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Ren T, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Zhou W, Huang L, Wang M, Pu Y, Huang R, Chen J, He H, Zhu T, Wang S, Chen W, Zhang Q, Du W, Luo Q, Li F. Sex-specific associations of adolescent motherhood with cognitive function, behavioral problems, and autistic-like traits in offspring and the mediating roles of family conflict and altered brain structure. BMC Med 2024; 22:226. [PMID: 38840198 PMCID: PMC11155128 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have linked adolescent motherhood to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, yet the sex-specific effect and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS This study included 6952 children aged 9-11 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The exposed group consisted of children of mothers < 20 years at the time of birth, while the unexposed group was composed of children of mothers aged 20-35 at birth. We employed a generalized linear mixed model to investigate the associations of adolescent motherhood with cognitive, behavioral, and autistic-like traits in offspring. We applied an inverse-probability-weighted marginal structural model to examine the potential mediating factors including adverse perinatal outcomes, family conflict, and brain structure alterations. RESULTS Our results revealed that children of adolescent mothers had significantly lower cognitive scores (β, - 2.11, 95% CI, - 2.90 to - 1.31), increased externalizing problems in male offspring (mean ratio, 1.28, 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.52), and elevated internalizing problems (mean ratio, 1.14, 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.33) and autistic-like traits (mean ratio, 1.22, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.47) in female. A stressful family environment mediated ~ 70% of the association with internalizing problems in females, ~ 30% with autistic-like traits in females, and ~ 20% with externalizing problems in males. Despite observable brain morphometric changes related to adolescent motherhood, these did not act as mediating factors in our analysis, after adjusting for family environment. No elevated rate of adverse perinatal outcomes was observed in the offspring of adolescent mothers in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal distinct sex-specific neurodevelopmental outcomes impacts of being born to adolescent mothers, with a substantial mediating effect of family environment on behavioral outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of developing sex-tailored interventions and support the hypothesis that family environment significantly impacts the neurodevelopmental consequences of adolescent motherhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Ren
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yunjun Sun
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Like Huang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Pu
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Runqi Huang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hua He
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tailin Zhu
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Susu Wang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiran Chen
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenchong Du
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health & Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Torgerson C, Ahmadi H, Choupan J, Fan CC, Blosnich JR, Herting MM. Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26671. [PMID: 38590252 PMCID: PMC11002534 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in early adolescence. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest-many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current study examined gender diversity with a continuous felt-gender score and categorized sex based on X and Y allele frequency in a large sample of children ages 9-11 years old (N = 7195). Then, a statistical model-building approach was employed to determine whether gender diversity and sex independently or jointly relate to brain morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, and white matter microstructure. Additional sensitivity analyses found that male versus female differences in gyrification and white matter were largely accounted for by total brain volume, rather than sex per se. The model with sex, but not gender diversity, was the best-fitting model in 60.1% of gray matter regions and 61.9% of white matter regions after adjusting for brain volume. The proportion of variance accounted for by sex was negligible to small in all cases. While models including felt-gender explained a greater amount of variance in a few regions, the felt-gender score alone was not a significant predictor on its own for any white or gray matter regions examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate that at ages 9-11 years old, sex accounts for a small proportion of variance in brain structure, while gender diversity is not directly associated with neurostructural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinna Torgerson
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and GeneticsLaureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John R. Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak‐Peck School of Social WorkUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Miller AP, Baranger DAA, Paul SE, Garavan H, Mackey S, Tapert SF, LeBlanc KH, Agrawal A, Bogdan R. Neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance use initiation: Results from the ABCD Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.06.24303876. [PMID: 38496425 PMCID: PMC10942495 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.24303876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with substance involvement reflects pre-existing risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood. In the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD®) Study, we identify associations between global and regional differences in brain structure and early substance use initiation (i.e., occurring <15 years of age; nsanalytic=6,556-9,804), with evidence that associations precede initiation. Neurodevelopmental variability in brain structure may confer risk for substance involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. A. Baranger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sarah E. Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Lamer College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Lamer College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly H. LeBlanc
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MA, United States
