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d'Angremont E, van der Zee S, Slingerland S, Slomp AC, de Vries EFJ, van Laar T, Sommer IE. Cholinergic deficiency in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations. Brain 2024; 147:3370-3378. [PMID: 38864492 PMCID: PMC11449127 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual hallucinations can increase the burden of disease for both patients with Parkinson's disease and their caregivers. Multiple neurotransmitters have been implicated in the neuropathology of visual hallucinations, which provide targets for treatment and prevention. In this study, we assessed the association between cholinergic denervation and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease in vivo, using PET imaging of the cholinergic system. A total of 38 patients with Parkinson's disease participated in this study. A group of 10 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex and education, was included for comparison. None of the participants used cholinergic drugs. Thirteen patients who had experienced visual hallucinations in the past month (VH+) were compared with 20 patients who had never experienced visual hallucinations in their lives (VH-). Cholinergic system integrity was assessed with PET imaging using 18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol as the tracer. We assessed the differences in tracer uptake between groups by cluster-based analysis and by analysis of predefined regions of interest consisting of the ventral visual stream, the dorsal attentional network, the ventral attentional network and the lateral geniculate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus. The Parkinson's disease group (n = 38) showed an extensive pattern of decreased tracer uptake throughout the brain compared with the controls (n = 10). Within the Parkinson's disease group, the VH+ group (n = 13) showed a cluster of decreased tracer uptake compared with the VH- group (n = 20), which covered most of the left ventral visual stream and extended towards superior temporal areas. These results were mirrored in the regions of interest-based analysis, in which the VH+ group showed the strongest deficits in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left superior temporal gyrus compared with the VH- group. Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are associated with a marked cholinergic deficiency in the left ventral visual stream and the left superior temporal lobe, in addition to an extensive global cholinergic denervation in the general Parkinson's disease population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile d'Angremont
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sygrid van der Zee
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Slingerland
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Slomp
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hinckley J, Lenhardt R, Gaziani A, Merlino A. Applying linguistic demand analysis to functional multitasking assessments. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:804-813. [PMID: 35608569 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2075747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The linguistic demand of task instructions in cognitive assessments may mask or even invalidate cognitive testing results for individuals with language differences or impairments. The purpose of this study was to apply an analysis of linguistic demand to a sample of functional multitasking assessments. METHOD We sampled the task instructions and materials from seven functional multitasking assessments that are based on everyday activities. We calculated indices of linguistic demand. RESULTS The Density Index is based on total number of words, total number of sentences, total number of different words, total number of syllables, and complex (not-simple) sentences. The Breakfast Task and the Frisch Cooking Task consistently ranked lowest in linguistic demand for both instructions and materials based on the indices reviewed. These tasks are most likely to be appropriate for individuals with language impairment. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians have a responsibility to fairly evaluate cognitive functions of individuals with impaired language functioning. The analysis of linguistic demand provides a useful way to evaluate task instructions and materials in a systematic way, so that individuals with language impairments or language differences might be more appropriately evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aisha Gaziani
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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3
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Soule AC, Fish TJ, Thomas KGF, Schrieff-Brown L. Attention Training After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults: A Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)01137-7. [PMID: 39098578 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and efficacy of attentional training as a form of neuropsychological rehabilitation to ameliorate attention deficits in adults with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. DATA SOURCES Articles published in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched between January 17, and February 27, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Two reviewers blindly assessed studies for eligibility according to the following criteria: any article evaluating the efficacy of any type of behavioral intervention that targeted attention (by means of cognitive rehabilitative, psychoeducational, or neuropsychological strategies, at either an individual or group level) in adults who had sustained a formally documented moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. DATA EXTRACTION Methodological quality of each article was blindly assessed by 2 reviewers. Data were extracted from each study, including study type, sample size, sample characteristics, summary of intervention, measures used to assess attention, statistical outcomes and results, effect size, conclusion, and limitations. DATA SYNTHESIS 7314 articles were retrieved from databases, 4325 articles remained after duplicate removal, and finally 21 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Articles represented varied methodological quality in group or single subject design. Irrespective of the heterogeneity regarding intervention types and attentional outcome measures used across the studies, overall findings suggest that attentional gains can be made in this sample, irrespective of time since injury, age, and injury severity. Further, a growing interest in technology-based interventions is frequently used and holds promise to bettering rehabilitation efforts. However, there is still limited evidence supporting the ecological validity of attentional training interventions (eg, the transfer of treatment effects to daily activities). CONCLUSIONS This article plays a crucial role in informing ongoing rehabilitation practices, guiding clinicians with evidence-based strategies and shaping future research directions for more effective attentional training guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Soule
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Taryn J Fish
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G F Thomas
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Schrieff-Brown
- Department of Psychology, ACSENT Laboratory, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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4
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Imenez Silva PH, Pepin M, Figurek A, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E, Bobot M, Iervolino A, Mattace-Raso F, Hoorn EJ, Bailey MA, Hénaut L, Nielsen R, Frische S, Trepiccione F, Hafez G, Altunkaynak HO, Endlich N, Unwin R, Capasso G, Pesic V, Massy Z, Wagner CA. Animal models to study cognitive impairment of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F894-F916. [PMID: 38634137 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives, and society. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are poorly understood, and current therapies mostly aim at supporting patients in their daily lives. This illustrates the urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets and test novel therapies in appropriate preclinical models. Here, we will outline the necessary criteria for experimental modeling of cognitive disorders in CKD. We discuss the use of mice, rats, and zebrafish as model systems and present valuable techniques through which kidney function and cognitive impairment can be assessed in this setting. Our objective is to enable researchers to overcome hurdles and accelerate preclinical research aimed at improving the therapy of people with CKD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Pepin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018 Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Population, Équipe 5, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Bobot
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, and INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Universitaire, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Edinburgh Kidney, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande O Altunkaynak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vesna Pesic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ziad Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Villejuif, France
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hsieh CH, Ko CA, Liang CS, Yeh PK, Tsai CK, Tsai CL, Lin GY, Lin YK, Tsai MC, Yang FC. Longitudinal assessment of plasma biomarkers for early detection of cognitive changes in subjective cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1389595. [PMID: 38828389 PMCID: PMC11140011 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1389595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at an increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Early identification of SCD and neurodegenerative diseases using biomarkers may help clinical decision-making and improve prognosis. However, few cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have explored plasma biomarkers in individuals with SCD using immunomagnetic reduction. Objective To identify plasma biomarkers for SCD. Methods Fifty-two participants [38 with SCD, 14 healthy controls (HCs)] underwent baseline assessments, including measurements of plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, t-tau, p-tau, and α-synuclein using immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays, cognitive tests and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Following initial cross-sectional analysis, 39 individuals (29 with SCD, 10 HCs) entered a longitudinal phase for reassessment of these biomarkers and the MMSE. Biomarker outcomes across different individual categories were primarily assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SCD subgroup with an MMSE decline over one point was compared to those without such a decline. Results Higher baseline plasma Aβ1-42 levels significantly discriminated participants with SCD from HCs, with an acceptable area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 67.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 52.7-80.0%]. However, follow-up and changes in MMSE and IMR data did not significantly differ between the SCD and HC groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, lower baseline plasma Aβ1-42 levels were able to discriminate SCD subgroups with and without cognitive decline with a satisfied performance (AUC, 75.0%; 95% CI, 55.6-89.1%). At last, the changes in t-tau and Aβ42 × t-tau could differentiate between the two SCD subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Baseline plasma Aβ42 may help identify people with SCD and predict SCD progression. The role of plasma Aβ42 levels as well as their upward trends from baseline in cases of SCD that progress to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Ko
