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Wunsch K, Fiedler J, Hubenschmid S, Reiterer H, Renner B, Woll A. An mHealth Intervention Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in a Family Setting (SMARTFAMILY): Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e51201. [PMID: 38669071 PMCID: PMC11087865 DOI: 10.2196/51201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous smartphone apps are targeting physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE), but empirical evidence on their effectiveness for the initialization and maintenance of behavior change, especially in children and adolescents, is still limited. Social settings influence individual behavior; therefore, core settings such as the family need to be considered when designing mobile health (mHealth) apps. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory- and evidence-based mHealth intervention (called SMARTFAMILY [SF]) targeting PA and HE in a collective family-based setting. METHODS A smartphone app based on behavior change theories and techniques was developed, implemented, and evaluated with a cluster randomized controlled trial in a collective family setting. Baseline (t0) and postintervention (t1) measurements included PA (self-reported and accelerometry) and HE measurements (self-reported fruit and vegetable intake) as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes (self-reported) were intrinsic motivation, behavior-specific self-efficacy, and the family health climate. Between t0 and t1, families of the intervention group (IG) used the SF app individually and collaboratively for 3 consecutive weeks, whereas families in the control group (CG) received no treatment. Four weeks following t1, a follow-up assessment (t2) was completed by participants, consisting of all questionnaire items to assess the stability of the intervention effects. Multilevel analyses were implemented in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) to acknowledge the hierarchical structure of persons (level 1) clustered in families (level 2). RESULTS Overall, 48 families (CG: n=22, 46%, with 68 participants and IG: n=26, 54%, with 88 participants) were recruited for the study. Two families (CG: n=1, 2%, with 4 participants and IG: n=1, 2%, with 4 participants) chose to drop out of the study owing to personal reasons before t0. Overall, no evidence for meaningful and statistically significant increases in PA and HE levels of the intervention were observed in our physically active study participants (all P>.30). CONCLUSIONS Despite incorporating behavior change techniques rooted in family life and psychological theories, the SF intervention did not yield significant increases in PA and HE levels among the participants. The results of the study were mainly limited by the physically active participants and the large age range of children and adolescents. Enhancing intervention effectiveness may involve incorporating health literacy, just-in-time adaptive interventions, and more advanced features in future app development. Further research is needed to better understand intervention engagement and tailor mHealth interventions to individuals for enhanced effectiveness in primary prevention efforts. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00010415; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00010415. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/20534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janis Fiedler
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hubenschmid
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald Reiterer
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Renner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Shahril MR, Unal TI, Wong JE, Sharif R, Koh D, Lee ST, Poh BK. Results from the Malaysia 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 21:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Dias AF, Brand C, Norkiene S, Abreu S, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Lopes L, Moreira C, Mota J, Santos R. Adherence to Southern European Atlantic Diet and physical fitness on the atherogenic index of plasma in adolescents. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00200418. [PMID: 31800788 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought (i) to evaluate the associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF) and Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEADiet) with atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and (ii) to investigate de combined association of MF, CRF and SEADiet on AIP in adolescents. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 493 adolescents (285 girls and 208 boys) aged 15-18 years, from the Portuguese Azorean Archipelago. CRF was measured by shuttle run test and MF by curl up and push up tests. Adherence to SEADiet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The AIP was estimated as log (TG/HDL-C). Measures of pubertal stage and socioeconomic status were assessed. Linear regression showed a significant inverse association between MF (standardized β = -0.165; p < 0.001), CRF (standardized β = -0.081; p < 0.030) and SEADiet (standardized β = -0.081; p < 0.045) with AIP, after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage and parental education. Furthermore, participants classified with an optimal as well as those with low adherence to a SEADiet but with LowMF/LowCRF had on average the highest AIP (F(7.482) = 3.270; p = 0.002). Moreover, optimal SEADiet with HighMF/HighCRF group showed the lowest AIP when compared with those with low adherence to a SEADiet with HighMF/HighCRF group (p = 0.03). AIP is inversely associated with MF, CRF and SEADiet. The low MF combined with a low CRF levels seems to overcome the potential healthy effect of having an optimal adherence to the SEADiet on AIP. However, an optimal adherence to SEADiet seems to improve the AIP in those adolescents with high fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.,Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arieli Fernandes Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Sigute Norkiene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Sandra Abreu
