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Macoir J, Laforce R, Hudon C. The Impact of Lexical-semantic Impairment on Spoken Verb Production in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Cogn Behav Neurol 2024:00146965-990000000-00075. [PMID: 39359049 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although episodic memory is the primary concern in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), other cognitive functions may also be affected, including language. Language impairment in individuals with MCI has been attributed primarily to the breakdown of semantic representations, difficulties in accessing semantic information, and the weakening of executive functions. However, in most prior studies of word processing in individuals with MCI, researchers have used measures focused on noun production. OBJECTIVE To investigate how verb production tasks might aid in detecting cognitive impairment in individuals with MCI. METHODS We compared the performance of 45 individuals with MCI and 45 healthy controls on action naming and action fluency tasks. RESULTS In the action naming task, the performance of participants with MCI was significantly impaired compared to healthy controls in terms of total score, the number of semantic errors produced, and the use of generic terms. In the action fluency task, participants with MCI produced significantly fewer verbs, fewer clusters, and fewer switches than healthy controls. CONCLUSION The results of our study emphasize the utility of verb production tasks in the identification of cognitive impairment in individuals with MCI and provide evidence of the importance of including action naming and action fluency tasks in the assessment of individuals with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Macoir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Laforce
- Research Chair on Primary Progressive Aphasias, Lemaire Family Foundation, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Memory Clinic, Laval University Hospital Center
| | - Carol Hudon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- VITAM Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Corvalan N, Crivelli L, Allegri RF, Pedreira ME, Fernández RS. The impact of reward and punishment sensitivity on memory and executive performance in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115099. [PMID: 38866138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is defined by memory impairment but executive function (EF) deficits could be also a common feature. This study examined the underlying neurocognitive processes associated with executive function (EF) deficits in patients with aMCI using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and computational modeling. Forty-two patients with aMCI and thirty-eight matched Controls performed the WSCT and underwent neurocognitive assessment. The Attentional Learning Model was applied the WCST. Patients with aMCI demonstrated deficits in feedback-learning. More specifically, patients showed increased Reward-Sensitivity and reduced Punishment-Sensitivity. These alterations were associated with poor WSCT performance and deficits in EF and Memory. Goal-directed deficits in aMCI, as observed in the WCST, are associated with difficulties in updating attention after feedback as its changes too rapidly following positive feedback and too slowly following negative feedback. Consequently, memory and EF deficits interact and reinforce each other generating performance deficits in patients with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Corvalan
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Montañeses 2325, Buenos Aires C.P. C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Lucia Crivelli
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Montañeses 2325, Buenos Aires C.P. C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Ricardo F Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Fleni, Montañeses 2325, Buenos Aires C.P. C1428AQK, Argentina
| | - Maria E Pedreira
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C.P. C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S Fernández
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE)-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C.P. C1428EGA, Argentina.
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3
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Idowu MI, Szameitat AJ, Parton A. The assessment of executive function abilities in healthy and neurodegenerative aging-A selective literature review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1334309. [PMID: 38596597 PMCID: PMC11002121 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1334309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined executive function (EF) abilities in cognitively healthy older adults and those living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there are no standard accepted protocols for testing specific EFs; thus, researchers have used their preferred tool, which leads to variability in assessments of decline in a particular ability across studies. Therefore, there is a need for guidance as to the most sensitive tests for assessing EF decline. A search of the most current literature published between 2000 and 2022 on EF studies assessing cognitively healthy older adults and individuals living with MCI and AD was conducted using PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Emphasis was placed on the EF's dual-tasking, inhibition, shifting or switching, and working memory updating. Many tasks and their outcomes were reviewed. Of particular importance was the difference in outcomes for tasks applied to the same group of participants. These various EF assessment tools demonstrate differences in effectively identifying decline in EF ability due to the aging process and neurodegenerative conditions, such as MCI and AD. This review identifies various factors to consider in using particular EF tasks in particular populations, including task demand and stimuli factors, and also when comparing differing results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojitola I. Idowu
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience (CCN), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Parton
- Centre for Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience (CCN), College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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Jia Y, Woltering S, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ, Coyle KS, Maio MR, Husain M, Liu ZX. Working Memory Precision and Associative Binding in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:206-224. [PMID: 36755482 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2023.2172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand working memory (WM) deficits in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), we examined information precision and associative binding in WM in 21 participants with MCI, compared to 16 healthy controls, using an item-location delayed reproduction task. WM, along with other executive functions (i.e. Trail Making Task (TMT) and Stroop task), were measured before and after a 2-h nap. The napping manipulation was intended as an exploratory element to this study exploring potential impacts of napping on executive functions.Compared to healthy participants, participants with MCI exhibited inferior performance not only in identifying encoded WM items but also on item-location associative binding and location precision even when only one item was involved. We also found changes on TMT and Stroop tasks in MCI, reflecting inferior attention and inhibitory control. Post-napping performance improved in most of these WM and other executive measures, both in MCI and their healthy peers.Our study shows that associative binding and WM precision can reliably differentiate MCIs from their healthy peers. Additionally, most measures showed no differential effect of group pre- and post-napping. These findings may contribute to better understanding cognitive deficits in MCI therefore improving the diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Jia
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Steven Woltering
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly S Coyle
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maria R Maio
- Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Psychology and Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Dept of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Psychology and Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhong-Xu Liu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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5
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Tilkeridou M, Moraitou D, Papaliagkas V, Frantzi N, Emmanouilidou E, Tsolaki M. An Examination of the Motives for Attributing and Interpreting Deception in People with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intell 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38392168 PMCID: PMC10890118 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine how a person with amnestic mild cognitive impairment perceives the phenomenon of deception. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) usually represents the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with patients showing memory impairment but with normal activities of daily living. It was expected that aMCI patients would face difficulties in the attribution and interpretation of deceptive behavior due to deficits regarding their diagnosis. The main sample of the study consisted of 76 older adults who were patients of a daycare center diagnosed with aMCI. A sample of 55 highly educated young adults was also examined in the same experiment to qualitatively compare their performance with that of aMCI patients. Participants were assigned a scenario where a hypothetical partner (either a friend or a stranger) was engaged in a task in which the partner could lie to boost their earnings at the expense of the participant. The results showed that aMCI patients, even if they understood that something was going wrong, did not invest in interpretations of potential deception and tended to avoid searching for confirmative information related to the hypothetical lie of their partner compared to highly educated young adults. It seems that aMCI patients become somehow "innocent", and this is discussed in terms of cognitive impairment and/or socioemotional selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tilkeridou
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Frantzi
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdokia Emmanouilidou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Tsolaki
- Neurosciences and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Postgraduate Course, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Aristotle University, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Lee AJ, Stark JH, Hayes SM. Baseline Frontoparietal Gray Matter Volume Predicts Executive Function Performance in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment at 24-Month Follow-Up. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:357-374. [PMID: 38875035 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been associated with gray matter atrophy. Prior studies have yielded limited insight into associations between gray matter volume and executive function in early and late amnestic MCI (aMCI). Objective To examine the relative importance of predictors of executive function at 24 months and relationships between baseline regional gray matter volume and executive function performance at 24-month follow-up in non-demented older adults. Methods 147 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age = 70.6 years) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing and were classified as cognitively normal (n = 49), early aMCI (n = 60), or late aMCI (n = 38). Analyses explored the importance of demographic, APOEɛ4, biomarker (p-tau/Aβ42, t-tau/Aβ42), and gray matter regions-of-interest (ROI) variables to 24-month executive function, whether ROIs predicted executive function, and whether relationships varied by baseline diagnostic status. Results Across all participants, baseline anterior cingulate cortex and superior parietal lobule volumes were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance. In early aMCI, anterior cingulate cortex volume was the strongest predictor and demonstrated a significant interaction such that lower volume related to worse 24-month executive function in early aMCI. Educational attainment and inferior frontal gyrus volume were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance for cognitively normal and late aMCI groups, respectively. Conclusions Baseline frontoparietal gray matter regions were significant predictors of executive function performance in the context of aMCI and may identify those at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Anterior cingulate cortex volume may predict executive function performance in early aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica H Stark
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott M Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Waschkies KF, Soch J, Darna M, Richter A, Altenstein S, Beyle A, Brosseron F, Buchholz F, Butryn M, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Gabelin T, Glanz W, Goerss D, Gref D, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Lohse A, Munk MH, Rauchmann BS, Rostamzadeh A, Roy N, Spruth EJ, Dechent P, Heneka MT, Hetzer S, Ramirez A, Scheffler K, Buerger K, Laske C, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Schneider A, Spottke A, Teipel S, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wiltfang J, Schott BH, Kizilirmak JM. Machine learning-based classification of Alzheimer's disease and its at-risk states using personality traits, anxiety, and depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6007. [PMID: 37800601 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often preceded by stages of cognitive impairment, namely subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are established predictors of AD, other non-invasive candidate predictors include personality traits, anxiety, and depression, among others. These predictors offer non-invasive assessment and exhibit changes during AD development and preclinical stages. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we comparatively evaluated the predictive value of personality traits (Big Five), geriatric anxiety and depression scores, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging activity of the default mode network, apoliprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and CSF biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, Aβ42/40 ratio) in a multi-class support vector machine classification. Participants included 189 healthy controls (HC), 338 individuals with SCD, 132 with amnestic MCI, and 74 with mild AD from the multicenter DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). RESULTS Mean predictive accuracy across all participant groups was highest when utilizing a combination of personality, depression, and anxiety scores. HC were best predicted by a feature set comprised of depression and anxiety scores and participants with AD were best predicted by a feature set containing CSF biomarkers. Classification of participants with SCD or aMCI was near chance level for all assessed feature sets. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate predictive value of personality trait and state scores for AD. Importantly, CSF biomarkers, personality, depression, anxiety, and ApoE genotype show complementary value for classification of AD and its at-risk stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad F Waschkies