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuan Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Songshan Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Aslan G, Marinis T, Eggers K. Attention networks in multilingual adults who do and who do not stutter. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38423006 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2024.2316288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated whether multilinguals who stutter differ from multilinguals who do not stutter in terms of attention networks. Towards that end, it measured (a) performance differences in attention networks between multilinguals who stutter and those who do not stutter and (b) the correlation between stuttering characteristics and attention networks. Twenty-four multilingual Dutch-English speaking adults (20-46y), half of whom were diagnosed with stuttering, completed the Attentional Network Task (ANT) that evaluates the attention networks of alerting, orienting, and executive control. A language and social background questionnaire and a lexical decision task (LexTALE) assessed the participants' language proficiency. The Stuttering Severity Instrument 4th Ed. and the Brief Version of the Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs About Stuttering Scale were used to evaluate stuttering characteristics. The two groups did not differ in the ANT in terms of reaction time and error rate scores. Furthermore, no differences were observed in the three attention networks between the groups. Lastly, no correlation was found between stuttering characteristics and attention networks. The results suggest that the attention abilities of multilinguals who stutter do not differ from multilinguals who do not stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Aslan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theo Marinis
- Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kurt Eggers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, Thomas More, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Agha SS, Riglin L, Carbury R, Blakey R, Shakeshaft A, Thapar AK, Tilling K, Collishaw S, Stergiakouli E, Thapar A, Langley K. Young Adult ADHD Symptoms in the General Population and Neurocognitive Impairment. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:89-98. [PMID: 37864348 PMCID: PMC10676027 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurocognitive impairments are associated with child and adult ADHD in clinical settings. However, it is unknown whether adult ADHD symptoms in the general population are associated with the same pattern of cognitive impairment. We examined this using a prospective, population-based cohort spanning birth to age 25 years. METHODS We examined associations between self-reported adult ADHD symptoms and cognitive task performance (attention and response inhibition) in adulthood and childhood. RESULTS Self-rated ADHD symptoms at age 25 were associated with poorer performance in age 25 cognitive tasks capturing ADHD-related functioning (attention B = -0.03, 95% CI [0.05, -0.01], p = .005; response inhibition B = -0.03, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.01], p = .002). CONCLUSIONS Neurocognitive impairments linked to adult ADHD symptoms in the general population, are similar to those found in people with childhood ADHD symptoms and are consistent with findings in adult ADHD clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Shameem Agha
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Wales, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Rhian Carbury
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Shakeshaft
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ajay K. Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | | | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People’s Mental Health, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Kate Langley
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
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8
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Nunn K, Arbel Y, Vallila-Rohter S. An electrophysiological and behavioral investigation of feedback-based learning in aphasia. APHASIOLOGY 2023; 38:1195-1221. [PMID: 39148558 PMCID: PMC11323110 DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2023.2267780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Feedback is a fundamental aspect of aphasia treatments. However, learning from feedback is a cognitively demanding process. At the most basic level, individuals must detect feedback and extract outcome-related information (i.e., feedback processing). Neuroanatomical and neuropsychological differences associated with post-stroke aphasia may influence feedback processing and potentially how people with aphasia (PWA) respond to feedback-based treatments. To better understand how post-stroke aphasia affects feedback-based learning, the current study leverages event-related potentials (ERPs) to (1) characterize the relationship between feedback processing and learning, (2) identify cognitive skills that are associated with feedback processing, and (3) identify behavioural correlates of feedback-based learning in PWA. Methods Seventeen PWA completed a feedback-based novel word learning task. Feedback processing was measured using the feedback-related negativity (FRN), an ERP hypothesized to reflect the detection and evaluation of outcomes communicated via feedback. Individuals also completed neuropsychological assessments of language (phonological processing, verbal short-term memory) and executive functioning. Results PWA elicited an FRN that was sensitive to feedback valence. The magnitude of the FRN was not associated with novel word learning but was strongly correlated with performance on another feedback-based task, the Berg Card Sort. Cognitive variables (information updating, selective attention) but not language variables were associated with novel word learning. Discussion & Conclusion For PWA, feedback processing may be associated with learning in some but not all feedback-based contexts. These findings may inform future research in determining which variables moderate the relationship between feedback processing and learning with the long-term goal of identifying how feedback can be modified to support successful learning during aphasia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nunn
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yael Arbel
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Vallila-Rohter
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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D'Aurizio G, Di Pompeo I, Passarello N, Troisi Lopez E, Sorrentino P, Curcio G, Mandolesi L. Visuospatial working memory abilities in children analyzed by the bricks game task (BGT). PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:2111-2119. [PMID: 36800010 PMCID: PMC9936130 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the development of visuospatial memory processes is useful for devising personalized educational interventions as well as for understanding the changes in cognitive functioning in an era characterized by technological progress. The present research is aimed at investigating spatial working memory ability in children that attended the first three years of primary school by means of the Brick Game Task (BGT), a novel visuospatial working memory test. BGT is a small-scale ecological test inspired by behavioral walking tasks with nine white bricks in different spatial configurations as well as to Corsi Block-Tapping test.228 Italian children (121 F; mean age: 7.22 ± 1.18) were assigned to three groups based on the primary school class attended: Group 1 (N = 85; 40 F; mean age 6.18 ± .5), Group 2 (N = 61; 36 F; mean age 7.2 ± .83), and Group 3 (N = 82; 44 F; mean age 8.32 ± .94). All participants were asked to complete the Digit Span test, the Corsi Block-Tapping test, and to explore the three spatial configurations of the BGT with the form of Matrix, M-BGT, Cluster, CL-BGT, Cross, CR-BGT.MANOVA revealed a main significant effect for Group (F12,434 = 15.06; p < .0001) indicating that the group of older obtained a better global executive performance than 1 and 2 groups. Multiple linear regression indicated that Corsi Block-Tapping test performance and Age significantly predicted the M-BGT score. Moreover, Corsi Block-Tapping test and Digit Span significantly predicted the CL-BGT performance, showing how a higher score results in a better CL- BGT performance. Finally, Corsi Block-Tapping test, Digit Span, and Age were positively associated with the CR- BGT performance. The present findings evidenced that novel BGT is a sensible visuospatial working memory task suggesting thus its use to assess the children's executive performance in ecological way. These results open to the development of personalized educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Aurizio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Loc. Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - I Di Pompeo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Loc. Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - N Passarello
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - E Troisi Lopez
- Department of Motor Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - P Sorrentino
- Institut de Neurosciences Des Systemès, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - G Curcio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio - Loc. Coppito, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - L Mandolesi
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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10
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Barnett MD, Hardesty DR, Griffin RA, Parsons TD. Performance on a virtual environment shopping task and adaptive functioning among older adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:464-472. [PMID: 37638858 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2249175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychologists are often asked to evaluate patients' functional capacities, yet traditional neuropsychological tests have limited correspondence with real-world outcomes. The Virtual Environment Grocery Store (VEGS) is a virtual environment that simulates shopping tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between older adults' performance on the VEGS in relation to their self-reported adaptive functioning as well as performance on a performance-based adaptive functioning measure. Older adults (n = 98; age 65-90, M = 75.82, SD = 6.27) were administered the VEGS, the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADLS), and the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS). Neither premorbid functioning nor the VEGS variables were associated with self-rated adaptive functioning. However, all three VEGS variables were associated with performance-based adaptive functioning (i.e., the TFLS). Performance on the VEGS measure of correct items in the shopping cart explained 13.9% of the variance in performance on the performance-based adaptive functioning task. Whether the participant picked up the VEGS prescription explained 12.6% of the variance in performance on the performance-based adaptive functioning task. Performance on VEGS long delay free recall explained 35.1% of the variance in performance on the performance-based adaptive functioning task. These results suggest that the VEGS demonstrates value in predicting older adults' functional capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Barnett
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
- Memory Assessment and Research Center, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
| | - Danielle R Hardesty
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
- Memory Assessment and Research Center, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
| | - Rebekah A Griffin
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
- Memory Assessment and Research Center, the University of Texas at Tyler, USA
| | - Thomas D Parsons
- Grace Center, Edson College, Arizona State University, USA
- Computational Neuropsychology and Simulation, Arizona State University, USA
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11
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Salis C, Jarrar R, Murray LL. Language-Specific Dual-Task Effects After Stroke: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37418751 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dual-task paradigm has been frequently used to examine stroke-related deficits because it samples behavioral performance under conditions of distraction similar to functioning in real-life environments. This original systematic review synthesizes studies that examined dual-task effects involving spoken language production in adults affected by stroke, including transient ischemic attack (TIA) and poststroke aphasia. METHOD Five databases were searched (inception to March 2022) for eligible peer-reviewed articles. The 21 included studies reported a total of 561 stroke participants. Thirteen studies focused on single word production, for example, word fluency, and eight on discourse production, for example, storytelling. Most studies included participants who had suffered a major stroke. Six studies focused on aphasia, whereas no study focused on TIA. A meta-analysis was not appropriate because of the heterogeneity of outcome measures. RESULTS Some single word production studies found dual-task language effects whereas others did not. This finding was compounded by the lack of appropriate control participants. Most single word and discourse studies utilized motoric tasks in the dual-task condition. Our certainty (or confidence) assessment was based on a methodological appraisal of each study and information about reliability/fidelity. As 10 of the 21 studies included appropriate control groups and limited reliability/fidelity information, the certainty of the findings may be described as weak. CONCLUSIONS Language-specific dual-task costs were identified in single word studies, especially those that focused on aphasia as well as half of the nonaphasia studies. Unlike single word studies, nearly all studies of discourse showed dual-task decrements on at least some variables. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23605311.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Salis
