1
|
Shen H, Ma Z, Hans E, Duan Y, Bi GH, Chae YC, Bonifazi A, Battiti FO, Newman AH, Xi ZX, Yang Y. Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor in impulsive choice decision-making in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110051. [PMID: 38917939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Impulsive decision-making has been linked to impulse control disorders and substance use disorders. However, the neural mechanisms underlying impulsive choice are not fully understood. While previous PET imaging and autoradiography studies have shown involvement of dopamine and D2/3 receptors in impulsive behavior, the roles of distinct D1, D2, and D3 receptors in impulsive decision-making remain unclear. In this study, we used a food reward delay-discounting task (DDT) to identify low- and high-impulsive rats, in which low-impulsive rats exhibited preference for large delayed reward over small immediate rewards, while high-impulsive rats showed the opposite preference. We then examined D1, D2, and D3 receptor gene expression using RNAscope in situ hybridization assays. We found that high-impulsive male rats exhibited lower levels of D2 and D3, and particularly D3, receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), with no significant changes in the insular, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices. Based on these findings, we further explored the role of the D3 receptor in impulsive decision-making. Systemic administration of a selective D3 receptor agonist (FOB02-04) significantly reduced impulsive choices in high-impulsive rats but had no effects in low-impulsive rats. Conversely, a selective D3 receptor antagonist (VK4-116) produced increased both impulsive and omission choices in both groups of rats. These findings suggest that impulsive decision-making is associated with a reduction in D3 receptor expression in the NAc. Selective D3 receptor agonists, but not antagonists, may hold therapeutic potentials for mitigating impulsivity in high-impulsive subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zilu Ma
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emma Hans
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ying Duan
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yurim C Chae
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodriguez VJ, Basurto KS, Finley JCA, Liu Q, Khalid E, Halliburton AM, Tse PKY, Resch ZJ, Soble JR, Ulrich DM. Multidimensional ADHD Symptom Profiles: Associations with Adverse Childhood Experiences. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae050. [PMID: 38916192 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a range of negative health outcomes, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurocognitive deficits. This study identified symptom profiles in adult patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluations for ADHD and examined the association between these profiles and ACEs. METHODS Utilizing unsupervised machine learning models, the study analyzed data from 208 adult patients. RESULTS The Gaussian Mixture Model revealed two distinct symptom profiles: "Severely Impaired" and "Moderately Impaired". The "Severely Impaired" profile, 23.6% of the sample, was characterized by more severe ADHD symptomatology in childhood and worse neurocognitive performance. The "Moderately Impaired" profile, 76.4% of the sample, had scores in the average range for self-reported internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and better neurocognitive performance. There was a greater number of ACEs reported by patients in the Severely Impaired profile than the Moderately Impaired profile (p = .022). Specifically, using an ACEs cutoff of ≥4, 53.1% of patients in the Severely Impaired profile reported four or more ACEs, compared with 34.6% in the Moderately Impaired profile (p = .020). Profiles were not related to clinician-ascribed diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Findings underscore the association between ACEs and worse symptom profiles marked by impaired neurocognitive function, increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and heightened perceived stress in adults with ADHD. Future research may explore the effect of ACEs on symptom profiles in diverse populations and potential moderators or mediators of these associations. Findings offers valuable insights for clinicians in their assessment and treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen S Basurto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John-Christopher A Finley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elmma Khalid
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary J Resch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason R Soble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Devin M Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wimbarti S, Kairupan BHR, Tallei TE. Critical review of self-diagnosis of mental health conditions using artificial intelligence. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:344-358. [PMID: 38345132 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised various aspects of our lives, including mental health nursing. AI-driven tools and applications have provided a convenient and accessible means for individuals to assess their mental well-being within the confines of their homes. Nonetheless, the widespread trend of self-diagnosing mental health conditions through AI poses considerable risks. This review article examines the perils associated with relying on AI for self-diagnosis in mental health, highlighting the constraints and possible adverse outcomes that can arise from such practices. It delves into the ethical, psychological, and social implications, underscoring the vital role of mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, and nursing specialists, in providing professional assistance and guidance. This article aims to highlight the importance of seeking professional assistance and guidance in addressing mental health concerns, especially in the era of AI-driven self-diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supra Wimbarti