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Tone EB, Henrich CC. Principles, policies, and practices: Thoughts on their integration over the rise of the developmental psychopathology perspective and into the future. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38415398 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology has, since the late 20th century, offered an influential integrative framework for conceptualizing psychological health, distress, and dysfunction across the lifespan. Leaders in the field have periodically generated predictions about its future and have proposed ways to increase the macroparadigm's impact. In this paper, we examine, using articles sampled from each decade of the journal Development and Psychopathology's existence as a rough guide, the degree to which the themes that earlier predictions have emphasized have come to fruition and the ways in which the field might further capitalize on the strengths of this approach to advance knowledge and practice in psychology. We focus in particular on two key themes first, we explore the degree to which researchers have capitalized on the framework's capacity for principled flexibility to generate novel work that integrates neurobiological and/or social-contextual factors measured at multiple levels and offer ideas for moving this kind of work forward. Second, we discuss how extensively articles have emphasized implications for intervention or prevention and how the field might amplify the voice of developmental psychopathology in applied settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Vijayakumar N, Whittle S, Silk TJ. Corticolimbic connectivity mediates the relationship between pubertal timing and mental health problems. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7655-7665. [PMID: 37264939 PMCID: PMC10755248 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undergoing puberty ahead of peers ('earlier pubertal timing') is an important risk factor for mental health problems during early adolescence. The current study examined pathways between pubertal timing and mental health via connectivity of neural systems implicated in emotional reactivity and regulation (specifically corticolimbic connections) in 9- to 14-year-olds. METHOD Research questions were examined in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large population representative sample in the United States. Linear mixed models examined associations between pubertal timing and resting-state corticolimbic connectivity. Significant connections were examined as potential mediators of the relationship between pubertal timing and mental health (withdrawn depressed and rule-breaking) problems. Exploratory analyses interrogated whether the family environment moderated neural risk patterns in those undergoing puberty earlier than their peers. RESULTS Earlier pubertal timing was related to decreased connectivity between limbic structures (bilateral amygdala and right hippocampus) and the cingulo-opercular network, left amygdala and somatomotor (mouth) network, as well as between the left hippocampus and ventral attention network and visual network. Corticolimbic connections also mediated the relationship between earlier pubertal timing and increased withdrawn depressed problems (but not rule-breaking problems). Finally, parental acceptance buffered against connectivity patterns that were implicated in withdrawn depressed problems in those undergoing puberty earlier than their peers. CONCLUSION Findings highlight the role of decreased corticolimbic connectivity in mediating pathways between earlier pubertal timing and withdrawn depressed problems, and we present preliminary evidence that the family environment may buffer against these neural risk patterns during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Vijayakumar
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Silk
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Luciana M, Barch D, Herting MM. Adolescent brain cognitive development study: Longitudinal methods, developmental findings, and associations with environmental risk factors. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101311. [PMID: 37827934 PMCID: PMC10757308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University of St. Louis, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, USA
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7
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Torgerson C, Ahmadi H, Choupan J, Fan CC, Blosnich JR, Herting MM. Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in children ages 9 to 11 years old. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551036. [PMID: 37546960 PMCID: PMC10402171 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There remains little consensus about the relationship between sex and brain structure, particularly in childhood. Moreover, few pediatric neuroimaging studies have analyzed both sex and gender as variables of interest - many of which included small sample sizes and relied on binary definitions of gender. The current study examined gender diversity with a continuous felt-gender score and categorized sex based on X and Y allele frequency in a large sample of children ages 9-11 years-old (N=7693). Then, a statistical model-building approach was employed to determine whether gender diversity and sex independently or jointly relate to brain morphology, including subcortical volume, cortical thickness, gyrification, and white matter microstructure. The model with sex, but not gender diversity, was the best-fitting model in 75% of gray matter regions and 79% of white matter regions examined. The addition of gender to the sex model explained significantly more variance than sex alone with regard to bilateral cerebellum volume, left precentral cortical thickness, as well as gyrification in the right superior frontal gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and several regions in the left parietal lobe. For mean diffusivity in the left uncinate fasciculus, the model with sex, gender, and their interaction captured the most variance. Nonetheless, the magnitude of variance accounted for by sex was small in all cases and felt-gender score was not a significant predictor on its own for any white or gray matter regions examined. Overall, these findings demonstrate that at ages 9-11 years-old, sex accounts for a small proportion of variance in brain structure, while gender diversity is not directly associated with neurostructural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carinna Torgerson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeiran Choupan
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - John R. Blosnich