- Speech & Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rawand Jarrar
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L Murray
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Conti M, Teghil A, Di Vita A, Boccia M. Lifelong impairment in episodic re-experiencing: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examination of a new case of Severely Deficient Autobiographical Memory. Cortex 2023; 163:80-91. [PMID: 37075508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) represents a complex and multimodal cognitive function, that allows an individual to collect and retrieve personal events and facts, enabling to develop and maintain the continuity of the self over time. Here we describe the case of DR (acronym of the fictional name Doriana Rossi), a 53-year-old woman, who complains of a specific and lifelong deficit in recalling autobiographical episodes. Along with an extensive neuropsychological assessment, DR underwent a structural and functional MRI examination to further define this impairment. The neuropsychological assessment revealed a deficit in episodic re-experiencing of her own personal life events. DR showed reduced cortical thickness in the Retrosplenial Complex in the left hemisphere, and in the Lateral Occipital Cortex, in the Prostriate Cortex and the Angular Gyrus in the right hemisphere. An altered pattern of activity in the calcarine cortex was detected during ordering of autobiographical events according to her own personal timeline. The present study provides further evidence about the existence of a severely deficient autobiographical memory condition in neurologically healthy people, with otherwise preserved cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the present data provide new important insights into neurocognitive mechanisms underpinning such a developmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Conti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alice Teghil
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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13
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Navarro D, Gasparyan A, Martí Martínez S, Díaz Marín C, Navarrete F, García Gutiérrez MS, Manzanares J. Methods to Identify Cognitive Alterations from Animals to Humans: A Translational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087653. [PMID: 37108813 PMCID: PMC10143375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in developed countries, associated with population aging, has generated great interest in characterizing and quantifying cognitive deficits in these patients. An essential tool for accurate diagnosis is cognitive assessment, a lengthy process that depends on the cognitive domains analyzed. Cognitive tests, functional capacity scales, and advanced neuroimaging studies explore the different mental functions in clinical practice. On the other hand, animal models of human diseases with cognitive impairment are essential for understanding disease pathophysiology. The study of cognitive function using animal models encompasses multiple dimensions, and deciding which ones to investigate is necessary to select the most appropriate and specific tests. Therefore, this review studies the main cognitive tests for assessing cognitive deficits in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Cognitive tests, the most commonly used functional capacity scales, and those resulting from previous evidence are considered. In addition, the leading behavioral tests that assess cognitive functions in animal models of disorders with cognitive impairment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Silvia Martí Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz Marín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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14
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Lister JJ, Hudak EM, Andel R, Edwards JD. The Effects of Piano Training on Auditory Processing, Cognition, and Everyday Function. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-023-00256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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15
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Nasiri E, Khalilzad M, Hakimzadeh Z, Isari A, Faryabi-Yousefabad S, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Naseri A. A comprehensive review of attention tests: can we assess what we exactly do not understand? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractAttention, as it is now defined as a process matching data from the environment to the needs of the organism, is one of the main aspects of human cognitive processes. There are several aspects to attention including tonic alertness (a process of intrinsic arousal that varies by minutes to hours), phasic alertness (a process that causes a quick change in attention as a result of a brief stimulus), selective attention (a process differentiating multiple stimuli), and sustained attention (a process maintaining persistence of response and continuous effort over an extended period). Attention dysfunction is associated with multiple disorders; therefore, there has been much effort in assessing attention and its domains, resulting in a battery of tests evaluating one or several attentional domains; instances of which are the Stroop color-word test, Test of Everyday Attention, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. These tests vary in terms of utilities, range of age, and domains. The role of attention in human life and the importance of assessing it merits an inclusive review of the efforts made to assess attention and the resulting tests; Here we highlight all the necessary data regarding neurophysiological tests which assess human attentive function and investigates the evolution of attention tests over time. Also, the ways of assessing the attention in untestable patients who have difficulty in reading or using a computer, along with the lack of ability to comprehend verbal instructions and executive tasks, are discussed. This review can be of help as a platform for designing new studies to researchers who are interested in working on attention and conditions causing deficits in this aspect of body function, by collecting and organizing information on its assessment.
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Update on the Efficacy of Cognitive Rehabilitation After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 104:315-330. [PMID: 35921874 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify, categorize, and analyze the methodological issues of cognitive rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and its efficacy. DATA SOURCES Pubmed and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2021 using keywords for cognitive intervention and traumatic brain injury. STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers selected articles concerning cognitive rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury. Of 458 studies, 97 full-text articles were assessed and 46 met the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Data were analyzed by 1 reviewer according to criteria concerning the methodological quality of studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Results showed a large scope of 7 cognitive domains targeted by interventions, delivered mostly in individual sessions (83%) with an integrative cognitive approach (48%). Neuroimaging tools as a measure of outcome remained scarce, featuring in only 20% of studies. Forty-three studies reported significant effects of cognitive rehabilitation, among which 7 fulfilled a high methodological level of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Advances and shortcomings in cognitive rehabilitation have both been highlighted and led us to develop methodological key points for future studies. The choice of outcome measures, the selection of control interventions, and the use of combined rehabilitation should be investigated in further studies.
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17
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Ghaznawi R, Vonk JM, Zwartbol MH, Bresser JD, Rissanen I, Hendrikse J, Geerlings MI. Low-grade carotid artery stenosis is associated with progression of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. The SMART-MR study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:309-318. [PMID: 36250500 PMCID: PMC9903227 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221133859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Asymptomatic low-grade carotid artery stenosis (LGCS) is a common finding in patients with manifest arterial disease, however its relationship with brain MRI changes and cognitive decline is unclear. We included 902 patients (58 ± 10 years; 81% male) enrolled in the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease - Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study without a history of cerebrovascular disease. LGCS was defined as 1-49% stenosis on baseline carotid ultrasound, whereas no LGCS (reference category) was defined as absence of carotid plaque. Brain and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and cognitive function were measured at baseline and after 4 (n = 480) and 12 years (n = 222) of follow-up. Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated associations of LGCS with progression of brain atrophy, WMH, and cognitive decline. LGCS was associated with greater progression of global brain atrophy (estimate -0.03; 95%CI, -0.06 to -0.01; p = 0.002), and a greater decline in executive functioning (estimate -0.02; 95%CI, -0.031 to -0.01; p < 0.001) and memory (estimate -0.012; 95%CI, -0.02 to -0.001; p = 0.032), independent of demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and incident brain infarcts on MRI. No association was observed between LGCS and progression of WMH. Our results indicate that LGCS may represent an early marker of greater future brain atrophy and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ghaznawi
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Mj Vonk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Ht Zwartbol
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ina Rissanen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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- Listed in the Acknowledgements
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18
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Pour-Rashidi A, Namvar M, Iranmehr A, Carpaneto A, Hanaei S, Rezaei N. Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:673-687. [PMID: 37452958 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are mainly diagnosed by physical symptoms such as paralysis, visual field defect, seizure, and loss of consciousness. The psychological and psychiatric background of CNS tumors, whether in preoperative or postoperative period, has long been a neglected topic; however, lately, many authors and researchers have paid more attention to these manifestations. Neurocognition is a subset of parameters, including attention, memory, mood, emotions, language production, personality, executive function, problem-solving, calculation, and spatial cognition, making up the patient's cognitive performance. Also, it is worthy to say that neurocognition is considered a parameter of quality of life (QoL). Currently, we know that neurocognitive disorders are a group of symptoms presenting by the patients. These symptoms may be the first picture of CNS lesions, which result in incorrect treatment, a higher financial burden on the patient and health system, and finally, poorer QoL and performance scale if they are not diagnosed early. Psychological and psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and phobia following the CNS tumors have two aspects. These may present before any treatment resulting from the tumoral mass effect, peritumoral edema, or cerebral tissue disruption due to the space-occupying lesion. On the other hand, we can see these features after a kind of therapy such as surgery, medical therapy, or adjuvant therapy. Sometimes, the CNS tumors lead to psychosocial complications postoperatively. Indeed, considering tumor surgery complications, some patients may find various degrees of deficits that make the patient isolated either socially or professionally. Obviously, the improvement rate and outcome of this specific situation depend on the mechanism of occurrence and its causes. For instance, postoperative symptom relief would be expected when the symptoms are related to the tumoral mass effect. Getting familiar with this constellation of the symptoms, realizing them, and then localizing them to the correct area of the CNS are very crucial. Accordingly, because of their importance in QoL, their influence on patient's survival even more than the extent of resection of the tumor, and somehow their ignorance, we will discuss different neurocognitive manifestations related to CNS tumors in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pour-Rashidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Namvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arad Iranmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Allegra Carpaneto