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - B H Ralph Kairupan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Trina Ekawati Tallei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Yagon M, Borenstein T. Adolescents' executive functions: Links to inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, trait mindfulness, and attachment relationships with fathers and mothers. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 124:104212. [PMID: 35278837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Considering the important role of executive functions (EF) for adjustment across the lifespan, this study aimed to deepen understanding of protective/risk factors for EF in a potentially vulnerable population: adolescents with ADHD. This study compared adolescents with versus without ADHD for differences in EF, attachment relationships with fathers/mothers, and trait mindfulness and investigated these possible protective/risk factors' contributions to EF in both adolescent groups. METHODS Ninth graders (N = 91; 49 boys, 42 girls) ages 14-15 years (M = 14.50, SD = 0.50) comprised 45 with ADHD and 46 with typical development (TD). Adolescents completed three self-reports (trait mindfulness, attachment to mother/father). Mothers rated their adolescents' ADHD symptoms and EF. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Significantly more maladaptive outcomes emerged for adolescents with ADHD than TD in their EF, attachment with mothers, and mindfulness. Regression analyses demonstrated the significant risk posed by ADHD symptoms and the protection offered by trait mindfulness and attachment with fathers in explaining EF. Discussion focused on understanding these protective/risk factors' possibly unique and complementary roles, suggesting interventions for adolescents with ADHD in family and school settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tal Borenstein
- School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Areces D, Rodríguez C, García T, Cueli M, González-Castro P. The Influence of State and Trait Anxiety on the Achievement of a Virtual Reality Continuous Performance Test in Children and Adolescents with ADHD Symptoms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122534. [PMID: 34200987 PMCID: PMC8229147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The three types of presentations of ADHD often co-occur with other disorders, anxiety being one of the most prevalent. For this reason and because there are few studies that have examined the influence of anxiety on attentional activities, this study aims to determine how internalizing difficulties (anxiety levels) can influence performance in a virtual reality continuous performance test. The study used a non-probabilistic clinical sample comprising 68 boys (66%) and 35 girls (34%) aged between 6 and 16 (M = 12.24; SD = 2.45) who had been referred to clinical services for the evaluation of ADHD symptoms. Once informed consent was given, the children were administered the STAI-C scale and a virtual reality continuous performance test by expert researchers. Hierarchical regression models showed that only state anxiety demonstrated significant explanatory power over attentional variables. These findings confirm how important it is for children to feel relaxed when they undergo psychological evaluation tests, as otherwise the individual’s intervention design would be based on biased data. Similarly, the findings also suggested an effect of IQ in the interpretation of continuous performance scores.
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34091591 PMCID: PMC8179928 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55-66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kamal M, Al-Shibli S, Shahbal S, Yadav SK. Impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and gender differences on academic and social difficulties among adolescents in Qatari Schools. Qatar Med J 2021:11. [PMID: 33777722 PMCID: PMC7961152 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2021.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the social and academic impact of adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and gender differences compared with their non-ADHD peers. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study using a standardized rating scale of teacher observations was conducted in the schools of Qatar from 7th to 12th grades. Teachers completed Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP-IV) rating scale questionnaires for the ADHD core symptoms together with nine questions to evaluate the academic and social difficulties in all participants. Results: A total of 1775 students (mean age: 15 ± 1.5 years; boys/girls: 717/1058) were included in this study. Based on the SNAP-IV rating scale, 150 students were showing core symptoms of ADHD and classified as having ADHD (8.5%; boys/girls; 93/57) and 1625 students as non-ADHD peers (91.5%; boys/girls; 624/1001). Prevalence of ADHD among adolescent students is 8.5%, and it varied significantly between genders with 13% of boys and 5.4% of girls affected by this disorder. Adolescents with ADHD had more academic and social difficulties than their non-ADHD peers, the boys more so than the girls. Boys with inattentive subtype of ADHD had more academic difficulties than girls, while girls had more social difficulties than boys. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that ADHD among adolescents is substantially associated with academic and social difficulties in the school environment. Gender differences among students with ADHD should be considered in the school and clinical environment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Yagon M, Forte D, Avrahami L. Executive Functions and Attachment Relationships in Children With ADHD: Links to Externalizing/Internalizing Problems, Social Skills, and Negative Mood Regulation. