathologically with attention to p16 expression. RESULTS p16 was expressed in 22% of ESCC (22 out of 101) and was more prevalent in patients who were more than 45 years of age (P=0.048). p16 positive tumors appeared more commonly in the upper 2/3 of the thoracic esophagus (18 in 22). Nine of the 22 (41%) p16 positive tumors achieved pathologic complete response following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.008). There was a trend towards reduced mortality in this group (P=0.048). Some 9 of the 20 (45%) patients who achieved pathologic complete response were p16 positive. CONCLUSIONS Expression of p16 in ESCC correlates with higher rate of pathologic complete remission in patients undergoing neo adjuvant chemotherapy and could be a predictive marker for response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Silchar, Assam, India E-mail :
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42
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Human papillomavirus infection and the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma: A meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2016; 79:36-43. [PMID: 27085508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of molecular epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the malignancy of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). However, the results remain inconclusive. Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess this association. Case-control studies investigating SNIP tissues for presence of HPV DNA were identified. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method. An assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. We calculated a pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI=1.46-3.21, P<0.001) without statistically significant heterogeneity or publication bias. Stratification by HPV type showed a stronger association for patients with high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types, HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-16/18 infection (OR=8.8 [95% CI: 4.73-16.38], 8.04 [95% CI: 3.34-19.39], 18.57 [95% CI: 4.56-75.70], and 26.24 [4.35-158.47], respectively). When only using PCR studies, pooled ORs for patients with hrHPV, HPV-16, and HPV18 infection still reached statistical significance. However, Egger's test reflected significant publication bias in the HPV-16 sub-analysis (P=0.06), and the adjusted OR was no longer statistically significant (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 0.58-4.63). These results suggest that HPV infection, especially hrHPV (HPV-18), is significantly associated with malignant SNIP.
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43
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Abstract
Despite the potentially important roles of diet and nutrition in cancer prevention, the evidence to support these roles is widely perceived by the public and health professionals as being inconsistent. In this Review, we present the issues and challenges in conducting and interpreting diet-cancer research, including those relating to the design of epidemiological studies, dietary data collection methods, and factors that affect the outcome of intervention trials. Approaches to improve effect estimates, such as the use of biomarkers to improve the accuracy of characterizing dietary exposures, are also discussed. Nutritional and dietary patterns are complex; therefore, the use of a reductionist approach to investigations, by focusing on specific nutrients, can produce misleading information. The effects of tumour heterogeneity and the failure to appreciate the nonlinear, U-shaped relationship between micronutrients and cancer in both observational studies and clinical trials are discussed. New technologies and investigational approaches are enabling the exploration of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, and gut-microbial processes that will inform our knowledge of the diet-cancer relationship. Communicating the status of the evolving science in the context of the overall scientific evidence base, and evidence-based dietary recommendations for cancer prevention, should be emphasized in guidance for the public and for individual patients.
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44
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Ohashi S, Miyamoto S, Kikuchi O, Goto T, Amanuma Y, Muto M. Recent Advances From Basic and Clinical Studies of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1700-15. [PMID: 26376349 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive squamous cell carcinomas and is highly prevalent in Asia. Alcohol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, are considered definite carcinogens for the esophagus. Polymorphisms in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene, which encodes an enzyme that eliminates acetaldehyde, have been associated with esophageal carcinogenesis. Studies of the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of acetaldehyde support this observation. Several recent large-scale comprehensive analyses of the genomic alterations in ESCC have shown a high frequency of mutations in genes such as TP53 and others that regulate the cell cycle or cell differentiation. Moreover, whole genome and whole exome sequencing studies have frequently detected somatic mutations, such as G:C→A:T transitions or G:C→C:G transversions, in ESCC tissues. Genomic instability, caused by abnormalities in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, is also considered a pathogenic mechanism of ESCC. Advances in diagnostic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging or positron emission tomography have increased the accuracy of diagnosis of ESCC. Updated guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network standardize the practice for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. Patients with ESCC are treated endoscopically or with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, based on tumor stage. Minimally invasive treatments help improve the quality of life of patients who undergo such treatments. We review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of ESCC and advances gained from basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Amanuma
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital Cancer Center, Kyoto, Japan.
