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Marlow AL, Lawrence CM, Smith TA, Wynne K, King BR, Smart CE. Modifiable lifestyle risk factors for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111724. [PMID: 38821415 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to identify and report epidemiological associations between modifiable lifestyle risk factors for overweight or obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A systematic literature search of medical databases from 1990 to 2023 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were observational studies reporting on associations between dietary factors, disordered eating, physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours and measures of adiposity in children and adolescents (<18 years) with T1D. Thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were mostly cross-sectional (89 %), and 13 studies included adolescents up to 19 years which were included in this analysis. In adolescents with T1D, higher adiposity was positively associated with disordered eating behaviours (DEB) and a higher than recommended total fat and lower carbohydrate intake. A small amount of evidence suggested a positive association with skipping meals, and negative associations with diet quality and sleep stage. There were no published associations between overweight and physical activity, sedentary behaviours and eating disorders. Overall, the findings infer relationships between DEB, fat and carbohydrate intake and adiposity outcomes in people with T1D. Prospective studies are needed to determine causal relationships and to investigate sleep stages. High quality studies objectively measuring physical activity and include body composition outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Marlow
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Lawrence
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Tenele A Smith
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Katie Wynne
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Bruce R King
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Carmel E Smart
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
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de Mello GT, Minatto G, Costa RM, Leech RM, Cao Y, Lee RE, Silva KS. Clusters of 24-hour movement behavior and diet and their relationship with health indicators among youth: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1080. [PMID: 38637757 PMCID: PMC11027390 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Movement-related behaviors (physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) and diet interact with each other and play important roles in health indicators in youth. This systematic review aimed to investigate how PA, SB, sleep, and diet cluster in youth by biological sex; and to examine which cluster are associated with health indicators. This study was registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD42018094826). Five electronic databases were assessed. Eligibility criteria allowed studies that included youth (aged 19 years and younger), and only the four behaviors {PA, SB, sleep, and diet (ultra-processed foods [UPF]; fruits and vegetables [FV])} analyzed by applying data-based cluster procedures. From 12,719 articles screened; 23 were included. Of these, four investigated children, and ten identified clusters by biological sex. Sixty-six mixed cluster were identified including, 34 in mixed-sex samples, 10 in boys and 11 in girls. The most frequent clusters in mixed-sex samples were "High SB UPF Low Sleep", "Low PA High SB Satisfactory Sleep", and "High PA". The main difference in profiles according to sex was that girls' clusters were characterized by high sleep duration, whereas boys' clusters by high PA. There were a few associations found between cluster types and health indicators, highlighting that youth assigned to cluster types with low PA exhibited higher adiposity. In conclusion, the youth presented a range of clusters of behaviors, typically exhibiting at least one unhealthy behavior. Similar patterns were observed in both sexes with the biggest difference in time of sleep for girls and PA for boys. These findings underscore the importance of intervention strategies targeting multiple behaviors simultaneously to enhance health risk profiles and indicators in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielli T de Mello
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Giseli Minatto
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Costa
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yingting Cao
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Argawu AS, Muniswamy B, Punyavathi B. Analyzing Children's Weight Growth Variations and Associated Factors in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam: Using Fractional Polynomial Mixed-Effects Model. Ethiop J Health Sci 2024; 34:27-38. [PMID: 38957340 PMCID: PMC11217795 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v34i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Children's growth is increasingly considered a key mediator of later life outcomes. When examining weight growth, the correlation between repeated observations on the same subject must be regarded as well-modelled. This study aimed to analyze children's weight growth variations and associated factors in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam using a fractional polynomial mixed-effects model. Methods This study used longitudinal data from the Young Lives Cohort Study conducted from 2002 to 2016 in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam. The study included 7,140 children of 1 to 15 years old A fractional polynomial mixed-effects model was used to analyze the data. Results Ethiopian, Peruvian, and Vietnamese children had significantly higher average body weights than children in India (1.426, P<0.001; 1.992, P<0.001; 1.334, P<0.001, respectively). Girl children's average body weight was significantly 0.15 times less than that of boys (-0.148; P=0.027). The average weight of rural children was significantly 0.671 times less than that of urban children (0.671, P<0.001). Children from Peru and Vietnam had higher rates of weight change than those from India. However, the rate of weight change was lower in Ethiopian children than in Indian children. Children from urban areas had a significantly higher rate of weight gain than those from rural areas. Conclusion Country, sex, residence, parental education, household size, wealth, good drinking water, and reliable power affected children's longitudinal weight growth. Therefore, WHO and the nation's health ministry should monitor children's weight growth status and these associated factors to plan future action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Muniswamy
- Department of Statistics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, India
| | - B Punyavathi
- Department of Statistics, College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, India
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Mannino A, Sarapis K, Mourouti N, Karaglani E, Anastasiou CA, Manios Y, Moschonis G. The Association of Maternal Weight Status throughout the Life-Course with the Development of Childhood Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the Healthy Growth Study Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:4602. [PMID: 37960255 PMCID: PMC10649313 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal weight-status at various time-points may influence child obesity development, however the most critical time-point remains unidentified. We used data from the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional study of 2666 Greek schoolchildren aged 9-13 years, exploring associations between childhood obesity and maternal weight-status at pre-pregnancy, during pregnancy/gestational weight gain, and at the child's pre-adolescence. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between maternal weight-status being "below" or "above" the recommended cut-off points (WHO BMI thresholds or IOM cut-off points), at the three time-points, individually or combined into weight-status trajectory groups to determine the strongest associations with child obesity in pre-adolescence. Adjusted models found significant associations and the highest odds ratios [95% Confidence Intervals] for mothers affected by obesity before pregnancy (4.16 [2.47, 7.02]), those with excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy (1.50 [1.08, 2.08]), and those affected by obesity at their child's pre-adolescence (3.3 [2.29, 4.87]). When combining these weight-status groups, mothers who were above-above-below (3.24 [1.10, 9.55]), and above-above-above (3.07 [1.95, 4.85]) the healthy weight recommendation-based thresholds in each time-point, had a three-fold higher likelihood of child obesity, compared to the below-below-below trajectory group. Maternal obesity across all examined time-points was significantly associated with childhood obesity. Effective childhood obesity preventive initiatives should commence at pre-conception, targeting maternal weight throughout the life-course and childhood developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mannino
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katerina Sarapis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Niki Mourouti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Sitia, Greece
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Costas A. Anastasiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (N.M.); (E.K.); (C.A.A.); (Y.M.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (A.M.); (K.S.)