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1876-1890. [PMID: 28918685 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717730608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Theoretical models suggest multiple underlying pathways for ADHD and multiple risk factors' co-occurrence as impairing this population's affective, interpersonal, and behavioral adjustment. After comparing groups' executive functioning (EF) difficulties and attachment security with each parent, this study primarily aimed to examine four risk factors (ADHD, child-father attachment, child-mother attachment, EF) as possibly explaining children's socioemotional/behavioral measures (externalizing/internalizing behavior, social skills, negative mood regulation). Method: Participants were 100 children in Grades 5-6 (ages 11-12 years; M=11.45 years, SD=.50): 50 with formally diagnosed ADHD, and 50 with typical development (TD). Instruments were children's self-report measures and teachers' evaluation. Results: Significant group differences emerged on all EF measures and attachment relationships, and most socioemotional/behavioral measures. Findings demonstrated the significant contribution of children's ADHD, parental attachments, and, partially, EF difficulties in explaining children's socioemotional/behavioral adjustment. Conclusion: Children with ADHD, compared to children with TD, reported significantly larger EF deficits and a significantly higher incidence of insecure attachment to the father as well as a lower sense of trust and closeness to the mother. Outcomes highlighted the role of children's four risk factors (ADHD, child-father attachment, child-mother attachment, EF) in explaining their socioemotional/behavioral adjustment. The EF deficits contributed only to intrapersonal maladjustment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Poehacker S, Phillips D, Riggs J, Lauterbach D. Longitudinal Trajectory of Exposure to Psychological Interpersonal Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:3331-3354. [PMID: 29294755 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517707309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychological intimate partner violence (P-IPV) refers to verbal abuse from one partner to another and abuse of power or control from one partner to another. To date, no studies have examined the longitudinal course of P-IPV exposure among mothers or the effect that witnessing P-IPV can have on their children. Using latent class growth analysis, the current study identified five trajectory groups with the following intercept and growth characteristics: low stable, low-increasing, moderate-decreasing, high-decreasing, and consistently elevated. Membership in the four groups characterized by higher P-IPV exposure was predicted by maternal race and exposure to physical abuse. The children of mothers in the low-increasing and consistently elevated groups had elevated scores on the Internalizing and Externalizing scales of the Childhood Behavior Checklist. These findings remained after controlling for child sex, race, cumulative trauma exposure, and maternal depression.
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Yagon M, Lachmi M, Shalev L. Coping strategies among adults with ADHD: The mediational role of attachment relationship patterns. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 102:103657. [PMID: 32334268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For adults with attention/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), research is scarce on their coping with stress (despite studies demonstrating other self-regulation deficits) and their attachment patterns (despite rare research in younger persons with ADHD showing high vulnerability to insecure attachments). Attachment was linked with coping and self-regulation in general populations but not yet in ADHD. This study explored the possible mediational role of attachment patterns in explaining associations between adults' ADHD symptoms and dysregulated coping. METHODS Participants comprised 62 adults (32 females, 30 males) ages 21-40 years (M = 27.60, SD = 4.80) in two groups: 31 adults with formally diagnosed ADHD and 31 demographically matched adults without ADHD. Instruments included computerized neuropsychological tests (sustained/executive attention) and self-reports (ADHD, coping, attachment). RESULTS Disorder status was verified via ADHD-symptom self-reports and computerized testing. Preliminary analyses revealed significant intergroup differences on coping strategies and attachment. PROCESS analyses (Hayes, 2013) pinpointed attachment measures' mediating role (especially attachment anxiety) regarding ADHD's association with coping. CONCLUSIONS Significantly more maladaptive attachment and coping outcomes emerged for adults with ADHD than controls. Attachment insecurity's role in mediating ADHD's association with coping was partially supported. Possible unique adaptive value of attachment relationships was discussed for coping with stressors in adulthood with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Lachmi
- School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lilach Shalev
- School of Education, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vaidya CJ, You X, Mostofsky S, Pereira F, Berl MM, Kenworthy L. Data-driven identification of subtypes of executive function across typical development, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:51-61. [PMID: 31509248 PMCID: PMC6906253 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of executive function (EF), the goal-directed regulation of thoughts, actions, and emotions, drives negative outcomes and is common across neurodevelopmental disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A primary challenge to its amelioration is heterogeneity in symptom expression within and across disorders. Parsing this heterogeneity is necessary to attain diagnostic precision, a goal of the NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative. We aimed to identify transdiagnostic subtypes of EF that span the normal to impaired spectrum and establish their predictive and neurobiological validity. METHODS Community detection was applied to clinical parent-report measures in 8-14-year-old children with and without ADHD and ASD from two independent cohorts (discovery N = 320; replication N = 692) to identify subgroups with distinct behavioral profiles. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was used to predict subgroup membership of unseen cases. Preliminary neurobiological validation was obtained with existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on a subsample (N = 84) by testing hypotheses about sensitivity of EF subgroups versus DSM categories. RESULTS We observed three transdiagnostic EF subtypes characterized by behavioral profiles that were defined by relative weakness in: (a) flexibility and emotion regulation; (b) inhibition; and (c) working memory, organization, and planning. The same tripartite structure was also present in the typically developing children. SVM trained on the discovery sample and tested on the replication sample classified subgroup membership with 77.0% accuracy. Split-half SVM classification on the combined sample (N = 1,012) yielded 88.9% accuracy (this SVM is available for public use). As hypothesized, frontal-parietal engagement was better distinguished by EF subtype than DSM diagnosis and the subgroup characterized with inflexibility failed to modulate right IPL activation in response to increased executive demands. CONCLUSIONS The observed transdiagnostic subtypes refine current diagnostic nosology and augment clinical decision-making for personalizing treatment of executive dysfunction in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan J. Vaidya
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057,Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC 20010
| | - Xiaozhen You
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC 20010
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Francisco Pereira
- Machine Learning Team, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Madison M. Berl
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC 20010
| | - Lauren Kenworthy
- Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington DC 20010
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
While emotional dysregulation is a broad construct, the current paper adopts a narrow approach to facilitate translational neuroscience research on pediatric anxiety. The paper first presents data on an adapted version of the antisaccade task and then integrates these data into a research framework. Data on an adapted version of the antisaccade task were collected in 57 youth, including 35 seeking treatment for an anxiety disorder. Associations were examined between performance on the antisaccade task and (a) age, (b) performance on other cognitive-control tasks (i.e., the stop-signal delay and flanker tasks), and (c) level of anxiety symptoms. Better performance on the antisaccade task occurred in older relative to younger subjects and correlated with better performance on the flanker task. Across the 57 youth, higher levels of anxiety correlated with shorter latency for correct antisaccades. These data can be placed within a three-step framework for translational neuroscience research. In the first step, a narrow index of emotion dysregulation is targeted. In the second step, this narrow index is linked to other correlated indicators of the same underlying narrow latent construct. In the third and final step, associations are examined with clinical outcomes and response to treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Isbell E, Calkins SD, Swingler MM, Leerkes EM. Attentional fluctuations in preschoolers: Direct and indirect relations with task accuracy, academic readiness, and school performance. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 167:388-403. [PMID: 29274944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Attentional control fluctuates in the presence of internal and external distractors, wandering on and off a given task. The current study investigated individual differences in attentional fluctuations in 250 preschoolers. Attentional fluctuations were assessed via intra-individual variability in response time in a Go/No-Go task. Greater fluctuations in attentional control were linked to lower task accuracy. In addition, greater attentional fluctuations predicted lower performance in a task of cognitive flexibility, the Dimensional Change Card Sort task. Attentional fluctuations were also associated with laboratory measures of academic readiness in preschool, as assessed by the Applied Problems and Letter-Word Identification subscales of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, which in turn predicted teacher reports of academic performance in first grade. Attentional fluctuations also had indirect associations with emergent math skills in preschool, via cognitive flexibility, as well as indirect associations with first-grade teacher reports of academic performance, via the relations between cognitive flexibility and emergent math skills in preschool. These results suggest that consistency is an important aspect of attentional control during early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Isbell
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Susan D Calkins
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Margaret M Swingler
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Esther M Leerkes
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahrick LE, Todd JT, Soska KC. The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP): Characterizing individual differences in multisensory attention skills in infants and children and relations with language and cognition. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:2207-2225. [PMID: 30359058 PMCID: PMC6263835 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory attention skills provide a crucial foundation for early cognitive, social, and language development, yet there are no fine-grained, individual difference measures of these skills appropriate for preverbal children. The Multisensory Attention Assessment Protocol (MAAP) fills this need. In a single video-based protocol requiring no language skills, the MAAP assesses individual differences in three fundamental building blocks of attention to multisensory events-the duration of attention maintenance, the accuracy of intersensory (audiovisual) matching, and the speed of shifting-for both social and nonsocial events, in the context of high and low competing visual stimulation. In Experiment 1, 2- to 5-year-old children (N = 36) received the MAAP and assessments of language and cognitive functioning. In Experiment 2 the procedure was streamlined and presented to 12-month-olds (N = 48). Both infants and children showed high levels of attention maintenance to social and nonsocial events, impaired attention maintenance and speed of shifting when competing stimulation was high, and significant intersensory matching. Children showed longer maintenance, faster shifting, and less impairment from competing stimulation than infants. In 2- to 5-year-old children, duration and accuracy were intercorrelated, showed increases with age, and predicted cognitive and language functioning. The MAAP opens the door to assessing developmental pathways between early attention patterns to audiovisual events and language, cognitive, and social development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