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Carthery-Goulart MT, Privitera AJ, Weekes BS. Does Language Distance Modulate the Contribution of Bilingualism to Cognitive Reserve in Seniors? A Systematic Review. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231167223. [PMID: 37186676 PMCID: PMC10623985 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231167223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic review and exploratory meta-regression investigating the hypothesis that the effects of bilingualism on cognitive reserve are modulated by the distance between the pair of languages a bilingual uses. An inclusive multiple database search was performed in order to identify all relevant published research conducted in bilingual seniors. A combination of qualitative and quantitative synthesis methods were used in order to investigate our research questions. Results suggest that healthy bilingual seniors speaking more distant language pairs show improved monitoring performance on cognitive tasks. Evidence regarding a modulatory influence of language distance (LD) on the age of dementia diagnosis was inconclusive due to the small number of published studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We recommend more detailed reporting of individual differences in bilingual experience to assess the impact of LD and other variables on typical cognitive aging and the development of dementia. Linguistic differences in samples should also be considered as a constraint on bilingual advantages in future studies. Preregistration: PROSPERO CRD42021238705; OSF DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/VPRBU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Carthery-Goulart
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adam John Privitera
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Brendan Stuart Weekes
- Faculty of Education, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIA, Australia
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Schumacher R, Halai AD, Lambon Ralph MA. Attention to attention in aphasia - elucidating impairment patterns, modality differences and neural correlates. Neuropsychologia 2022; 177:108413. [PMID: 36336090 PMCID: PMC7614452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that patients with aphasia following a left-hemisphere stroke often have difficulties in other cognitive domains. One of these domains is attention, the very fundamental ability to detect, select, and react to the abundance of stimuli present in the environment. Basic and more complex attentional functions are usually distinguished, and a variety of tests has been developed to assess attentional performance at a behavioural level. Attentional performance in aphasia has been investigated previously, but often only one specific task, stimulus modality, or type of measure was considered and usually only group-level analyses or data based on experimental tasks were presented. Also, information on brain-behaviour relationships for this cognitive domain and patient group is scarce. We report detailed analyses on a comprehensive dataset including patients' performance on various subtests of two well-known, standardised neuropsychological test batteries assessing attention. These tasks allowed us to explore: 1) how many patients show impaired performance in comparison to normative data, in which tasks and on what measure; 2) how the different tasks and measures relate to each other and to patients' language abilities; 3) the neural correlates associated with attentional performance. Up to 32 patients with varying aphasia severity were assessed with subtests from the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) as well as the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA). Performance was compared to normative data, relationships between attention measures and other background data were explored with principal component analyses and correlations, and brain-behaviour relationships were assessed by means of voxel-based correlational methodology. Depending on the task and measure, between 3 and 53 percent of the patients showed impaired performance compared to normative data. The highest proportion of impaired performance was noted for complex attention tasks involving auditory stimuli. Patients differed in their patterns of performance and only the performance in the divided attention tests was (weakly) associated with their overall language impairment. Principal components analyses yielded four underlying factors, each being associated with distinct neural correlates. We thus extend previous research in characterizing different aspects of attentional performance within one sample of patients with chronic post stroke aphasia. Performance on a broad range of attention tasks and measures was variable and largely independent of patients' language abilities, which underlines the importance of assessing this cognitive domain in aphasic patients. Notably, a considerable proportion of patients showed difficulties with attention allocation to auditory stimuli. The reasons for these potentially modality-specific difficulties are currently not well understood and warrant additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Schumacher
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ajay D Halai
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Lambon Ralph
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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21
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Peers PV, Punton SF, Murphy FC, Watson P, Bateman A, Duncan J, Astle DE, Hampshire A, Manly T. A randomized control trial of the effects of home-based online attention training and working memory training on cognition and everyday function in a community stroke sample. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 32:2603-2627. [PMID: 34505555 PMCID: PMC7615301 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1972817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive difficulties are common following stroke and can have widespread impacts on everyday functioning. Technological advances offer the possibility of individualized cognitive training for patients at home, potentially providing a low-cost, low-intensity adjunct to rehabilitation services. Using this approach, we have previously demonstrated post-training improvements in attention and everyday functioning in fronto-parietal stroke patients. Here we examine whether these benefits are observed more broadly in a community stroke sample. Eighty patients were randomized to either 4 weeks of online adaptive attention training (SAT), working memory training (WMT) or waitlist (WL). Cognitive and everyday function measures were collected before and after the intervention, and after 3 months. During training, weekly measures of patients' subjective functioning were collected. The training was well received and compliance good. No differences in our primary end-point, spatial bias, or other cognitive functions were observed. However, on patient-reported outcomes, SAT participants showed greater levels of improvement in everyday functioning than WMT or WL participants. In line with our previous work, everyday functioning improvements were greatest for patients with spatial impairments and those who received SAT training. Whether attention training can be recommended for stroke survivors depends on whether cognitive test performance or everyday functioning is considered more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly V. Peers
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah F. Punton
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fionnuala C. Murphy
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Watson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Oliver Zangwill Centre, Cambridge Community Services NHS Trust, Ely, UK
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - John Duncan
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan E. Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Manly
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Gourlay C, Collin P, D'Auteuil C, Jacques M, Caron PO, Scherzer PB. Age differences in social-cognitive abilities across the stages of adulthood and path model investigation of adult social cognition. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:1033-1067. [PMID: 34355998 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.1962789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points toward an association between older age and performance decrements in social cognition (SC). We explored age-related variations in four components of SC: emotion recognition, theory of mind, social judgment, and blame attributions. A total of 120 adults divided into three stages (18-34 years, 35-59 years, 60-85 years) completed a battery of SC. Between and within age-group differences in SC were investigated. Path analyses were used to identify relationships among the components. Emotion recognition and theory of mind showed differences beginning either in midlife, or after. Blame attributions and social judgment did not show a significant difference. However, social judgment varied significantly within groups. Path models revealed a relationship between emotion recognition and theory of mind. Findings highlight age-related differences in some components and a link between two components. Strategies promoting social functioning in aging might help to maintain or improve these abilities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gourlay
- Département De Psychologie, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascal Collin
- Département De Psychologie, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille D'Auteuil
- Département De Psychologie, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Jacques
- Département De Psychologie, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Peter B Scherzer
- Département De Psychologie, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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23
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Fronto-parietal alpha ERD and visuo-spatial attention in pregnant women. Brain Res 2022; 1798:148130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Avirame K, Gshur N, Komemi R, Lipskaya-Velikovsky L. A multimodal approach for the ecological investigation of sustained attention: A pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:971314. [PMID: 36248697 PMCID: PMC9556703 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.971314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural fluctuations in sustained attention can lead to attentional failures in everyday tasks and even dangerous incidences. These fluctuations depend on personal factors, as well as task characteristics. So far, our understanding of sustained attention is partly due to the common usage of laboratory setups and tasks, and the complex interplay between behavior and brain activity. The focus of the current study was thus to test the feasibility of applying a single-channel wireless EEG to monitor patterns of sustained attention during a set of ecological tasks. An EEG marker of attention (BEI—Brain Engagement Index) was continuously recorded from 42 healthy volunteers during auditory and visual tasks from the Test of Everyday Attention (TEA) and Trail Making Test (TMT). We found a descending pattern of both performance and BEI in the auditory tasks as task complexity increases, while the increase in performance and decrease in BEI on the visual task. In addition, patterns of BEI in the complex tasks were used to detect outliers and the optimal range of attention through exploratory models. The current study supports the feasibility of combined electrophysiological and neurocognitive investigation of sustained attention in ecological tasks yielding unique insights on patterns of sustained attention as a function of task modality and task complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Avirame