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joram Soch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarita Darna
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anni Richter
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Munich, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Slawek Altenstein
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Beyle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Buchholz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gabelin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doreen Goerss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daria Gref
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayda Rostamzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Peters
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin-Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- University of Bonn Medical Center, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/Psychiatry, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Björn H Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Kizilirmak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurodidactics and NeuroLab, Institute for Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Bauer K, Malek-Ahmadi M. Meta-analysis of Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) FAS performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and cognitively unimpaired older adults. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:424-430. [PMID: 34392761 PMCID: PMC11101356 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1952590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Findings from several studies have shown that amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) older adults have significantly lower performance on phonemic fluency tasks relative to cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. These findings suggest that nonmemory domains, such as executive function, are impacted in aMCI. As Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has shifted toward identifying and characterizing preclinical AD, there is a need to identify subtle but significant cognitive changes that are below the threshold for clinical impairment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine phonemic fluency differences between aMCI and CU older adults. Data from 18 studies were included in this analysis that found that aMCI individuals' phonemic fluency performance was approximately seven points lower than CU individuals (Δ = -7.31, 95% CI [-9.10, -5.52], z = -8.01, p < 0.001), which represents a medium effect size of (g = 0.61, 95% CI [0.46, 0.76], z = 7.90, p < 0.001). Normative conversion of the aMCI groups' raw scores showed that all were in the normal range of performance. The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that significant subclinical deficits in phonemic fluency can be present in aMCI. This should prompt greater use of phonemic fluency tasks in outcome measures for observational and intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie Bauer
- Division of Neurobiology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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9
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Sharma V, Malek-Ahmadi M. Meta-Analysis of Animal Fluency Performance in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:259-264. [PMID: 37561948 PMCID: PMC10529905 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal fluency is a commonly used neuropsychological measure that is used in the diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease. Although most individuals with aMCI have clinically normal scores on this test, several studies have shown that aMCI individuals' performance is significantly lower than that of cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. The aim of this meta-analysis was to characterize the effect size of animal fluency performance differences between aMCI and CU individuals. Literature search with search terms used were: "animal fluency and mild cognitive impairment," "semantic fluency and mild cognitive impairment," "category fluency and mild cognitive impairment." Both the standardized mean difference and the raw mean difference were derived from random effects analyses. Demographically adjusted z-scores for animal fluency performance for the aMCI groups were obtained to determine normative performance. Nineteen studies were included in the analysis. The standardized mean difference for animal fluency performance between CU and aMCI was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: [0.73; 1.04], P <0.001), I2 =70.3% [52.7%; 81.4%], which reflects a large effect size with moderate heterogeneity. The raw mean difference was -4.08 [-4.75; -3.38], P <0.001. The mean animal fluency z-score for aMCI groups was in the Low Average range (z=-0.77). This study found a substantial difference in animal fluency performance between aMCI and CU individuals. The aMCI groups' normative performance did not fall into the impaired range, indicating that there are important subclinical differences in animal fluency performance that may inform the design of cognitive end points for Alzheimer's disease prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ
| | - Michael Malek-Ahmadi
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Dept. of Biomedical Informatics, Phoenix, AZ
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10
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Richard’s MM, Zamora EV, Aydmune Y, Comesaña A, Krzemien D, Introzzi IM, Lopez-Ramón MF, Navarro-Pardo E. Age-related switching costs in adulthood: “All or None Hypothesis” corollaries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Lin M, Ma C, Zhu J, Gao J, Huang L, Huang J, Liu Z, Tao J, Chen L. Effects of exercise interventions on executive function in old adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101776. [PMID: 36332758 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of exercise interventions on subdomains of executive function (EF) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Nine electronic databases were comprehensively searched from their inception to February 2021. Randomized controlled trials examining the effect of exercise training on EF in MCI were included. RESULTS Twenty-four eligible articles involving 2278 participants were identified. The results showed that exercise interventions had positive benefits on working memory, switching and inhibition in MCI. Subgroup analysis based on exercise prescriptions revealed that both aerobatic exercise and mind-body exercise had similar positive effect size on working memory. However, only mind-body exercise had significant effect on switching. Exercise training with moderate frequency (3-4 times/week) had larger effect size than low frequency (1-2 times/week) and only moderate frequency had positive benefits on switching. Both short (4-12 weeks), medium (13-24 weeks) and long (more than 24 weeks) exercise duration significantly ameliorate working memory and switching, however with short duration having slight larger effect sizes than medium and long. CONCLUSION Exercise significantly improves three subdomains of EF in MCI, especially mind-body exercise. Exercise training sticking to at least 4 weeks with 3-4 times a week tends to have larger effect size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoran Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Chuyi Ma
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jingfang Zhu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jiahui Gao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Li Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics & Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation (Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, China.
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12
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Poptsi E, Moraitou D, Tsatali M, Papaliagkas V, Tzanakaki-Melissari M, Kyriakoulaki E, Kounti F, Markou N, Liapi D, Batsila G, Ouzouni F, Vasiloglou M, Tsolaki M. Examining Voting Capacity in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Decline. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121614. [PMID: 36552074 PMCID: PMC9776084 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, controversy exists regarding the stage of cognitive decline and/or dementia where voting capacity is diminished. AIM To evaluate whether general cognitive status in advancing age predicts voting capacity in its specific aspects. METHODS The study sample comprised 391 people: 88 cognitively healthy older adults (CH), 150 people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and 153 people with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). The assessment included CAT-V for the voting capacity and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for general cognitive ability. ANOVAs and ROC curves were the tools of statistical analysis towards (a) indicating under which MMSE rate participants are incapable of voting and (b) whether the CAT-V total score can discriminate people with dementia (PwADD) from people without dementia (PwtD). RESULTS Out of the six CAT-V questions, one question was associated with a low MMSE cutoff score (19.50), having excellent sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (77.20%), whilst the other five questions presented a higher MMSE cutoff score, with a good sensitivity (78.4% to 87.6%) and specificity (75.3% to 81.7%), indicating that voting difficulties are associated with cognitive status. Secondarily, the total CAT-V score discriminates PwADD from PwtD of 51-65 years (sensitivity 93.2%/specificity 100%-excellent), PwADD from PwtD of 66-75 years (sensitivity 73.3%/specificity 97.1%-good), PwADD from PwtD of 76-85 years (sensitivity 92.2%/specificity 64.7%-good), whilst for 86-95 years, a cutoff of 9.5 resulted in perfect sensitivity and specificity (100%). CONCLUSION According to MMSE, PwADD have no full voting competence, whilst PwtD seem to have intact voting capacity. The calculated cut-off scores indicate that only people who score more than 28 points on the MMSE have voting capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Poptsi
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI—AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI—AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marianna Tsatali
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI—AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-351-451
| | - Vasileios Papaliagkas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Elia Kyriakoulaki
- Institute of Research and Education of Psychiatric and Dementia Patient’s, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Fotini Kounti
- Heraklion Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Aging “ALLILENGII”, 71201 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nefeli Markou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Liapi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Batsila
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Ouzouni
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Vasiloglou
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI—AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), 54643 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Heraklion Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Aging “ALLILENGII”, 71201 Heraklion, Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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13