15
|
Aretouli E. How neuropsychology can inform our understanding of preschool ADHD: Clinical and research implications. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2018; 8:174-181. [PMID: 29364695 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2017.1421463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological assessments in preschoolers have not received as much attention as in older children and adults. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder that occurs in early childhood associated with poor academic and personal outcomes, such as learning and social difficulties. Preschoolers with ADHD may present cognitive deficits that are related with the ADHD symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but may also interfere, beyond and above the ADHD symptoms, with everyday functioning. Most importantly, cognitive deficits in preschoolers seem to predict future ADHD symptoms. Yet, the practice of neuropsychological assessment in this age-group has been limited. The present selective review highlights the contribution of comprehensive neuropsychological assessments to the early identification of symptomatic preschoolers and to our understanding of the nature and developmental trajectory of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Aretouli
- a Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roitblat Y, Cleminson R, Kavin A, Schonberger E, Shterenshis M. Assessment of anxiety in adolescents involved in a study abroad program: a prospective study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2017; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2017-0101/ijamh-2017-0101.xml. [PMID: 29168962 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2017-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to measure the effects on levels of anxiety in healthy teenagers caused by a temporary change of country and school during a study abroad program. Methods In a prospective study we gathered the data from six anxiety level related tests on high school participants in a study abroad program (age 15-17, n = 364, M 172, F 192). These volunteer participants were divided into two separate groups: with self-reported elevated levels of anxiety (n = 111; YES-group) and with self-reported normal levels of anxiety (n = 253; NO-group). Two control groups of schoolchildren drawn from two local schools were used for comparison (n = 100 each). Three tests were subjective, i.e. self-fill-out tests. The next three tests were objective psychological or neurophysiological tests designed to estimate reflex control, concentration and a feeling for the passage of time. Results The initial mean anxiety level score among the 364 participants was 41.5 ± 16.7 (min 16, max 80) on 5-110 scale. For the YES-group the score was 56.5 ± 15.9, and for the NO-group the score was 34.7 ± 17.4 (p = 0.05). The retesting after they had been in the same place for 7 weeks revealed that the mean anxiety level score of the participants decreased to 37.4 ± 16.9 (min 15, max 72). For the YES-group the score significantly decreased to 39.3 ± 15.5, and for the NO-group the score slightly elevated to 36.7 ± 16.4 producing similar results for both groups (p = 0.81). Conclusion A temporary change of country and school at first results in a rise in anxiety levels in about one third of participants. However, after an extended stay it falls to normal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Roitblat
- Department of Sciences, Yohana Jabotinsky Youth Town for Sciences and Arts Six Year Comprehensive School, Beer Yakov, Israel
| | - Ryan Cleminson
- Department of Psychology, Mount Moriah College, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron Kavin
- Department of Psychology, Mount Moriah College, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edan Schonberger
- Department of Psychology, Mount Moriah College, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Shterenshis
- Department of Sciences, Alexander Muss High School in Israel (AMHSI) affiliated to Alexander Muss Institute for Israel Education (AMIIE), Hod HaSharon, Israel.,AMHSI, 8/6 Shivat Zion Street, Rishon LeZion 7534141, Israel, Phone: 97254-337-9865
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aggressiveness, social support and school experiences as dimensions differentiating negative and positive adaptation among adolescents. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2017.70740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Background</b><br />
The study results presented below lie within a field of study which seeks to identify appropriate risk indicators for risky behaviours in the group of adolescents. The study drew on the tenets of developmental psychopathology. Adaptation assessment was performed on the basis of an objective indicator which comprised adolescents’ problems with social functioning.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
The main determinants of the observed changes in behaviour and the development of adaptation pathways during the period of adolescence were considered to include bio-psycho-social temperamental factors (Buss & Plomin, 1984), attachment patterns (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), trait of aggressiveness (Buss & Perry, 1992), conditions created by the environment (support of family members, peers and teachers [Malecki & Demaray, 2002]) as well as previous experiences such as being a victim of violence (Osterman & Bjorqvist, 2008) or the level of school success. The final study group comprised a total of 140 positively and 140 negatively adapted teenagers (N = 280) between the ages of 12 and 19. The study was carried out in Poland.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