- Psychiatric Division, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Noga Gshur
- Independent Researcher, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Reut Komemi
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Lipskaya-Velikovsky
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Lena Lipskaya-Velikovsky,
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25
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Qin Z, Jin R, Zhang C. The Effects of Training Variability and Pitch Aptitude on the Overnight Consolidation of Lexical Tones. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:3377-3391. [PMID: 36018578 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although variability of training materials has the potential to benefit the learning of lexical tones, the benefit is contingent on an individual's pitch aptitude. Previous studies did not segregate immediate learning and consolidation after an overnight interval, and little is known about how pitch aptitude differences affect consolidation. This study examined whether pitch aptitude predicts overnight consolidation of Cantonese level tones through high-variability (HV) and low-variability (LV) training. METHOD Two groups of Mandarin-speaking participants were first assessed in terms of pitch threshold and tone discrimination, which tapped into different aspects of pitch aptitude. They then received Cantonese level tone identification training in either an HV or an LV condition. The participants were trained in the evening, were tested after training, and returned after 24 hr for overnight consolidation assessment. RESULTS The results indicate that pitch aptitude, measured through pitch threshold, may have predicted overnight consolidation and training progress of the HV group but not those of the LV group. In the HV group, compared with high-aptitude learners, low-aptitude learners benefited temporarily from training variability but did not consolidate the tonal knowledge as much as their high-aptitude counterparts did after 24 hr. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that individual learners had difficulty learning nonnative tones by virtue of memory consolidation. Higher pitch aptitude ability (pitch threshold) may provide protection against the decay of learned tones and facilitate tone consolidation. The findings imply that the early emergence of tonal representation is a dynamic process among individuals of nonnative speakers who are exposed to training variability. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20539998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qin
- Division of Humanities, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon
| | - Rui Jin
- Division of Humanities, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom
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26
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Alnawmasi MM, Khuu SK. Deficits in multiple object-tracking and visual attention following mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13727. [PMID: 35962018 PMCID: PMC9374772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulty in the ability to allocate and maintain visual attention is frequently reported by patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the present study, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task to investigate the degree to which TBI affects the allocation and maintenance of visual attention to multiple moving targets. Fifteen adults with mild TBI and 20 control participants took part in this study. All participants were matched for age, gender, and IQ. The sensitivity and time taken to perform the MOT task were measured for different conditions in which the duration of the tracking, number of target, and distractor dots were systematically varied. When the number of target dots required to be tracked increased, sensitivity in correctly detecting them decreased for both groups but was significantly greater for patients with mild TBI. Similarly, increasing the number of distractor dots had a greater effect on reducing task sensitivity for patients with mild TBI than control participants. Finally, across all conditions, poorer detection performance was observed for patients with mild TBI when the tracking duration was longer compared to control participants. The present study showed that patients with mild TBI have greater deficits (compared to control participants) in their ability to maintain visual attention on tracking multiple moving objects, which was particularly hindered by increased tracking load and distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alnawmasi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,College of Applied Medical Science, Department of Optometry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sieu K Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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27
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Zwartbol MH, Ghaznawi R, Jaarsma-Coes M, Kuijf H, Hendrikse J, de Bresser J, Geerlings MI. White Matter Hyperintensity Shape is associated with Cognitive Functioning – the SMART-MR study. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:81-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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28
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Riglin L, Wootton RE, Livingston LA, Agnew-Blais J, Arseneault L, Blakey R, Agha SS, Langley K, Collishaw S, O’Donovan MC, Smith GD, Stergiakouli E, Tilling K, Thapar A. "Late-onset" ADHD symptoms in young adulthood: Is this ADHD? J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1271-1282. [PMID: 35034501 PMCID: PMC7612898 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211066486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated whether "late-onset" ADHD that emerges in adolescence/adulthood is similar in risk factor profile to: (1) child-onset ADHD, but emerges later because of scaffolding/compensation from childhood resources; and (2) depression, because it typically onsets in adolescence/adulthood and shows symptom and genetic overlaps with ADHD. Methods: We examined associations between late-onset ADHD and ADHD risk factors, cognitive tasks, childhood resources and depression risk factors in a population-based cohort followed-up to age 25 years (N=4224-9764). Results: Parent-rated late-onset ADHD was like child-onset persistent ADHD in associations with ADHD polygenic risk scores and cognitive task performance, although self-rated late-onset ADHD was not. Late-onset ADHD was associated with higher levels of childhood resources than child-onset ADHD and did not show strong evidence of association with depression risk factors. Conclusions: Late-onset ADHD shares characteristics with child-onset ADHD when parent-rated, but differences for self-reports require investigation. Childhood resources may delay the onset of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy A Livingston
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Jessica Agnew-Blais
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, UK
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Rachel Blakey
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sharifah Shameem Agha
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK,Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Wales, UK
| | - Kate Langley
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK,School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Michael C O’Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Evie Stergiakouli
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, UK,Corresponding author. Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ. Tel: +442920 688325.
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Hoang K, Watt H, Golemme M, Perry RJ, Ritchie C, Wilson D, Pickett J, Fox C, Howard R, Malhotra PA. Noradrenergic Add-on Therapy with Extended-Release Guanfacine in Alzheimer's Disease (NorAD): study protocol for a randomised clinical trial and COVID-19 amendments. Trials 2022; 23:623. [PMID: 35915506 PMCID: PMC9340683 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanfacine is a α2A adrenergic receptor agonist approved for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is thought to act via postsynaptic receptors in the prefrontal cortex, modulating executive functions including the regulation of attention. Attention is affected early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this may relate to pathological changes within the locus coeruleus, the main source of noradrenergic pathways within the brain. Given that cholinergic pathways, also involved in attention, are disrupted in AD, the combination of noradrenergic and cholinergic treatments may have a synergistic effect on symptomatic AD. The primary objective of the NorAD trial is to evaluate the change in cognition with 12 weeks of treatment of extended-release guanfacine (GXR) against a placebo as a combination therapy with cholinesterase inhibitors in participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. METHODS/DESIGN NorAD is a 3-month, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of extended-release guanfacine (GXR) in participants with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. A total of 160 participants will be randomised to receive either daily guanfacine or placebo in combination with approved cholinesterase treatment for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in cognition, as measured by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), from baseline to follow-up in the treatment group compared to the placebo group. Secondary outcomes include the change in additional cognitive measures of attention (Tests of Attention: Trails A and B, digit-symbol substitution, Test of Everyday Attention and CANTAB-RVP), neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory), caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview) and activities of daily living (Alzheimer's Disease Co-operative Study - Activities of Daily Living Inventory). From July 2020, observation of change following cessation of treatment is also being assessed. DISCUSSION There is strong evidence for early noradrenergic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The NorAD trial aims to determine whether guanfacine, a noradrenergic alpha-2 agonist, improves attention and cognition when used in addition to standard cholinergic treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03116126 . Registered on 14 April 2017 EudraCT: 2016-002598-36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hoang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Hilary Watt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mara Golemme
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
| | - Richard J Perry
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention and Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Wilson
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
| | - James Pickett
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Fox
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Paresh A Malhotra
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
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30
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Diedrichs VA, Jewell C, Harnish SM. A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NONLINGUISTIC COGNITIVE FACTORS AND APHASIA TREATMENT RESPONSE. TOPICS IN LANGUAGE DISORDERS 2022; 42:212-235. [PMID: 36338795 PMCID: PMC9629776 DOI: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to explore the extent to which nonlinguistic cognitive factors demonstrate a relationship with aphasia treatment outcomes. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to broadly characterize the state of the literature related to this topic.
Methods:
Reporting guidelines from the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews were used to conduct our study, which queried two common databases used in the health science literature, PubMed and Web of Science. Search terms and eligibility criteria are provided. Results are organized by the four nonlinguistic domains of cognition explored across the included studies (i.e., attention, memory, executive functioning, and visuospatial skills).
Results:
Of 949 unique articles identified from our database searches, 17 articles with 18 distinct studies were included in the final scoping review. Notably, most studies included in the scoping review targeted impairment-based aphasia treatments. Most studies also examined multiple domains of nonlinguistic cognition. A relationship between cognition and poststroke aphasia therapy outcomes was identified in nine of 15 studies addressing executive functioning, four of nine studies examining memory, four of eight studies examining visuospatial skills, and two of five studies exploring attention.