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. Time of Day Effects on Inhibitory Functioning: Cognitive and Neural Evidence of Sundowning in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:869-890. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is characterized by episodic memory dysfunction, but inhibitory deficits have also been commonly reported. Time of day (TOD) effects have been confirmed in 1) healthy aging on cognitive processes such as inhibitory control, and 2) on behavior in AD (termed the sundowning effect), but no such research has addressed aMCI. Objective: The present study examined the impact of TOD on the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibition in 54 individuals with aMCI and 52 healthy controls (HCs), all of morning chronotype. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to complete two inhibition tasks (Go-NoGo and Flanker) during their optimal (morning) or non-optimal (evening) TOD, while electroencephalography was recorded. Results: Both tasks elicited changes in N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, which commonly index inhibitory functioning. Analyses showed that the Go-NoGo difference in P3 amplitude was reduced in individuals with aMCI relative to HCs. Compared to HCs, the Flanker difference in P3 amplitude was also reduced and coincided with more errors in the aMCI group. Notably, these behavioral and ERP differences were exaggerated in the non-optimal TOD relative to the optimal TOD. Conclusion: Findings confirm the presence of inhibition deficits in aMCI and provide novel evidence of sundowning effects on inhibitory control in aMCI. Results reinforce the need to consider the influences of TOD in clinical assessments involving individuals with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Chen R, Cai G, Xu S, Sun Q, Luo J, Wang Y, Li M, Lin H, Liu J. Body mass index related to executive function and hippocampal subregion volume in subjective cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:905035. [PMID: 36062154 PMCID: PMC9428252 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.905035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore whether body mass index (BMI) level affects the executive function and hippocampal subregion volume of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Materials and methods A total of 111 participants were included in the analysis, including SCD (38 of normal BMI, 27 of overweight and obesity) and normal cognitive control (NC) (29 of normal BMI, 17 of overweight and obesity). All subjects underwent the Chinese version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) to measure the executive function and a high-resolution 3D T1 structural image acquisition. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the differences in executive function and gray matter volume in hippocampal subregions under different BMI levels between the SCD and NC. Result The subdimensions of executive function in which different BMI levels interact with SCD and NC include inhibition control function [SCWT C-B reaction time(s): F (1,104) = 5.732, p = 0.018], and the hippocampal subregion volume of CA1 [F (1,99) = 8.607, p = 0.004], hippocampal tail [F (1,99) = 4.077, p = 0.046], and molecular layer [F (1,99) = 6.309, p = 0.014]. After correction by Bonferroni method, the population × BMI interaction only had a significant effect on the CA1 (p = 0.004). Further analysis found that the SCWT C-B reaction time of SCD was significantly longer than NC no matter whether it is at the normal BMI level [F (1,104) = 4.325, p = 0.040] or the high BMI level [F (1,104) = 21.530, p < 0.001], and the inhibitory control function of SCD was worse than that of NC. In the normal BMI group, gray matter volume in the hippocampal subregion (CA1) of SCD was significantly smaller than that of NC [F (1,99) = 4.938, p = 0.029]. For patients with SCD, the high BMI group had worse inhibitory control function [F (1,104) = 13.499, p < 0.001] and greater CA1 volume compared with the normal BMI group [F (1,99) = 7.619, p = 0.007]. Conclusion The BMI level is related to the inhibition control function and the gray matter volume of CA1 subregion in SCD. Overweight seems to increase the gray matter volume of CA1 in the elderly with SCD, but it is not enough to compensate for the damage to executive function caused by the disease. These data provide new insights into the relationship between BMI level and executive function of SCD from the perspective of imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guiyan Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shurui Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Fernández A, Noce G, Del Percio C, Pinal D, Díaz F, Lojo-Seoane C, Zurrón M, Babiloni C. Resting state electroencephalographic rhythms are affected by immediately preceding memory demands in cognitively unimpaired elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:907130. [PMID: 36062151 PMCID: PMC9435320 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.907130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments on event-related electroencephalographic oscillations in aged people typically include blocks of cognitive tasks with a few minutes of interval between them. The present exploratory study tested the effect of being engaged on cognitive tasks over the resting state cortical arousal after task completion, and whether it differs according to the level of the participant’s cognitive decline. To investigate this issue, we used a local database including data in 30 healthy cognitively unimpaired (CU) persons and 40 matched patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). They had been involved in 2 memory tasks for about 40 min and underwent resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) recording after 5 min from the task end. eLORETA freeware estimated rsEEG alpha source activity as an index of general cortical arousal. In the CU but not aMCI group, there was a negative correlation between memory tasks performance and posterior rsEEG alpha source activity. The better the memory tasks performance, the lower the posterior alpha activity (i.e., higher cortical arousal). There was also a negative correlation between neuropsychological test scores of global cognitive status and alpha source activity. These results suggest that engagement in memory tasks may perturb background brain arousal for more than 5 min after the tasks end, and that this effect are dependent on participants global cognitive status. Future studies in CU and aMCI groups may cross-validate and extend these results with experiments including (1) rsEEG recordings before memory tasks and (2) post-tasks rsEEG recordings after 5, 15, and 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Fernández
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alba Fernández,
| | | | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Pinal
- Psychological Neuroscience Lab, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Lojo-Seoane
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Evolutiva e da Educación, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Zurrón
- Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
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16
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Esposito S, Trojsi F, Cirillo G, de Stefano M, Di Nardo F, Siciliano M, Caiazzo G, Ippolito D, Ricciardi D, Buonanno D, Atripaldi D, Pepe R, D’Alvano G, Mangione A, Bonavita S, Santangelo G, Iavarone A, Cirillo M, Esposito F, Sorbi S, Tedeschi G. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex May Influence Semantic Fluency and Functional Connectivity in Fronto-Parietal Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050994. [PMID: 35625731 PMCID: PMC9138229 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that is increasingly used as a nonpharmacological intervention against cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias. Although rTMS has been shown to modify cognitive performances and brain functional connectivity (FC) in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, there is still no evidence about the possible relationship between executive performances and resting-state brain FC following rTMS in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this preliminary study, we aimed to evaluate the possible effects of rTMS of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 27 MCI patients randomly assigned to two groups: one group received high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS (HF-rTMS) for four weeks (n = 11), and the other received sham stimulation (n = 16). Cognitive and psycho-behavior scores, based on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Apathy Evaluation Scale, and brain FC, evaluated by independent component analysis of resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) networks, together with the assessment of regional atrophy measures, evaluated by whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM), were measured at baseline, after five weeks, and six months after rTMS stimulation. Our results showed significantly increased semantic fluency (p = 0.026) and visuo-spatial (p = 0.014) performances and increased FC within the salience network (p ≤ 0.05, cluster-level corrected) at the short-term timepoint, and increased FC within the left fronto-parietal network (p ≤ 0.05, cluster-level corrected) at the long-term timepoint, in the treated group but not in the sham group. Conversely, regional atrophy measures did not show significant longitudinal changes between the two groups across six months. Our preliminary findings suggest that targeting DLPFC by rTMS application may lead to a significant long-term increase in FC in MCI patients in a RS network associated with executive functions, and this process might counteract the progressive cortical dysfunction affecting this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Esposito
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-1566-5659
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Manuela de Stefano
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Federica Di Nardo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Mattia Siciliano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Domenico Ippolito
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Dario Ricciardi
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Daniela Buonanno
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Danilo Atripaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Roberta Pepe
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Giulia D’Alvano
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Antonella Mangione
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN Ospedali Dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 50143 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- First Division of Neurology, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.E.); (M.d.S.); (D.I.); (D.R.); (D.B.); (G.D.); (G.T.)
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.A.); (R.P.); (A.M.); (S.B.); (M.C.); (F.E.)
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17
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Lejko N, Tumati S, Opmeer EM, Marsman JBC, Reesink FE, De Deyn PP, Aleman A, Ćurčić-Blake B. Planning in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: an fMRI study. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111673. [PMID: 34958871 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The memory impairment that is characteristic of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is often accompanied by difficulties in executive functioning, including planning. Though planning deficits in aMCI are well documented, their neural correlates are largely unknown, and have not yet been investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to: (1) identify differences in brain activity and connectivity during planning in people with aMCI and cognitively healthy older adults, and (2) find whether planning-related activity and connectivity are associated with cognitive performance and symptoms of apathy. METHODS Twenty-five people with aMCI and 15 cognitively healthy older adults performed a visuospatial planning task (Tower of London; ToL) during fMRI. Task-related brain activation, spatial maps of task-related independent components, and seed-to-voxel functional connectivity were compared between the two groups and regressed against measures of executive functions (Trail Making Test difference score, TMT B-A; Digit Symbol Substitution Test, DSST), delayed recall (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), and apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale). RESULTS People with aMCI scored lower on task-switching (TMT B-A), working memory (DSST), and planning (ToL). During planning, people with aMCI had less activation in the bilateral anterior calcarine sulcus/cuneus, the bilateral temporal cortices, the left precentral gyrus, the thalamus, and the right cerebellum. Across all participants, higher planning-related activity in the supplementary motor area, the retrosplenial cortex and surrounding areas, and the right temporal cortex was related to better delayed recall. There were no between-group differences in functional connectivity, nor were there any associations between connectivity and cognition. We also did not find any associations between brain activity or connectivity and apathy. CONCLUSION Impaired planning in people with aMCI appears to be accompanied by lower activation in a diffuse cortico-thalamic network. Across all participants, higher planning-related activity in parieto-occipital, temporal, and frontal areas was related to better memory performance. The results point to the relevance of planning deficits for understanding aMCI and extend its clinical and neurobiological signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nena Lejko
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Shankar Tumati
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther M Opmeer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health and Welfare, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fransje E Reesink
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Branislava Ćurčić-Blake
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
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18
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Gorecka MM, Vasylenko O, Waterloo K, Rodríguez-Aranda C. Assessing a Sensory-Motor-Cognition Triad in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment With Dichotic Listening While Walking: A Dual-Task Paradigm. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:718900. [PMID: 34867267 PMCID: PMC8633416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.718900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A contemporary topic in aging research relates to the significance of cognitive changes proper to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to higher risk of falls and gait deteriorations. The present study addresses this question in the amnestic type of MCI (aMCI) by examining a triad of interrelated comorbidities occurring in the MCI condition: attentional impairments, hearing loss and gait disturbances. To this end, we applied a dichotic listening (DL) test during over-ground walking. DL assesses spontaneous and lateralized auditory attention in three conditions (i.e., free report or Non-forced (NF), Forced-Right (FR) ear and Forced-Left (FL) ear). Earlier reports suggest that this dual-task paradigm evoke asymmetric gait effects on healthy controls, which are moderated by degree of hearing loss. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of DL on bilateral (data from both limbs) and lateralized (each limb separately) gait outcomes in a group of forty-three aMCI participants (mean = 71.19) and fifty-two healthy older controls (mean = 70.90) by using hearing loss as a covariate in all analyses. Results showed the aMCI group presented overall compromised gait parameters, especially higher gait variability in all DL conditions during lateralized attentional control. These findings were observed bilaterally, and no lateralized effects on gait were observed. Only after controlling for hearing acuity, gait asymmetries on step length variability emerged almost exclusively in healthy controls. It was concluded that hearing loss in the aMCI group together with higher attentional impairments preclude aMCI individuals to properly execute DL and therefore, they do not display gait asymmetries. The present data demonstrate that varied demands on attentional control dependent on hearing acuity affects gait negatively in healthy older adults and aMCI individuals in very different ways. The appearance of asymmetric effects seems to be a perturbation related to normal aging, while the lack of asymmetries but exaggerated gait variability characterizes aMCI. The present findings show the intricate interplay of sensory, cognitive, and motor deteriorations in different group of older adults, which stresses the need of addressing co-occurring comorbidities behind gait perturbations in individuals prone to develop a dementia state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Gorecka