The study confirmed the gender effect, demonstrating a higher frequency of involvement in risky behaviours among boys. The results from searching for differences between positively and negatively adapted teens showed that in the negatively adapted group there were lower grades at school and more frequent aggressive behaviour.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The main conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that the potential prophylactic and therapeutic interventions require consideration of factors such as age, educational success, aggressiveness and social support.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cory-Slechta DA, Sobolewski M, Varma G, Schneider JS. Developmental Lead and/or Prenatal Stress Exposures Followed by Different Types of Behavioral Experience Result in the Divergence of Brain Epigenetic Profiles in a Sex, Brain Region, and Time-Dependent Manner: Implications for Neurotoxicology. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 6:60-70. [PMID: 29430559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a lifetime, early developmental exposures to neurocognitive risk factors, such as lead (Pb) exposures and prenatal stress (PS), will be followed by multiple varied behavioral experiences. Pb, PS and behavioral experience can each influence brain epigenetic profiles. Our recent studies show a greater level of complexity, however, as all three factors interact within each sex to generate differential adult variation in global post-translational histone modifications (PTHMs), which may result in fundamentally different consequences for life-long learning and behavioral function. We have reported that PTHM profiles differ by sex, brain region and time point of measurement following developmental exposures to Pb±PS, resulting in different profiles for each unique combination of these parameters. Imposing differing behavioral experience following developmental Pb±PS results in additional divergence of PTHM profiles, again in a sex, brain region and time-dependent manner, further increasing complexity. Such findings underscore the need to link highly localized and variable epigenetic changes along single genes to the highly-integrated brain functional connectome that is ultimately responsible for governing behavioral function. Here we advance the idea that increased understanding may be achieved through iterative reductionist and holistic approaches. Implications for experimental design of animal studies of developmental exposures to neurotoxicants include the necessity of a 'no behavioral experience' group, given that epigenetic changes in response to behavioral testing can confound effects of the neurotoxicant itself. They also suggest the potential utility of the inclusion of salient behavioral experiences as a potential effect modifier in epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY
| | - G Varma
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goradia DD, Vogel S, Mohl B, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Rajan U, Robin A, Rosenberg DR, Stanley JA. Distinct differences in striatal dysmorphology between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys with and without a comorbid reading disability. Psychiatry Res 2016; 258:30-36. [PMID: 27835798 PMCID: PMC5135620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence of greater cognitive deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a comorbid reading disability (ADHD/+RD) compared to ADHD alone (ADHD/-RD). Additionally, the striatum has been consistently implicated in ADHD. However, the extent of morphological alterations in the striatum of ADHD/+RD is poorly understood, which is the main purpose of this study. Based on structural MRI images, the surface deformation of the caudate and putamen was assessed in 59 boys matching in age and IQ [19 ADHD/-RD, 15 ADHD/+RD and 25 typically developing controls (TDC)]. A vertex based analysis with multiple comparison correction was conducted to compare ADHD/-RD and ADHD/+RD to TDC. Compared to TDC, ADHD/+RD showed multiple bilateral significant clusters of surface compression. In contrast, ADHD/-RD showed fewer significant clusters of surface compression and restricted to the left side. Regarding the putamen, only ADHD/-RD showed significant clusters of surface compression. Results demonstrate for the first time a greater extent of morphological alterations in the caudate of ADHD/+RD than ADHD/-RD compared to TDC, which may suggest greater implicated cortical areas projecting to the caudate that are associated with the greater neuropsychological impairments observed in ADHD/+RD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brianne Mohl
- Department of Radiology and Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arthur Robin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wagner F, Rohde LAD, Trentini CM. Neuropsicologia do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: Modelos Neuropsicológicos e Resultados de Estudos Empíricos. PSICO-USF 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712016210311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Diferentes modelos teóricos foram propostos para explicar os déficits neuropsicológicos e seu impacto no comportamento de indivíduos com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Os objetivos deste artigo serão apresentar os principais modelos neuropsicológicos do TDAH e possibilitar uma atualização acerca dos principais achados relacionados ao funcionamento neuropsicológico de pacientes com esse diagnóstico. Revisões e meta-análises sobre funcionamento executivo, aversão à resposta tardia, processamento temporal e variações intraindividuais no tempo de reação são apresentadas. O perfil neuropsicológico de pacientes com TDAH é heterogêneo e testes neuropsicológicos não são suficientemente sensíveis e específicos para realização do diagnóstico, embora sejam muito importantes na identificação do perfil cognitivo para estabelecimento de um plano de tratamento mais abrangente e adequado às necessidades especificas de cada paciente.
