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Willroth EC, Pfund GN, Rule PD, Hill PL, John A, Kyle K, Hassenstab J, James BD. A review of the literature on wellbeing and modifiable dementia risk factors. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102380. [PMID: 38880341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Wellbeing-defined broadly as experiencing one's life as enjoyable and fulfilling-has been associated with lower risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown. However, prior research and theory suggest that wellbeing impacts health behaviors and biological systems that are relevant to cognitive and brain health. Several of these factors have also been identified by the 2020 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care as modifiable dementia risk factors. In the current review, we summarize and evaluate the evidence for associations between wellbeing and each of the 12 Lancet Commission risk factors. We found relatively consistent evidence for associations between higher wellbeing and lower levels of most of the risk factors: physical inactivity, social isolation, smoking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, and air pollution. By contrast, we found evidence for only modest associations between wellbeing and education and mixed evidence for associations of wellbeing with alcohol use and body weight. Although most of the reviewed evidence was observational, longitudinal and experimental evidence suggests that many of the observed associations are likely bidirectional. These findings suggest that modifiable dementia risk factors may be mediators (i.e., intermediate steps in the causal chain) and/or confounders (i.e., variables that impact both wellbeing and dementia, and thus could induce a spurious association) of the association between wellbeing and dementia. We conclude by discussing next steps to test mediation hypotheses and to account for potential confounding in the relation between wellbeing and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Payton D Rule
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Amber John
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kalista Kyle
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, United States; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, United States
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2
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Harada K, Masumoto K, Okada S. Physical Activity Components that Determine Daily Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: An Intensive Longitudinal Diary Study. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10273-7. [PMID: 38504040 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have shown that engaging in physical activity can elevate daily life satisfaction, few studies have identified the specific aspects that can result in this. This study examined whether enjoying moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercises with others for a longer time, but not any aspects of non-exercise physical activity, was associated with higher daily life satisfaction among older adults. METHOD We conducted an intensive longitudinal diary survey of 182 individuals for 1 week and obtained valid data for 853 person-days. The time spent engaging in light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at 8:00-11:59, 12:00-15:59, and 16:00-19:59 h was measured using an accelerometer. Duration, intensity, timing, social context, and enjoyment of the exercises were assessed based on diary entries. Stratified by non-exercise and exercise days, we conducted multilevel models. RESULTS On non-exercise days, longer duration of light physical activity from 12:00 to 15:59 at the within-person level was associated with higher daily life satisfaction. On exercise days, longer duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from 12:00 to 15:59 at the within-person level, longer exercise duration at the within-person level, exercising with moderate-to-vigorous intensity, and enjoyment of exercise at both the within- and between-person levels were associated with higher daily life satisfaction. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that enjoying moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise for a longer duration than usual and engaging in non-exercise physical activity in the afternoon are important for elevating older adults' daily life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Advanced Research Center for Well-Being, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Masumoto
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Well-Being, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Hyogo Study Center, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Beck ED, Yoneda T, James BD, Bennett DA, Hassenstab J, Katz MJ, Lipton RB, Morris J, Mroczek DK, Graham EK. Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1497-1514. [PMID: 38018701 PMCID: PMC10947984 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well-being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia-related neuropathology is unclear. METHODS Using data from eight independent studies (Ntotal = 44,531; Ndementia = 1703; baseline Mage = 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; Mfollow-up range = 3.53 to 21.00 years), Bayesian multilevel models tested whether personality traits and SWB differentially predicted neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics of dementia. RESULTS Synthesized and individual study results indicate that high neuroticism and negative affect and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and positive affect were associated with increased risk of long-term dementia diagnosis. There were no consistent associations with neuropathology. DISCUSSION This multistudy project provides robust, conceptually replicated and extended evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of dementia diagnosis but not consistently associated with neuropathology at autopsy. HIGHLIGHTS N(+), C(-), E(-), PA(-), and NA(+) were associated with incident diagnosis. Results were consistent despite self-report versus clinical diagnosis of dementia. Psychological factors were not associated with neuropathology at autopsy. Individuals with higher conscientiousness and no diagnosis had less neuropathology. High C individuals may withstand neuropathology for longer before death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emorie D. Beck
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tomiko Yoneda
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of NeurologyRush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - John Morris
- Department of NeurologyRush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of PsychologyNorthwestern UniversityWeinberg College of Arts & SciencesEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Eileen K. Graham
- Department of Medical Social SciencesNorthwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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4
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Zhu X, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. The Association between Happiness and Cognitive Function in the UK Biobank. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 43:1816-1825. [PMID: 38510575 PMCID: PMC10954258 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of happiness have been associated with better performance in creative and flexible thinking and processing. Less is known about whether happier individuals have better performance on basic cognitive functions and slower rate of cognitive decline. In a large sample from the UK Biobank (N=17,885; Age 40-70 years), we examine the association between baseline happiness and cognitive function (speed of processing, visuospatial memory, reasoning) over four assessment waves spanning up to 10 years of follow-up. Greater happiness was associated with better speed and visuospatial memory performance across assessments independent of vascular or depression risk factors. Happiness was associated with worse reasoning. No association was found between happiness and the rate of change over time on any of the cognitive tasks. The cognitive benefits of happiness may extend to cognitive functions such as speed and memory but not more complex processes such as reasoning, and happiness may not be predictive of the rate of cognitive decline over time. More evidence on the association between psychological well-being and different cognitive functions is needed to shed light on potential interventional efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Zhu
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, and Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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5