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D’Souza NJ, Downing K, Zheng M, Abbott G, Lioret S, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between behavioural patterns and adiposity in school-aged children. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1840-1849. [PMID: 37271724 PMCID: PMC10478049 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300112x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioural patterns are important in understanding the synergistic effect of multiple health behaviours on childhood adiposity. Most previous evidence assessing associations between patterns and adiposity were cross-sectional and investigated two or three behaviour domains within patterns. This study aimed to identify behavioural patterns comprising four behaviour domains and investigate associations with adiposity risk in children. DESIGN Parent-report and accelerometry data were used to capture daily dietary, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep data. Variables were standardised and included in the latent profile analysis to derive behavioural patterns. Trained researchers measured children's height, weight and waist circumference using standardised protocols. Associations of patterns and adiposity measures were tested using multiple linear regression. SETTING Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 337 children followed up at 6-8 years (T2) and 9-11 years (T3). RESULTS Three patterns derived at 6-8 years were broadly identified to be healthy, unhealthy and mixed patterns. Patterns at 9-11 years were dissimilar except for the unhealthy pattern. Individual behaviours characterising the patterns varied over time. No significant cross-sectional or prospective associations were observed with adiposity at both time points; however, children displaying the unhealthy pattern had higher adiposity measures than other patterns. CONCLUSION Three non-identical patterns were identified at 6-8 and 9-11 years. The individual behaviours that characterised patterns (dominant behaviours) at both ages are possible drivers of the patterns obtained and could explain the lack of associations with adiposity. Identifying individual behaviour pattern drivers and strategic intervention are key to maintain and prevent the decline of healthy patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka J D’Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE, 75004Paris, France
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood3125, VIC, Australia
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Androutsos O, Tsiampalis T, Kouvari M, Manou M, Dimopoulou M, Georgiou A, Kosti RI, Charmandari E. Assessment of Diet Quality in Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1261. [PMID: 37508758 PMCID: PMC10378587 DOI: 10.3390/children10071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of healthy nutritional habits constitutes one of the most important determinants of healthy growth and development in childhood. Few studies in Greece have examined children's diet quality using diet indices. The present study aimed to assess the diet quality of a large cohort of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Study participants (n = 1335), aged 2-18, were recruited through the Out-patient Clinic for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece. Anthropometric, socio-demographic, and behavioral data were collected using standard methods and equipment. The Diet Quality Index (DQI), which includes four subcomponents (i.e., dietary diversity, dietary quality, dietary equilibrium, and meal index), was calculated to assess each subject's diet quality. According to the results of this study, children's total DQI score was 63.1%. It was observed that 66.7% of the children had at least moderate diet quality (total DQI ≥ 59.34%). Boys had higher values of the total DQI and certain components of the DQI (i.e., dietary equilibrium score and meal index) compared to girls. Three out of ten children with overweight/obesity had poor diet quality (i.e., DQI ≤ 59.33). Younger children (2-5 years old) were found to have the lowest values of dietary equilibrium compared to older children (6-9 and 12-18 years old). Moreover, boys had higher values of the total DQI score and of specific components of this index (i.e., dietary equilibrium and meal index) compared to girls. Children living in urban areas had higher values in the dietary quality score compared to those living in rural areas. Children with overweight had higher values of the dietary quality score and the total DQI score compared to children with obesity. The present study highlighted that children and adolescents with overweight or obesity have poor diet quality. Multilevel and higher intensity interventions should be designed specifically for this group to achieve tangible outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Maria Manou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rena I Kosti
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zheng M, Hesketh KD, McNaughton SA, Salmon J, Crawford D, Cameron AJ, Lioret S, Campbell KJ. Quantifying the overall impact of an early childhood multi-behavioural lifestyle intervention. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12861. [PMID: 34658152 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall impact of interventions targeting multiple behaviours remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES This study adopted an integrative lifestyle pattern analysis approach to assess the overall effectiveness of an early childhood intervention on change across multiple behaviours. METHODS The Melbourne INFANT program was a 15-month cluster-randomized controlled trial involving 4-month-old infants and their parents at baseline in 2008 (n = 542). The intervention included six education sessions helping parents to promote a healthy diet, physical activity and limit sedentary behaviour in their infants. Participants were followed-up twice post-intervention, at ages 3.6 (2011) and 5 years (2013), to assess sustained effects of the intervention. Previous principal component analyses identified two lifestyle patterns from dietary intake, outdoor time and television viewing time. Random effect linear regression models were conducted to assess the impact of the intervention on lifestyle patterns. RESULTS The intervention group had a lower 'Discretionary consumption and TV' lifestyle pattern score than the control group at all time points with adjusted mean difference: -0.29, 95% CI -0.49, -0.09, p = 0.004 post-intervention at age 1.5 years; -0.29, 95% CI -0.54, -0.04, p = 0.02 at the first follow-up (age 3.6 years); and -0.21, 95% CI -0.43, 0.01, p = 0.06 at the second follow-up (age 5.0 years). No evidence of between-group differences was found for the 'Fruit, vegetables and outdoor' lifestyle pattern score. CONCLUSION This early childhood intervention designed to promote change in more than one obesity-related behaviour was effective in improving correlated unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. Lifestyle pattern analysis is a useful and interpretable approach for evaluating multi-behavioural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaobing Zheng
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Crawford
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Cameron
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Deakin University, Institute for Health Transformation, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Paris, Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Karen J Campbell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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D’Souza NJ, Zheng M, Abbott G, Lioret S, Hesketh KD. Associations between Child and Family Level Correlates and Behavioural Patterns in School-Aged Children. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111023. [PMID: 34828735 PMCID: PMC8620248 DOI: 10.3390/children8111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Identifying correlates of behavioural patterns are important to target population sub-groups at increased health risk. The aim was to investigate correlates of behavioural patterns comprising four behavioural domains in children. Data were from the HAPPY study when children were 6–8 years (n = 335) and 9–11 years (n = 339). Parents reported correlate and behavioural data (dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep). Behavioural data were additionally captured using accelerometers. Latent profile analysis was used to derive patterns. Patterns were identified as healthy, unhealthy, and mixed at both time points. Multinomial logistic regression tested for associations. Girls were more likely to display healthy patterns at 6–8 years and display unhealthy and mixed patterns at 9–11 years than boys, compared to other patterns at the corresponding ages. Increased risk of displaying the unhealthy pattern with higher age was observed at both timepoints. At 9–11 years, higher parental working hours were associated with lower risk of displaying mixed patterns compared to the healthy pattern. Associations observed revealed girls and older children to be at risk for unhealthy patterns, warranting customisation of health efforts to these groups. The number of behaviours included when deriving patterns and the individual behaviours that dominate each pattern appear to be drivers of the associations for child level, but not for family level, correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka J. D’Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.Z.); (G.A.); (K.D.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.Z.); (G.A.); (K.D.H.)