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Luís Lopes
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Moreira
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Santos R, Rosário R, Moreira C, Lopes L, Mota J, Martinkenas A, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Optimal Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet May Not Overcome the Deleterious Effects of Low Physical Fitness on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Pooled Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070815. [PMID: 29941782 PMCID: PMC6073276 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on cardiovascular risk in adolescents, a pooled study, including cross-sectional data from two projects [2477 adolescents (1320 girls) aged 12–18 years], was completed. A shuttle run test was used to assess CRF. MF was assessed by the standing-long jump and handgrip tests. Adherence to a MeDiet was assessed by the Kidmed questionnaire. A cardiovascular risk score was computed from the following components: Age and sex, waist circumference, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and glucose. Analysis of covariance showed that participants classified as having optimal (High) adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, as well those classified as low adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, had, on average, the lowest cardiovascular risk score (F = 15.6; p < 0.001). In addition, the high adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/LowCRF group had the highest odds of having a high cardiovascular risk (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 3.4–15.1; p < 0.001), followed by the low adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/LowCRF group (OR = 3.7; 95% CI: 2.2–6.3; p < 0.001), high adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/LowCRF group (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.4–7.0; p = 0.006), and low adherence to a MeDiet/LowMF/HighCRF group (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.5–4.4; p = 0.002) when compared to those with high adherence to a MeDiet/HighMF/HighCRF, after adjustments for potential confounders. In conclusion, our findings showed that, regardless of the MeDiet status, adolescents with low MF and low CRF cumulatively, presented the highest cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, these findings suggest that the combination of these two fitness components may be beneficial to adolescents’ cardiometabolic profile, independent of MeDiet behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of the South of Brazil, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-91274 Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Rafaela Rosário
- School of Nursing, Research Centre in Child Studies, University of Minho, 4710 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Carla Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Lopes
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arvydas Martinkenas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-91274 Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios Para la Medición de la Actividad Física CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios Para la Medición de la Actividad Física CEMA, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia.
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Ferrari GLDM, Araújo T, Oliveira LC, Matsudo VKR, Mire E, Barreira T, Tudor-Locke C, Katzmarzyk PT. Accelerometer-determined peak cadence and weight status in children from São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:3689-3698. [PMID: 29211174 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320172211.21962015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peak cadence indicators and body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%)-defined weight status in children. The sample comprised 485 Brazilian children. Minute-by-minute step data from accelerometry were rank ordered for each day to identify the peak 1-minute, 30-minute and 60-minute cadence values. Data were described by BMI-defined and bioelectrical impedance-determined BF% weight status. BMI-defined normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (115.5 versus 110.6 and 106.6 steps/min), 30-minute (81.0 versus 77.5 and 74.0 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (67.1 versus 63.4 and 60.7 steps/min) than overweight and obese children (p<.0001), respectively. Defined using %BF, normal weight children had higher peak 1-minute (114.5 versus 106.1 steps/min), 30-minute (80.4 versus 73.1 steps/min) and 60-minute cadence (66.5 versus 59.9 steps/min) than obese children (p<.0001). Similar relationships were observed in boys; however, only peak 1- minute cadence differed significantly across BMI and %BF-defined weight status categories in girls. Peak cadence indicators were negatively associated with BMI and BF% in these schoolchildren and significantly higher among normal weight compared to overweight or obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Estudos, Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul. R. Heloísa Pamplona 269, Fundação. 09520-320 São Caetano do Sul SP Brasil. .,Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao Adolescente, Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Timóteo Araújo
- Centro de Estudos, Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul. R. Heloísa Pamplona 269, Fundação. 09520-320 São Caetano do Sul SP Brasil.