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Liu G, Lu Z, Shan Y, Wang J, Shi X, Zong D, Li S, Kong F. Association between self-reported oral health and cognitive function among the community-dwelling elderly in Jinan, China: the mediating effect of life satisfaction. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1116325. [PMID: 37303887 PMCID: PMC10248475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deterioration of self-reported oral health and decline in cognitive function are two main adverse health outcomes experienced by the older adults. Little evidence was found on the psychosocial mechanism between self-reported oral health and cognitive function. This study explores the association between self-reported oral health and cognitive function and examines the mediating effect of life satisfaction among the community-dwelling elderly in Jinan, China. Methods A total of 512 older individuals (60+) were included in the study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination scale (MMSE), and self-reported oral health was measured using the Chinese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between self-reported oral health, life satisfaction, and cognitive function. Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the possible effect of covariates. Structural equation modelling and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to verify the mediating role of life satisfaction. Results The mean MMSE score was 25.65 ± 4.42. Better self-reported oral health was significantly associated with a higher level of life satisfaction, and those with higher life satisfaction experienced better cognitive function. Age, educational level and source of living expenses were found to be cofounding variables. Life satisfaction partially mediated the effect of self-reported oral health on cognitive function (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010 to 0.075). The mediating effect of life satisfaction accounted for 24% of the total effect. Conclusion The level of cognitive function was relatively high. Self-reported oral health was positively associated with cognitive function, and the mediating effect of life satisfaction was proven to exist in the community-dwelling older individuals. Early screening for oral diseases and a greater focus on life satisfaction are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongqian Lu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinfei Shi
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Willroth E, Pfund G, McGhee C, Rule P. Well-Being as a Protective Factor Against Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:765-776. [PMID: 36734357 PMCID: PMC10174196 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Treatments that target the biological causes of dementia remain limited, making prevention critically important. Well-being-defined broadly as living in accordance with one's potential and experiencing one's life as enjoyable and satisfying-is a promising avenue for prevention. It can be targeted by large-scale, noninvasive interventions and has been linked with better cognitive health and lower dementia risk. In the current review, we begin by summarizing empirical evidence linking well-being to cognitive functioning, cognitive decline, dementia diagnosis, and dementia-related neuropathology. Then, we highlight 3 key areas for future research. METHODS We searched the literature on wellbeing, cognitive decline, and dementia, focusing on prospective and longitidinal evidence. RESULTS The research reviewed here provides consistent evidence for associations of well-being with cognitive decline, dementia risk, and cognitive resilience to neuropathology. However, several open questions remain regarding (1) causality and mechanism(s), (2) specificity versus generalizability of associations, and (3) timing. DISCUSSION To inform potential intervention efforts, the field must address complex open questions about whether, how, when, and for whom well-being influences dementia risk. The majority of existing research on well-being and cognitive health is correlational, and few studies have tested potential mechanisms that may explain those associations. Further, relatively little is known about the generalizability of associations across different aspects of well-being and for different sociocultural groups. Finally, we do not yet understand when in the life span and on what timescale well-being might influence cognitive health. We discuss challenges and opportunities for addressing each of these open questions, including concrete recommendations for research designs and use of open science practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chloe McGhee
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Payton Rule
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Laera G, Joly-Burra E, Zuber S, Ballhausen N, Künzi M, Ihle A, da Silva Coelho C, Haas M, Mikneviciute G, Tinello D, Kliegel M, Hering A. Do executive functions explain older adults' health-related quality of life beyond event-based prospective memory? NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:135-149. [PMID: 34665685 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.1989368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that event-based prospective memory (EBPM) predicted health-related quality of life (HrQoL). In the present study, we aimed to examine whether the relationship between EBPM and HrQoL extended to life satisfaction, and whether it persisted after controlling for other cognitive functions related to EBPM, namely executive functions and retrospective memory. We tested two models using structural equation modeling with latent variables in a sample of older adults. In the first model, we assessed whether EBPM predicted life satisfaction and HrQoL; in the second model, we controlled for retrospective memory and executive functions. The first model indicated that EBPM was related to HrQoL. However, in the second model, this relationship was eliminated by executive functions; life satisfaction was not related to any of the cognitive variables. Findings corroborated the link between HrQoL and EBPM, suggesting that such relationship stems from executive functions rather than retrospective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Laera
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Joly-Burra
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Zuber
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Ballhausen
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School for Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M Künzi
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ihle
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C da Silva Coelho
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Haas
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Mikneviciute
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Tinello
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,LIVES, Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspective, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Hering
- Cognitive Aging Lab (Cal), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School for Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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8
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Willroth EC, James BD, Graham EK, Kapasi A, Bennett DA, Mroczek DK. Well-Being and Cognitive Resilience to Dementia-Related Neuropathology. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:283-297. [PMID: 36473124 PMCID: PMC10068507 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221119828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all older adults with dementia-related neuropathology in their brains experience cognitive decline or impairment. Instead, some people maintain relatively normal cognitive functioning despite neuropathologic burden, a phenomenon called cognitive resilience. Using a longitudinal, epidemiological, clinical-pathologic cohort study of older adults in the United States (N = 348), the present research investigated associations between well-being and cognitive resilience. Consistent with preregistered hypotheses, results showed that higher eudaimonic well-being (measured via the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale) and higher hedonic well-being (measured via the Satisfaction with Life Scale) were associated with better-than-expected cognitive functioning relative to one's neuropathological burden (i.e., beta-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies, vascular pathologies, hippocampal sclerosis, and TDP-43). The association of eudaimonic well-being in particular was present above and beyond known cognitive resilience factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, education, cognitive activity, low neuroticism, low depression) and dementia risk factors (i.e., apolipoprotein E [ApoE] genotype, medical comorbidities). This research highlights the importance of considering eudaimonic well-being in efforts to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush
Medical College, Rush University
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush
University
| | | | - Alifiya Kapasi
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush
University
- Department of Pathology, Rush Medical
College, Rush University
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush
University
- Department of Neurological Sciences,
Rush Medical College, Rush University
| | - Daniel K. Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences,
Northwestern University
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern
University
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9