Discussion:
The results among included studies were mixed, with few discernible patterns within each of the four cognitive domains, though it appears that the influence of nonlinguistic cognition may depend on the timing (i.e., immediate vs. delayed post-treatment) and type (i.e., trained vs. untrained, generalized) of aphasia therapy outcomes. Future study designs should address maintenance, by including outcome measures at follow-up, and generalization, by including measures of performance on either untrained stimuli or trained stimuli in untrained contexts. Future work should also strive for larger sample sizes, perhaps through collaborations, or prioritize replicability to produce more reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney Jewell
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University
| | - Stacy M Harnish
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University
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31
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Prouskas SE, Schoonheim MM, Huiskamp M, Steenwijk MD, Gehring K, Barkhof F, de Jong BA, Sitskoorn MM, Geurts JJG, Hulst HE. A randomized trial predicting response to cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: Is there a window of opportunity? Mult Scler 2022; 28:2124-2136. [PMID: 35765748 PMCID: PMC9574229 DOI: 10.1177/13524585221103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training elicits mild-to-moderate improvements in cognitive functioning in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), although response heterogeneity limits overall effectiveness. Objective: To identify patient characteristics associated with response and non-response to cognitive training. Methods: Eighty-two PwMS were randomized into a 7-week attention training (n = 58, age = 48.4 ± 10.2 years) or a waiting-list control group (n = 24, age = 48.5 ± 9.4 years). Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained at baseline and post-intervention. Twenty-one healthy controls (HCs, age = 50.27 ± 10.15 years) were included at baseline. Responders were defined with a reliable change index of 1.64 on at least 2/6 cognitive domains. General linear models and logistic regression were applied. Results: Responders (n = 36) and non-responders (n = 22) did not differ on demographics, clinical variables and baseline cognition and structural MRI. However, non-responders exhibited a higher baseline functional connectivity (FC) between the default-mode network (DMN) and the ventral attention network (VAN), compared with responders (p = 0.018) and HCs (p = 0.001). Conversely, responders exhibited no significant baseline differences in FC compared with HCs. Response to cognitive training was predicted by lower DMN-VAN FC (p = 0.004) and DMN-frontoparietal FC (p = 0.029) (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.25). Conclusion: An intact pre-intervention FC is associated with cognitive training responsivity in pwMS, suggesting a window of opportunity for successful cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos E Prouskas
- SE Prouskas Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Location VUmc, O2 building, 13W01, PO Box 7700, 1000 SN Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ; Twitter handle:@StefProuskas
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Huiskamp
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn D Steenwijk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Gehring
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands/Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands/Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - Brigit A de Jong
- Department of Neurology, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet M Sitskoorn
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen JG Geurts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke E Hulst
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, MS Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Alnawmasi MM, Mani R, Khuu SK. Changes in the components of visual attention following traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268951. [PMID: 35679230 PMCID: PMC9182329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on visual attention and whether different components and processes of visual attention (such as selective, sustained, divided, and covert orientation of visual attention) are affected following brain injury. Methods A literature search between January 1980 to May 2021 was conducted using Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was undertaken for studies that assessed visual attention using different tasks that target specific or multiple components of visual attention. Three hundred twenty-nine potentially relevant articles were identified, and 20 studies met our inclusion criteria. Results A total of 123 effect sizes (ES) were estimated from 20 studies that included 519 patients with TBI and 530 normal participants. The overall combined ES was statistically significant and large (ES = 0.92), but with high heterogeneity (Q = 614.83, p < 0.0001, I2 = 80.32%). Subgroup analysis showed that the impact of TBI severity, with the ES for moderate-severe TBI significantly higher than mild TBI (t (112) = 3.11, p = 0.002). Additionally, the component of visual attention was differentially affected by TBI (F (2, 120) = 10.25, p<0.0001); the ES for selective attention (ES = 1.13) and covert orientation of visual attention (ES = 1.14) were large, whilst for sustained attention, the ES was medium at 0.43. A subgroup analysis comparing outcome measures showed that reaction time (ES = 1.12) was significantly more affected compared to performance accuracy (ES = 0.43), F (1, 96) = 25.98, p<0.0001). Conclusion Large and significant deficits in visual attention was found following TBI which can last for years after the initial injury. However, different components of visual attention were not affected to the same extent, with selective visual attention and orientation of visual attention most affected following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alnawmasi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Revathy Mani
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sieu K. Khuu
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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33
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Wong WSW, Law SP. Relationship Between Cognitive Functions and Multilevel Language Processing: Data From Chinese Speakers With Aphasia and Implications. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:1128-1144. [PMID: 35148489 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the relationship between nonverbal cognitive functions and language processing of people with aphasia (PWA) by taking a data-driven approach, as well as multiple cognitive components and multilevel linguistic perspectives. It is hypothesized that language performance is differentially associated with cognitive processing of PWA, with executive functions (EFs) playing a stronger role in language tasks with increasing linguistic complexity. METHOD A language battery assessing word comprehension/production, sentence comprehension, and discourse production, together with a series of nonlinguistic cognitive tasks targeting simple/complex attention, short-term/working memory, or EFs, was administered to 53 Cantonese-speaking PWA. Cognitive factors extracted from principal component analysis applied to the cognitive battery served as predictors in four multiple regression analyses to predict PWA's performance at various linguistic levels. RESULTS Two cognitive factors, representing (a) simple attention and memory and (b) EF, were extracted. The former predicted performance in word processing tasks, whereas EF significantly predicted performance in all language tasks with increasing contribution as a function of linguistic complexity. CONCLUSION The results based on Chinese PWA provide comprehensive evidence for the view that language performance is the end product of interaction between linguistic and nonlinguistic functions and have clear implications for clinical management of PWA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sam Po Law
- Faculty of Education, The Unversity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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Foley P, Kong Y, Dirvanskiene R, Valdes-Hernandez M, Bastiani M, Murnane J, Sellar R, Roberts N, Pernet C, Weir C, Bak T, Colvin L, Chandran S, Fallon M, Tracey I. Coupling cognitive and brainstem dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-related chronic neuropathic limb pain. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac124. [PMID: 35663383 PMCID: PMC9155950 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain in multiple sclerosis is common and difficult to treat. Its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system is known to contribute to human chronic pain conditions. However, it is not clear how alterations in executive function influence this network, despite healthy volunteer studies linking function of the descending pain modulatory system, to cognition. In adults with multiple sclerosis-associated chronic neuropathic limb pain, compared to those without pain, we hypothesized altered functional connectivity of the descending pain modulatory system, coupled to executive dysfunction. Specifically we hypothesized reduced mental flexibility, because of potential importance in stimulus reappraisal. To investigate these hypotheses, we conducted a case-control cross-sectional study of 47 adults with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (31 with chronic neuropathic limb pain, 16 without pain), employing clinical, neuropsychological, structural, and functional MRI measures. We measured brain lesions and atrophy affecting descending pain modulatory system structures. Both cognitive and affective dysfunctions were confirmed in the chronic neuropathic limb pain group, including reduced mental flexibility (Delis Kaplan Executive Function System card sorting tests P < 0.001). Functional connectivity of rostral anterior cingulate and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, key structures of the descending pain modulatory system, was significantly lower in the group experiencing chronic neuropathic pain. There was no significant between-group difference in whole-brain grey matter or lesion volumes, nor lesion volume affecting white matter tracts between rostral anterior cingulate and periaqueductal gray. Brainstem-specific lesion volume was higher in the chronic neuropathic limb pain group (P = 0.0017). Differential functional connectivity remained after correction for brainstem-specific lesion volume. Gabapentinoid medications were more frequently used in the chronic pain group. We describe executive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis affected by chronic neuropathic pain, along with functional and structural MRI evidence compatible with dysfunction of the descending pain modulatory system. These findings extend understanding of close inter-relationships between cognition, function of the descending pain modulatory system, and chronic pain, both in multiple sclerosis and more generally in human chronic pain conditions. These findings could support application of pharmacological and cognitive interventions in chronic neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Foley
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioural Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ramune Dirvanskiene
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Maria Valdes-Hernandez
- Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Murnane
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Sellar
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil Roberts
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cyril Pernet
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Bak
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lesley Colvin
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK.,Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Fallon
- Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Irene Tracey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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35
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Becker AM, Baltazar M. Behavior analysis and aphasia: A current appraisal and suggestions for the future. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- April M. Becker
- Department of Behavior Analysis University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Texas USA
| | - Marla Baltazar
- Department of Behavior Analysis University of North Texas Denton Texas USA
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36
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Beatty-Martínez AL, Guzzardo Tamargo RE, Dussias PE. Phasic pupillary responses reveal differential engagement of attentional control in bilingual spoken language processing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23474. [PMID: 34873258 PMCID: PMC8648769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Language processing is cognitively demanding, requiring attentional resources to efficiently select and extract linguistic information as utterances unfold. Previous research has associated changes in pupil size with increased attentional effort. However, it is unknown whether the behavioral ecology of speakers may differentially affect engagement of attentional resources involved in conversation. For bilinguals, such an act potentially involves competing signals in more than one language and how this competition arises may differ across communicative contexts. We examined changes in pupil size during the comprehension of unilingual and codeswitched speech in a richly-characterized bilingual sample. In a visual-world task, participants saw pairs of objects as they heard instructions to select a target image. Instructions were either unilingual or codeswitched from one language to the other. We found that only bilinguals who use each of their languages in separate communicative contexts and who have high attention ability, show differential attention to unilingual and codeswitched speech. Bilinguals for whom codeswitching is common practice process unilingual and codeswitched speech similarly, regardless of attentional skill. Taken together, these results suggest that bilinguals recruit different language control strategies for distinct communicative purposes. The interactional context of language use critically determines attentional control engagement during language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa E Guzzardo Tamargo
- Department of Hispanic Studies, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - Paola E Dussias
- Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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37
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Zwartbol MHT, Rissanen I, Ghaznawi R, de Bresser J, Kuijf HJ, Blom K, Witkamp TD, Koek HL, Biessels GJ, Hendrikse J, Geerlings MI. Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 7T MRI: Risk factors, neuroimaging correlates and cognitive functioning - The Medea-7T study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3127-3138. [PMID: 34187229 PMCID: PMC8543666 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211025447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We determined the occurrence and association of cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) at 7 T MRI with risk factors, neuroimaging markers of small and large vessel disease, and cognitive functioning. Within the Medea-7T study, a diverse cohort of older persons with normal cognition, patients with vascular disease, and memory clinic patients, we included 386 participants (68 ± 9 years) with available 7 T and 1.5 T/3T brain MRI, and risk factor and neuropsychological data. CMIs were found in 10% of participants and were associated with older age (RR = 1.79 per +10 years, 95%CI 1.28-2.50), history of stroke or TIA (RR = 4.03, 95%CI 2.18-7.43), cortical infarcts (RR = 5.28, 95%CI 2.91-9.55), lacunes (RR = 5.66, 95%CI 2.85-11.27), cerebellar infarcts (RR = 2.73, 95%CI 1.27-5.84) and decreased cerebral blood flow (RR = 1.35 per -100 ml/min, 95%CI 1.00-1.83), after adjustment for age and sex. Furthermore, participants with >2 CMIs had 0.5 SD (95%CI 0.05-0.91) lower global cognitive performance, compared to participants without CMIs. Our results indicate that CMIs on 7 T MRI are observed in vascular and memory clinic patients with similar frequency, and are associated with older age, history of stroke or TIA, other brain infarcts, and poorer global cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten HT Zwartbol