| | - Luis Carlos Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos, Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul. R. Heloísa Pamplona 269, Fundação. 09520-320 São Caetano do Sul SP Brasil.
| | - Victor Keihan Rodrigues Matsudo
- Centro de Estudos, Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul. R. Heloísa Pamplona 269, Fundação. 09520-320 São Caetano do Sul SP Brasil.
| | - Emily Mire
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Baton Rouge LA EUA
| | - Tiago Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Baton Rouge LA EUA.,Syracuse University. New York NY EUA
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Correlates of compliance with recommended levels of physical activity in children. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16507. [PMID: 29184164 PMCID: PMC5705644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe children’s daily compliance with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations across a week in different parts of the world, and to identify individual- and school-level correlates that may explain differences in daily MVPA compliance. The sample included 6553 children aged 9–11 years from 12 countries, and multilevel statistical analyses were used, including both child- and school-level variables. Most children did not comply with the MVPA guidelines on a daily basis: Chinese children complied the least, whereas Finnish, Australian, Colombian, UK, and Kenyan children complied the most. Boys (rate ratio [RR] = 1.47) and children with higher unhealthy diet scores (RR = 1.08) complied more, but overweight/obese children (RR = 0.81), earlier maturing children (RR = 0.93), and those who spent more time in screen activities (RR = 0.98) and sleeping (RR = 0.96) had the lowest compliance. At the school level, children with access to playground or sport equipment (RR = 0.88, for both) tended to comply less, whereas those with access to a gymnasium outside the school hours complied more with the MVPA guidelines (RR = 1.14). Significant between-country differences in children’s daily MVPA compliance were observed, reflecting not only site characteristics, but also the importance of individual traits and local school contexts.
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Zhou H, Shi T, Yan J, Chen X, Liao L, Zhao S, Fang H, Zhuang R. Effects of activated carbon N-acetylcysteine sustained-release microcapsule on dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression in young rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4737-4744. [PMID: 29201174 PMCID: PMC5704329 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has become the most common liver disease influencing adolescent health and one of the most influencing chronic liver diseases among children in Chinese wealthy families, particularly in coastal regions. However, the medicine available for the treatment of NAFLD is deficient. In order to solve this problem, our team studied the activated carbon N-acetylcysteine (NAC) sustained-release microcapsule, which improves the oxidation resistance, bioavailability and drug stability of acetylcysteine and reduces toxic and side effects. In addition, it accords with the characteristics of medication in infants and children. The present study mainly discusses whether the activated carbon NAC sustained-release microcapsule has effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity and protein in young rats with NAFLD, and whether it has the effect of an DPPIV inhibitor, hoping to provide new thoughts and methods with respect of basic studies on young rats with NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Li Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
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Wadolowska L, Kowalkowska J, Lonnie M, Czarnocinska J, Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Babicz-Zielinska E. Associations between physical activity patterns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls aged 13-21 years: a cross-sectional study (GEBaHealth Project). BMC Public Health 2016; 16:698. [PMID: 27485607 PMCID: PMC4971681 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to other countries, trends of decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) and an increasing prevalence of unhealthy dietary patterns are observed among girls in Poland. Better understanding of potentially inter-related behaviours within this population can help to design tailored interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls. METHODS Girls aged 13-21 years (n = 1107) were randomly selected for the study. PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long (IPAQ-L). Dietary data were collected with food frequency questionnaires. PA patterns and dietary patterns were drawn separately by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Logistic regression was used to find the associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns. RESULTS Four major PA patterns ('School/work activity', 'Active recreation', 'Yard activity' and 'Walking and domestic activity') and four dietary patterns ('Traditional Polish', 'Fruit & vegetables', 'Fast food & sweets' and 'Dairy & fats') were identified. Level of PA was the highest in the upper tertile of 'School/work activity' pattern (mean 1372.2 MET-minutes/week, 95 % Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1285.9-1458.5). Girls in upper tertiles of 'Yard activity', 'Active recreation' and 'School/work activity' patterns had significantly higher chances of being in the upper tertile of the 'Fruit and vegetables' dietary pattern (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.50-3.14, p < 0.0001; OR 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.41-2.91; p < 0.001 and OR 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.24-2.51, p < 0.01 respectively; all adjusted for confounders) in comparison to bottom tertiles. Weak, but significant inverse associations were found between upper tertiles of 'Active recreation' and 'Yard activity' patterns and unhealthy dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS We found associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in the population of Polish girls. Girls with the highest adherence to the 'School/work activity' pattern had the highest levels of PA and presented pro-healthy dietary behaviours. School should be recognised as potentially efficient and important setting to maximise girls' PA potential. The after-school time is the area that should also be targeted to increase daily PA or to at least sustain the level of PA after completing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Lonnie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Czarnocinska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Organisation and Consumption Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Babicz-Zielinska