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.Z.); (G.A.); (K.D.H.)
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, INSERM, INRAE, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Kylie D. Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.Z.); (G.A.); (K.D.H.)
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de Mello GT, Lopes MVV, Minatto G, da Costa RM, Matias TS, Guerra PH, Filho VCB, Silva KS. Clustering of Physical Activity, Diet and Sedentary Behavior among Youth from Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010924. [PMID: 34682670 PMCID: PMC8535526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The interaction between physical activity (PA), diet, and sedentary behavior (SB) plays an important role on health-related outcomes. This scoping review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aims to identify and appraise clusters of PA, diet, and SB among youth (0–19 years) according to country income. Methods: Five databases were searched. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Fifty-five cluster types were identified, with greater variety in high-income than lower income countries. The most prevalent profiles were “High SB and consumption of sugar, salt, and beverages (SSB)” (n = 17) and “High PA” (n = 13–5), both of which presented in all income countries. The healthiest profile, “High PA and fruit and vegetables (F&V); Low SB and SSB” (n = 12), was present in upper-middle and high-income countries, while the unhealthiest “Low PA and F&V; High SB and SSB” (n = 6) was present only in high-income countries. Conclusions: High SB and unhealthy diet (SSB) were more prevalent in clusters, mainly in high-income countries. The results support the need for multi-component actions targeting more than one behavior at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielli Thais de Mello
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-49-9107-8363
| | - Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Giseli Minatto
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Rafael Martins da Costa
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Thiago Sousa Matias
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
| | - Paulo Henrique Guerra
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89815-899, Brazil;
| | | | - Kelly Samara Silva
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (M.V.V.L.); (G.M.); (R.M.d.C.); (T.S.M.); (K.S.S.)
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11
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The Association between Disordered Eating Behavior and Body Image Biological Maturation and Levels of Adipocytokines in Preadolescent Girls: The Healthy Growth Study. WOMEN 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/women1040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During puberty, rapid, complex hormonal, physical and cognitive changes occur that affect body image and eating behavior. The aim of this cross-sectional study, a secondary analysis of data from the Greek Healthy Growth Study, was to explore associations of disordered eating behaviors and body image in 1206 10–12-year-old girls during pubertal maturation, with serum leptin and adiponectin levels, according to body mass index (BMI). Eating behavior and disordered eating were assessed with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Children Eating Attitudes Test Questionnaire (ChEAT), respectively. Associations of components of DEBQ and ChEAT with maturation according to Tanner Stage (TS) and levels of leptin and adiponectin were explored by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Adiponectin levels in girls at TS 1 were positively associated with the “social pressure to eat” score of ChEAT. Leptin levels in girls at TS 4 were positively correlated with the “restraint eating” score of DEBQ, and the “dieting”, “body image” and “food awareness” scores of ChEAT. After adjustment for TS and BMI, only “body image” and leptin remained significant. Further research may shed light on how these hormonal changes affect eating behaviors at various pubertal stages, contributing to “TS-specific” preventive strategies for eating disorders in girls.