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M. Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Riem MME, Witte AM, Lotz AM, Cima M, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Parental protection in fathers with negative caregiving experiences: Heightened amygdala reactivity to infant threatening situations. J Neuroendocrinol 2022:e13230. [PMID: 36648172 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parental protection is an important, yet understudied, aspect of parenting behavior. Predictors of the quality of protection and potential underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we examined whether negative caregiving experiences in fathers' own childhood are related to protective behavior and neural reactivity to infant threatening situations. Paternal protective behavior was measured with self- and partner-reported protective behavior and behavioral observations in an experimental set-up (auditory startling task) in 121 first-time fathers (mean age child = 19.35 weeks, SD = 11.27). Neural activation during exposure to videos of infant-threatening (vs. neutral) situations was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found a significant and positive association between negative caregiving experiences and amygdala reactivity to infant-threatening situations. A history of negative caregiving experiences was not significantly related to reported or observed paternal protective behavior. Our findings suggest that fathers with negative caregiving experiences show emotional hyperreactivity to cues of infant threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon M E Riem
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Witte
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Lotz
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Cima
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, University of London, London, UK
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Colich NL, Hanford LC, Weissman DG, Allen NB, Shirtcliff EA, Lengua LJ, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Childhood trauma, earlier pubertal timing, and psychopathology in adolescence: The role of corticolimbic development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 59:101187. [PMID: 36640624 PMCID: PMC9842860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier pubertal development appears to be one pathway through which childhood trauma contributes to psychopathology in adolescence. Puberty-related changes in neural networks involved in emotion processing, namely the amygdala-medial prefrontal (mPFC) circuit, may be a potential mechanism linking trauma and adolescent psychopathology. Our participants were 227 youth between 10 and 13 years of age who completed assessments of threat and deprivation-related experiences of adversity, pubertal stage, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. A subset (n = 149) also underwent a functional MRI scan while passively viewing fearful and calm faces. Potential mechanisms linking childhood trauma with psychopathology, encompassing earlier pubertal timing and neural response to aversive stimuli were explored. Earlier pubertal development was associated with childhood trauma as well as increased externalizing symptoms in boys only. Earlier pubertal timing in males and females was negatively associated with activation in bilateral amygdala, hippocampal, and fusiform regions when comparing fearful and calm faces. However, amygdala-mPFC connectivity showed no association with pubertal timing or psychopathology symptoms. These findings do not support accelerated amygdala-mPFC development as a mechanism linking childhood trauma and psychopathology, but instead provide support for the role of pubertal development in normative decreases in limbic activation across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Colich
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA,Corresponding author.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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10
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Mulder RH, López‐Vicente M, Cortes Hidalgo AP, Steenkamp LR, Güroğlu B, Tiemeier H, Muetzel RL. Connecting the dots: social networks in the classroom and white matter connections in the brain. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1622-1630. [PMID: 35672035 PMCID: PMC9796140 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer connections in school classrooms play an important role in social-emotional development and mental health. However, research on the association between children's peer relationships and white matter connections in the brain is scarce. We studied associations between peer relationships in the classroom and white matter structural connectivity in a pediatric population-based sample. METHODS Bullying and victimization, as well as rejection and acceptance, were assessed in classrooms in 634 children at age 7. White matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)) was measured with diffusion tensor imaging at age 10. We examined global metrics of white matter microstructure and used Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) for voxel-wise associations. RESULTS Peer victimization was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD and peer rejection was associated with lower global MD; however, these associations did not remain after multiple testing correction. Voxel-wise TBSS results for peer victimization and rejection were in line with global metrics both in terms of direction and spatial extent of the associations, with associated voxels (pFWE <.05) observed throughout the brain (including corpus callosum, corona radiata, sagittal stratum and superior longitudinal fasciculi). CONCLUSIONS Although based only on cross-sectional data, the findings could indicate accelerated white matter microstructure maturation in certain brain areas of children who are victimized or rejected more often. However, repeated measurements are essential to unravel this complex interplay of peer connections, maturation and brain development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H. Mulder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mónica López‐Vicente