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45
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Dong HC, Cui XB, Wang LH, Li M, Shen YY, Zhu JB, Li CF, Hu JM, Li SG, Yang L, Zhang WJ, Chen YZ, Li F. Type-specific detection of human papillomaviruses in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by genotyping both E6 and L1 genes with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13156-13165. [PMID: 26722514 PMCID: PMC4680459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have suggested a relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, findings are inconclusive, potentially because of geographic heterogeneity and variations in detection methods. OBJECTIVES We sought to further investigate the prevalence of HPV with a new detection method, the MassARRAY Sequenom technique, in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas occurring in patients belonging to Kazakh populations in Xinjiang, China. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, a novel genotyping method for detecting 30 HPV genotypes, specifically by genotyping both the HPV E6 and L1 genes with multiplex PCR using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (PCR-MS) was first adopted to evaluate HPV genotypes in 89 esophageal cancer samples and 49 matched adjacent normal esophageal tissues. RESULTS Six HPV genotypes (HPV6, HPV16, HPV33, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV82) were present in at least 51.7% of the esophageal carcinoma tissues, which was significantly greater than 28.6% prevalence among controls (P < 0.05). HPV16 was the most common of all the genotypes investigated (HPV16 prevalence in carcinoma tissue: 49.4%; odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.39-6.53). HPV-positive ESCC patients were generally younger than HPV-negative patients (P = 0.04). In addition, HPV infection was more common in cases of well-differentiated and shallower invasive depth. CONCLUSIONS Based on this new detection method, our findings reiterate the possibility that HPV infection (especially HPV16) may be involved in the etiology of esophageal carcinoma in the Kazakh populations and that HPV E6 gene positivity may be associated with prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Dong
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Liaocheng People’s HospitalLiaocheng, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Cui
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang-Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yao-Yuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jian-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-Gang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine and Health Management Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, Xinjiang, China
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46
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Zang B, Huang G, Wang X, Zheng S. HPV-16 E6 promotes cell growth of esophageal cancer via downregulation of miR-125b and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:13687-13694. [PMID: 26722596 PMCID: PMC4680541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a possible cause of esophageal cancer. However, the molecular pathogenesis of HPV-infected esophageal cancer remains unclear. The expression levels of some microRNAs including miR-125b have been negatively correlated with HPV infection, and miR-125b downregulation is associated with tumorigenesis. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been suggested to play an important role in esophageal cancer (EC). We examined miR-125b and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HPV-16 E6 promoted tumor progression in EC. HPV-16 E6 transfection decreased markedly the expression levels of miR-125b and promoted the colony formation in the Eca 109 and Kyse 150 cell lines, and restoration of miR-125b expression level antagonized the increased colony formation in HPV-16 E6 transfected cell lines. We also demonstrated that overexpression of E6 upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity via modulating the multiple regulators including TLE1, GSK3β, and sFRP4. Overexpression of miR-125b restored the expression levels of these proteins. Expression of miR-125b was lower in HPV-16 E6 positive esophageal cancer tissues, and was negatively correlated with E6 mRNA levels. Our results indicate that HPV-16 E6 promotes tumorigenesis in EC via down-regulation of miR-125b, and this underlying mechanism may be involved in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Sugery, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guojin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityJiangsu 210003, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Sugery, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityHuai’an 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiying Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
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47
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Wang K, Johnson A, Ali SM, Klempner SJ, Bekaii-Saab T, Vacirca JL, Khaira D, Yelensky R, Chmielecki J, Elvin JA, Lipson D, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Ross JS. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Reveals Similarities and Differences. Oncologist 2015; 20:1132-9. [PMID: 26336083 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) account for >95% of esophageal malignancies and represent a major global health burden. ESCC is the dominant histology globally but represents a minority of U.S. cases, with EAC accounting for the majority of U.S. CASES The patient outcomes for advanced ESCC and EAC are poor, and new therapeutic options are needed. Using a sensitive sequencing assay, we compared the genomic profiles of ESCC and EAC with attention to identification of therapeutically relevant genomic alterations. METHODS Next-generation sequencing-based comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries to a median coverage depth of >650× for all coding exons of 315 cancer-related genes plus selected introns from 28 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Results from a single sample were evaluated for all classes of genomic