- Department of Trade and Services, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
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Loprinzi PD. Association between accelerometer-determined physical activity and flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetable consumption among a national sample of U.S. adults. Prev Med Rep 2015; 3:58-61. [PMID: 26844189 PMCID: PMC4733069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Few population studies have examined the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and dietary behavior. Further, no studies have systematically examined the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables in a national sample. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and consumption of flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables among a national sample of U.S. adults. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used (N = 2949). Physical activity was measured via accelerometry and fruit and vegetable consumption was measured from the NHANES Food Frequency Questionnaire. After adjustments, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was positively associated (p < 0.05) with apples (β = 0.30), grapes (β = 0.27), strawberries (β = 0.32), oranges (β = 0.35), raw greens (β = 0.19), carrots (β = 0.23), peppers (β = 0.29) and an overall flavonoid index variable (β = 2.34). Future studies employing a longitudinal design are needed to better understand the direction of the observed associations. If future studies do indeed support the possibility that physical activity may help to foster changes in dietary behavior, then this will have strong implications for health behavior interventions, particularly among individuals finding it difficult to change multiple health behaviors concurrently. A national sample was employed. An objective measure of physical activity was used. More active adults consumed more flavonoid-rich fruits/vegetables. Mechanistic work on this topic is needed.
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Emmett PM, Jones LR. Diet, growth, and obesity development throughout childhood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Nutr Rev 2015; 73 Suppl 3:175-206. [PMID: 26395342 PMCID: PMC4586450 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Publications from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children covering diet, growth, and obesity development during childhood are reviewed. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaires and food records. Growth data were collected by routine measurements, and in standardized clinics, body fatness was assessed by bioelectrical impedance and DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scans. Diets changed dramatically during the preschool period with an increase in the intake of free (added) sugars (12.3% rising to 16.4% of energy) that remained similar until adolescence. This was due to increased intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Two periods of rapid growth were identified; infancy and mid-childhood (ages 7-11 y) and both were associated with obesity development. Diets with high energy density were associated with increasing fat mass from mid-childhood until adolescence. Genetic and dietary factors showed independent associations with increasing adiposity. At all ages studied, there were dietary inequalities related to maternal educational attainment that may influence inequalities found in obesity development. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children has provided valuable insights into how disparities in diet and growth may affect the development of ill health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Emmett
- P.M. Emmett is with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise R Jones
- P.M. Emmett is with the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.L.R. Jones is with the School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Challenges in finding and measuring behavioural determinants of childhood obesity in Europe. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2015; 23:87-94. [PMID: 25798371 PMCID: PMC4359273 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-015-0657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim Childhood obesity is an important concern for child health. However, despite widespread concern about the increase in childhood obesity, its causes are not monitored systematically in Europe. In 2007, the Scientific Platform Project on Lifestyle Determinants of Obesity identified routine data sources nationally available in European countries to measure childhood obesity. This work was revisited in 2014 to monitor any progress made. Subject and methods In 2007, a literature review and project discussion resulted in a list of desirable indicators that could be collected in Europe to describe child populations at risk of overweight and obesity. Participants from EU member states, the EEA, Croatia, Macedonia and Turkey set out to discover which countries collected these indicators. Eight years later, a literature search sought to establish if the surveillance of children’s nutrition and physical activity behaviour had changed. Results In 2007, no countries collected all variables for all ages, leading to major gaps in knowledge. A literature search carried out in 2014 suggests that this is unchanged. There remains inconsistency of data surveillance in Europe, and disagreement on which age groups to collect data from or how to define obesity and overweight. Conclusion There is a lack of consistent data collection on upstream influences on obesity. The true causes of the childhood obesity epidemic remain undiscovered, and the ability of research to identify effective prevention and treatment methods is compromised.