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Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Oliveira A, Martínez-Andrés M, Sequí-Domínguez I, Hernández-Castillejo LE, Cavero-Redondo I. Prevalence and trends of underweight in European children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3611-3624. [PMID: 33779808 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at providing prevalence trend estimates of underweight among children and adolescents in Europe from 2000 to 2017. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from their inception up to March 2020. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. Underweight was defined according to the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) definition criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by sex, age range (2-13 and 14-18 years old), study year (2000-2006 and 2007-2017), country and European region were conducted. RESULTS A total of 49 studies with data from 323,420 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from 26 countries were included. From 2000 to 2017, according to the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of underweight showed an increasing trend in Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, where the underweight prevalence ranged from 9.1 to 12.0%, from 4.1 to 6.8%, and from 5.8 to 6.7%, respectively. In Western Europe, the prevalence of underweight tended to decrease, from 14.0 to 11.8%. No significant differences were found by sex or age range. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight is considerable (overall, around 8-9%), particularly in Eastern Europe, and follows a slight upward trend during the past decade. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017056924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Martínez-Andrés
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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13
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Varagiannis P, Magriplis E, Risvas G, Vamvouka K, Nisianaki A, Papageorgiou A, Pervanidou P, Chrousos GP, Zampelas A. Effects of Three Different Family-Based Interventions in Overweight and Obese Children: The "4 Your Family" Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:341. [PMID: 33498894 PMCID: PMC7911878 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight and obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in the past decades, and family-based interventions may be an effective method to improve children's eating behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different family-based interventions: group-based, individual-based, or by website approach. Parents and school aged overweight or obese children, 8-12 years of age, were eligible for the study. A total of 115 children were randomly allocated in one of the three interventions, and 91 completed the study (79% compliance); Group 1 (n = 36) received group-based interventions by various experts; Group 2 (n = 30) had interpersonal family meetings with a dietitian; and Group 3 (n = 25) received training through a specifically developed website. Anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and screen time outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Within-group comparisons indicated significant improvement in body weight, body mass index (BMI)-z-score, physical activity, and screen time from baseline in all three study groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total body fat percentage (%TBF) was also decreased in Groups 2 and 3. Between-group differences varied with body weight and %TBF change, being larger in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2, in contrast to BMI-z-score, screen time, and health behaviors, which were significantly larger in Group 2 than the other two groups. In conclusion, personalized family-based interventions are recommended to successfully improve children's lifestyle and body weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Varagiannis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Grigoris Risvas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Katerina Vamvouka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Adamantia Nisianaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Papageorgiou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.P.C.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (P.P.); (G.P.C.)
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; (P.V.); (E.M.); (G.R.); (K.V.); (A.N.); (A.P.)
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14
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D'Souza NJ, Kuswara K, Zheng M, Leech R, Downing KL, Lioret S, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. A systematic review of lifestyle patterns and their association with adiposity in children aged 5-12 years. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13029. [PMID: 32297464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep are typically examined independently with childhood adiposity; however, their combined influence remains uncertain. This review aims to systematically summarize evidence on the clustering of these behaviours through lifestyle patterns and evaluate associations with adiposity in children aged 5-12 years. Search strategies were run in six databases. Twenty-eight papers met the inclusion criteria, six of which included all four behaviours. A range of lifestyle patterns were identified (healthy, unhealthy and mixed). Mixed patterns were most frequently reported. Unhealthy patterns comprising low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were also frequently observed. Mixed patterns comprising healthy diets, low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour were more commonly seen in girls, whereas boys were more physically active, similarly sedentary and had unhealthier diets. Children from lower socio-economic backgrounds tended to more frequently display unhealthy patterns. Unhealthy lifestyle patterns were more often associated with adiposity risk than healthy and mixed patterns. With few studies including all four behaviours, it is difficult to establish a clear picture of their interplay and associations with adiposity. Nonetheless, reliance on lifestyle patterns is likely more beneficial than individual behaviours in targeting adiposity and improving understanding of how these behaviours influence health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninoshka J D'Souza
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Konsita Kuswara
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miaobing Zheng
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CRESS), Universite de Paris, INSERM, INRA, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Naja F, Itani L, Nasrallah MP, Chami H, Tamim H, Nasreddine L. A healthy lifestyle pattern is associated with a metabolically healthy phenotype in overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2145-2158. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between eating habits and weight status in adolescents in Finland. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study is a cohort study conducted in adolescents attending third to sixth grade in 496 schools in forty-four municipalities in Southern, Middle and Northern Finland in 2011–2014. Participants: Analyses included 10 569 adolescents from the Fin-HIT study aged 9–14 years (5005 boys and 5564 girls). Adolescents were categorized by their eating habits: healthy eaters (44·1 %; n 4661), unhealthy eaters (12·3 %; n 1298), and fruit and vegetable avoiders (43·6 %; n 4610); and they were grouped into weight status: underweight (11·1 %), normal weight (73·6 %) and excess weight (15·3 %). Results: We found an increased risk of underweight in fruit and vegetable avoiders (OR = 1·28; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·46). An irregular breakfast pattern showed an inverse association with underweight (OR = 0·70; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·84) and an increased risk of excess weight (OR = 1·56; 95 % CI 1·37, 1·77) compared with a regular breakfast pattern. An irregular dinner pattern was inversely associated with underweight (OR = 0·83; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·99) compared with a regular dinner pattern. Conclusions: Avoiding fruits and vegetables and following irregular breakfast and dinner patterns were associated with underweight and excess weight in adolescents.