alterations (GAs) including point mutations, short insertions and deletions, gene amplifications, homozygous deletions, and fusions/rearrangements. Clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs) were defined as alterations linked to approved drugs and those under evaluation in mechanism-driven clinical trials. RESULTS There were no significant differences by sex for either tumor type, and the median age for all patients was 63 years. All ESCCs and EACs were at an advanced stage at the time of sequencing. All 71 ESCCs and 231 EACs featured GAs on profiling, with 522 GAs in ESCC (7.4 per sample) and 1,303 GAs in EAC (5.6 per sample). The frequency of clinically relevant GAs in ESCC was 94% (2.6 per sample) and 93% in EAC (2.7 per sample). CRGAs occurring more frequently in EAC included KRAS (23% EAC vs. 6% ESCC) and ERBB2 (23% EAC vs. 3% ESCC). ESCC samples were enriched for CRGA in PIK3CA (24% ESCC vs. 10% EAC), PTEN (11% ESCC vs. 4% EAC), and NOTCH1 (17% ESCC vs. 3% EAC). Other GAs that differed significantly between histologic tumor types included SMAD4 (14% EAC vs. 1% ESCC), RB1 (14% ESCC vs. 2% EAC), SOX2 (18% ESCC vs. 1% EAC), and NFE2L2 (24% ESCC vs. 1% EAC). CONCLUSION ESCC and EAC share similarly high frequencies of overall and clinically relevant genomic alterations; however, the profiles of genomic alterations in the two diseases differ widely, with KRAS and ERBB2 far more frequently altered in EAC compared with ESCC and with mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway genes (PIK3CA and PTEN) and NOTCH1 more frequently altered in ESCC compared with EAC. Comprehensive genomic profiling highlights the promise of identifying clinically relevant genomic alterations in both ESCC and EAC and suggests new avenues for molecularly directed therapies in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Adrienne Johnson
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Vacirca
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Depinder Khaira
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Roman Yelensky
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Juliann Chmielecki
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Julia A Elvin
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Doron Lipson
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Vincent A Miller
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Stephens
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA; The Ohio State University-James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; National Translational Research Group, New York, New York, USA; Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Ludmir EB, Stephens SJ, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Human papillomavirus tumor infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:287-95. [PMID: 26029456 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been recognized for over three decades. Recently, multiple meta-analyses have drawn upon existing literature to assess the strength of the HPV-ESCC linkage. Here, we review these analyses and attempt to provide a clinically-relevant overview of HPV infection in ESCC. HPV-ESCC detection rates are highly variable across studies. Geographic location likely accounts for a majority of the variation in HPV prevalence, with high-incidence regions including Asia reporting significantly higher HPV-ESCC infection rates compared with low-incidence regions such as Europe, North America, and Oceania. Based on our examination of existing data, the current literature does not support the notion that HPV is a prominent carcinogen in ESCC. We conclude that there is no basis to change the current clinical approach to ESCC patients with respect to tumor HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah J Stephens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian G Czito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most prevalent malignant tumor and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. Despite the technical developments in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate is still low. The etiology of EC remains poorly understood; multiple risk factors may be involved and account for the great variation in EC incidence in different geographic regions. SUMMARY Infection with carcinogenetic pathogens has been proposed as a risk factor for EC. This review explores the recent studies on the association of human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Helicobacter pylori and esophageal bacterial biota with EC. KEY MESSAGE Among the above-mentioned pathogens, HPV most likely contributes to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk populations. New techniques are being applied to studies on the role of infection in EC, which will inevitably bring novel ideas to the field in the near future. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Multiple meta-analyses support the finding of a higher HPV detection rate in regions associated with high risk for ESCC compared to low-risk areas. A potential role of HPV in the rise of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was proposed recently. However, further studies are required before a firm conclusion can be drawn. Less work has been done in studying the association between EBV and ESCC, and the results are quite controversial. H. pylori infection is found to be inversely related to EC, which is probably due to the reduced incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Analysis of the esophageal bacterial biota revealed distinct clusters of bacteria in normal and diseased esophagi. A type II microbiome rich in Gram-negative bacteria potentially contributes to EAC by inducing chronic inflammation. Novel findings from such studies as these may benefit public health by justifying anti-infection measures to prevent EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Xu
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Liu
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Quncha Bao
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikan Qian
- Unit of Herpesvirus and Molecular Virology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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