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Zhu X, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Multidimensional Assessment of Subjective Well-Being and Risk of Dementia: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2023; 24:629-650. [PMID: 37153640 PMCID: PMC10162491 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations between subjective well-being (SWB) and risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD). We adopted a multidimensional approach to SWB that included the level and breadth of SWB, the latter indicating the extent to which SWB spreads across life domains. Participants (N=171,197; mean age=56.78; SD=8.16 years) were part of the UK Biobank and were followed up to 8.78 years. Domain-general and domain-specific SWB were measured by single items, and the breadth of SWB was indexed with a cumulative score of satisfaction across domains. Dementia incidence was ascertained through hospital and death records. Cox regression was used to examine the association between SWB indicators and risk of all-cause dementia, AD, and VD. General happiness, health and family satisfaction, and satisfaction breadth (satisfaction in multiple domains) were associated with lower risk of all-cause dementia. The associations held after accounting for socio-demographics, health, behavioral, and economic covariates, and depressive symptoms. Health satisfaction and the breadth of satisfaction were also associated with lower risk of AD and VD, with a pattern of slightly stronger associations for VD compared to AD. Some life domains (e.g., health) may be more fruitfully targeted to promote well-being and help protect against dementia, but it is also important to enhance well-being across multiple domains to maximize the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Zhu
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Keyes H, Gradidge S, Gibson N, Harvey A, Roeloffs S, Zawisza M, Forwood S. Attending live sporting events predicts subjective wellbeing and reduces loneliness. Front Public Health 2023; 10:989706. [PMID: 36684908 PMCID: PMC9848399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.989706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study explored whether attending live sporting events (LSEs) improved subjective wellbeing and loneliness, above and beyond demographic predictors. Methods Secondary data from 7,249 adults from the Taking Part 2019-20 survey (UK household survey of participation in culture and sport) were analyzed. Multiple linear regressions captured the effect of attending LSEs (yes/no) on wellbeing variables (happiness, anxiety, a sense that life is worthwhile and life satisfaction) and loneliness, with gender, Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), age group, health and employment as covariates. Results For life satisfaction, a sense that life is worthwhile, and loneliness, inclusion of LSE attendance in the model improved model fit significantly, although ΔR2 values were small (ΔR2 = 0.001-0.003). For happiness and anxiety, the inclusion of LSE attendance did not alter model fit. LSE attendance was associated with increased life satisfaction (b = 0.171, p < 0.001), a greater sense of life being worthwhile (b = 0.230, p < 0.001), and reduced loneliness (b = -0.083, p < 0.01). Conclusion LSE attendance has positive associations with some aspects of subjective wellbeing (life satisfaction and a sense of life being worthwhile) and loneliness, above and beyond demographic predictors. Whilst the variance explained is small, it is comparable to demographic predictors (e.g., being in employment). As even small-sized differences in SWB can have meaningful outcomes (e.g., for mortality), we conclude that LSE attendance may still offer a scalable, accessible and effective means of improving the public's wellbeing and reducing loneliness.
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11
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Zhu X, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Satisfaction With Life and Risk of Dementia: Findings From the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:1831-1840. [PMID: 35474537 PMCID: PMC9535771 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life satisfaction is increasingly viewed as an asset associated with better general health, but its association with cognitive health and risk of dementia is less examined. We tested the hypothesis that higher life satisfaction would be associated with lower risk of dementia. METHODS Participants were a nationally representative sample of adults (n = 8,021; age range: 45-93 years) from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging assessed every 2 years for up to 12 years. Multilevel modeling analysis examined whether life satisfaction is associated with cognitive functioning and decline. The primary analysis used Cox regression to examine the association between baseline life satisfaction and risk of incident dementia. RESULTS Between-person differences and within-person changes in life satisfaction were associated with cognitive functioning, but life satisfaction was unrelated to the rate of cognitive decline. Higher life satisfaction was also associated with lower risk of dementia, even after accounting for demographic factors, depressive symptoms, cardiovascular and functional risk factors, health behaviors, and social contact. DISCUSSION Satisfaction with life may function as a positive psychological resource for maintaining cognitive functioning and protecting against the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Zhu
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Martina Luchetti
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Angelina R Sutin
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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12
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Kim J, Lee J, Park J, Kim H, Yoo I. The Impact of Physical Environment on the Cognitive Function of the Elderly: A Scoping Review of Cohort Studies. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10848223211058826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review examined whether the physical environment can change the cognitive function of the elderly and categorized the specific environmental types. Four databases, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO, were searched for relevant literature published as of December 2020. The framework used was proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, which includes a 5-stage review process. A total of 12 studies were examined. The physical environments with similar characteristics, among all the environmental elements, were grouped together into 4 categories: residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, urban/rural, and care facilities. Residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, and care facilities were found to have a significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly. However, there was no significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly when comparing the urban and rural environments. Although studies on environments that affect the cognitive function of the elderly are still ongoing, the ones analyzing specific environments in detail are insufficient. With the increasing importance of the role played by the environment in the cognitive impairment of the elderly, detailed studies on specific environments among the various environmental factors surrounding the elderly, such as this study, should be conducted more actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakseong Kim
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ingyu Yoo
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wyman MF, Van Hulle CA, Umucu E, Livingston S, Lambrou NH, Carter FP, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Gleason CE, Zuelsdorff M. Psychological well-being and cognitive aging in Black, Native American, and White Alzheimer's Disease Research Center participants. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:924845. [PMID: 35967004 PMCID: PMC9372578 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.924845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being is associated with cognition in later life but has not been examined across diverse populations-including minoritized communities at disproportionately high risk of dementia. Further, most previous work has not been able to examine links between specific facets of psychological well-being and performance within distinct cognitive domains that can capture subclinical impairment. Using a well-characterized sample followed through enrollment in an NIH-funded Alzheimer's Disease Center, we sought to test these associations within three racial groups at baseline. Participants were N = 529 cognitively unimpaired Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white middle-aged and older adults (mean age = 63.6, SD = 8.1, range = 45-88 years) enrolled in the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center's Clinical Core. Predictors included validated NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery scales assessing positive affect, general life satisfaction, and meaning and purpose. Outcomes included performance on widely used tests of executive functioning and episodic memory. We conducted race-stratified regression models to assess within-group relationships. Black and AI/AN participants reported lower life satisfaction than white participants. Racial disparities were not observed for positive affect or meaning and purpose scores. Across groups, life satisfaction predicted better executive functioning. Similar associations were observed for positive affect in Black and AI/AN samples but not among whites. In general, well-being measures were not related to performance on tests of episodic memory. Our results highlight well-being as a potentially important determinant of late-life cognitive health, particularly executive functioning, that is modifiable if older adults are connected with appropriate resources and supports. Further, psychological well-being may represent a potent target for brain health interventions tailored for Black and Native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F. Wyman
- W.S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carol A. Van Hulle