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa R. Steenkamp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Ryan L. Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Mediating effect of pubertal stages on the family environment and neurodevelopment: An open-data replication and multiverse analysis of an ABCD Study ®. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:100133. [PMID: 36561641 PMCID: PMC9770593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that environmental factors meaningfully impact the development of the brain (Hyde et al., 2020; McEwen and Akil, 2020). Recent work from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® suggests that puberty may indirectly account for some association between the family environment and brain structure and function (Thijssen et al., 2020). However, a limited number of large studies have evaluated what, how, and why environmental factors impact neurodevelopment. When these topics are investigated, there is typically inconsistent operationalization of variables between studies which may be measuring different aspects of the environment and thus different associations in the analytic models. Multiverse analyses (Steegen et al., 2016) are an efficacious technique for investigating the effect of different operationalizations of the same construct on underlying interpretations. While one of the assets of Thijssen et al. (2020) was its large sample from the ABCD data, the authors used an early release that contained 38% of the full ABCD sample. Then, the analyses used several 'researcher degrees of freedom' (Gelman and Loken, 2014) to operationalize key independent, mediating and dependent variables, including but not limited to, the use of a latent factor of preadolescents' environment comprised of different subfactors, such as parental monitoring and child-reported family conflict. While latent factors can improve reliability of constructs, the nuances of each subfactor and measure that comprise the environment may be lost, making the latent factors difficult to interpret in the context of individual differences. This study extends the work of Thijssen et al. (2020) by evaluating the extent to which the analytic choices in their study affected their conclusions. In Aim 1, using the same variables and models, we replicate findings from the original study using the full sample in Release 3.0. Then, in Aim 2, using a multiverse analysis we extend findings by considering nine alternative operationalizations of family environment, three of puberty, and five of brain measures (total of 135 models) to evaluate the impact on conclusions from Aim 1. In these results, 90% of the directions of effects and 60% of the p-values (e.g. p > .05 and p < .05) across effects were comparable between the two studies. However, raters agreed that only 60% of the effects had replicated. Across the multiverse analyses, there was a degree of variability in beta estimates across the environmental variables, and lack of consensus between parent reported and child reported pubertal development for the indirect effects. This study demonstrates the challenge in defining which effects replicate, the nuance across environmental variables in the ABCD data, and the lack of consensus across parent and child reported puberty scales in youth.
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12
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Gray matter volumetric correlates of attention deficit and hyperactivity traits in emerging adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11367. [PMID: 35790754 PMCID: PMC9256746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated reduction in cortical and subcortical, including basal ganglia (BG), gray matter volumes (GMV) in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition that is more prevalent in males than in females. However, the volumetric deficits vary across studies. Whether volumetric reductions are more significant in males than females; to what extent these neural markers are heritable and relate to cognitive dysfunction in ADHD remain unclear. To address these questions, we followed published routines and performed voxel-based morphometry analysis of a data set (n = 11,502; 5,464 girls, 9–10 years) curated from the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, a population-based study of typically developing children. Of the sample, 634 and 2,826 were identified as monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins/siblings, respectively. In linear regressions, a cluster in the hypothalamus showed larger GMV, and bilateral caudate and putamen, lateral orbitofrontal and occipital cortex showed smaller GMVs, in correlation with higher ADHD scores in girls and boys combined. When examined separately, boys relative to girls showed more widespread (including BG) and stronger associations between GMV deficits and ADHD scores. ADHD traits and the volumetric correlates demonstrated heritability estimates (a2) between 0.59 and 0.79, replicating prior findings of the genetic basis of ADHD. Further, ADHD traits and the volumetric correlates (except for the hypothalamus) were each negatively and positively correlated with N-back performance. Together, these findings confirm volumetric deficits in children with more prominent ADHD traits. Highly heritable in both girls and boys and potentially more significant in boys than in girls, the structural deficits underlie diminished capacity in working memory and potentially other cognitive deficits in ADHD.
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Thijssen S, Collins PF, Luciana M. Does pubertal stage mediate the association between family environment and structure and function of the amygdala-mPFC circuit? A replication study of the longitudinal ABCD cohort. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 56:101120. [PMID: 35716638 PMCID: PMC9213703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial acceleration theory suggests that early stress accelerates pubertal development. Using half of the baseline Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort, Thijssen et al. (2020) provide support that accelerated puberty following stressful family environments may promote neurodevelopment. Here, we replicate and extend those analyses using 1) data from the second half of the ABCD sample (n = 3300 +, ages 9-10), and 2) longitudinal imaging data from the original sample (n = 1800 +, ages 11-12). A family environment latent variable was created and related to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) thickness, area, white matter fractional anisotropy, amygdala volume, and cingulo-opercular network (CON)-amygdala resting-state functional connectivity. Results from the independent sample replicate the mediating effects of family environment through pubertal stage on amygdala-CON functional connectivity. Sex-stratified analyses show indirect effects via pubertal stage in girls; boys show evidence for direct associations. Analyses using wave 2 imaging data or wave 2-wave 1 difference scores from the originally-analyzed sample replicate the resting-state indirect effects. The current paper replicates the mediating role for puberty in the association between family environment and neurodevelopment. As both direct and indirect associations were found, puberty may be one of multiple mechanisms driving accelerated neurodevelopment following environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thijssen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Correspondence to: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Postbus 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Paul F. Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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14