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17
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Hu Z, Tylavsky FA, Han JC, Kocak M, Fowke JH, Davis RL, Lewinn K, Bush NR, Zhao Q. Maternal metabolic factors during pregnancy predict early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk: the CANDLE Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1914-1922. [PMID: 30705389 PMCID: PMC6669102 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the individual and additive effects of three modifiable maternal metabolic factors, including pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), on early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk. METHODS A total of 1425 mother-offspring dyads (953 black and 472 white) from a longitudinal birth cohort were included in this study. Latent class growth modeling was performed to identify the trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from birth to 4 years in children. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between the maternal metabolic risk factors and child BMI trajectories and obesity risk at 4 years. RESULTS We identified three discrete BMI trajectory groups, characterized as rising-high-BMI (12.6%), moderate-BMI (61.0%), or low-BMI (26.4%) growth. Both maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (adjusted relative risk [adjRR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-2.83) and excessive GWG (adjRR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13-2.58) were significantly associated with the rising-high-BMI trajectory, as manifested by rapid weight gain during infancy and a stable but high BMI until 4 years. All three maternal metabolic indices were significantly associated with childhood obesity at age 4 years (adjRR for pre-pregnancy obesity = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.62-3.10; adjRR for excessive GWG = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.09; and adjRR for GDM = 2.14, 95% = 1.47-3.12). In addition, risk of rising-high BMI trajectory or obesity at age 4 years was stronger among mothers with more than one metabolic risk factor. We did not observe any difference in these associations by race. CONCLUSION Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive GWG, and GDM individually and jointly predict rapid growth and obesity at age 4 years in offspring, regardless of race. Interventions targeting maternal obesity and metabolism may prevent or slow the rate of development of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunsong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Robert L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Kaja Lewinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Wadolowska L, Hamulka J, Kowalkowska J, Kostecka M, Wadolowska K, Biezanowska-Kopec R, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Kozirok W, Piotrowska A. Prudent-Active and Fast-Food-Sedentary Dietary-Lifestyle Patterns: The Association with Adiposity, Nutrition Knowledge and Sociodemographic Factors in Polish Teenagers-The ABC of Healthy Eating Project. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1988. [PMID: 30558296 PMCID: PMC6315952 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A holistic approach to understanding the relationship between diet, lifestyle and obesity is a better approach than studying single factors. This study presents the clustering of dietary and lifestyle behaviours to determine the association of these dietary-lifestyle patterns (DLPs) with adiposity, nutrition knowledge, gender and sociodemographic factors in teenagers. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 1549 Polish students aged 11⁻13 years. DLPs were identified with cluster analysis. Logistic regression modelling with adjustment for confounders was applied. Three dietary-lifestyle patterns were identified: Prudent-Active (29.3% of the sample), Fast-food-Sedentary (13.8%) and notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive (56.9%). Adherence to Prudent-Active pattern (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was 29% or 49% lower in 12-year-old or 13-year-old teenagers than in 11-year-old teenagers, respectively, and higher by 57% or 2.4 times in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score. To the contrary, adherence to Fast-food-Sedentary (reference: notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive) was lower by 41% or 58% in the middle or the upper tertile than the bottom tertile of the nutrition knowledge score, respectively. In Prudent-Active, the chance of central obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5) was lower by 47% and overweight/obesity was lower by 38% or 33% (depending on which standard was used: International Obesity Task Force, 2012: BMI (body mass index)-for-age ≥ 25 kg/m² or Polish standards, 2010: BMI-for-age ≥ 85th percentile) when compared with the notPrudent-notFast-food-lowActive pattern. In Fast-food-Sedentary, the chance of central obesity was 2.22 times higher than the Prudent-Active pattern. The study identified a set of characteristics that decreased the risk of general and central adiposity in teenagers, which includes health-promoting behaviours related to food, meal consumption and lifestyle. Avoiding high-energy dense foods is insufficient to prevent obesity, if physical activity and the consumption frequency of health-promoting foods are low and breakfast and a school meal are frequently skipped. The results highlight the importance of the nutrition knowledge of teenagers in shaping their health-promoting dietary habits and active lifestyle to decrease adiposity risk and negative aspects of lower family affluence which promotes unhealthy behaviours, both related to diet and lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kostecka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Pl. Cieszynski 1, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Renata Biezanowska-Kopec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka Street, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Kozirok
- Department of Commodity and Quality Management, Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Functional Food, Ecological Food and Commodities, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Science (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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Mediators of the effectiveness of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention on pre-schoolers’ snacking behaviour: the ToyBox-study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:157-163. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018002653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the mediating role of family-related determinants on the effects of the ToyBox-intervention on pre-school children’s consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.DesignThe ToyBox-intervention was a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a cluster-randomized design, aiming to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours to prevent obesity at pre-school age.SettingKindergartens (n 309) in six European countries.SubjectsA total of 6290 pre-schoolers and their families participated in the ToyBox-intervention in 2012–2013 and data from 5212 pre-schoolers/families were included in the current analyses.ResultsEven though the total effect of the ToyBox-intervention on healthy and unhealthy snacking was not significant, the ToyBox-intervention significantly improved parental rule setting on children’s unhealthy snack consumption (i.e. restriction of snacking while watching television and permission only at certain occasions) and parental consumption of unhealthy snacks, while it increased parental knowledge on snacking recommendations. Regarding healthy snacking, the ToyBox-intervention improved children’s attitude towards fruit and vegetables (F&V). All previously mentioned family-related determinants mediated the intervention effects on pre-schoolers’ consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks. Almost all family-related determinants examined in the study were independently associated with pre-schoolers’ consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in improving relevant family-related determinants. Interventions aiming to promote F&V consumption and limit the consumption of unhealthy snacks in pre-schoolers should target on these mediators, but also identify new family-, school- or peer-related determinants, to enhance their effectiveness.
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Food sources of free sugars in children's diet and identification of lifestyle patterns associated with free sugars intake: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study. Public Health Nutr 2018; 19:2326-35. [PMID: 27515790 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015003146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive free sugars consumption has a possible role in health issues, diet quality and obesity development. The present cross-sectional study aimed to identify the major food sources of free sugars in Greek children's diet and investigate possible associations of dietary patterns with free sugars intake. DESIGN Anthropometric measurements and information on dietary and physical activity habits were obtained. Energy and free sugars intake coming from foods were estimated and principal components analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. SETTING The GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study. SUBJECTS Nationwide sample of 3089 children (aged 10-12 years). RESULTS Adopting WHO criteria, 44·2 % of participants were categorized as having free sugars intake above 10 % of total energy intake. Mean contribution of free sugars to energy intake was 11·2 %, and the major food sources of free sugars differed from those of other childhood populations. Free sugars intake was not associated with overweight/obesity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that two lifestyle and dietary patterns, characterized by higher consumption of sweets, fast foods, fries, sugared drinks, frequently ordering/eating outside home and having meals in front of a screen (pattern 1) and higher consumption of whole fruits, 100 % fruit juices, vegetables, legumes and honey/jam (pattern 2), were positively associated with free sugars intake. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of children exceeded the recommended cut-off and free sugars intake was associated with lifestyle patterns rather than single foods. Public health programmes aiming to reduce free sugars consumption should be tailored on promoting the correct dietary habits of specific childhood populations.