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emre Umucu
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sydnee Livingston
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nickolas H. Lambrou
- W.S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fabu P. Carter
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- W.S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- W.S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carey E. Gleason
- W.S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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14
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Wang Y, Shirai K, Ohira T, Hirosaki M, Kondo N, Takeuchi K, Yamaguchi C, Tamada Y, Kondo K, Cadar D, Iso H. Occasions for laughter and dementia risk: Findings from a six-year cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:392-398. [PMID: 35289045 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Currently, there is little evidence on the relationship between laughter and the risk of dementia, and since laughter is mainly a social behavior, we aimed to examine the association between various occasions for laughter and the risk of dementia in Japanese older adults. METHODS We draw upon 6-year follow-up data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, including 12 165 independent older adults aged 65 years or over. Occasions for laughter were assessed using a questionnaire, while dementia was diagnosed using the standardized dementia scale of the long-term care insurance system in Japan. Cox proportional hazards models were estimated, yielding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The multivariable hazard ratio of dementia incidence for all participants in the groups for high versus low variety of occasions for laughter was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.98, P for trend <0.001). A greater variety of occasions for laughter was associated with a lower risk of dementia 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63-0.96, P for trend <0.001) among women, but was less pronounced for men, with significant associations only for the medium group. Laughing during conversations with friends, communicating with children or grandchildren, and listening to the radio were primarily associated with decreased risk. CONCLUSION A greater variety of laughter occasions in individual and social settings was associated with a reduced risk of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 392-398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirosaki
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chikae Yamaguchi
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yudai Tamada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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15
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Shibata M, Ohara T, Hosoi M, Hata J, Yoshida D, Hirabayashi N, Morisaki Y, Nakazawa T, Mihara A, Nagata T, Oishi E, Anno K, Sudo N, Ninomiya T. Emotional Loneliness Is Associated With a Risk of Dementia in a General Japanese Older Population: The Hisayama Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1756-1766. [PMID: 33170218 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of loneliness and its component subscales with the risk of dementia in a general Japanese older population. METHOD A total of 1,141 community-dwelling Japanese residents aged ≥65 years without dementia were prospectively followed up for a median 5.0 years. We evaluated any loneliness and its component subscales-namely, social and emotional loneliness-by using the 6-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of each loneliness type on the risk of dementia controlling for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, physical factors, social isolation factors, and depression. RESULTS During the follow-up, 114 participants developed dementia. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of dementia was significantly greater in participants with any loneliness and emotional loneliness than those without. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) of participants with any loneliness and emotional loneliness on incident dementia were 1.61 (1.08-2.40) and 1.65 (1.07-2.54), respectively, as compared to those without. However, there was no significant association between social loneliness and dementia risk. In subgroup analyses of social isolation factors, excess risks of dementia associated with emotional loneliness were observed in participants who had a partner, lived with someone, or rarely communicated with relatives or friends, but such association was not significant in participants who had no partner, lived alone, or frequently communicated with friends or relatives. DISCUSSION The present study suggested that loneliness, especially emotional loneliness, was a significant risk factor for the development of dementia in the general older population in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Shibata
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Hosoi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hirabayashi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Morisaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taro Nakazawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akane Mihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kozo Anno
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Wöbbeking Sánchez M, Sánchez Cabaco A, Bonete-López B, Urchaga Litago JD, Loureiro MJ, Mejía M. Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in a Population of Senior Citizens. Front Psychol 2021; 12:636914. [PMID: 34276467 PMCID: PMC8279766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The specialised literature indicates that the two key aspects in active ageing are performing physical activity and life satisfaction. Regarding physical activity, this not only improves physical aspects of senior citizens, but also has a positive impact on mental well-being and satisfaction with one’s own life. The aim is to demonstrate the relationship between these two variables to explain healthy ageing. Method: In a sample of 300 senior citizen subjects, the influence of various sociodemographic variables (age, sex, institutionalisation, and level of education) on the performance of physical activity and life satisfaction, is analysed. The research design is a non-experimental study with two unique cross-sectional and correlational measurement groups. Results: An analysis of the results indicates that people with a higher level of education present differences in physical and motivational reserves. Furthermore, age and institutionalisation have an impact on physical reserves. Analysis using structural equation models allows key relationships between the variables analysed to be predicted, which can guide the implementation of active ageing. Conclusion: Motivational reserves affect healthy cognitive ageing through their positive impact on cognitive and physical reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatriz Bonete-López
- Department of Health Psychology, The Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Joaquím Loureiro
- Department of Psychology and Education, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Manuel Mejía
- School of Psychology, CETYS University, Tijuana, Mexico
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17
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Katayama O, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Chiba I, Harada K, Shinkai Y, Shimada H. Life Satisfaction and the Relationship between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Disability Incidence: An Observational Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126595. [PMID: 34205253 PMCID: PMC8296376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the incidence of disability and cognitive function has been clarified, but whether life satisfaction is related to this relationship is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify whether life satisfaction is related to the relationship between the incidence of disability and mild cognitive impairment. We included 2563 older adults from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology–Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Baseline measurements included cognitive, life satisfaction, and demographic characteristics. Life satisfaction was measured using the Life Satisfaction Scale, which was stratified into three levels based on the score: lower, moderate, and higher. Associations between disability incidence and mild cognitive impairment were examined for each group according to life satisfaction, and monthly assessment for disability was monitored through long-term care insurance certification for at least 2 years from the baseline. At a 35.5-month mean follow-up, 150 participants had developed a disability. The potential confounding factors adjusted hazard for incidence of disability in the group with lower life satisfaction was 1.88 (CI: 1.05–3.35; p = 0.034) for mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment was associated with disability incidence, and the effect was more pronounced among older adults with lower life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Katayama
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-45-5639
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Seongryu Bae
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Ippei Chiba
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Yohei Shinkai
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu 474-8511, Japan; (S.L.); (S.B.); (K.M.); (I.C.); (K.H.); (Y.S.); (H.S.)