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A Review of Family Environment and Neurobehavioral Outcomes Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications of Early Adverse Experiences, Family Stress, and Limbic Development. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:488-497. [PMID: 34772505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health crisis, with neurobehavioral morbidity observed years after an injury associated with changes in related brain structures. A substantial literature base has established family environment as a significant predictor of neurobehavioral outcomes following pediatric TBI. The neural mechanisms linking family environment to neurobehavioral outcomes have, however, received less empiric study in this population. In contrast, limbic structural differences as well as challenges with emotional adjustment and behavioral regulation in non-TBI populations have been linked to a multitude of family environmental factors, including family stress, parenting style, and adverse childhood experiences. In this article, we systematically review the more comprehensive literature on family environment and neurobehavioral outcomes in pediatric TBI and leverage the work in both TBI and non-TBI populations to expand our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms. Thus, we summarize the extant literature on the family environment's role in neurobehavioral sequelae in children with TBI and explore potential neural correlates by synthesizing the wealth of literature on family environment and limbic development, specifically related to the amygdala. This review underscores the critical role of environmental factors, especially those predating the injury, in modeling recovery outcomes post-TBI in childhood, and discusses clinical and research implications across pediatric populations. Given the public health crisis of pediatric TBI, along with the context of sparse available medical interventions, a broader understanding of factors contributing to outcomes is warranted to expand the range of intervention targets.
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15
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DeJoseph ML, Herzberg MP, Sifre RD, Berry D, Thomas KM. Measurement matters: An individual differences examination of family socioeconomic factors, latent dimensions of children's experiences, and resting state functional brain connectivity in the ABCD sample. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101043. [PMID: 34915436 PMCID: PMC8683693 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The variation in experiences between high and low-socioeconomic status contexts are posited to play a crucial role in shaping the developing brain and may explain differences in child outcomes. Yet, examinations of SES and brain development have largely been limited to distal proxies of these experiences (e.g., income comparisons). The current study sought to disentangle the effects of multiple socioeconomic indices and dimensions of more proximal experiences on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in a sample of 7834 youth (aged 9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We applied moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) to establish measurement invariance among three latent environmental dimensions of experience (material/economic deprivation, caregiver social support, and psychosocial threat). Results revealed measurement biases as a function of child age, sex, racial group, family income, and parental education, which were statistically adjusted in the final MNLFA scores. Mixed-effects models demonstrated that socioeconomic indices and psychosocial threat differentially predicted variation in frontolimbic networks, and threat statistically moderated the association between income and connectivity between the dorsal and ventral attention networks. Findings illuminate the importance of reducing measurement biases to gain a more socioculturally-valid understanding of the complex and nuanced links between socioeconomic context, children's experiences, and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max P Herzberg
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Robin D Sifre
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Daniel Berry
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, USA.
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16
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Hardi FA, Goetschius LG, Peckins MK, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan SS, McLoyd V, Lopez-Duran NL, Mitchell C, Hyde LW, Monk CS. Differential Developmental Associations of Material Hardship Exposure and Adolescent Amygdala-Prefrontal Cortex White Matter Connectivity. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 34:1866-1891. [PMID: 34942644 PMCID: PMC9651170 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating literature has linked poverty to brain structure and function, particularly in affective neural regions; however, few studies have examined associations with structural connections or the importance of developmental timing of exposure. Moreover, prior neuroimaging studies have not used a proximal measure of poverty (i.e., material hardship, which assesses food, housing, and medical insecurity) to capture the lived experience of growing up in harsh economic conditions. The present investigation addressed these gaps collectively by examining the associations between material hardship (ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15 years) and white matter connectivity of frontolimbic structures (age of 15 years) in a low-income sample. We applied probabilistic tractography to diffusion imaging data collected from 194 adolescents. Results showed that material hardship related to amygdala-prefrontal, but not hippocampus-prefrontal or hippocampus-amygdala, white matter connectivity. Specifically, hardship during middle childhood (ages 5 and 9 years) was associated with greater connectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial pFC, whereas hardship during adolescence (age of 15 years) was related to reduced amygdala-orbitofrontal (OFC) and greater amygdala-subgenual ACC connectivity. Growth curve analyses showed that greater increases of hardship across time were associated with both greater (amygdala-subgenual ACC) and reduced (amygdala-OFC) white matter connectivity. Furthermore, these effects remained above and beyond other types of adversity, and greater hardship and decreased amygdala-OFC connectivity were related to increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate that the associations between material hardship and white matter connections differ across key prefrontal regions and developmental periods, providing support for potential windows of plasticity for structural circuits that support emotion processing.