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olena Vasylenko
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Knut Waterloo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-Aranda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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19
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Ojakäär T, Koychev I. Secondary Prevention of Dementia: Combining Risk Factors and Scalable Screening Technology. Front Neurol 2021; 12:772836. [PMID: 34867762 PMCID: PMC8634660 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.772836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia. Over a third of dementia cases are estimated to be due to potentially modifiable risk factors, thus offering opportunities for both identification of those most likely to be in early disease as well as secondary prevention. Diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney failure have all been linked to increased risk for AD and dementia and through their high prevalence are particularly apt targets for initiatives to reduce burden of AD. This can take place through targeted interventions of cardiovascular risk factors (shown to improve cognitive outcomes) or novel disease modifying treatments in people with confirmed AD pathology. The success of this approach to secondary prevention depends on the availability of inexpensive and scalable methods for detecting preclinical and prodromal dementia states. Developments in blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease are rapidly becoming a viable such method for monitoring large at-risk groups. In addition, digital technologies for remote monitoring of cognitive and behavioral changes can add clinically relevant data to further improve personalisation of prevention strategies. This review sets the scene for this approach to secondary care of dementia through a review of the evidence for cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease) as major risk factors for AD. We then summarize the developments in blood-based and cognitive biomarkers that allow the detection of pathological states at the earliest possible stage. We propose that at-risk cohorts should be created based on the interaction between cardiovascular and constitutional risk factors. These cohorts can then be monitored effectively using a combination of blood-based biomarkers and digital technologies. We argue that this strategy allows for both risk factor reduction-based prevention programmes as well as for optimisation of any benefits offered by current and future disease modifying treatment through rapid identification of individuals most likely to benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Duarte-Abritta B, Sánchez SM, Abulafia C, Gustafson DR, Vázquez S, Sevlever G, Castro MN, Fiorentini L, Villarreal MF, Guinjoan SM. Amyloid and anatomical correlates of executive functioning in middle-aged offspring of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111342. [PMID: 34365076 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A traditional hallmark of cognitive impairment associated with late-onset Alzheimer´s disease (LOAD) is episodic memory impairment. However, early alterations have been identified in brain regions associated with executive function in asymptomatic, middle-age offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) compared to those with no family history. We hypothesized that executive function among O-LOAD would correlate with structural and amyloid brain imaging differently from those without a family history of LOAD (control subjects, CS). Executive function, cortical thickness, and in-vivo Aβ deposits were quantified in 30 O-LOAD and 25 CS. Associations were observed among O-LOAD only. Cortical thickness in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex was positively associated with Design Fluency. The Stroop Color and Word Test, correlated positively with right rostral mid-frontal cortex thickness. Trails Making Test-B was inversely related to left medial orbitofrontal thickness. Tower of London total time was positively associated with β-amyloid deposition in the right precuneus. These results support previous evidence that early executive dysfunction might reflect subtle, early changes in persons at risk of LOAD and suggests that executive function alterations deserve further exploration in the LOAD literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Duarte-Abritta
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella-Maris Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Abulafia
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah R Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York University Downstate Health Sciences University, United States
| | - Silvia Vázquez
- Centro de imágenes moleculares (CIM), Fundación FLENI, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Fiorentini
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Fundación FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Cs. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta, Instituto de Neurociencias FLENI-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Neurofisiología I, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, OK, United States.
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21
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Chang YL, Zhuo YY, Luo DH. Education Moderates the Negative Effect of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 on Response Inhibition in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1147-1157. [PMID: 34151797 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported that apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE ɛ4) has adverse effects on executive functions (EFs) in late adulthood. However, the results have been inconsistent. Insufficient measurements of executive functioning, uncontrolled clinical and demographic confounders, and moderation effects from other environmental factors are suspected to account for the inconsistency. OBJECTIVE This study used aggregate measures to examine the effects of APOE ɛ4 on four components of EFs, namely switching, working memory, inhibition, and reasoning. We further investigated whether high educational attainment, a proxy measure for cognitive reserve, moderates the adverse effects of ɛ4 on EFs. METHODS Cognitively unimpaired older participants were divided into groups based on APOE genotype and into subgroups based on educational attainment level. The demographic and clinical variables were matched between the groups. Four core components of the EFs were measured using a relatively comprehensive battery. RESULTS The results revealed that although no main effect of the APOE genotype was observed across the four EF components, the potentially adverse effects of ɛ4 on inhibition were alleviated by high educational attainment. A main effect of education on the reasoning component was also observed. The moderation analysis revealed that for older adults with 12 years of education or fewer, the relationship between the APOE ɛ4 genotype and inhibition performance became increasingly negative. CONCLUSION This study highlights the distinctive role of response inhibition in the gene-environment interaction and underlines the importance of considering factors of both nature and nurture to understand the complex process of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Zhuo
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Di-Hua Luo
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Kim H, Kim HK, Kim N, Nam CS. Dual Task Effects on Speed and Accuracy During Cognitive and Upper Limb Motor Tasks in Adults With Stroke Hemiparesis. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:671541. [PMID: 34220473 PMCID: PMC8250862 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.671541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults with stroke need to perform cognitive-motor dual tasks during their day-to-day activities. However, they face several challenges owing to their impaired motor and cognitive functions. Objective This case-controlled pilot study investigates the speed and accuracy tradeoffs in adults with stroke while performing cognitive-upper limb motor dual tasks. Methods Ten adults with stroke and seven similar-aged controls participated in this study. The participants used a robotic arm for the single motor task and participated in either the serial sevens (S7) or the controlled oral word association test (COWAT) for single-cognitive task. For the dual task, the participants performed the motor and cognitive components simultaneously. Their speed and accuracy were measured for the motor and cognitive tasks, respectively. Results Two-sample t-statistics indicated that the participants with stroke exhibited a lower motor accuracy in the cross task than in the circle task. The cognitive speed and motor accuracy registered by the subjects with stroke in the dual task significantly decreased. There was a negative linear correlation between motor speed and accuracy in the subjects with stroke when the COWAT task was performed in conjunction with the cross task (ρ = -0.6922, p = 0.0388). Conclusions This study proves the existence of cognitive-upper limb motor interference in adults with stroke while performing dual tasks, based on the observation that their performance during one or both dual tasks deteriorated compared to that during the single task. Both speed and accuracy were complementary parameters that may indicate clinical effectiveness in motor and cognitive outcomes in individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogene Kim
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Research, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Research, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chang S Nam
- Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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23
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Della Vecchia A, Mucci F, Pozza A, Marazziti D. Negative Air Ions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2521-2539. [PMID: 32603272 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200630104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air ions (AIs) are clusters of ionized particles present in the atmosphere, carrying an electrical charge of negative or positive polarity. Past speculations suggested that exposure to positive air ions may be harmful, while exposure to negative air ions (NAIs) may be associated with beneficial health effects. Increasing attention has been directed towards investigating the potential effect of NAIs on human brain activities since initial observations of their beneficial effects on some cognitive processes and mood. AIMS Given the paucity and scattered literature, our paper aims to review the available studies on potential positive effects of NAIs exposure on cognitive performances and depression. DISCUSSION The review of the literature seems to confirm the effects of NAIs on several brain functions. Indeed, a significant association between NAIs exposure and both well-being and high cognitive performances has been described. Furthermore, exposure to high concentrations of NAIs could be related to the improvement of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION A growing evidence of data, although not yet conclusive, would suggest that NAIs might improve cognitive processes. These findings require specific and urgent controlled trials adopting systems based on AIs release to possibly prevent and treat cognitive dysfunctions present in a broad range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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24
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Kamal F, Morrison C, Campbell K, Taler V. Event-Related Potential Measures of the Passive Processing of Rapidly and Slowly Presented Auditory Stimuli in MCI. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:659618. [PMID: 33867972 PMCID: PMC8046914 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.659618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research effort is currently devoted to the development of a simple, low-cost method to determine early signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The present study employs a simple paradigm in which event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to a single auditory stimulus that was presented rapidly or very slowly while the participant was engaged in a visual task. A multi-channel EEG was recorded in 20 healthy older adults and 20 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In two different conditions, a single 80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) auditory stimulus was presented every 1.5 s (fast condition) or every 12.0 s (slow condition). Participants were instructed to watch a silent video and ignore the auditory stimuli. Auditory processing thus occurred passively. When the auditory stimuli were presented rapidly (every 1.5 s), N1 and P2 amplitudes did not differ between the two groups. When the stimuli were presented very slowly, the amplitude of N1 and P2 increased in both groups and their latencies were prolonged. The amplitude of N1 did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, the subsequent positivity was reduced in people with MCI compared to healthy older adults. This late positivity in the slow condition may reflect a delayed P2 or a summation of a composite P2 + P3a. In people with MCI, the priority of processing may not be switched from the visual task to the potentially much more relevant auditory input. ERPs offer promise as a means to identify the pathology underlying cognitive impairment associated with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Kamal
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra Morrison
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vanessa Taler
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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25