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Basterfield L, Jones AR, Parkinson KN, Reilly J, Pearce MS, Reilly JJ, Adamson AJ. Physical activity, diet and BMI in children aged 6-8 years: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005001. [PMID: 24902732 PMCID: PMC4054632 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess relationships between current physical activity (PA), dietary intake and body mass index (BMI) in English children. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal birth cohort study in northeast England, cross-sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS 425 children (41% of the original cohort) aged 6-8 years (49% boys). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PA over 7 days was measured objectively by an accelerometer; three categories of PA were created: 'active' ≥60 min/day moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA); 'moderately active' 30-59 min/day MVPA; 'inactive' <30 min/day MVPA. Dietary intake over 4 days was measured using a prospective dietary assessment tool which incorporated elements of the food diary and food frequency methods. Three diet categories were created: 'healthy', 'unhealthy' and 'mixed', according to the number of portions of different foods consumed. Adherence to the '5-a-day' recommendations for portions of fruit and vegetables was also assessed. Children were classified as 'healthy weight' or 'overweight or obese' (OW/OB) according to International Obesity Taskforce cutpoints for BMI. Associations between weight status and PA/diet categories were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS Few children met the UK-recommended guidelines for either MVPA or fruit and vegetable intake, with just 7% meeting the recommended amount of MVPA of 60 min/day, and 3% meeting the 5-a-day fruit and vegetable recommendation. Higher PA was associated with a lower OR for OW/OB in boys only (0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.88). There was no association detected between dietary intake and OW/OB in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Increasing MVPA may help to reduce OW/OB in boys; however, more research is required to examine this relationship in girls. Children are not meeting the UK guidelines for diet and PA, and more needs to be done to improve this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Basterfield
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Angela R Jones
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kathryn N Parkinson
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jessica Reilly
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley J Adamson
- Institute of Health & Society, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Millar L, Rowland B, Nichols M, Swinburn B, Bennett C, Skouteris H, Allender S. Relationship between raised BMI and sugar sweetened beverage and high fat food consumption among children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:E96-103. [PMID: 24318968 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longitudinal evidence of relationships between unhealthy diets and BMI in children is crucial for appropriately targeting obesity prevention activities. The objective was to determine the relationship between frequency of consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and high fat foods (HFFs) and body weight in Australian children aged from 4 to 10 years. METHODS Data from 4,164 children participating in four waves (wave 1, 2004; wave 2, 2006; wave 3, 2008; and wave 4, 2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analyzed. A multi-level growth model tested relationships between consumption of SSB and HFF and BMI z-scores. RESULTS BMI z-scores were associated with daily consumption of HFF, SSB and maternal BMI independent of BMI z-scores at wave 1 (baseline); with each additional occurrence of SSB and HFF consumption intake per day, BMI z-score increased by 0.015 U (P < 0.01) and 0.014 U (P < 0.001), respectively. With each additional maternal BMI unit, BMI z-score increased by 0.032 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI z-scores were strongly associated with the consumption of SSBs and HFFs. Future efforts to prevent obesity should consider urgent action to address the impact of the consumption of SSBs and HFFs in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Millar
