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Arvanitaki ES, Goulielmaki E, Gkirtzimanaki K, Niotis G, Tsakani E, Nenedaki E, Rouska I, Kefalogianni M, Xydias D, Kalafatakis I, Psilodimitrakopoulos S, Karagogeos D, Schumacher B, Stratakis E, Garinis GA. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles trigger age-related neurodegeneration upon DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317402121. [PMID: 38635632 PMCID: PMC11047102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317402121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and neurodegenerative disorders are intimately linked but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that persistent DNA lesions in tissue-resident macrophages carrying an XPF-ERCC1 DNA repair defect trigger neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death in mice. We find that microglia accumulate dsDNAs and chromatin fragments in the cytosol, which are sensed thereby stimulating a viral-like immune response in Er1Cx/- and naturally aged murine brain. Cytosolic DNAs are packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are released from microglia and discharge their dsDNA cargo into IFN-responsive neurons triggering cell death. To remove cytosolic dsDNAs and prevent inflammation, we developed targeting EVs to deliver recombinant DNase I to Er1Cx/- brain microglia in vivo. We show that EV-mediated elimination of cytosolic dsDNAs is sufficient to prevent neuroinflammation, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and delay the onset of neurodegenerative symptoms in Er1Cx/- mice. Together, our findings unveil a causal mechanism leading to neuroinflammation and provide a rationalized therapeutic strategy against age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermioni S. Arvanitaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Katerina Gkirtzimanaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - George Niotis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Edisona Tsakani
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Electra Nenedaki
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Iliana Rouska
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Mary Kefalogianni
- Department of Physics, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Dionysios Xydias
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
- Materials Science and Technology Department, University of Crete, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Ilias Kalafatakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Sotiris Psilodimitrakopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
- Medical School, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne50931, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR71110, Crete, Greece
| | - George A. Garinis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, HeraklionGR71409, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, HeraklionGR70013, Crete, Greece
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Schröter L, Jentsch L, Maglioni S, Muñoz-Juan A, Wahle T, Limke A, von Mikecz A, Laromaine A, Ventura N. A Multisystemic Approach Revealed Aminated Polystyrene Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302907. [PMID: 37899301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to plastic nanoparticles has dramatically increased in the last 50 years, and there is evidence that plastic nanoparticles can be absorbed by organisms and cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). However, their toxic effects, especially on the nervous system, have not yet been extensively investigated, and most of the knowledge is based on studies using different conditions and systems, thus hard to compare. In this work, physicochemical properties of non-modified polystyrene (PS) and amine-functionalized PS (PS-NH2 ) nanoparticles are initially characterized. Advantage of a multisystemic approach is then taken to compare plastic nanoparticles effects in vitro, through cytotoxic readouts in mammalian cell culture, and in vivo, through behavioral readouts in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a powerful 3R-complying model organism for toxicology studies. In vitro experiments in neuroblastoma cells indicate a specific cytotoxic effect of PS-NH2 particles, including a decreased neuronal differentiation and an increased Amyloid β (Aβ) secretion, a sensitive readout correlating with Alzheimer's disease pathology. In parallel, only in vivo treatments with PS-NH2 particles affect C. elegans development, decrease lifespan, and reveal higher sensitivity of animals expressing human Aβ compared to wild-type animals. In summary, the multisystemic approach discloses a neurotoxic effect induced by aminated polystyrene nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schröter
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Jentsch
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Amanda Muñoz-Juan
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Tina Wahle
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Limke
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna von Mikecz
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Laromaine
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Natascia Ventura