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ina Rissanen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rashid Ghaznawi
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Bresser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo J Kuijf
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Blom
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo D Witkamp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Huiberdina L Koek
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam I Geerlings
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Saunderson SP, Nejat G. Persuasive robots should avoid authority: The effects of formal and real authority on persuasion in human-robot interaction. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabd5186. [PMID: 34550717 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abd5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Social robots must take on many roles when interacting with people in everyday settings, some of which may be authoritative, such as a nurse, teacher, or guard. It is important to investigate whether and how authoritative robots can influence people in applications ranging from health care and education to security and in the home. Here, we present a human-robot interaction study that directly investigates the effect of a robot’s peer or authority role (formal authority) and control of monetary rewards and penalties (real authority) on its persuasive influence. The study consisted of a social robot attempting to persuade people to change their answers to the robot’s suggestion in a series of challenging attention and memory tasks. Our results show that the robot in a peer role was more persuasive than when in an authority role, contrary to expectations from human-human interactions. The robot was also more persuasive when it offered rewards over penalties, suggesting that participants perceived the robot’s suggestions as a less risky option than their own estimates, in line with prospect theory. In general, the results show an aversion to the persuasive influence of authoritative robots, potentially due to the robot’s legitimacy as an authority figure, its behavior being perceived as dominant, or participant feelings of threatened autonomy. This paper explores the importance of persuasion for robots in different social roles while providing critical insight into the perception of robots in these roles, people’s behavior around these robots, and the development of human-robot relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Saunderson
- Autonomous Systems and Biomechatronics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Goldie Nejat
- Autonomous Systems and Biomechatronics Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
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Zygouris S, Iliadou P, Lazarou E, Giakoumis D, Votis K, Alexiadis A, Triantafyllidis A, Segkouli S, Tzovaras D, Tsiatsos T, Papagianopoulos S, Tsolaki M. Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment in an At-Risk Group of Older Adults: Can a Novel Self-Administered Serious Game-Based Screening Test Improve Diagnostic Accuracy? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:405-412. [PMID: 32986676 PMCID: PMC7683046 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature supports the use of serious games and virtual environments to assess cognitive functions and detect cognitive decline. This promising assessment method, however, has not yet been translated into self-administered screening instruments for pre-clinical dementia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a novel self-administered serious game-based test, namely the Virtual Supermarket Test (VST), in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a sample of older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC), in comparison with two well-established screening instruments, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). METHODS Two groups, one of healthy older adults with SMC (N = 48) and one of MCI patients (N = 47) were recruited from day centers for cognitive disorders and administered the VST, the MoCA, the MMSE, and an extended pencil and paper neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS The VST displayed a correct classification rate (CCR) of 81.91% when differentiating between MCI patients and older adults with SMC, while the MoCA displayed of CCR of 72.04% and the MMSE displayed a CCR of 64.89%. CONCLUSION The three instruments assessed in this study displayed significantly different performances in differentiating between healthy older adults with SMC and MCI patients. The VST displayed a good CCR, while the MoCA displayed an average CCR and the MMSE displayed a poor CCR. The VST appears to be a robust tool for detecting MCI in a population of older adults with SMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Zygouris
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Iliadou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoumis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Votis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Alexiadis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Triantafyllidis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Segkouli
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
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40
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Lee SM, Mitchell R, Knight JA, Mazzulli T, Relton C, Khodayari Moez E, Hung RJ. Early-childhood cytomegalovirus infection and children's neurocognitive development. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:538-549. [PMID: 33306803 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a clear association seen in congenitally infected children, the effect of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during early childhood on cognitive development has not yet been determined. METHODS CMV-infection status was obtained based on serological measurements when children were 7 years old. Using population-based longitudinal data, we employed multivariate Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator to characterize the relationship between childhood CMV infection and adverse neurocognitive outcomes in children. Suboptimal neurocognitive outcomes were compared between CMV-positive and CMV-negative children using various cognitive assessments from 8 to 15 years of age. Children were evaluated on the cognitive domains of language, reading, memory and general intelligence, with a suboptimal score being >2 standard deviations lower than the mean score. Approximate Bayes factor (ABF) analysis was used to determine the level of evidence for the observed associations. RESULTS With adjustment for potential confounders, we observed that early-childhood CMV infection was associated with suboptimal total intelligence quotient (IQ) at 8 years of age [incidence-rate ratio (IRR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-4.62, ABF = 0.08], but not with suboptimal total IQ at 15 years of age (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.43-2.19, ABF = 1.68). Suboptimal attentional control at 8 years (IRR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.13-2.68, ABF = 0.18) and reading comprehension at 9 years (IRR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.12-3.33, ABF = 0.24) were also associated with CMV infection. ABF analysis provided strong evidence for the association between CMV infection and total IQ at 8 years, and only anecdotal evidence for attentional control at 8 years and reading comprehension at 9 years. All other cognitive measures assessed were not associated with CMV infection. CONCLUSION In this large-scale prospective cohort, we observed some evidence for adverse neurocognitive effects of postnatal CMV infection on general intelligence during early childhood, although not with lasting effect. If confirmed, these results could support the implementation of preventative measures to combat postnatal CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Lee
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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41
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Eaves J, Gilmore C, Attridge N. Conceptual knowledge of the associativity principle: A review of the literature and an agenda for future research. Trends Neurosci Educ 2021; 23:100152. [PMID: 34006361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2021.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals use diverse strategies to solve mathematical problems, which can reflect their knowledge of arithmetic principles and predict mathematical expertise. For example, '6 + 38 - 35' can be solved via '38 - 35 = 3' and then '3 + 6 = 9', which is a shortcut-strategy derived from the associativity principle. The shortcut may be critical for understanding algebra, however approximately 50% of adults fail to use it. We review the research to consider why the associativity principle is challenging and highlight an important distinction between shortcut identification and execution. We also discuss how domain-specific skills and domain-general skills might play an important role in shortcut identification and execution, and provide an agenda for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Eaves
- University of Nottingham: University Park Campus, Psychology, Pharmacy, Life Sciences, East Drive, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Camilla Gilmore
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Attridge
- Department of Psychology, Portsmouth University, PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
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42
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Barker MS, Knight JL, Dean RJ, Mandelstam S, Richards LJ, Robinson GA. Verbal Adynamia and Conceptualization in Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis and Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:38-52. [PMID: 33652468 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Verbal adynamia is characterized by markedly reduced spontaneous speech that is not attributable to a core language deficit such as impaired naming, reading, repetition, or comprehension. In some cases, verbal adynamia is severe enough to be considered dynamic aphasia. We report the case of a 40-year-old, left-handed, male native English speaker who presented with partial rhombencephalosynapsis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and a language profile that is consistent with verbal adynamia, or subclinical dynamic aphasia, possibly underpinned by difficulties selecting and generating ideas for expression. This case is only the second investigation of dynamic aphasia in an individual with a congenital brain malformation. It is also the first detailed neuropsychological report of an adult with partial rhombencephalosynapsis and corpus callosum dysgenesis, and the only known case of superior intellectual abilities in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Barker
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jacquelyn L Knight
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simone Mandelstam
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Iliadou P, Paliokas I, Zygouris S, Lazarou E, Votis K, Tzovaras D, Tsolaki M. A Comparison of Traditional and Serious Game-Based Digital Markers of Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1747-1759. [PMID: 33459650 PMCID: PMC7990420 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to assess brain activity while users are playing an immersive serious game. Objective: To assess differences in brain activation as measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device, differences in game performance and correlations between EEG power, game performance and global cognition, between cognitively impaired and non-impaired older adults, during the administration of a novel self-administered serious game-based test, the Virtual Supermarket Test (VST). Methods: 43 older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 33 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were recruited from day centers for cognitive disorders. Global cognition was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Brain activity was measured with a non-intrusive wearable EEG device in a resting state condition and while they were administered the VST. Results: During resting state condition, the MCI group showed increased alpha, beta, delta, and theta band power compared to the SCD group. During the administration of the VST, the MCI group showed increased beta and theta band power compared to the SCD group. Regarding game performance, alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms were positively correlated with average duration, while delta rhythm was positively correlated with mean errors. MoCA correlated with alpha, beta, delta, and theta rhythms and with average game duration and mean game errors indicating that elevated EEG rhythms in MCI may be associated with an overall cognitive decline. Conclusion: VST performance can be used as a digital biomarker. Cheap commercially available wearable EEG devices can be used for obtaining brain activity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Paliokas
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stelios Zygouris
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Eftychia Lazarou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Votis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas/ Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Dual Tasking Influences Cough Reflex Outcomes in Adults with Parkinson's Disease: A Controlled Study. Dysphagia 2021; 36:959-973. [PMID: 33387000 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-020-10223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Coughing is an essential airway protective reflex. In healthy young adults, cough somatosensation changes when attention is divided (dual tasking). Whether the same is true in populations at risk of aspiration remains unknown. We present findings from a controlled study testing the effects of divided attention (via a dual-task paradigm) on measures of reflex cough in Parkinson's disease. Volunteers with Parkinson's disease (n = 14, age = 43-79 years) and 14 age-matched controls underwent five blocks of capsaicin-induced cough challenges. Within each block, capsaicin ranging from 0 to 200 μM was presented in a randomized order. Two blocks consisted of cough testing only (single task), and two blocks consisted of cough testing with simultaneous tone counting (dual task). Finally, participants completed a suppressed cough task. Measures of cough motor response, self-reported urge to cough, cough frequency, and cough airflow were collected. Historical data from healthy young adults was included for comparison. Between-group analyses revealed no differences between single- and dual-cough-task responses. However, post hoc analysis revealed a significant relationship between dual-task errors and cough frequency that was strongest in people with Parkinson's disease [p = 0.004, r2 = 0.52]. Specifically, greater errors were associated with fewer reflexive coughs. Unlike healthy participants, participants with Parkinson's disease did not change the number of coughs between the single-, dual-, and suppressed-task conditions [p > 0.05]. When distracted, people with Parkinson's disease may prioritize coughing differently than healthy controls. Abnormal cortical resource allocation may be a mechanism involved in aspiration in this population.