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Ertaş Öztürk Y, Bozbulut R, Döğer E, Bideci A, Köksal E. The relationship between diet quality and insulin resistance in obese children: adaptation of the Healthy Lifestyle-Diet Index in Turkey. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:391-398. [PMID: 29494339 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity and its complications are serious health problems and diet/lifestyle changes can be beneficial for the prevention of diseases. Adaptation of the Healthy Lifestyle-Diet (HLD) Index in accordance with the dietary guidelines for Turkey (TR) and determination of the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese children were the aims of this study. METHODS This study was conducted on 164 overweight or obese children (87 male, 77 female) aged 9-13 years. For all participants, the HLD-TR Index and a 24-h dietary recall were performed and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was calculated. Anthropometric measurements and the body composition of the children were taken. Metabolic syndrome risk factors and insulin resistance were assessed. RESULTS The mean age of the male and female children was 11.2±1.49 and 11.0±1.40 years, respectively. The majority of the children were obese in both genders. There were no statistically significant differences in the HLD-TR scores between the genders. As the index scores increased, a decrease in the energy intake and an increase in the MAR were observed. Negative correlations between the index scores and body mass, waist circumference and body fat mass were observed. Furthermore, a one-unit increase in the index score decreases the insulin resistance risk by 0.91 times after adjustments for age and gender (odds ratio: 0.91 [0.85-0.97]). CONCLUSIONS The HLD-TR Index is a valid tool that can give an idea about the quality of the diet in obese children. Furthermore, with the increase in the compliance with recommendations for diet/lifestyle changes, indicators of obesity and metabolic syndrome were decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ertaş Öztürk
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Bozbulut
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Döğer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysun Bideci
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Köksal
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Matsumoto M, Ogai K, Aoki M, Urai T, Yokogawa M, Tawara M, Kobayashi M, Minematsu T, Sanada H, Sugama J. Changes in dermal structure and skin oxidative stress in overweight and obese Japanese males after weight loss: a longitudinal observation study. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:407-416. [PMID: 29377346 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Previous studies have reported decreased dermal echogenicity and increased skin oxidative stress in overweight males. However, it is unknown whether these skin parameters of overweight and obese people are similar to those of individuals exhibiting a normal body weight following weight loss. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the changes in the dermal structure parameters and levels of skin oxidative stress before and after weight loss in overweight and obese people in Japan and (2) to clarify how these aspects changed when body weight would be reduced to normal body weight. METHODS Male volunteers with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were recruited. The dermal structure was visualized and dermal echogenicity and thickness were measured using ultrasound scanners. The mRNA expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in the hair follicles was quantitatively analyzed as a marker of skin oxidative stress. RESULTS When overweight individuals in their 20s to 30s reduced their weight to normal, decreased dermal thickness in the abdominal region was observed in 50% of the subjects; however, no increase in dermal echogenicity was observed. A decrease in dermal thickness and an increase in dermal echogenicity in the thighs was observed in 83.3% of the subjects. No decrease in the level of dermal oxidative stress was observed. CONCLUSION The dermal structure in the thighs of overweight young individuals can be improved to the level of the structure in those of normal body weight individuals following weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsumoto
- Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Aoki
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Health Science, Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Urai
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Yokogawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Tawara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hokuriku Gakuin University Junior College, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Minematsu
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Sanada
- Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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23
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Utility and applicability of the "Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation" (CORE)-index in predicting obesity in childhood and adolescence in Greece from early life: the "National Action Plan for Public Health". Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1989-1996. [PMID: 27796510 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early identification of infants being at high risk to become obese at their later childhood or adolescence can be of vital importance in any obesity prevention initiative. The aim of the present study was to examine the utility and applicability of the "Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation (CORE)" index as a screening tool for the early prediction of obesity in childhood and adolescence. Anthropometric, socio-demographic data were collected cross-sectionally and retrospectively from a representative sample of 5946 children, and adolescents and were combined for calculating the CORE-index score. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of the CORE-index score with obesity by gender and age group, and cut-off point analysis was also applied to identify the optimal value of the CORE-index score that differentiates obese from non-obese children. Mean CORE-index score in the total sample was 3.06 (sd 1.92) units (range 0-11 units). Each unit increase in the CORE-index score was found to be associated with a 30 % (95 % C.I. 1.24-1.36) increased likelihood for obesity in childhood or adolescence, while the optimal cut-off value of the CORE-index score that predicted obesity with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity was found to be 3.5. CONCLUSION The present study supports the utility and applicability of the CORE-index as a screening tool for the early identification of infants that are potentially at a higher risk for becoming obese at their childhood and adolescence. This tool could be routinely used by health professionals to identify infants at high risk and provide appropriate counselling to their parents and caregivers so as to maximize the effectiveness of early obesity prevention initiatives. What is known? • Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. • Certain perinatal and socio-demographic indices that were previously identified as correlates of childhood obesity in children were combined to develop the CORE-index, a screening tool that estimates obesity risk in 9-13 year-old children. What is new? • The utility and applicability of the CORE-index as screening tool can be extended to the age range of 6-15 years. • The CORE-index is a cost-effective screening tool that can assist health professionals in initiating obesity preventive measures from early life.
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Perinatal, sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of increased total and visceral fat mass levels in schoolchildren in Greece: the Healthy Growth Study. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:660-670. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo identify possibly independent associations of perinatal, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with childhood total and visceral body fat.DesignA representative sample of 2655 schoolchildren (9–13 years) participated in the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional epidemiological study.SettingSeventy-seven primary schools in four large regions in Greece.SubjectsA sample of 1228 children having full data on total and visceral fat mass levels, as well as on anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, physical examination, socio-economic and perinatal indices, was examined.ResultsMaternal (OR=3·03 and 1·77) and paternal obesity (OR=1·62 and 1·78), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR=1·72 and 1·93) and rapid infant weight gain (OR=1·42 and 1·96) were significantly and positively associated with children’s increased total and visceral fat mass levels, respectively. Children’s television watching for >2 h/d (OR=1·40) and maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (OR=2·46) were associated with children’s increased total and visceral fat mass level, respectively. Furthermore, increased children’s physical activity (OR=0·66 and 0·47) were significantly and negatively associated with children’s total and visceral fat mass levels, respectively. Lastly, both father’s age >46 years (OR=0·57) and higher maternal educational level (OR=0·45) were associated with children’s increased total visceral fat mass level.ConclusionsParental sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal indices and pre-adolescent lifestyle behaviours were associated with children’s abnormal levels of total and visceral fat mass. Any future programme for childhood prevention either from the perinatal age or at late childhood should take these indices into consideration.