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Visioli F, Ingram A, Beckman JS, Magnusson KR, Hagen TM. Strategies to protect against age-related mitochondrial decay: Do natural products and their derivatives help? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:330-346. [PMID: 34890770 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve vital roles critical for overall cellular function outside of energy transduction. Thus, mitochondrial decay is postulated to be a key factor in aging and in age-related diseases. Mitochondria may be targets of their own decay through oxidative damage. However, treating animals with antioxidants has been met with only limited success in rejuvenating mitochondrial function or in increasing lifespan. A host of nutritional strategies outside of using traditional antioxidants have been devised to promote mitochondrial function. Dietary compounds are under study that induce gene expression, enhance mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, or replenish key metabolites that decline with age. Moreover, redox-active compounds may now be targeted to mitochondria which improve their effectiveness. Herein we review the evidence that representative dietary effectors modulate mitochondrial function by stimulating their renewal or reversing the age-related loss of key metabolites. While in vitro evidence continues to accumulate that many of these compounds benefit mitochondrial function and/or prevent their decay, the results using animal models and, in some instances human clinical trials, are more mixed and sometimes even contraindicated. Thus, further research on optimal dosage and age of intervention are warranted before recommending potential mitochondrial rejuvenating compounds for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Avery Ingram
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kathy R Magnusson
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tory M Hagen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Zhu M, Liu Z, Guo Y, Sultana MS, Wu K, Lang X, Lv Q, Huang X, Yi Z, Li Z. Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:202. [PMID: 34526062 PMCID: PMC8444364 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulated TNF-α and oxidative stress (OxS) contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, previous evidence has demonstrated sex differences in many aspects of schizophrenia including clinical characteristics, cytokines, and OxS markers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating sex differences in the association between TNF-α, the OxS system, and their interaction with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. Methods A total of 119 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 135 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to evaluate psychotic symptoms. Two-way ANOVA, partial correlation analysis, and multivariate regression analysis were performed. Results A sex difference in MDA levels was demonstrated only in healthy controls (F = 7.06, pBonferroni = 0.045) and not seen in patients. Furthermore, only male patients had higher MDA levels than male controls (F = 8.19, pBonferroni = 0.03). Additionally, sex differences were observed in the association of TNF-α and MDA levels with psychotic symptoms (all pBonferroni < 0.05). The interaction of TNF-α and MDA was only associated with general psychopathology symptom in male patients (B = − 0.07, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results demonstrate the sex difference in the relationship between TNF-α, MDA, and their interaction with psychopathological symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuan Zhu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2 determines cellular energy dynamics by regulating creatine kinase-B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020695118. [PMID: 33547244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020695118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) regulate various biological processes. IP6Ks convert IP6 to pyrophosphates such as diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7) and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate (IP8). IP7 is produced in mammals by a family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases, IP6K1, IP6K2, and IP6K3, which have distinct biological functions. The inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 (IP6K2) controls cellular apoptosis. To explore roles for IP6K2 in brain function, we elucidated its protein interactome in mouse brain revealing a robust association of IP6K2 with creatine kinase-B (CK-B), a key enzyme in energy homeostasis. Cerebella of IP6K2-deleted mice (IP6K2-knockout [KO]) produced less phosphocreatine and ATP and generated higher levels of reactive oxygen species and protein oxidative damage. In IP6K2-KO mice, mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with impaired expression of the cytochrome-c1 subunit of complex III of the electron transport chain. We reversed some of these effects by combined treatment with N-acetylcysteine and phosphocreatine. These findings establish a role for IP6K2-CK-B interaction in energy homeostasis associated with neuroprotection.