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Chow R, Rabi R, Paracha S, Vasquez BP, Hasher L, Alain C, Anderson ND. Reaction time intra-individual variability reveals inhibitory deficits in single- and multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:71-83. [PMID: 33770153 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, is characterized by episodic memory impairment. Recent evidence has shown inhibitory control deficits in aMCI, but the extent of these deficits across inhibitory domains (i.e., response inhibition and interference control) and aMCI subtypes (i.e., single- versus multiple-domain) remains unclear. Few studies have included response time intra-individual variability (RT IIV) in these efforts. The aim of this study was to compare response inhibition and interference control between aMCI subtypes using measures of accuracy, mean RT, and RT IIV. METHOD We report data from 34 individuals with single-domain aMCI (sdaMCI, 66-86 years), 20 individuals with multiple-domain aMCI (mdaMCI, 68-88 years), and 52 healthy controls (64-88 years) who completed tasks of response inhibition (Go-NoGo) and interference control (Flanker). Group differences in accuracy, mean RT, and RT IIV were examined for both tasks. RESULTS Individuals with mdaMCI had higher RT IIV than the other groups on both tasks. In RT IIV, we observed an interference control deficit in mdaMCI and sdaMCI relative to healthy controls, a finding not observed through accuracy or mean RT. DISCUSSION RT IIV may detect subtle differences in inhibition deficits between aMCI subtypes that may not be evident with conventional behavioral measures. Findings support the supplementary use of RT IIV when assessing early executive function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Chow
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahel Rabi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon P Vasquez
- Neuropsychology & Cognitive Health, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cloutier S, Chertkow H, Kergoat M, Gélinas I, Gauthier S, Belleville S. Trajectories of decline on instrumental activities of daily living prior to dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:314-323. [PMID: 32892375 PMCID: PMC7821296 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective was to determine the trajectory of instrumental activities of daily living (iADL) decline in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who progressed towards dementia relative to persons with MCI who remained stable. METHODS/DESIGN At study entry, 121 participants met criteria for MCI. Based on the follow-up, 47 participants later converted to dementia and were identified as progressors. Sixteen participants, identified as decliners, presented a significant cognitive decline but did not reach the criteria for dementia within the study timeframe. Stable MCI remained cognitively stable during the 5-year follow-up; n = 58. Participants completed a yearly assessment using clinical tests/questionnaires, neuropsychological measures, and functional autonomy assessment until they met criteria for dementia. The average number of months for the follow-up was 34. RESULTS Many years of stable performance followed by an accelerated decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for complex activities for progressors. No change was found for stable MCI and a gradual linear decline characterized decliners. The housekeeping-related activities component showed a linear decline in progressors and did not change in stable and decliner MCI. We found a predictive model that includes significant predictors of dementia conversion with a high diagnostic accuracy the following year (area under the curve = 0.94 [95% confidence level; lower bound: 0.87, upper bound: 1]). CONCLUSIONS It is critical to assess iADL that reflect complex activities in the evaluation of MCI individuals as their impairment, combined with change on cognitive markers, indicates a higher risk of dementia progression 1 or 2 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cloutier
- Institut universitaire de gériatrie de MontréalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | | | - Isabelle Gélinas
- Davis HouseSchool of Physical and Occupational TherapyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Alzheimer Disease Research UnitMcGill Center for Studies in AgingMontrealQuebecCanada
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27
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Hu S, Li CSR. Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes of the Hippocampus and the Relationship with Inhibitory Control. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10121013. [PMID: 33352718 PMCID: PMC7766783 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, and hippocampal dysfunction represents a risk marker of Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we demonstrated age-related changes in reactive and proactive control in the stop signal task, each quantified by the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and sequential effect computed as the correlation between the estimated stop signal probability and go trial reaction time. Age was positively correlated with the SSRT, but not with the sequential effect. Here, we explored hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) and activation to response inhibition and to p(Stop) in healthy adults 18 to 72 years of age. The results showed age-related reduction of right anterior hippocampal activation during stop success vs. go trials, and the hippocampal activities correlated negatively with the SSRT. In contrast, the right posterior hippocampus showed higher age-related responses to p(Stop), but the activities did not correlate with the sequential effect. Further, we observed diminished GMVs of the anterior and posterior hippocampus. However, the GMVs were not related to behavioral performance or regional activities. Together, these findings suggest that hippocampal GMVs and regional activities represent distinct neural markers of cognitive aging, and distinguish the roles of the anterior and posterior hippocampus in age-related changes in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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28
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Tsentidou G, Moraitou D, Tsolaki M. Cognition in Vascular Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:55-70. [PMID: 31561369 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health declines with age, due to vascular risk factors, and this leads to an increasing risk of cognitive decline. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as the negative cognitive changes beyond what is expected in normal aging. The purpose of the study was to compare older adults with vascular risk factors (VRF), MCI patients, and healthy controls (HC) in main dimensions of cognitive control. The sample comprised a total of 109 adults, aged 50 to 85 (M = 66.09, S.D. = 9.02). They were divided into three groups: 1) older adults with VRF, 2) MCI patients, and 3) healthy controls (HC). VRF and MCI did not differ significantly in age, educational level, or gender as was the case with HC. The tests used mainly examine inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory processing. Results showed that the VRF group had more Set Loss Errors in drawing designs indicating deficits in establishing cognitive set and in cognitive shifting. MCI patients displayed lower performance in processing. Hence, different types of specific impairments emerge in vascular aging and MCI, and this may imply that discrete underlying pathologies may play a role in the development of somewhat different profiles of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Tsentidou
- Laboratoty of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), AUTh, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratoty of Psychology, Department of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki (GAADRD), Greece.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), AUTh, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Greece.,Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki (GAADRD), Greece.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), AUTh, Greece
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29
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Moore RC, Campbell LM, Delgadillo JD, Paolillo EW, Sundermann EE, Holden J, Schweitzer P, Heaton RK, Swendsen J. Smartphone-Based Measurement of Executive Function in Older Adults with and without HIV. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:347-357. [PMID: 31942632 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine feasibility, convergent validity and biases associated with a mobile color-word interference test (mCWIT) among older persons living with HIV (PLHIV). METHOD Over a 14-day period, 58 PLHIV and 32 HIV-uninfected individuals (aged 50-74) completed the mCWIT on smartphones once per day in real-world settings. Participants also completed a comprehensive laboratory-based neuropsychological evaluation. RESULTS A high rate of compliance was observed (86%) in the repeated administration of the mCWIT. A practice effect was observed in the overall sample concerning mCWIT subscores, and these learning effects were greater for PLHIV. Stabilization of performance was observed after 6 (HIV+) and 7 days (HIV-) for completion time and after 2 (HIV-) and 3 days (HIV+) for mCWIT errors. A minor fatigue effect was observed in the overall sample which was unassociated with group status. Moderate to strong correlations were found between mCWIT completion time and mCWIT errors with global neurocognition and with all of the individual neurocognitive domains. The strongest associations were with mCWIT completion time and laboratory-based global neurocognition, executive function, and working memory scores. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive testing administered within the context of a person's daily life provides qualitatively different data than neuropsychological testing completed in clinical settings, and it may constitute a more ecologically valid indicator of cognitive performance than traditional methods. Mobile cognitive testing has potential to help characterize real-time cognitive performance and serve as a complementary assessment tool to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Laura M Campbell
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, 6363 Alvarado Court, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Jeremy D Delgadillo
- Advancing Diversity in Aging Research (ADAR) Program, San Diego State University, 6505 Alvarado Road, Suite 110, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Emily W Paolillo
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, 6363 Alvarado Court, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Erin E Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Jason Holden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | | | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 220 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Joel Swendsen
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR, Bordeaux 5287, France.,National Center for Scientific Research, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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30
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Caillaud M, Hudon C, Boller B, Brambati S, Duchesne S, Lorrain D, Gagnon JF, Maltezos S, Mellah S, Phillips N, Belleville S. Evidence of a Relation Between Hippocampal Volume, White Matter Hyperintensities, and Cognition in Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 75:1382-1392. [PMID: 31758692 PMCID: PMC7424270 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concepts of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have been proposed to identify individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), or other neurodegenerative diseases. One approach to validate these concepts is to investigate the relationship between pathological brain markers and cognition in those individuals. METHOD We included 126 participants from the Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer's disease-Quebec (CIMA-Q) cohort (67 SCD, 29 MCI, and 30 cognitively healthy controls [CH]). All participants underwent a complete cognitive assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons were done using cognitive data, and then correlated with hippocampal volumes and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). RESULTS Significant differences were found between participants with MCI and CH on episodic and executive tasks, but no differences were found when comparing SCD and CH. Scores on episodic memory tests correlated with hippocampal volumes in both MCI and SCD, whereas performance on executive tests correlated with WMH in all of our groups. DISCUSSION As expected, the SCD group was shown to be cognitively healthy on tasks where MCI participants showed impairment. However, SCD's hippocampal volume related to episodic memory performances, and WMH to executive functions. Thus, SCD represents a valid research concept and should be used, alongside MCI, to better understand the preclinical/prodromal phase of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Caillaud
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Boller
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departement of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Simona Brambati
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Université de Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Lorrain
- Research Centre, Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Departement of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samantha Maltezos
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samira Mellah
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Research in Human Development (CRDH), Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Belleville
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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31