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Vissers P, Jones A, van Sluijs E, Jennings A, Welch A, Cassidy A, Griffin S. Association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old British White children. Public Health 2013; 127:231-40. [PMID: 23332733 PMCID: PMC3712184 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study using data from the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study undertaken in Norfolk, UK. METHODS Data from 4-day food diaries and 7 days of accelerometery were matched on concurrent days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), time spent in sedentary behaviour and various measures of dietary intake were collected. Covariates included age, sex, weight status, family socio-economic status, and energy intake reporting quality. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for clustering of children by school and stratified by sex, were fitted to examine the associations between dietary measures and physical activity and sedentary outcomes. RESULTS In total, 1317 children (584 boys and 733 girls) provided concurrent data. Boys in the highest quartile of energy percentage from protein spent approximately 6 min [95% confidence interval (CI) 0-12] less in MVPA compared with boys in the lowest quartile. Those in the highest quartiles of fruit and vegetable intake and fruit juice intake had respective average activity counts per minute that were 56 above (95% CI 8-105) and 48 below (95% CI 2-95) those in the lowest quartiles, whilst those in the highest quartile of fizzy drink consumption spent approximately 7 min (95% CI 2-13) more in MVPA and approximately 14 min (95% CI 5-24 min) less in sedentary behaviour. Boys in the highest quartile of savoury snack consumption spent approximately 8 min (95% CI 2-13 min) more in MVPA per day, and approximately 12 min (95% CI 2-23) less in sedentary behaviour. No significant associations were apparent among girls. CONCLUSIONS Few associations were detected, and the directions of those that were apparent were mainly counterintuitive. The extent to which this reflects a true lack of association or is associated with the measurement methods used for diet and physical activity needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.A.J. Vissers
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - A.P. Jones
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - A. Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A. Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S.J. Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Cuenca-García M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, Labayen I, Jago R, Martínez-Gómez D, Dallongeville J, Bel-Serrat S, Marcos A, Manios Y, Breidenassel C, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Ferrari M, Kafatos A, Molnár D, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M. Combined influence of healthy diet and active lifestyle on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:553-62. [PMID: 23237548 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the combined influence of diet quality and physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents, adolescents (n = 1513; 12.5-17.5 years) participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study were studied. Dietary intake was registered using a 24-h recall and a diet quality index was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Lifestyle groups were computed as: healthy diet and active, unhealthy diet but active, healthy diet but inactive, and unhealthy diet and inactive. CVD risk factor measurements included cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity indicators, blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. A CVD risk score was computed. The healthy diet and active group had a healthier cardiorespiratory profile, fat mass index (FMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (all P ≤ 0.05). Overall, active adolescents showed higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower FMI, TC/HDL-C ratio, and homeostasis model assessment index and healthier blood pressure than their inactive peers with either healthy or unhealthy diet (all P ≤ 0.05). Healthy diet and active group had healthier CVD risk score compared with the inactive groups (all P ≤ 0.02). Thus, a combination of healthy diet and active lifestyle is associated with decreased CVD risk in adolescents. Moreover, an active lifestyle may reduce the adverse consequences of an unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuenca-García
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Institute of Karolinska, Huddinge, Sweden
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Ledoux TA, Watson K, Barnett A, Nguyen NT, Baranowski JC, Baranowski T. Components of the diet associated with child adiposity: a cross-sectional study. J Am Coll Nutr 2012; 30:536-46. [PMID: 22331689 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10720000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine which components of youths' diets were related to adiposity while controlling for potential often-neglected confounders such as moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and dietary reporting error. Secondary goals of this study were to determine the extent to which MVPA confounded the associations between diet and adiposity and whether associations between diet and adiposity would differ depending on reporting error. METHODS An ethnically diverse urban sample of 342 children aged 9-10 years and 323 adolescents aged 17-18 years were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured in the school; dietary assessment included three 24-hour recalls via telephone in the evenings, and MVPA assessment included 5 days of accelerometry. Over (n = 68), under (n = 250), or plausible (n = 347) dietary intake reporters were identified with the Huang calculation method. Linear regression assessed the relationship between adiposity indicators (BMI z-score and WC) and components of the diet (energy intake, food groups, macronutrients) after controlling for reporting error, demographic variables, and MVPA. RESULTS When dietary reporting error and potential confounders such as MVPA and demographic variables were controlled, energy intake (EI), vegetables, refined grains, total fat, total protein, and total carbohydrate were positively related to BMI z-score and WC and artificially sweetened beverages to WC. MVPA was a significant confounder. For BMI z-score, but not WC, relationships and strength of these relationships differed depending on dietary reporting error group (plausible, underreporter, overreporter). CONCLUSIONS Among plausible reporters, as expected, EI, refined grains, and all macronutrients were positively related to adiposity; however, artificially sweetened beverages and vegetables, which are low-energy-dense foods, were also positively related to adiposity. Reporting error interfered with associations between diet and BMI z-score but not WC, suggesting WC is a more robust measure of adiposity in relation to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Ledoux
- Children's Nutrition Research Center USDA/ARS, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Grieger JA, Scott J, Cobiac L. Cluster analysis and food group consumption in a national sample of Australian girls. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011; 25:75-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martinez-Gomez D, Moreno LA, Romeo J, Rey-López P, Castillo R, Cabero MJ, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Gutiérrez A, Veiga OL. Combined influence of lifestyle risk factors on body fat in Spanish adolescents--the Avena study. Obes Facts 2011; 4:105-11. [PMID: 21577017 PMCID: PMC6444635 DOI: 10.1159/000327686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the combined influence of four lifestyle risk factors related to physical activity, television viewing, sleep duration, and meal frequency on body fat (BF) in adolescents. METHOD This cross-sectional study comprised 1,310 Spanish adolescents (age 13-18.5 years). Lifestyle variables were self-reported and BF indicators (weight, height, six skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference) measured during the years 2000-2002. Lifestyle risk factors were: physically inactive, ≥ 3 h/day watching television, <8 h/day sleep duration, and <5 meals a day. The number of lifestyle risk factors was calculated for each participant, ranging from 0 to 4. RESULTS The number of lifestyle risk factors was positively associated with sum of six skinfolds, %BF, waist circumference, and waist-height ratio (all p < 0.001). The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of overweight (including obesity) for groups with 1, 2, and 3-4 lifestyle risk factors compared with those with 0 were 2.86 (1.77-4.62), 3.61 (2.16-6.04), and 5.81 (3.07-10.99), respectively (p for trend <0.001). All the observations were independent of age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and fat free mass. CONCLUSION The combined influence of four lifestyle risk factors is positively associated with BF and an approximately sixfold risk of overweight in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez-Gomez
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Behavioural correlates of active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS (Physical Activity as a Preventive Measure Against Overweight, Obesity, Infections, Allergies, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents) study. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:1779-86. [PMID: 21281540 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010003253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between lifestyle factors and active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Lifestyle factors (overall/extracurricular physical activity, television viewing, reading as a hobby, sleep duration, breakfast/fruit intake, smoking and alcohol intake) as well as mode and duration of commuting to school were self-reported. Active commuters were defined as those adolescents who walked or cycled to school. SETTING Secondary schools in Madrid, Spain. SUBJECTS Adolescents (n 2029) aged 13 to 17 years. RESULTS Similar percentages of adolescent boys (57·6 %) and girls (56·1 %) were classified as active commuters to school (P = 0·491). The analysis showed that only adequate sleep duration (OR = 1·35, 95 % CI 1·11, 1·66; P = 0·003) and breakfast consumption (OR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·87; P = 0·004) were independently associated with active commuting to school. CONCLUSIONS Only those behaviours that occur immediately before commuting to school (sleep and breakfast) are associated with active commuting in Spanish adolescents.
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