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18
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Ma YH, Yang YX, Shen XN, Chen SD, Tan L, Dong Q, Yu JT. Evaluation relationships between subjective wellbeing, personality traits, and Alzheimer's disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:498-505. [PMID: 33798978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies have suggested that subjective wellbeing and personality traits link to risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear if these associations are causal. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization to assess potential causality. Genetic associations were obtained from the largest genome-wide association studies in Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (N = 298,420), Genetics of Personality Consortium (N = 81,036), and four independent consortia of AD (N = 455,258). We run the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach as one primary analysis. A Bonferroni-corrected threshold of p < 8.33 × 10-3 was considered significant, and p values between 8.33 × 10-3 and 0.05 were considered to be suggestive of an association. RESULTS The suggestive association with decreased risk of AD was noted for a genetically predicted 1-SD increase in subjective wellbeing (odds ratio = 0.963, 95% confidence interval = 0.930-0.997; p = 0.032). Genetically predicted greater neuroticism was significantly associated with lower subjective wellbeing (β = -0.077; p = 0.004). No putative personality traits were significantly associated with AD risk after correction for multiple tests, including agreeableness (β = -0.0010; p = 0.477), conscientiousness (β = 0.0018; p = 0.270), openness (β = 0.0004; p = 0.738), neuroticism (β = -0.0098; p = 0.262), or extraversion (β = 0.0120; p = 0.262). CONCLUSIONS Subjective wellbeing may independently reduce the risk of AD. Residual confounding is likely to be responsible for the previous observational relationships between personality traits and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, China.
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Ding X, Abner EL, Schmitt FA, Crowley J, Goodman P, Kryscio RJ. Mental Component Score (MCS) from Health-Related Quality of Life Predicts Incidence of Dementia in U.S. Males. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2021; 8:169-174. [PMID: 33569563 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2020.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36) measures health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from the individual's point of view and is an indicator of overall health status. OBJECTIVE To examine whether HRQoL shows differential changes over time prior to dementia onset and investigate whether HRQoL predicts incidence of dementia. DESIGN Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by Vitamin E and Selenium (PREADViSE) trial, which recruited 7,547 non-demented men between 2002 and 2009. A subset of 2,746 PREADViSE participants who completed up to five SF-36 assessments at annual visits was included in the current analysis. SETTING Secondary data analysis of PREADViSE data. PARTICIPANTS A subset of 2,746 PREADViSE participants who completed up to five SF-36 assessments at annual visits was included in the current analysis. MEASUREMENTS Two summary T scores were generated for analysis: physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS), each with a mean of 50 (standard deviation of 10); higher scores are better. Linear mixed models (LMM) were applied to determine if mean component scores varied over time or by eventual dementia status. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine if the baseline component scores were associated with dementia incidence, adjusting for baseline age, race, APOE-4 carrier status, sleep apnea, and self-reported memory complaint at baseline. RESULTS The mean baseline MCS score for participants who later developed dementia (mean± SD: 53.9±9.5) was significantly lower than for those participants who did not develop dementia during the study (mean±SD: 56.4±6.5; p = 0.005). Mean PCS scores at baseline (dementia: 49.3±7.9 vs. non-dementia: 49.8±7.8) were not significantly different (p = 0.5) but LMM analysis showed a significant time effect. For MCS, the indicator for eventual dementia diagnosis was significantly associated with poorer scores after adjusting for baseline age, race, and memory complaint. Adjusted for other baseline risk factors, the Cox model showed that a 10-unit increase in MCS was associated with a 44% decrease in the hazard of a future dementia diagnosis (95% CI: 32%-55%). CONCLUSION The SF-36 MCS summary score may serve as a predictor for future dementia and could be prognostic in longitudinal dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ding
- Xiuhua Ding, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Public Health, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA, , phone: 270-745-3618, Fax: 270-745-6950
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20
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Kim J, Lee M, Dan H. Gender Differences in Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction of the Elderly with Multimorbidity in Korea. NURSING REPORTS 2021; 11:54-63. [PMID: 34968312 PMCID: PMC8608087 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance the life satisfaction of the elderly with multimorbidity, it is necessary to investigate the relevant factors and to examine the differences in factors according to gender. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting life satisfaction of the elderly with multimorbidity in the community by gender in Korea. We analyzed data from 2140 participants with multimorbidity who were aged 65 or older and participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) in 2016. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors affecting life satisfaction among male and female older participants with multimorbidity. The most common pattern of multimorbidity of women was hypertension and arthritis/rheumatism, while that of men was hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as depression, exercise, and number of chronic diseases, affected both male and female participants, but others related to life satisfaction varied by gender. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of multiple chronic diseases, and policy support should be provided in consideration of gender differences to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Infectious Disease Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Hyunju Dan
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Kim S, Choe K, Lee K. Depression, Loneliness, Social Support, Activities of Daily Living, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults at High-Risk of Dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249448. [PMID: 33348548 PMCID: PMC7767125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the number of older adults with dementia increases, early diagnosis and intervention are crucially important. The purpose of this study was to conduct dementia screening on older adults to determine whether there are differences in depression, loneliness, social support, daily activities of living, and life satisfaction between older adults at high-risk for dementia compared with low-risk older adults. We hypothesized a negative relationship between high-risk older adults and these factors. This study also hypothesized a moderating effect for social support on the relationship between daily living activities and life satisfaction. This study used a cross-sectional design with survey data. Participants were recruited at 15 public community health centers in South Korea. A total of 609 older adults (male 208, female 401) living in the community were screened for early dementia, and 113 participants (18.9%) were assigned to the high-risk group. As hypothesized, participants in the high-risk group showed significantly more negative results in terms of activities of daily living, depression, loneliness, social support, and life satisfaction compared with participants in the low-risk group. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the importance of early screening for dementia and policies for effective dementia prevention.