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Guarino A, Forte G, Giovannoli J, Casagrande M. Executive functions in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review on motor and cognitive inhibition, conflict control and cognitive flexibility. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1028-1045. [PMID: 30938193 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1584785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a syndrome characterised by mild cognitive decline, on one or more domains, but which does not compromise daily functions. Several studies have investigated the relationship between MCI and deficit in executive functions (EFs) but, unlike robust evidence in the mnestic domain, the nature of executive deficits in the MCI population remains uncertain.Objectives: This systematic review aims to evaluate EFs in patients with MCI, considering inhibition (motor and cognitive), conflict control and cognitive flexibility.Method: The databases used for the search were PUBMED, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and MEDLINE. Eligibility criteria: use of specific paradigms for EFs assessment ('Wisconsin Card Sorting Test', 'Stroop Task', 'Go/No-Go Task', 'Flanker Task'); age over 65, studies published in English. Exclusion criteria: presence of dementia; psychiatric disorders; stroke; cranial trauma; inclusion of participants with MCI in groups with healthy elderly or those with dementia.Results: Fifty-five studies were selected, namely: Stroop Task (N = 30), WCST (N = 14), Go/No-Go (N = 9), Flanker Task (N = 2). Results have shown in people with MCI deficits in all the EFs considered.Conclusions: The results of this review support the applicability of the four experimental tasks examined for the study of EFs in people with MCI. These paradigms are useful in research, diagnosis and therapeutic purposes, allowing obtaining an articulated EFs profile that can compromise the daily life in elderly. These EFs are not generally evaluated by standard assessment of MCI, but their evaluation can lead to a better knowledge of MCI and help in the diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Guarino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, Università di Roma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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32
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Yeung MK, Chan AS. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy reveals decreased resting oxygenation levels and task-related oxygenation changes in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 124:58-76. [PMID: 32120065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by changes in cerebral blood flow. This article reviews the application of an alternative method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), to the study of cerebral oxygenation changes in MCI and dementia. We synthesized 36 fNIRS studies that examined hemodynamic changes during both the resting state and the execution of tasks of word retrieval, memory, motor control, and visuospatial perception in MCI and dementia. This qualitative review reveals that (amnestic) MCI and AD patients have disrupted frontal and long-range connectivity in the resting state compared to individuals with normal cognition (NC). These patients also exhibit reduced frontal oxygenation changes in various cognitive domains. The review also shows that disrupted connectivity and decreased frontal oxygenation levels/changes are more severe in AD than in (amnestic) MCI, confirming that MCI is an intermediate stage between NC and dementia. Thus, there is reduced resting frontal perfusion, which is greater than expected for age, and a lack of frontal compensatory responses to functional decline across cognitive operations (i.e., word retrieval and memory functioning) in MCI and AD. These indices might potentially serve as perfusion- or oxygenation-based biomarkers for MCI/dementia. To expand the utility of fNIRS for MCI and dementia, further studies that measure tissue oxygenation in a wider range of brain regions and cognitive domains, compare different MCI and dementia types, and correlate changes in cerebral oxygenation over time with disease progression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Yeung
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Agnes S Chan
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Chanwuyi Research Center for Neuropsychological Well-being, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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33
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Inhibitory Control Deficits in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:97-125. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Chehrehnegar N, Nejati V, Shati M, Rashedi V, Lotfi M, Adelirad F, Foroughan M. Early detection of cognitive disturbances in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of observational studies. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:212-228. [PMID: 31808989 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognition and early dementia and is not considered as a typical outcome of brain aging. It has been estimated that 10% to 20% of individuals above 65 years of age will be diagnosed as having MCI. The increased rate of dementia and the importance of early detection of its forerunners have encouraged researchers to focus on detecting MCI and modifiable risk factors with the hope of developing better ways of managing dementia and its consequences. The main aim of this study was to systematically review the related literature concerning the cognitive changes in the spectrum of cognitive aging to cognitive impairment. Articles included in this review were identified through searching the databases of PubMed, Psych Info, Embase, ProQuest, and Scopus. Many domains like verbal memory, language, executive function, visual memory, attentional skills, and working memory showed acceptable predictive power. Testing subdomains such as executive function, speed of processing, working memory and semantic language are critical and others may indicate some suggestions for further clinical deteriorations in normal individuals. Although various cognitive instruments have been used for evaluation of impaired cognitive domains, it remains challenging to select the most appropriate ones having high-level accuracy and their related cognitive subdomains. It also revealed that none of the identified cognitive domains solely fulfilled the criteria for MCI screening; in clinical settings, multiple neuropsychological batteries may be used for one single cognitive domain, while longitudinal studies prefer the use of at least two cognitive measures for each domain to improve accuracy and research settings might focus on only a single neuropsychological test. However, along with episodic memory, testing for amnestic MCI, executive function could increase the chance of early detection of MCI. Executive control has been found to deteriorate the earliest in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Chehrehnegar
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Occupational Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shahid Behehsti University Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shati
- Mental Health Research Centre, School of Behavioural Science and Mental health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadsajad Lotfi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Adelirad
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Foroughan
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li W, Sun L, Xiao S. Prevalence, Incidence, Influence Factors, and Cognitive Characteristics of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adult: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study in China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:75. [PMID: 32184742 PMCID: PMC7058542 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk and protective factors of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and its prevalence as well as incidence among old adult in Chinese community are still unclear. METHODS We carried out this 1-year longitudinal study to survey a random sample of 3,246 community elders aged 60 and over in China. All subjects were required to complete a comprehensive clinical assessment, physical examination and several neuropsychological tests at baseline and follow-up. What's more, we also collected their lifestyle information by a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS We found that the prevalence of aMCI was 17.1%, while the incidence of aMCI among Chinese old adult was 70.57 per 1,000 person-years. By using Cox regression analysis, we found that male sex (p = 0.001, OR = 0.489, 95%CI 0.319~0.751) and reading (p = 0.023, OR = 0.533, 95%CI 0.310~0.917) were protective factors for against aMCI. Old adult who developed aMCI in the future showed multiple cognitive impairments (such as immediate memory, associative learning memory and executive function) in their early stage, and Wechsler's Block Design (p = 0.027, OR = 0.969, 95%CL 0.943~0.996) could predict whether subjects would turn into aMCI in the future. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that aMCI is a considerable health problem in China. Executive dysfunction may be an indicator of future development of aMCI in the old normal adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Poptsi E, Tsardoulias E, Moraitou D, Symeonidis AL, Tsolaki M. REMEDES for Alzheimer-R4Alz Battery: Design and Development of a New Tool of Cognitive Control Assessment for the Diagnosis of Minor and Major Neurocognitive Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:783-801. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Poptsi
- Laboratory of Psychology, Section of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki (GAADRD), Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tsardoulias
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Moraitou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Section of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki (GAADRD), Greece
| | - Andreas L. Symeonidis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki (GAADRD), Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), Thessaloniki, Greece
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37
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Liao YY, Chen IH, Lin YJ, Chen Y, Hsu WC. Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Physical and Cognitive Training on Executive Function and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:162. [PMID: 31379553 PMCID: PMC6646677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Walking while performing cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously interferes with gait performance and may lead to falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Executive function, which seems to play a key role in dual-task gait performance, can be improved by combined physical and cognitive training. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to assist rehabilitation, and its effect on physical and cognitive function requires further investigation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of VR-based physical and cognitive training on executive function and dual-task gait performance in older adults with MCI, as well as to compare VR-based physical and cognitive training with traditional combined physical and cognitive training. Method: Thirty-four community-dwelling older adults with MCI were randomly assigned into either a VR-based physical and cognitive training (VR) group or a combined traditional physical and cognitive training (CPC) group for 36 sessions over 12 weeks. Outcome measures included executive function [Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and trail making test (TMT) A and B], gait performance (gait speed, stride length, and cadence) and dual-task costs (DTCs). Walking tasks were performed during single-task walking, walking while performing serial subtraction (cognitive dual task), and walking while carrying a tray (motor dual task). The GAIT Up system was used to evaluate gait parameters including speed, stride length, cadence and DTCs. DTC were defined as 100 * (single-task gait parameters − dual-task gait parameters)/single-task gait parameters. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in the SCWT and single-task and motor dual-task gait performance measures. However, only the VR group showed improvements in cognitive dual-task gait performance and the DTC of cadence. Moreover, the VR group showed more improvements than the CPC group in the TMT-B and DTC of cadence with borderline significances. Conclusion: A 12-week VR-based physical and cognitive training program led to significant improvements in dual-task gait performance in older adults with MCI, which may be attributed to improvements in executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Liao
- Department of Gerontological Health Care, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abulafia C, Fiorentini L, Loewenstein DA, Curiel-Cid R, Sevlever G, Nemeroff CB, Villarreal MF, Vigo DE, Guinjoan SM. Executive functioning in cognitively normal middle-aged offspring of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 112:23-29. [PMID: 30836202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are traditionally seen as the hallmark cognitive impairment during the prodromal continuum of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Previous studies identified early brain alterations in regions subserving executive functions in asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD), suggesting that premature episodic memory deficits could be associated to executive dysfunction in this model. We hypothesized that O-LOAD would exhibit reduced executive performance evidenced by increased errors and decreased strategy use on an episodic memory task. We assessed 32 asymptomatic middle-aged O-LOAD and 28 age-equivalent control subjects (CS) with several tests that measure executive functions and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to measure memory performance. All tests were scored using both traditional and process scores (quantification of errors and strategies underlying overall performance). T-tests were used to compare performance between both groups and Spearman correlations were implemented to measure associations between variables. O-LOAD participants exhibited decreased executive performance compared to CS as it relates to initiation time (Tower of London), mental switching (Trail Making Test B), and interference effects (Stroop Word-Color condition). Traditional RAVLT measures showed a poorer performance by O-LOAD and RAVLT process scores revealed increased interference effects on this group. Positive correlations (rs) were found between the executive measures and several RAVLT measures for O-LOAD but not for CS. In conclusion, O-LOAD participants exhibited early subtle cognitive changes in executive processing. Observed memory difficulties may be associated in part to executive deficits suggesting an interplay between memory and executive functions. Process score impairments were observed earlier than clinical decline on neuropsychological scores in this at-risk cohort and might be useful cognitive markers of preclinical LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Abulafia
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Fiorentini
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Rosie Curiel-Cid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Docencia e Investigación. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Physics (FCEyN), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Unidad docente FLENI, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Argentina.