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Chou FC, Hsieh KY, Cheng CH, Huang LL, Kao WT, Su CY. Cognitive function and alcohol use disorder: Path analysis for a cross-sectional study in Taiwan. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Nussbaum ES, Mikoff N, Paranjape GS. Cognitive deficits among patients surviving aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A contemporary systematic review. Br J Neurosurg 2020; 35:384-401. [PMID: 33345644 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1859462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high rates of morbidity, including neurological and cognitive deficits that may be difficult to identify and quantify. This review provides an update on the cognitive deficits that may result from spontaneous aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and identifies factors that may help predict and manage these deficits at discharge and thereafter. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies published between 2010 and 2019 that assessed cognitive deficits at discharge and during follow-up in patients with aSAH. Full-text articles were assessed for information regarding cognitive testing and factors that may be associated with functional outcomes in this population. RESULTS We reviewed 65 studies published since 2010 that described the cognitive deficits associated with non-traumatic aSAH. Such deficits may impact functional outcomes, quality of life, and return to work and may result in cognitive impairments, such as memory difficulties, speech problems, and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Patients with aSAH, even those that appear normal at the time of hospital discharge, may harbor cognitive deficits that are difficult to detect, yet can interfere with daily functioning. Further research is needed to provide additional information and to identify stronger correlations to be used in the identification, treatment, and amelioration of long-term cognitive deficits in aSAH patients, including those who are discharged with good clinical outcomes scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Nussbaum
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Brain Aneurysm & Tumor Center, United Hospital, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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Soler J, Lera-Miguel S, Lázaro L, Calvo R, Ferentinos P, Fañanás L, Fatjó-Vilas M. Familial aggregation analysis of cognitive performance in early-onset bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1705-1716. [PMID: 32052174 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the familial aggregation (familiality) of cognitive dimensions and explored their role as liability markers for early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD). The sample comprised 99 subjects from 26 families, each with an offspring diagnosed with EOBD. Four cognitive dimensions were assessed: reasoning skills; attention and working memory; memory; and executive functions. Their familiality was investigated in the total sample and in a subset of healthy relatives. The intra-family resemblance score (IRS), a family-based index of the similarity of cognitive performance among family members, was calculated. Familiality was detected for the attention and working memory (AW) dimension in the total sample (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.0004) and in the subsample of healthy relatives (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.016). The IRS reflected that there are families with similar AW mean scores (either high or low) and families with heterogeneous scores. Families with the most common background for the AW dimension (IRS > 0) were selected and dichotomized in two groups according to the mean family AW score. This allowed differentiating families whose members had similar high scores than those with similar low scores: both patients (t = - 4.82, p = 0.0005) and relatives (t = - 5.04, p < 0.0001) of the two groups differed in their AW scores. AW dimension showed familial aggregation, suggesting its putative role as a familial vulnerability marker for EOBD. The IRS estimation allowed the identification of families with homogeneous scores for this dimension. This represents a first step towards the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of AW dimension and the identification of etiological subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kuo MCC, Fong TY, Fung CW, Pang CT, So LM, Tse KK, Chiu ATS, Yeung K. Computerized attention training for visually impaired older adults with dementia: a case study. Dement Neuropsychol 2020; 14:430-433. [PMID: 33354298 PMCID: PMC7735046 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Dementia causes disorders in multiple higher cortical functions. Visual impairment could further impact cognition in those with dementia. This study reports the results of a computerized attention training program in a patient with dementia and visual impairment. The case involves a 98-year-old woman with bilateral maculopathy and moderate dementia. The program consisted of pre- and post-assessments and training sessions. Assessments included the Cantonese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, the digit span forward test, the Chinese version of the Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT), and the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP). Training sessions were conducted once to twice a week for a total of 8 45-minute sessions. The participant showed a decrease in the CVVLT score and improvements in TAP parameters. The results indicated that, in visually impaired older adults with dementia, attention and processing speed (measured by a sensitive test such as TAP) could potentially be improved with appropriate computerized training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chi To Pang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, China
| | - Lok Man So
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, China
| | - Ka Ki Tse
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, China
| | | | - King Yeung
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, China
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Spreij LA, Visser-Meily JM, Sibbel J, Gosselt IK, Nijboer TC. Feasibility and user-experience of virtual reality in neuropsychological assessment following stroke. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2020; 32:499-519. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1831935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane A. Spreij
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M.A. Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Sibbel
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Isabel K. Gosselt
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tanja C.W. Nijboer
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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de Kerangal M, Vickers D, Chait M. The effect of healthy aging on change detection and sensitivity to predictable structure in crowded acoustic scenes. Hear Res 2020; 399:108074. [PMID: 33041093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The auditory system plays a critical role in supporting our ability to detect abrupt changes in our surroundings. Here we study how this capacity is affected in the course of healthy ageing. Artifical acoustic 'scenes', populated by multiple concurrent streams of pure tones ('sources') were used to capture the challenges of listening in complex acoustic environments. Two scene conditions were included: REG scenes consisted of sources characterized by a regular temporal structure. Matched RAND scenes contained sources which were temporally random. Changes, manifested as the abrupt disappearance of one of the sources, were introduced to a subset of the trials and participants ('young' group N = 41, age 20-38 years; 'older' group N = 41, age 60-82 years) were instructed to monitor the scenes for these events. Previous work demonstrated that young listeners exhibit better change detection performance in REG scenes, reflecting sensitivity to temporal structure. Here we sought to determine: (1) Whether 'baseline' change detection ability (i.e. in RAND scenes) is affected by age. (2) Whether aging affects listeners' sensitivity to temporal regularity. (3) How change detection capacity relates to listeners' hearing and cognitive profile (a battery of tests that capture hearing and cognitive abilities hypothesized to be affected by aging). The results demonstrated that healthy aging is associated with reduced sensitivity to abrupt scene changes in RAND scenes but that performance does not correlate with age or standard audiological measures such as pure tone audiometry or speech in noise performance. Remarkably older listeners' change detection performance improved substantially (up to the level exhibited by young listeners) in REG relative to RAND scenes. This suggests that the ability to extract and track the regularity associated with scene sources, even in crowded acoustic environments, is relatively preserved in older listeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde de Kerangal
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1 X 8EE, UK
| | - Deborah Vickers
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1 X 8EE, UK; Cambridge Hearing Group, Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Chait
- Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1 X 8EE, UK.
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