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22
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Snitz BE, Chang Y, Tudorascu DL, Lopez OL, Lopresti BJ, DeKosky ST, Carlson MC, Cohen AD, Kamboh MI, Aizenstein HJ, Klunk WE, Kuller LH. Predicting resistance to amyloid-beta deposition and cognitive resilience in the oldest-old. Neurology 2020; 95:e984-e994. [PMID: 32699143 PMCID: PMC7668550 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore long-term predictors of avoiding β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and maintaining unimpaired cognition as outcomes in the oldest old. METHODS In a longitudinal observational cohort study, 100 former participants of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study (GEMS; 2000-2008) completed biannual Pittsburgh compound B-PET imaging and annual clinical-cognitive evaluations beginning in 2010. Most recent Aβ status and cognitive status were selected for each participant. Longitudinal outcomes included change in serial Aβ and cognitive tests. Baseline predictors from GEMS included neuropsychological tests, daily functioning, APOE genotype, lifestyle variables, occupational measures, health history, sleep, subjective memory, physical and cognitive activities, depressive symptoms, and physical performance and health indices, among others. RESULTS Mean age at the last cognitive evaluation was 92.0 (range 86-100) years. Mean follow-up time from baseline to last measured Aβ status was 12.3 (SD 1.9) years and to last cognitive evaluation was 14.1 (SD 1.9) years. The APOE*2 allele predicted last Aβ status (n = 34 Aβ negative vs n = 66 Aβ positive). Baseline cognition predicted cognitive status (n = 30 unimpaired vs n = 70 impaired). Predictors of cognitive status among Aβ-positive participants only (n = 14 normal cognition vs n = 52 impaired) were baseline cognitive test scores and smoking history. Baseline pulse pressure predicted longitudinal Aβ increase; paid work engagement and life satisfaction predicted less cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS The APOE*2 allele and lower pulse pressure predict resistance to Aβ deposition in advanced aging. Cognitive test scores 14 years prior, likely reflecting premorbid abilities, predict cognitive status and maintenance of unimpaired cognition in the presence of Aβ. Several lifestyle factors appear protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E Snitz
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Yuefang Chang
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dana L Tudorascu
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michelle C Carlson
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann D Cohen
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Howard J Aizenstein
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - William E Klunk
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.E.S., O.L.L., W.E.K.), Neurological Surgery (Y.C.), Medicine (D.L.T.), Radiology (B.J.L.), Psychiatry (A.D.C., H.J.A., W.E.K.), Human Genetics (M.I.K.), and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology (S.T.D.), University of Florida, Gainesville; and Department of Mental Health (M.C.C.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Liu J, Wei W, Peng Q, Xue C. Perceived Health and Life Satisfaction of Elderly People: Testing the Moderating Effects of Social Support, Attitudes Toward Aging, and Senior Privilege. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2020; 33:144-154. [PMID: 31378127 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719866926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As health declines with age, it is critical to explore moderators that could buffer the impact of declining health on life satisfaction of elderly people. This study aims to test the moderating effects of social support, attitudes toward aging, and senior privilege on the relationship between perceived health and life satisfaction among elderly people. The study used a sample of 5809 Chinese elderly people. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test the moderating effects of the study variables along with gender difference. The results show that social support and attitudes toward aging do not moderate the relationship between perceived health and life satisfaction; senior privilege however, amplifies the impact of perceived health on life satisfaction for female elderly people. The findings recommend personalized provision of senior privilege based on health status and types of diseases, rather than only based on age; and suggest tailored female-oriented social services such as psychological counseling and humanistic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Foreign Languages and Tourism, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,College of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Qingyun Peng
- Department of Sociology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenzhe Xue
- School of Foreign Languages and Tourism, Wuxi Institute of Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Köttl H, Fallahpour M, Hedman A, Nygård L, Kottorp A. Depression, everyday technology use and life satisfaction in older adults with cognitive impairments: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:233-243. [PMID: 32200561 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Life satisfaction is strongly associated with participation in everyday life activities. Yet, older adults with cognitive impairments have been found to experience difficulties in accessing and engaging in more complex everyday activities, especially, if these involve everyday technology. Considering the rapidly advancing technological landscape, this may substantially affect individuals' life satisfaction and their participation in meaningful community-based and home-based activities. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations between life satisfaction, ability to use everyday technology and number of relevant everyday technologies used in older adults (n = 117) with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It also aimed to understand the role of depression, activity involvement and diagnosis regarding life satisfaction in this sample. METHOD Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and t-tests were applied to compare those satisfied and those dissatisfied with life regarding ability to use everyday technology and number of relevant everyday technologies used. FINDINGS The number of relevant community-based everyday technologies currently not used was significantly associated with being dissatisfied with life (p < 0.05). Further, depression and withdrawal from activities and interests significantly differed across life satisfaction groups, while no group differences were found regarding overall number of everyday technologies in use and ability to use everyday technology. CONCLUSION Attention from healthcare professionals and researchers to early withdrawal from activities that rely on community-based everyday technologies is called for, especially in older adults with depression. Preventing everyday technology-related barriers in community life may increase life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Köttl
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mandana Fallahpour
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Annicka Hedman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Louise Nygård
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anders Kottorp
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Voss MW, Wadsworth LL, Birmingham W, Merryman MB, Crabtree L, Subasic K, Hung M. Health Effects of Late-Career Unemployment. J Aging Health 2018; 32:106-116. [PMID: 30338714 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318806792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Job loss has a demonstrated negative impact on physical and mental health. Involuntary retirement has also been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This study examined whether late-career unemployment is related to involuntary retirement and health declines postretirement. Method: Analysis was conducted using the 2000-2012 U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) survey data with unemployment months regressed with demographic and baseline health measures on physical and mental health. Results: Individuals with late-career unemployment reported more involuntary retirement timing (47.0%) compared with those reporting no unemployment (27.9%). Late-career unemployment had no significant effect on self-reported physical health (β = .003, p = .84), but was significantly associated with lower levels of mental health (β = .039; p < .01). Conclusion: Self-reports of late-career unemployment are not associated with physical health in retirement, but unemployment is associated with involuntary retirement timing and mental health declines in retirement. Unemployment late in the working career should be addressed as a public mental health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Wright Voss
- Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Man Hung
- The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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26
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dos Santos SB, Rocha GP, Fernandez LL, de Padua AC, Reppold CT. Association of Lower Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, Self-Esteem, Subjective Well-Being, Optimism and Hope Scores With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia. Front Psychol 2018; 9:371. [PMID: 29666594 PMCID: PMC5891611 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Positive psychology (PP) constructs contribute significantly to a better quality of life for people with various diseases. There are still few studies that have evaluated the evolution of these aspects during the progression of dementia. Objective: To compare the scores for self-esteem, life satisfaction, affect, spirituality, hope, optimism and perceived support network between elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild dementia and moderate dementia and control group. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 66 healthy controls, 15 elderly people with MCI, 25 with mild dementia and 22 with moderate dementia matched by age, gender, and schooling. The instruments used were: Spirituality Self Rating Scale (SSRS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Medical Outcomes Study's Social Support Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS). Results: The scores for spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affect, and hope differed significantly between the groups (p < 0.05). The individuals with MCI and mild dementia had lower spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism and hope scores, and higher negative affect scores compared with the controls. The scores for PP constructs did not differ between the group of people with moderate dementia and the control group. Conclusion: Dementia was found to impact several PP constructs in the early stages of the disease. For individuals with greater cognitive impairment, anosognosia appears to suppress the disease's impact on these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina B. dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabrielli P. Rocha
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liana L. Fernandez
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Analuiza C. de Padua
- Department of Medical Clinics, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline T. Reppold
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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27
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Rawtaer I, Gao Q, Nyunt MSZ, Feng L, Chong MS, Lim WS, Lee TS, Yap P, Yap KB, Ng TP. Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors and Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Community Dwelling Elderly: Findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:603-611. [PMID: 28269770 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indicators of social isolation or support such as living alone, loneliness, being married, and life satisfaction are possible psychosocial risk and protective factors for dementia. OBJECTIVE We investigate the associations of these overlapping psychosocial factors with incident MCI-dementia (neurocognitive disorder) in a population cohort. METHODS Using data from 1601 participants of the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS) who were free of MCI or dementia at baseline and followed up to 8 years, we estimated hazards ratio (HR) of association of living alone, loneliness, being married, and high life satisfaction with incident MCI-dementia. RESULTS In univariate analyses, individual HRs of association with incident MCI-dementia for living alone was 1.86 [1.18 - 2.95], (p = 0.008), loneliness was 1.26 [0.86 - 1.84], (p = 0.23), being married was 0.54 [0.39 - 0.75] (p < 0.0001), and being very satisfied with life was 0.59 [0.38-0.91]), (p = 0.017). Adjusted mutually for other psychosocial variables, and for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, central obesity, history of stroke or heart disease, APOE-ɛ4, depression, physical, social, and productive activities, only being married (0.68 [0.47-0.99], p = 0.044), and being very satisfied with life (0.61 [0.39 - 0.96], p = 0.034) remained significant variables associated with lower risks of developing MCI-dementia. CONCLUSION Individuals who were married and those who were very satisfied with life are protected against the risk of developing MCI and dementia. Controlling for the adverse effects of being without spousal support and low life satisfaction, living alone or a feeling of loneliness were not associated with increased risk of MCI-dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rawtaer
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Qi Gao
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mei Sian Chong
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tih-Shih Lee
- Neurobehavioural Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Philip Yap
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Alexandra Health System, Singapore
| | - Keng Bee Yap
- Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Alexandra Health System, Singapore
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28
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Zaragoza-Martí A, Ferrer-Cascales R, Hurtado-Sánchez JA, Laguna-Pérez A, Cabañero-Martínez MJ. Relationship between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Health-Related Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction among Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:89-96. [PMID: 29300427 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and health-related quality of life and degree of life satisfaction among older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 351 people older than 60 years participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS The Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated to assess the degree of adherence to the MD. MD adherence was related to health-related quality of life using the Short Form Healthy Survey (SF-12) questionnaire, to life satisfaction using the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and to sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle variables. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyse this relationship. RESULTS Mediterranean diet adherence was related to health- related quality of life. Participants with better adherence to the MD were more physically active (p=0.01) and had better health-related quality of life (p<0.05) and lower consumption of alcoholic beverages (p=0.04). The age-adjusted model showed a significant association between the MD and mental function for both sexes and with physical function only for men. The fully adjusted model showed a direct relationship between the MD and life satisfaction of women (p>0.05) but not for that of men (p=0.31). CONCLUSIONS The adherence to the MD is directly associated with the self-perceived physical and mental function of both sexes and with the life satisfaction of women. Further studies in older adult populations should be performed to obtain conclusive results on the MD effect on health-related quality of life, including wellness indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaragoza-Martí
- R. Ferrer-Cascales, Department of Health Psychology. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Alicante, Spain
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29