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Ho BL, Lin SF, Chou PS, Hsu CY, Liou LM, Lai CL. Impaired conflict monitoring in cognitive decline. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:70-76. [PMID: 30695708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Resolving conflicts is an important cognitive ability of executive function, and it may decrease with cognitive decline. The flanker task is a practical test used to assess the ability to suppress responses that are inappropriate in a particular context. The aims of the present study were to investigate conflict monitoring of cognitive control in subjects with different levels of cognitive impairment, and clarify the usefulness of the flanker task in screening cognitive decline. We recruited 50 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 34 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 44 mentally healthy elderly subjects as a control group. To evaluate cognitive performance, each participant underwent a neuropsychological assessment using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument and a modified flanker task. Compared with the normal controls and those with MCI, the patients with AD had a significantly lower accuracy rate and longer reaction time in both congruent and incongruent trials. The diagnosis of AD predicted significantly poorer performances on the flanker tasks. Furthermore, behavioral data of the patients with AD were significantly correlated with the results of neuropsychological tests. Our results indicated that executive cognitive deficits in conflict monitoring as detected by the flanker task were significantly impaired in the patients with AD. The flanker task could be a quick and easier alternative tool for screening AD among elderly people with suspicious cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Ho
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Lin
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Song Chou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Lian Lai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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40
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Palermo S, Rainero I, Stanziano M, Vase L, D'Agata F, Rubino E, Fonio P, Sardanelli F, Amanzio M. A novel neurocognitive approach for placebo analgesia in neurocognitive disorders. Exp Gerontol 2019; 118:106-116. [PMID: 30658120 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural correlates of placebo analgesia (PA) in patients with neurocognitive disorders have not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate how and to what extent executive (dys)functions of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) may be related to PA. To this end, twenty-three subjects complaining of different cognitive deficits (from mild cognitive impairment likely due to Alzheimer's disease to mild AD) were recruited. PA was investigated by a well-known experimental venipuncture pain paradigm (open versus hidden [O-H] application of lidocaine). Patients also underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) GO/No-GO task for eliciting selective activation of the MPFC. Selected neuropsychological variables were correlated to the OH-PA paradigm. The association between the fMRI response on the "No-GO" versus "GO" contrast and PA was investigated over the whole-brain by regression analysis. We showed the existence of a relationship between a lower PA and MPFC dysfunctions through the neuropsychological and fMRI assessment. A separate voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis controlled for possible influence of grey matter (GM) volume reduction on both fMRI results and PA. fMRI results were not directly affected by, and therefore independent of, disease-specific GM atrophy, which was indeed located more anteriorly within the rostral anterior cingulate and inversely correlated with PA. Our findings shed new light on the underestimated contribution of executive (dys)functions mediated by the MPFC (response-inhibition, self-monitoring and set-shifting abilities) in PA pathogenesis, with a special purely (i.e. independently from brain structural alterations) functional role played by the MCC. Results are discussed in terms of possible clinical relevance in the management of patients with neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - I Rainero
- Neurology 1st Unit, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Stanziano
- Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Brain Imaging Center, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - L Vase
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F D'Agata
- Brain Imaging Center, Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin, Italy
| | - E Rubino
- Neurology 1st Unit, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - P Fonio
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Radiology Institute, University of Turin, A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Turin, Italy
| | - F Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - M Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Brussels, Belgium
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Hwang YK, Kim E, Kim YB, Kim YW, Nam CM, Cho SH, Kim H. Diagnostic Value of Time-Constrained Naming Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 44:171-181. [PMID: 28869957 DOI: 10.1159/000479149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naming difficulties have recently garnered more interest in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We anticipate that naming tests with the consideration of response time can provide more informative and distinct neuropsychological profiles of individuals with MCI. METHODS Naming tests were administered to 76 elderly individuals with MCI and 149 healthy elderly (HE). We analyzed the impact of MCI on naming performance and occurrence of "delayed" response. We also validated the predictive power of naming tests with a time-constrained scoring system. RESULTS MCI participants performed poorer on the noun naming test than HE participants (p = 0.014). MCI was significantly associated with the occurrence of "delayed" response on the noun (odds ratio [OR] = 3.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78-7.17) and verb naming tests (OR = 4.66; 95% CI = 2.07-10.46). The time-constrained naming scores were significantly better able to distinguish the MCI from the HE group than the conventional spontaneous naming score on both the noun (p < 0.001) and verb (p = 0.002) naming tests. CONCLUSIONS Our findings broaden the knowledge related to the naming ability in individuals with MCI, with respect to the response time. We also confirmed the validity of the naming tests by applying the "delayed" responses as supplementary assessments in the diagnosis of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Hwang
- Graduate Program in Speech and Language Pathology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Fraga FJ, Mamani GQ, Johns E, Tavares G, Falk TH, Phillips NA. Early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's with event-related potentials and event-related desynchronization in N-back working memory tasks. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 164:1-13. [PMID: 30195417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In this study we investigate whether or not event-related potentials (ERP) and/or event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) can be used to differentiate between 27 healthy elderly (HE), 21 subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 15 mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS Using 32-channel EEG recordings, we measured ERP responses to a three-level (N-back, N = 0,1,2) visual working memory task. We also performed ERD analysis over the same EEG data, dividing the full-band signal into the well-known delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Both ERP and ERD analyses were followed by cluster analysis with correction for multicomparisons whenever significant differences were found between groups. RESULTS Regarding ERP (full-band analysis), our findings have shown both patient groups (MCI and AD) with reduced P450 amplitude (compared to HE controls) in the execution of the non-match 1-back task at many scalp electrodes, chiefly at parietal and centro-parietal areas. However, no significant differences were found between MCI and AD in ERP analysis whatever was the task. As for sub-band analyses, ERD/ERS measures revealed that HE subjects elicited consistently greater alpha ERD responses than MCI and AD patients during the 1-back task in the match condition, with all differences located at frontal, central and occipital regions. Moreover, in the non-match condition, it was possible to distinguish between MCI and AD patients when they were performing the 0-back task, with MCI presenting more desynchronization than AD on the theta band at temporal and fronto-temporal areas. In summary, ERD analyses have revealed themselves more valuable than ERP, since they showed significant differences in all three group comparisons: HE vs. MCI, HE vs. AD, and MCI vs. AD. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we conclude that ERD responses to working memory (N-back) tasks could be useful not only for early MCI diagnosis or for improved AD diagnosis, but probably also for assessing the likelihood of MCI progression to AD, after further validated by a longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Fraga
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Godofredo Quispe Mamani
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Erin Johns
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guilherme Tavares
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Falk
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), University of Quebec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie A Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cid-Fernández S, Lindín M, Díaz F. Neurocognitive and Behavioral Indexes for Identifying the Amnestic Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:633-649. [PMID: 28869473 PMCID: PMC5611821 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) subtypes is important for early diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Healthy, single-domain (sdaMCI) and multiple-domain aMCI (mdaMCI) participants performed an auditory-visual distraction-attention task. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while the participants performed the task to evaluate Go/NoGo N2 and P3 ERP components. The results showed the expected behavioral and cognitive decline in mdaMCI participants relative to controls (fewer hits, longer reaction times [RTs], slightly smaller Go-N2 and NoGo-N2 amplitudes), while sdaMCI participants showed some decline (slightly longer RTs, smaller Go- and NoGo-N2 amplitudes) along with some unexpected results (a late positive slow wave, PSW) and good levels of execution. In addition, some of these parameters proved to be useful markers. Thus, the number of hits was the best marker for diagnosing mdaMCI participants (distinguishing them from controls, from sdaMCI participants, and from both groups together), while the PSW amplitude was the best marker for diagnosing sdaMCI participants (distinguishing them from controls, and from control & mdaMCI participants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cid-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Mónica Lindín
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galiza, Spain
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44
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Amanzio M, Palermo S, Zucca M, Rosato R, Rubino E, Leotta D, Bartoli M, Rainero I. Neuropsychological Correlates of Pre-Frailty in Neurocognitive Disorders: A Possible Role for Metacognitive Dysfunction and Mood Changes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:199. [PMID: 29188218 PMCID: PMC5694746 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that cognitive functions in patients with neurocognitive disorders have a significant role in the pathogenic mechanisms of frailty. Although pre-frailty is considered an intermediate, preclinical state, epidemiological research has begun to dislodge cognition and frailty into their specific subcomponents to understand the relationship among them. We aim to analyse the possible association between pre-frailty and neuropsychological variables to outline which factors can contribute to minor and major neurocognitive disorders. Methods 60 subjects complaining of different cognitive deficits underwent a deep-in-wide frailty and neuropsychological assessment. We conducted three multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for a combination of demographic measures and involving several neuropsychological–behavioural parameters selected by the literature on physical frailty. Results We found a significant association between frailty—as measured by the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI)—and action monitoring and monetary gain (cognitive domain), depression and disinhibition (behavioural domain). Moreover, an association between MPI and impaired awareness for instrumental activities disabilities exists. Conclusion We propose a novel framework for understanding frailty associated with metacognitive–executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Palermo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Milena Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Fogarty J, Almklov E, Borrie M, Wells J, Roth RM. Subjective rating of executive functions in mild Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:1184-1191. [PMID: 27454406 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1207750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subjective cognitive decline is considered to be a core feature of pre-Alzheimer's disease (AD) conditions, the vast majority of literature having focused on memory concerns. Neuropsychological studies have implicated executive dysfunction on objective performance measures in AD, but no research has evaluated whether individuals with AD have concerns about their executive functions and whether it differs from their caregiver's concerns. In the present study, we sought to evaluate self- and informant ratings of executive functioning in patients with mild AD. METHOD Participants were 23 patients with mild AD and 32 healthy elderly controls (HC) and their informants who completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult version. RESULTS Patients with AD and their informants reported greater executive dysfunction than the HC group and their informants, respectively, and patients reported greater difficulty than their informants. The largest effect size for both self- and informant ratings was obtained for the Working Memory scale. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that subjective cognitive concerns in mild AD extend beyond the memory domain to executive functions. That greater difficulty was endorsed by patients than their informants suggests that at least in the mild stage of AD some awareness of executive dysfunction may be maintained in some patients. Implications for clinical care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fogarty