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17
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Petrican R, Miles S, Rudd L, Wasiewska W, Graham KS, Lawrence AD. Pubertal timing and functional neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediate the effect of family conflict on adolescent psychopathology. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101032. [PMID: 34781251 PMCID: PMC10436252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that early life adversity (ELA) heightens psychopathology risk by concurrently altering pubertal and neurodevelopmental timing, and associated gene transcription signatures. Analyses focused on threat- (family conflict/neighbourhood crime) and deprivation-related ELAs (parental inattentiveness/unmet material needs), using longitudinal data from 1514 biologically unrelated youths in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Typical developmental changes in white matter microstructure corresponded to widespread BOLD signal variability (BOLDsv) increases (linked to cell communication and biosynthesis genes) and region-specific task-related BOLDsv increases/decreases (linked to signal transduction, immune and external environmental response genes). Increasing resting-state (RS), but decreasing task-related BOLDsv predicted normative functional network segregation. Family conflict was the strongest concurrent and prospective contributor to psychopathology, while material deprivation constituted an additive risk factor. ELA-linked psychopathology was predicted by higher Time 1 threat-evoked BOLDSV (associated with axonal development, myelination, cell differentiation and signal transduction genes), reduced Time 2 RS BOLDsv (associated with cell metabolism and attention genes) and greater Time 1 to Time 2 control/attention network segregation. Earlier pubertal timing and neurodevelopmental alterations independently mediated ELA effects on psychopathology. Our results underscore the differential roles of the immediate and wider external environment(s) in concurrent and longer-term ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Petrican
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Sian Miles
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Rudd
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wiktoria Wasiewska
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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18
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Luciana M, Collins PF. Is Adolescence a Sensitive Period for the Development of Incentive-Reward Motivation? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 53:79-99. [PMID: 34784026 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human adolescence is broadly construed as a time of heightened risk-taking and a vulnerability period for the emergence of psychopathology. These tendencies have been attributed to the age-related development of neural systems that mediate incentive motivation and other aspects of reward processing as well as individual difference factors that interact with ongoing development. Here, we describe the adolescent development of incentive motivation, which we view as an inherently positive developmental progression, and its associated neural mechanisms. We consider challenges in applying the sensitive period concept to these maturational events and discuss future directions that may help to clarify mechanisms of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Paul F Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Gee DG. Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:998-1013. [PMID: 34734741 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adversity early in life is common and is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating the neurodevelopmental pathways by which early adversity affects mental health is critical for early risk identification and targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances in identifying the mechanisms linking adversity with psychopathology, specific dimensions of adversity and timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, and protective factors that buffer against the effects of adversity. Yet, vast complexity and heterogeneity in early environments and neurodevelopmental trajectories contribute to the challenges of understanding risk and resilience in the context of early adversity. In this overview, the author highlights progress in four major areas-mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, and protective factors; synthesizes key challenges; and provides recommendations for future research that can facilitate progress in the field. Translation across species and ongoing refinement of conceptual models have strong potential to inform prevention and intervention strategies that can reduce the immense burden of psychopathology associated with early adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
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20
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Sisk LM, Gee DG. Stress and adolescence: vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:286-292. [PMID: 34818623 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of dynamic change across multiple systems. Concurrent maturation of neural, biological, and psychosocial functioning renders adolescence a time of heightened sensitivity to both negative and positive experiences. Here, we review recent literature across these domains, discuss risk and opportunity in the context of ongoing neural development, and highlight promising directions for future research. Finally, we propose that conceptualizing adolescence as a sensitive window during which plasticity across multiple systems is enhanced may support the identification of links between experience, neurodevelopment, and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda M Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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21
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Brieant AE, Sisk LM, Gee DG. Associations among negative life events, changes in cortico-limbic connectivity, and psychopathology in the ABCD Study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101022. [PMID: 34710799 PMCID: PMC8556598 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adversity exposure is a risk factor for psychopathology, which most frequently onsets during adolescence, and prior research has demonstrated that alterations in cortico-limbic connectivity may account in part for this association. In a sample of youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 4006), we tested a longitudinal structural equation model to examine the indirect effect of adversity exposure (negative life events) on later psychopathology via changes in cortico-limbic resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). We also examined the potential protective effects of parental acceptance. Generally, cortico-limbic connectivity became more strongly negative between baseline and year 2 follow-up, suggesting that stronger negative correlations within these cortico-limbic networks may reflect a more mature phenotype. Exposure to a greater number of negative life events was associated with stronger negative cortico-limbic rsFC which, in turn, was associated with lower internalizing (but not externalizing) symptoms. The indirect effect of negative life events on internalizing symptoms via cortico-limbic rsFC was significant. Parental acceptance did not moderate the association between negative life events and rsFC. Our findings highlight how stressful childhood experiences may accelerate neurobiological maturation in specific cortico-limbic connections, potentially reflecting an adaptive process that protects against internalizing problems in the context of adversity. Childhood adversity shapes cortico-limbic connectivity and mental health. In the ABCD Study, cortico-limbic functional connectivity changed over time. These changes explain the association between adversity and internalizing symptoms. Adversity exposure may accelerate corticolimbic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Brieant