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Moschonis G, van den Heuvel EGHM, Mavrogianni C, Singh-Povel CM, Leotsinidis M, Manios Y. Associations of Milk Consumption and Vitamin B₂ and Β 12 Derived from Milk with Fitness, Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices in Children. The Healthy Growth Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100634. [PMID: 27754376 PMCID: PMC5084021 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dairy consumption seem to extend beyond its significant contribution to ensuring nutrient intake adequacy as indicated by the favourable associations with several health outcomes reported by different studies. The aims of the present study were to examine the associations of milk consumption with fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices in children and further explore whether the observed associations are attributed to vitamins B₂ and B12 derived from milk. A representative subsample of 600 children aged 9-13 years participating in the Healthy Growth Study was examined. Data were collected on children's dietary intake, using 24 h recalls, as well as on fitness, anthropometric and biochemical indices. Regression analyses were performed for investigating the research hypothesis, adjusting for potential confounders and for B-vitamin status indices (i.e., plasma riboflavin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations), dietary calcium intake and plasma zinc concentrations that could possibly act as effect modifiers. Milk consumption was positively associated with the number of stages performed in the endurance run test (ERT) (β = 0.10; p = 0.017) and negatively with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.10; p = 0.014), after adjusting for several potential confounders and effect modifiers. Dietary intakes of vitamin B₂ and B12 derived from milk were also positively associated with the number of ERT stages (β = 0.10; p = 0.015 and β = 0.10; p = 0.014 respectively). In conclusion, higher intake of milk as well as vitamin B₂ and B12 derived from milk were independently associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness in Greek preadolescents. The key roles of these B-vitamins in substrate oxidation, energy production, haemoglobin synthesis and erythropoiesis could provide a basis for interpreting these associations. However, further research is needed to confirm this potential interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
- EnviNHealth S.A., Platonos 34, Moschato, 18345 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Cécile M Singh-Povel
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, 3800 BN Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Michalis Leotsinidis
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
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26
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Al Thani M, Al Thani AA, Al-Chetachi W, Al Malki B, Khalifa SAH, Haj Bakri A, Hwalla N, Nasreddine L, Naja F. A 'High Risk' Lifestyle Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Qatari Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional National Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060698. [PMID: 27271596 PMCID: PMC4926323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of lifestyle patterns, as a combination of diet, physical activity and smoking, on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among Qatari women of childbearing age (n = 418), a population group particularly vulnerable to the health sequela of this syndrome. Using data from the National WHO STEPwise survey conducted in Qatar in 2012, Principal Component Factor Analysis was performed to derive lifestyle patterns with survey variables related to the frequency of consumption of 13 foods/food groups, physical activity levels, and smoking status. MetS was diagnosed using ATPIII criteria. Three lifestyle patterns were identified: 'High Risk' pattern, characterized by intakes of fast foods, sweets and sugar sweetened beverages, in addition to lower levels of physical activity and higher smoking prevalence; 'Prudent' pattern, driven mainly by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains; and 'Traditional' pattern which included beans, meat, dairy products, and a low prevalence of smoking. Among these three lifestyle patterns, only the 'High Risk' was associated with MetS, whereby subjects belonging to the third tertile of this pattern's score had 2.5 times the odds of MetS compared to those belonging to the first tertile. The findings of this study demonstrated the synergy among high risk behaviors among Qatari women in increasing the odds of MetS; the latter being a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Thani
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Al Anoud Al Thani
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Walaa Al-Chetachi
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Badria Al Malki
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shamseldin A H Khalifa
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad Haj Bakri
- Health Promotion and Non Communicable Disease Prevention Division, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Al Rumaila West, 42 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. BOX 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. BOX 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Farah Naja
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. BOX 11-0.236, Riad El Solh, 11072020 Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ogai K, Matsumoto M, Aoki M, Minematsu T, Kitamura K, Kobayashi M, Sanada H, Sugama J. Increased level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the skin of Japanese obese males: measured by quantitative skin blotting. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:462-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogai
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Matsumoto
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Aoki
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - T. Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - K. Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science; Graduate School of Medical Science; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 1130033 Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
- Division of Health Science; Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; 5-11-80 Kodatsuno Kanazawa Ishikawa 9200942 Japan
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Skogheim TS, Vollrath ME. Associations of Child Temperament with Child Overweight and Breakfast Habits: A Population Study in Five-Year-Olds. Nutrients 2015; 7:10116-28. [PMID: 26633494 PMCID: PMC4690074 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the associations of child temperament with overweight/obesity and breakfast habits. Participants were 17,409 five-year-olds whose mothers partake in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and completed a questionnaire at the child’s 5th birthday. Temperament was assessed as externalizing, internalizing and sociable temperament. Breakfast habits differentiated between “every day”, “4 to 6 times a week”, and “0 to 3 times a week”. The child’s weight status was determined by Body Mass Index-percentiles and categorized as normal weight versus overweight/obese. Children with externalizing temperament had higher odds of being overweight and higher odds of not eating breakfast daily. Children high in internalizing temperament had higher odds of not eating breakfast daily, but not of being overweight. Children with average scores of sociability were more prone to being overweight but had normal breakfast habits. All results were adjusted for key confounders. That five-year-olds high in externalizing temperament had a higher risk to be overweight adds important information to the literature. The association of externalizing temperament with child breakfast habits so early in life is intriguing, as parents mostly control eating patterns in children that young. Mechanisms mediating this association should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarete Erika Vollrath
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.
- Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway.
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High cardiometabolic risk in healthy Chilean adolescents: associations with anthropometric, biological and lifestyle factors. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:486-93. [PMID: 25990645 PMCID: PMC4654715 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015001585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adolescents of low to middle socio-economic status and to study the influence of anthropometric, biological and lifestyle factors on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, fat and lean mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), TAG, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), food intake and physical activity were measured. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR ≥2.6. Bivariate and multivariate regressions examined the associations between MetS and anthropometric, biological and lifestyle factors. SETTING Observational cohort study including Chilean adolescents, who were part of a follow-up study beginning in infancy. SUBJECTS Adolescents aged 16-17 years (n 667). RESULTS In the sample, 16.2% had obesity and 9.5% had MetS. Low HDL-cholesterol (69.9%), abdominal obesity (33.3%) and fasting hyperglycaemia (8.7%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. In males, obesity (OR=3.7; 95% CI 1.2, 10.8), insulin resistance (OR=3.0; 95% CI 1.1, 8.2), physical inactivity (OR=2.9; 95% CI 1.1, 7.7) and sarcopenia (OR=21.2; 95% CI 4.2, 107.5) significantly increased the risk of MetS. In females, insulin resistance (OR=4.9; 95% CI 1.9, 12.6) and sarcopenia (OR=3.6; 95% CI 1.1, 11.9) were significantly associated with MetS. CONCLUSIONS High prevalences of obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, fasting hyperglycaemia and MetS were found in healthy adolescents. In both sexes, sarcopenia and insulin resistance were important risk factors of MetS. Promotion of active lifestyles at the school level and regulation of the sale of energy-dense foods are needed.
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Tilling K, Macdonald-Wallis C, Lawlor DA, Hughes RA, Howe LD. Modelling childhood growth using fractional polynomials and linear splines. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:129-38. [PMID: 25413651 PMCID: PMC4264511 DOI: 10.1159/000362695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing emphasis in medical research on modelling growth across the life course and identifying factors associated with growth. Here, we demonstrate multilevel models for childhood growth either as a smooth function (using fractional polynomials) or a set of connected linear phases (using linear splines). METHODS We related parental social class to height from birth to 10 years of age in 5,588 girls from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Multilevel fractional polynomial modelling identified the best-fitting model as being of degree 2 with powers of the square root of age, and the square root of age multiplied by the log of age. The multilevel linear spline model identified knot points at 3, 12 and 36 months of age. RESULTS Both the fractional polynomial and linear spline models show an initially fast rate of growth, which slowed over time. Both models also showed that there was a disparity in length between manual and non-manual social class infants at birth, which decreased in magnitude until approximately 1 year of age and then increased. CONCLUSIONS Multilevel fractional polynomials give a more realistic smooth function, and linear spline models are easily interpretable. Each can be used to summarise individual growth trajectories and their relationships with individual-level exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tilling
- School of Social and Community Medicine and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Vieira SA, Magalhães TCA, Ribeiro AQ, Priore SE, Franceschini SDCC, Sant'Ana LFDR. Influence of weight gain rate on early life nutritional status and body composition of children. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:616108. [PMID: 25538953 PMCID: PMC4236901 DOI: 10.1155/2014/616108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of the weight gain rate at 4-6 months on nutritional status and body composition in children between 4 and 7 years of age. METHODS Retrospective cohort study, sample of 257 children. Data collection was performed in two stages, with the first relating to retrospective data of weight gain from birth to the first 4-6 months of life in the patient records. Measurements of weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition in children between ages 4 and 7 years were obtained. Nutritional status was assessed by the BMI/age. Control variables, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, lifestyle, and sociodemographics, were studied. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were performed. RESULTS In the nutritional status assessment, the prevalence of overweight observed was 24.9%. After adjusting for control variables, it was found that the increase of the WGR at 4-6 months of age explained the occurrence of higher BMI/age, percentage of total body fat, body fat percentage in the android region, and waist circumference in children between 4 and 7 years of age. CONCLUSION The increase of the WGR in the first months of life can lead to the occurrence of higher values of parameters of nutritional status and body composition in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aparecida Vieira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Eloiza Priore
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Manios Y, Moschonis G, Mavrogianni C, Bos R, Singh-Povel C. Micronutrient intakes among children and adults in Greece: the role of age, sex and socio-economic status. Nutrients 2014; 6:4073-92. [PMID: 25285410 PMCID: PMC4210908 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to report the usual nutrient intakes of sixteen micronutrients by schoolchildren, adults and the elderly in Greece and to further explore the role of age, sex and socio-economic status (SES) on meeting the recommended nutrient intakes. Dietary intake, demographic and SES data from three existing studies conducted in Greece (in 9–13-year-old children; 40–60-year-old adults; and 50–75-year-old women) were collected. The prevalence of study participants with inadequate micronutrient intakes were assessed using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method. Regarding sex and age differences, the highest prevalences of inadequate nutrient intakes occurred in post-menopausal women. In both sexes and all age groups, the prevalence of vitamin D intake below EAR reached 100%. Furthermore, nutrient intakes of 75% or more below EAR were found for vitamin E in all age groups, folate in women and for calcium and magnesium in post-menopausal women (p < 0.05). Regarding SES differences, the prevalences of inadequate calcium and vitamin C intakes were higher for children and postmenopausal women of lower SES compared to their higher SES counterparts (p < 0.05). The current study reported the highest prevalences of inadequate intakes for both sexes and all age and SES groups for calcium, folate and vitamins D and E. These findings could provide guidance to public health policy makers in terms of updating current dietary guidelines and fortifying foods to meet the needs of all population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El Venizelou Avenue, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Rolf Bos
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, Amersfoort 3800 BN, The Netherlands.
| | - Cécile Singh-Povel
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, Post Box 1551, Amersfoort 3800 BN, The Netherlands.
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