- a Department of Psychiatry and Division of Geriatric Medicine , Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada.,b Specialized Geriatric Services , Parkwood Institute , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Erin Almklov
- c Neuropsychology Program, Department of Psychiatry , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Michael Borrie
- a Department of Psychiatry and Division of Geriatric Medicine , Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada.,b Specialized Geriatric Services , Parkwood Institute , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennie Wells
- a Department of Psychiatry and Division of Geriatric Medicine , Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada.,b Specialized Geriatric Services , Parkwood Institute , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Robert M Roth
- c Neuropsychology Program, Department of Psychiatry , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon , NH , USA
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Segkouli S, Paliokas I, Tzovaras D, Lazarou I, Karagiannidis C, Vlachos F, Tsolaki M. A computerized test for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment subtypes in sentence processing. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:829-851. [PMID: 28914150 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1377679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examines thesentence processing ability of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. In addition to standard MCI neuropsychological tests, an experimental approach was applied to assess language. 133 people (93 MCI/40 controls) participated in novel computerized sentence processing tasks. Results presented statistically significant differences between MCI/controls andMCI subtypes (ANOVA):(a) duration F(2,92) = 19.259,p < .001) in sentence construction; (b) correct answers (F(2, 89) = 8.560,p < .001) and duration (F2,89) = 15.525,p < .001)in text comprehension; (c) correct answers (F(2, 92) = 8.975,p < .001) andduration (F(2, 92) = 4.360,p = .016) in metaphoric sentences comprehension; (d) correct answers (F(2, 92) = 12.836,p < .001) andduration (F(2, 92) = 10.974,p < .001) in verb form generation. Subtle changes in MCIsubtypes could affect sentence processing and provide useful information for cognitive decline risk estimation and screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Segkouli
- a Information Technologies Institute-ITI , Centre for Research and Technology Hellas-CERTH , Thessaloniki , Greece.,b Department of Special Education , University of Thessaly , Volos , Greece
| | - Ioannis Paliokas
- a Information Technologies Institute-ITI , Centre for Research and Technology Hellas-CERTH , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tzovaras
- a Information Technologies Institute-ITI , Centre for Research and Technology Hellas-CERTH , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Ioulietta Lazarou
- a Information Technologies Institute-ITI , Centre for Research and Technology Hellas-CERTH , Thessaloniki , Greece.,c 3rd Department of Neurology, General Hospital "G. Papanikolaou", Medical School , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | | | - Filippos Vlachos
- b Department of Special Education , University of Thessaly , Volos , Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- c 3rd Department of Neurology, General Hospital "G. Papanikolaou", Medical School , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece.,d Alzheimer's Day Care Unit "Saint John" , Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Rezvani F, Sayadnasiri M, Rezaei O. The study of memory and executive dysfunction in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori. Neurol Res 2017; 39:953-958. [PMID: 28791919 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1363349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Infectious agents are considered as potential causes of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, evidence of a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease has been observed. The aim of this study was to investigate memory and executive function in H. pylori positive persons not suffering from Alzheimer's or other marked cognitive disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A total 140 participants were selected using purposive sampling from the patients within the age group of 18-60 years old at Fayyaz Bakhsh Hospital, Tehran in spring 2016. The participants were divided into two groups of H. pylori positive and negative according to results of the serologic tests to measure the levels of specific antibodies of IgA and IgG against H. pylori using ELISA method. They were subsequently assessed using two tests of Trail Making (TMT) part A and B and Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square. The level of significance was considered P-value ≤ 0.05. Results Out of 140 participants, there were 41 male (29.3%) and 99 female (70.7%) among which 84 patients (60%) suffered from H. pylori infection (seropositive) and 56 patients (40%) were not infected. Comparison of the results using independent t-test showed a significant difference (P = 0.006) between the memory scores of patients (M: 106, SD: 8.12) and healthy ones (M: 112, SD: 1.12). In addition, the executive function showed there is a significant difference in the executive ability of seropositive individuals in the two age groups of 20-50 years old (Part A: M: 1.36, SD: 7.11, and Part B: M: 8.8, SD: 8.25 p = 0.01) and over 50 years old (Part A: M: 55, SD: 8.20, and Part B: M: 106, SD: 7.22, p = 0.009). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the infected patients have a lower cognitive performance in comparison to healthy individuals. In other words, H. pylori infection increases the prevalence of memory and executive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rezvani
- a Department of Clinical Psychology, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayadnasiri
- b Department of Clinical Sciences , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Omid Rezaei
- c Psychosis Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Callahan BL, Bierstone D, Stuss DT, Black SE. Adult ADHD: Risk Factor for Dementia or Phenotypic Mimic? Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:260. [PMID: 28824421 PMCID: PMC5540971 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has historically been considered a disorder of childhood and adolescence. However, it is now recognized that ADHD symptoms persist into adulthood in up to 60% of individuals. Some of the cognitive symptoms that characterize ADHD (inability to provide sustained attention or mental effort, difficulty organizing or multi-tasking, forgetfulness) may closely resemble symptoms of prodromal dementia, also often referred to as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly in patients over age 50. In addition to the overlap in cognitive symptoms, adults with ADHD and those with MCI may also share a number of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, including sleep disturbances, depression, and anxiety. As a result, both syndromes may be difficult to distinguish clinically in older patients, particularly those who present to memory clinics with subjective cognitive complaints and fear the onset of a neurodegenerative process: is it ADHD, MCI, or both? Currently, it is unclear whether ADHD is associated with incipient dementia or is being misdiagnosed as MCI due to symptom overlap, as there exist data supporting either possibility. Here, we aim to elucidate this issue by outlining three hypothetical ways in which ADHD and MCI might relate to each other, providing an overview of the evidence relevant to each hypothesis, and delineating areas for future research. This is a question of considerable importance, with implications for improved diagnostic specificity of early dementia, improved accuracy of disease prevalence estimates, and better identification of individuals for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Callahan
- Department of Psychology, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain InstituteCalgary, AB, Canada.,Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Bierstone
- LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald T Stuss
- Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute and University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research InstituteToronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute and University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership in Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Can a tablet-based cancellation test identify cognitive impairment in older adults? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181809. [PMID: 28742136 PMCID: PMC5524401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective There has been a growing interest in using computerized cognitive assessment to detect age-related cognitive disorders. We have developed a tablet-based cancellation test (e-CT), previously shown as a reliable measure of executive functions and free of effect of familiarity with computer-based devices in healthy older adults. This study aimed to investigate the influence of demographics and current daily use of computer-based devices in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We further studied the ability of the e-CT to discriminate MCI and AD patients from older adults with normal cognition (NC). Methods The e-CT was administered to 325 older adults (NC = 112, MCI = 129, AD = 84). Subjects also performed the K-T test, a paper-and-pencil cancellation test from which the e-CT was developed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the contribution of demographics and current daily use of computer-based devices on the e-CT in patient groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) were established to compare the efficacy of the e-CT and the K-T test to classify subjects into diagnostic groups. Results In the MCI group, age (B = -0.37, p<0.001) and current daily use of computer-based devices (B = 5.85, p<0.001) were associated with the number of correct cancellations of the e-CT. In the AD group, only current daily use of a computer-based device was a significant contributor (B = 6.28, p<0.001). The e-CT (AUC = 0.811; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.756–0.867) and the K-T (AUC = 0.837; CI: 0.787–0.887) showed good and comparable diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between MCI and NC subjects. To discriminate between NC and AD, both tests showed high diagnostic accuracy, with the AUC values of 0.923 (CI: 0.876–0.971) and 0.929 (95%CI: 0.886–0.972) for the e-CT and the K-T, respectively. Conclusion The e-CT presents satisfying discriminative validity and is a promising tool for detection of early cognitive impairment in older adults.
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Beratis IN, Andronas N, Kontaxopoulou D, Fragkiadaki S, Pavlou D, Papatriantafyllou J, Economou A, Yannis G, Papageorgiou SG. Driving in mild cognitive impairment: The role of depressive symptoms. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2017; 18:470-476. [PMID: 27936937 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1265648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicate a negative association between depression and driving fitness in the general population. Our goal was to cover a gap in the literature and to explore the link between depressive symptoms and driving behavior in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through the use of a driving simulator experiment. METHODS Twenty-four individuals with MCI (mean age = 67.42, SD = 7.13) and 23 cognitively healthy individuals (mean age = 65.13, SD = 7.21) were introduced in the study. A valid driving license and regular car use served as main inclusion criteria. Data collection included a neurological/neuropsychological assessment and a driving simulator evaluation. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS Significant interaction effects indicating a greater negative impact of depressive symptoms in drivers with MCI than in cognitively healthy drivers were observed in the case of various driving indexes, namely, average speed, accident risk, side bar hits, headway distance, headway distance variation, and lateral position variation. The associations between depressive symptoms and driving behavior remained significant after controlling for daytime sleepiness and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms could be a factor explaining why certain patients with MCI present altered driving skills. Therefore, interventions for treating the depressive symptoms of individuals with MCI could prove to be beneficial regarding their driving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion N Beratis
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikos Andronas
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Dionysia Kontaxopoulou
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Stella Fragkiadaki
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Pavlou
- b Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering , School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , Zografou , Athens , Greece
| | - John Papatriantafyllou
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Alexandra Economou
- c Department of Psychology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens , Greece
| | - George Yannis
- b Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering , School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , Zografou , Athens , Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- a Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University General Hospital , Athens , Greece
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