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| | - Lucinda M Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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22
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Mills KL, Siegmund KD, Tamnes CK, Ferschmann L, Wierenga LM, Bos MGN, Luna B, Li C, Herting MM. Inter-individual variability in structural brain development from late childhood to young adulthood. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118450. [PMID: 34358656 PMCID: PMC8489572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental task in neuroscience is to characterize the brain’s developmental course. While replicable group-level models of structural brain development from childhood to adulthood have recently been identified, we have yet to quantify and understand individual differences in structural brain development. The present study examined inter-individual variability and sex differences in changes in brain structure, as assessed by anatomical MRI, across ages 8.0–26.0 years in 269 participants (149 females) with three time points of data (807 scans), drawn from three longitudinal datasets collected in the Netherlands, Norway, and USA. We further investigated the relationship between overall brain size and developmental changes, as well as how females and males differed in change variability across development. There was considerable inter-individual variability in the magnitude of changes observed for all examined brain measures. The majority of individuals demonstrated decreases in total gray matter volume, cortex volume, mean cortical thickness, and white matter surface area in mid-adolescence, with more variability present during the transition into adolescence and the transition into early adulthood. While most individuals demonstrated increases in white matter volume in early adolescence, this shifted to a majority demonstrating stability starting in mid-to-late adolescence. We observed sex differences in these patterns, and also an association between the size of an individual’s brain structure and the overall rate of change for the structure. The present study provides new insight as to the amount of individual variance in changes in structural morphometrics from late childhood to early adulthood in order to obtain a more nuanced picture of brain development. The observed individual- and sex-differences in brain changes also highlight the importance of further studying individual variation in developmental patterns in healthy, at-risk, and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA; PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Lara M Wierenga
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke G N Bos
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, USA.
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23
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Cheng W, Luo N, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tan H, Zhang D, Sui J, Yue W, Yan H. DNA Methylation and Resting Brain Function Mediate the Association between Childhood Urbanicity and Better Speed of Processing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4709-4718. [PMID: 33987663 PMCID: PMC8408435 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanicity has been suggested to affect cognition, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We examined whether epigenetic modification (DNA methylation, DNAm), and brain white matter fiber integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) or local spontaneous brain function activity (regional homogeneity, ReHo) play roles in the association between childhood urbanicity and cognition based on 497 healthy Chinese adults. We found significant correlation between childhood urbanicity and better cognitive performance. Multiset canonical correlation analysis (mCCA) identified an intercorrelated DNAm-FA-ReHo triplet, which showed significant pairwise correlations (DNAm-FA: Bonferroni-adjusted P, Pbon = 4.99E−03, rho = 0.216; DNAm-ReHo: Pbon = 4.08E−03, rho = 0.239; ReHo-FA: Pbon = 1.68E−06, rho = 0.328). Causal mediation analysis revealed that 1) ReHo mediated 10.86% childhood urbanicity effects on the speed of processing and 2) childhood urbanicity alters ReHo through DNA methylation in the cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways (mediated effect: 48.55%). The mediation effect of increased ReHo in the superior temporal gyrus underlying urbanicity impact on a better speed of processing was further validated in an independent cohort. Our work suggests a mediation role for ReHo, particularly increased brain activity in the superior temporal gyrus, in the urbanicity-associated speed of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiu Cheng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Luo
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haoyang Tan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Sui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
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Herting MM, Uban KA, Gonzalez MR, Baker FC, Kan EC, Thompson WK, Granger DA, Albaugh MD, Anokhin AP, Bagot KS, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak CC, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick AS, Dosenbach N, Dowling GJ, Dumas JA, Edwards S, Ernst T, Fair DA, Feldstein-Ewing SW, Freedman EG, Fuemmeler BF, Garavan H, Gee DG, Giedd JN, Glaser PEA, Goldstone A, Gray KM, Hawes SW, Heath AC, Heitzeg MM, Hewitt JK, Heyser CJ, Hoffman EA, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Infante MA, Ivanova MY, Jacobus J, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Laird AR, LeBlanc KH, Lisdahl K, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade EC, Morris AS, Nagel BJ, Neigh GN, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Potter AS, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Rapuano K, Reeves G, Renshaw PF, Schirda C, Sher KJ, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Squeglia LM, Sutherland MT, Tapert SF, Tomko RL, Yurgelun-Todd D, Wade NE, Weiss SRB, Zucker RA, Sowell ER. Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:549928. [PMID: 33679599 PMCID: PMC7930488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.549928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine individual variability between perceived physical features and hormones of pubertal maturation in 9-10-year-old children as a function of sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional metrics of puberty were utilized from the baseline assessment of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study-a multi-site sample of 9-10 year-olds (n = 11,875)-and included perceived physical features via the pubertal development scale (PDS) and child salivary hormone levels (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in all, and estradiol in females). Multi-level models examined the relationships among sociodemographic measures, physical features, and hormone levels. A group factor analysis (GFA) was implemented to extract latent variables of pubertal maturation that integrated both measures of perceived physical features and hormone levels. Results PDS summary scores indicated more males (70%) than females (31%) were prepubertal. Perceived physical features and hormone levels were significantly associated with child's weight status and income, such that more mature scores were observed among children that were overweight/obese or from households with low-income. Results from the GFA identified two latent factors that described individual differences in pubertal maturation among both females and males, with factor 1 driven by higher hormone levels, and factor 2 driven by perceived physical maturation. The correspondence between latent factor 1 scores (hormones) and latent factor 2 scores (perceived physical maturation) revealed synchronous and asynchronous relationships between hormones and concomitant physical features in this large young adolescent sample. Conclusions Sociodemographic measures were associated with both objective hormone and self-report physical measures of pubertal maturation in a large, diverse sample of 9-10 year-olds. The latent variables of pubertal maturation described a complex interplay between perceived physical changes and hormone levels that hallmark sexual maturation, which future studies can examine in relation to trajectories of brain maturation, risk/resilience to substance use, and other mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Herting
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Marybel Robledo Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Eric C. Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, CA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Albaugh
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kara S. Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | | | - B. J. Casey
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bader Chaarani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Linda Chang
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christine C. Cloak
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Linda B. Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rada K. Dagher
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony S. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nico Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Gayathri J. Dowling
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie A. Dumas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sarah Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Edward G. Freedman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Bernard F. Fuemmeler
- Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmon, VA, United States
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jay N. Giedd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul E. A. Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Samuel W. Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Charles J. Heyser
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Hoffman
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rebekah S. Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Medical Cannabis & Science Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luke W. Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M. Alejandra Infante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Masha Y. Ivanova
- Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kimberly H. LeBlanc
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Krista Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VT, United States
| | - Andrew T. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael J. Mason
- Center for Behavioral Health Research, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Erin C. McGlade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amanda S. Morris
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VT, United States
| | - Clare E. Palmer
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexandra S. Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Leon I. Puttler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nishadi Rajapakse
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kristina Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, University of Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gloria Reeves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Paul D. Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Matthew T. Sutherland
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel L. Tomko
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Natasha E. Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susan R. B. Weiss
- Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert A. Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Research on Children, Youth, and Families, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Abstract
Abstract
Although early-life adversity can undermine healthy development, children growing up in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, skills for solving problems in high-adversity contexts (i.e., “hidden talents”). Here we situate the hidden talents model within a larger interdisciplinary framework. Summarizing theory and research on hidden talents, we propose that stress-adapted skills represent a form of adaptive intelligence that enables individuals to function within the constraints of harsh, unpredictable environments. We discuss the alignment of the hidden talents model with current knowledge about human brain development following early adversity; examine potential applications of this perspective to multiple sectors concerned with youth from harsh environments, including education, social services, and juvenile justice; and compare the hidden talents model with contemporary developmental resilience models. We conclude that the hidden talents approach offers exciting new directions for research on developmental adaptations to childhood adversity, with translational implications for leveraging stress-adapted skills to more effectively tailor education, jobs, and interventions to fit the needs and potentials of individuals from a diverse range of life circumstances. This approach affords a well-rounded view of people who live with adversity that avoids stigma and communicates a novel, distinctive, and strength-based message.
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