Collapse
|
21
|
Waxegård G, Thulesius H. Integrating care for neurodevelopmental disorders by unpacking control: A grounded theory study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2016; 11:31987. [PMID: 27609793 PMCID: PMC5016529 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v11.31987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish integrated healthcare pathways for patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is challenging. This study sets out to investigate the main concerns for healthcare professionals when integrating ND care pathways and how they resolve these concerns. METHODS Using classic grounded theory (Glaser), we analysed efforts to improve and integrate an ND care pathway for children and youth in a Swedish region over a period of 6 years. Data from 42 individual interviews with a range of ND professionals, nine group interviews with healthcare teams, participant observation, a 2-day dialogue conference, focus group meetings, regional media coverage, and reports from other Swedish regional ND projects were analysed. RESULTS The main concern for participants was to deal with overwhelming ND complexity by unpacking control, which is control over strategies to define patients' status and needs. Unpacking control is key to the professionals' strivings to expand constructive life space for patients, to squeeze health care to reach available care goals, to promote professional ideologies, and to uphold workplace integrity. Control-seeking behaviour in relation to ND unpacking is ubiquitous and complicates integration of ND care pathways. CONCLUSIONS The Unpacking control theory expands central aspects of professions theory and may help to improve ND care development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Waxegård
- Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden;
| | - Hans Thulesius
- Research Unit, Region of Kronoberg, Department of Clinical Sciences, Family Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huemer J, Riegler A, Völkl-Kernstock S, Wascher A, Lesch OM, Walter H, Skala K. The influence of reported ADHD and substance abuse on suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of young men. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2016; 30:131-137. [PMID: 27714599 PMCID: PMC5063908 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-016-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to determine whether former and current ADHD symptomatology is associated with suicidal ideation in a non-clinical sample of 18 year old males. We performed a cross sectional descriptive study of 3280 men during the examination for military service. The investigation included a screening for substance abuse, past (WURS) and current (ADHD symptom checklist) ADHD symptomatology and an interview about suicidal ideations. We found a correlation of suicidal ideations with a history of ADHD symptomatology. ADHD symptoms were strongly consistent over time. These results indicate that a history of (diagnosed or undiagnosed) ADHD could be a predictor for suicidal ideations. Surveying a history of ADHD in primary care might help identify subjects at risk for suicidal tendencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huemer
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Riegler
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Völkl-Kernstock
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Otto M Lesch
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katrin Skala
- Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Commonalities in EEG Spectral Power Abnormalities Between Women With ADHD and Women With Bipolar Disorder During Rest and Cognitive Performance. Brain Topogr 2016; 29:856-866. [PMID: 27464584 PMCID: PMC5054048 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) denote distinct psychiatric conditions, diagnostic delineation is impeded by considerable symptomatic overlap. Direct comparisons across ADHD and BD on neurophysiological measures are limited. They could inform us on impairments that are specific to or shared between the disorders and, therefore, potential biomarkers that may aid in the identification of the diagnostic boundaries. Our aim was to test whether quantitative EEG (QEEG) identifies differences or similarities between women with ADHD and women with BD during resting-state and task conditions. QEEG activity was directly compared between 20 ADHD, 20 BD and 20 control women during an eyes-open resting-state condition (EO) and a cued continuous performance task (CPT-OX). Both ADHD (t38 = 2.50, p = 0.017) and BD (t38 = 2.54, p = 0.018) participants showed higher absolute theta power during EO than controls. No significant differences emerged between the two clinical groups. While control participants showed a task-related increase in absolute theta power from EO to CPT-OX (t19 = −3.77, p = 0.001), no such change in absolute theta power was observed in the ADHD (t19 = −0.605, p = 0.553) or BD (t19 = 1.82, p = 0.084) groups. Our results provide evidence for commonalities in brain dysfunction between ADHD and BD. Absolute theta power may play a role as a marker of neurobiological processes in both disorders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 46:106-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Kanık Yüksek S, Aycan Z, Öner Ö. Evaluation of Iodine Deficiency in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2016; 8:61-6. [PMID: 26758811 PMCID: PMC4805050 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of iodine deficiency (ID) and its effects on mental function in children referred to the Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital with a prospective diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS The study was conducted on 89 children referred in the period from September 2009 to June 2010 with a diagnosis of ADHD. A questionnaire was given to all parents. Conners' rating scales were applied to the parents (CPRS) and teachers (CTRS), and revised Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-R) to the children. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine, thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and urinary iodine levels were measured in all children. RESULTS Median age was 9.41±1.95 years, and 83.1% of subjects were male. The mean urinary iodine level of the children was 92.56±22.25 μg/L. ID was detected in 71.9% of subjects and all were mild ID. There was no significant relationship between urinary iodine levels with WISC-R subtest scores and CPRS. However, a significant association was found between urinary iodine levels and hyperactivity section of CTRS (p<0.05). Likewise, a significant relationship was found between learning disorder/mental retardation diagnosis and freedom subtest of WISC-R (p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study highlights the effects of ID on comprehension, perception, attention, and learning. However, the results need to be supported by new randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Kanık Yüksek
- Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Robaey P, McKenzie S, Schachar R, Boivin M, Bohbot VD. Stop and look! Evidence for a bias towards virtual navigation response strategies in children with ADHD symptoms. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