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Calvo R, Carr DC, Matz-Costa C. Expanding the Happiness Paradox: Ethnoracial Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Older Immigrants in the United States. J Aging Health 2017; 31:231-255. [PMID: 28826270 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317726608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated nativity disparities in life satisfaction among ethnoracial groups of older adults in the United States and the factors associated with such disparities. METHOD Cross-sectional data from 7,348 respondents aged 60 and older from the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate linear regression models. RESULTS Older immigrants experienced higher levels of life satisfaction than comparable native-born individuals. This "happiness advantage" was particularly salient for Hispanic immigrants, who reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups included in the study. With increasing education, life satisfaction increased for White and "Other Race" groups, regardless of nativity. However, for both Black groups and native-born Hispanics, higher levels of education were associated with lower life satisfaction. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that the "happiness paradox" may not only be a matter of Hispanic ethnicity, but that it may also extend to immigrants from other ethnoracial backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Calvo
- 1 Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Dawn C Carr
- 2 Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
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30
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Dunne EM, Senn TE, Carey KB, Carey MP. Factors related to life satisfaction among urban African American adults receiving care at a publicly-funded sexual health clinic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 23:360-368. [PMID: 28778126 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1362109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Life satisfaction is linked to premature morbidity and mortality and it may be compromised for individuals living in economically-disadvantaged, urban neighborhoods. The present study explores how behavioral and social-environmental health factors are associated with life satisfaction among a sample of African American young adults. Participants (N = 307, Mage = 26.6 years, 53% male) were recruited from a publicly-funded clinic for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Data from the baseline assessment of the RCT, which included measures of sleep, depression, anxiety, social support, alcohol and drug use problems, city stress, and life satisfaction, were used for the current study. Correlation analyses assessed bivariate associations between life satisfaction and the demographic and health-related factors. Linear regression using backward elimination determined the best fitting model of factors associated with life satisfaction. Backward elimination resulted in the following variables remaining as significantly associated with life satisfaction: age (b = -2.40, p = .017), anxiety (b = -5.32, p < .001), and social support (b = 2.89, p = .004). Feeling rested upon waking also remained in the best fitting model, although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = .099). The results suggest that African American adults who are younger, less anxious, and report adequate social support are more likely to report satisfaction with life. These findings add to the literature aimed at examining health and social factors impacting the well-being of African Americans living in low-income, urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene M Dunne
- a Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Theresa E Senn
- b School of Nursing , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA.,d Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- a Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine , The Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA.,c Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA.,e Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , RI , USA
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Schnettler B, Miranda-Zapata E, Lobos G, Lapo M, Grunert KG, Adasme-Berríos C, Hueche C. Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the satisfaction with food-related life scale in older adults from two developing countries. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:113. [PMID: 28558803 PMCID: PMC5450115 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is one of the major determinants of successful aging. The Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) scale measures a person's overall assessment regarding their food and eating habits. The SWFL scale has been used in older adult samples across different countries in Europe, Asia and America, however, there are no studies that have evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the scale in older adult samples. Therefore, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the SWFL scale across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. METHODS Stratified random sampling was used to recruit a sample of older adults of both genders from Chile (mean age = 71.38, SD = 6.48, range = 60-92) and from Ecuador (mean age = 73.70, SD = 7.45, range = 60-101). Participants reported their levels of satisfaction with food-related life by completing the SWFL scale, which consists of five items grouped into a single dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine cross-cultural measurement invariance of the SWFL scale. RESULTS Results showed that the SWFL scale exhibited partial measurement invariance, with invariance of all factor loadings, invariance in all but one item's threshold (item 1) and invariance in all items' uniqueness (residuals), which leads us to conclude that there is a reasonable level of partial measurement invariance for the CFA model of the SWFL scale, when comparing the Chilean and Ecuadorian older adult samples. The lack of invariance in item 1 confirms previous studies with adults and emerging adults in Chile that suggest this item is culture-sensitive. We recommend revising the wording of the first item of the SWFL in order to relate the statement with the person's life. CONCLUSIONS The SWFL scale shows partial measurement invariance across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. A 4-item version of the scale (excluding item 1) provides the basis for international comparisons of satisfaction with food-related life in older adults from developing countries in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Schnettler
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Edgardo Miranda-Zapata
- LICSA, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Germán Lobos
- Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - María Lapo
- Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Clementina Hueche
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Honest Labor Bears a Lovely Face: Will Late-Life Unemployment Impact Health and Satisfaction in Retirement? J Occup Environ Med 2016; 59:184-190. [PMID: 28002355 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unemployment among older adults during recessionary cycles has been tied to early retirement decisions and negative health outcomes. This study explored episodes of unemployment experienced between age 50 and retirement as predictors of retirement age and health outcomes. METHODS A total of 1540 participants from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study aged 50 years and older who transitioned from workforce to retirement were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression controlling for unemployment, demographics, and health status. RESULTS Late-life unemployment significantly related to earlier retirement age and lowered life satisfaction, independent of income effects. We found no main effect for late-life unemployment on physical health status. CONCLUSIONS Potential improvements in future life satisfaction might be gained if job search obstacles are removed for older unemployed adults, reducing reliance on involuntary early retirement as an income source.
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