de Schipper E, Mahdi S, Coghill D, de Vries PJ, Gau SSF, Granlund M, Holtmann M, Karande S, Levy F, Almodayfer O, Rohde L, Tannock R, Bölte S. Towards an ICF core set for ADHD: a worldwide expert survey on ability and disability. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1509-21. [PMID: 26428005 PMCID: PMC4648970 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is the second in a series of four empirical studies designed to develop International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF and Children and Youth version, ICF-CY) core sets for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objective of this stage was to gather the opinions from international experts on which ability and disability concepts were considered relevant to functioning in ADHD. An email-based survey was carried out amongst international experts in ADHD. Relevant functional ability and disability concepts were extracted from their responses and linked to the ICF/-CY categories by two independent researchers using a standardised linking procedure. 174 experts from 11 different disciplines and 45 different countries completed the survey. Meaningful concepts identified in their responses were linked to 185 ICF/-CY categories. Of these, 83 categories were identified by at least 5 % of the experts and considered the most relevant to ADHD: 30 of these were related to Body functions (most identified: attention functions, 85 %), 30 to Activities and Participation (most identified: school education, 52 %), 20 to Environmental factors (most identified: support from immediate family, 61 %), and 3 to Body structures (most identified: structure of brain, 83 %). Experts also provided their views on particular abilities related to ADHD, naming characteristics such as high-energy levels, flexibility and resiliency. Gender differences in the expression of ADHD identified by experts pertained mainly to females showing more internalising (e.g. anxiety, low self-esteem) and less externalising behaviours (e.g. hyperactivity), leading to a risk of late- and under-diagnosis in females. Results indicate that the impact of ADHD extends beyond the core symptom domains, into all areas of life and across the lifespan. The current study in combination with three additional preparatory studies (comprehensive scoping review, focus groups, clinical study) will provide the scientific basis to define the ADHD ICF/-CY core sets for multi-purpose use in basic and applied research and every day clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elles de Schipper
- Paediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Stockholm, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soheil Mahdi
- Paediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Stockholm, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Coghill
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Petrus J de Vries
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mats Granlund
- CHILD, SIDR, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Holtmann
- LWL-University Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the Ruhr University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Sunil Karande
- Learning Disability Clinic, Department of Paediatrics, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Florence Levy
- School of Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Omar Almodayfer
- Psychiatry Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luis Rohde
- Child Psychiatric Division, Departmant of Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Tannock
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sven Bölte
- Paediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Stockholm, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brown FC, Roth RM, Katz LJ. Allocentric but not egocentric visual memory difficulties in adults with ADHD may represent cognitive inefficiency. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:649-58. [PMID: 26115842 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has often been conceptualized as arising executive dysfunctions (e.g., inattention, defective inhibition). However, recent studies suggested that cognitive inefficiency may underlie many ADHD symptoms, according to reaction time and processing speed abnormalities. This study explored whether a non-timed measure of cognitive inefficiency would also be abnormal. A sample of 23 ADHD subjects was compared to 23 controls on a test that included both egocentric and allocentric visual memory subtests. A factor analysis was used to determine which cognitive variables contributed to allocentric visual memory. The ADHD sample performed significantly lower on the allocentric but not egocentric conditions. Allocentric visual memory was not associated with timed, working memory, visual perception, or mental rotation variables. This paper concluded by discussing how these results supported a cognitive inefficiency explanation for some ADHD symptoms, and discussed future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franklin C Brown
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Robert M Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lynda J Katz
- Lynda J. Katz, Ph.D. & Associates, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined mean level differences in marijuana expectancies and the differential associations between expectancies and marijuana use for individuals with and without a history of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). BACKGROUND Substance-use expectancies are a widely studied risk factor for alcohol and other drug use. The relations between marijuana-use expectancies and self-reported marijuana use have not been examined in young adults with ADHD, a population shown to be at risk for marijuana use. METHOD Participants were 306 (190 ADHD and 116 non-ADHD) young adults (M age = 20.06, SD = 2.03) from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS) who provided data about marijuana use and marijuana-use expectancies. RESULTS Individuals in the ADHD group reported lower levels of social enhancement, tension reduction, and cognitive and behavioral-impairment expectancies compared to individuals in the non-ADHD group. Positive and negative marijuana-use expectancies were associated with marijuana use frequency in the whole sample and statistically significant ADHD group by expectancy interactions were found. Sexual-enhancement expectancies were more strongly associated with marijuana use frequency among individuals with ADHD histories while cognitive behavioral-impairment expectancies were more strongly associated with marijuana use frequency among individuals without ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Marijuana-use expectancies may be acquired, and operate differently, for individuals with and without ADHD histories. Although future research is needed to test this speculation, these differences may be associated with ADHD-related difficulties in higher order cognitive processes that affect the encoding and utilization of expectations regarding marijuana's effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth C Harty
- a Department of Graduate Psychology Programs , Chatham University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Sarah L Pedersen
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gnagy
- c Center for Children and Families , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - William E Pelham
- c Center for Children and Families , Florida International University , Miami , Florida , USA
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| |
Collapse
|