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Caruso G, Benatti C, Musso N, Fresta CG, Fidilio A, Spampinato G, Brunello N, Bucolo C, Drago F, Lunte SM, Peterson BR, Tascedda F, Caraci F. Carnosine Protects Macrophages against the Toxicity of Aβ1-42 Oligomers by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050477. [PMID: 33926064 PMCID: PMC8146816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues such as the brain. This dipeptide has well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activities, and it may be useful for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this disease, peripheral infiltrating macrophages play a substantial role in the clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides from the brain. Correspondingly, in patients suffering from AD, defects in the capacity of peripheral macrophages to engulf Aβ have been reported. The effects of carnosine on macrophages and oxidative stress associated with AD are consequently of substantial interest for drug discovery in this field. In the present work, a model of stress induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers was investigated using a combination of methods including trypan blue exclusion, microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR. These assays were used to assess the ability of carnosine to protect macrophage cells, modulate oxidative stress, and profile the expression of genes related to inflammation and pro- and antioxidant systems. We found that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with carnosine counteracted cell death and apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers by decreasing oxidative stress as measured by levels of intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of peroxynitrite. This protective activity of carnosine was not mediated by modulation of the canonical inflammatory pathway but instead can be explained by the well-known antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of carnosine, enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity, and the rescue of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. These new findings obtained with macrophages challenged with Aβ1-42 oligomers, along with the well-known multimodal mechanism of action of carnosine in vitro and in vivo, substantiate the therapeutic potential of this dipeptide in the context of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7384265
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Alboni S, Benatti C, Colliva C, Radighieri G, Blom JMC, Brunello N, Tascedda F. Vortioxetine Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Impairment Without Inhibiting the Initial Inflammatory Cascade. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:603979. [PMID: 33613281 PMCID: PMC7890663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant that modulates a wide range of neurotransmitters throughout the brain. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that vortioxetine exerts positive effects on different cognitive domains and neuroprotective effects. Considering the key role of microglial cells in brain plasticity and cognition, we aimed at investigating the effects of pretreatment with vortioxetine in modulating behavioral and molecular effects induced by an immune challenge: peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To this purpose, C57BL/6J male mice were first exposed to a 28-day standard diet or vortioxetine-enriched diet, which was followed by an acute immune challenge with LPS. Sickness symptoms and depressive-like behaviors (anhedonia and memory impairment) were tested 6 and 24 h after exposure to LPS, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of markers of immune activation and M1/M2 markers of microglia polarization were measured in the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus. The pretreatment with vortioxetine did not affect both LPS-induced sickness behavior and anhedonia but prevented the deficit in the recognition memory induced by the immune challenge. At the transcriptional level, chronic exposure to vortioxetine did not prevent LPS-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines 6 h after the immune challenge but rather seemed to potentiate the immune response to the challenge also by affecting the levels of expression of markers of microglia M1 phenotype, like cluster of differentiation (CD)14 and CD86, in an area-dependent manner. However, at the same time point, LPS injection significantly increased the expression of the M2 polarization inducer, interleukin 4, only in the hippocampus of animals chronically exposed to vortioxetine. These results demonstrate that a chronic administration of vortioxetine specifically prevents LPS-induced memory impairment, without affecting acute sickness behavior and anhedonia, and suggest that hippocampal microglia may represent a cellular target of this novel antidepressant medication. Moreover, we provide a useful model to further explore the molecular mechanisms specifically underlying cognitive impairments following an immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C. Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C. Colliva
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G. Radighieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J. M. C. Blom
- Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - N. Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F. Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- CIB, Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
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Zhu S, Zhao L, Fan Y, Lv Q, Wu K, Lang X, Li Z, Yi Z, Geng D. Interaction between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 114:104595. [PMID: 32036201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been evidence that the disturbances of TNF-α and the oxidative stress (OxS) status are involved in the mechanism of schizophrenia. However, the results of their levels in schizophrenia are still controversial, and their interactions have not yet been examined, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We therefore applied Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) method to compare peripheral blood serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in 119 FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 135 healthy controls. We found that TNF-α and MDA were higher, whereas GSH-Px was lower, in FEDN patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (TNF-α, 2.21 ± 0.33 vs. 2.11 ± 0.36, Bonferroni p = 0.04; MDA, 2.95 ± 0.87 vs. 2.68 ± 0.76, Bonferroni p = 0.04, GSH-Px, 177.33 ± 28.84 vs. 188.32 ± 29.34, Bonferroni p = 0.03). Furthermore, TNF-α levels had an independent positive association with negative symptoms (r = 0.37, Bonferroni p < 0.001). Finally, GSH-Px levels were negatively associated with the presence of schizophrenia (B =-0.014, Wald statistic = 9.22, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 0.97-0.99), while the interaction of TNF-α with MDA was a risk factor for schizophrenia (B = 0.22, Wald statistic = 10.06, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 1.09-1.43). Our results suggest that TNF-α and disturbance of oxidative stress status as well as their interaction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguang Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yong Fan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoe Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Deqin Geng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Roselli F, Chandrasekar A, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Interferons in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury: Current Evidence for Translational Application. Front Neurol 2018; 9:458. [PMID: 29971040 PMCID: PMC6018073 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a general perspective of the experimental and clinical work surrounding the role of type-I, type-II, and type-III interferons (IFNs) in the pathophysiology of brain and spinal cord injury. Since IFNs are themselves well-known therapeutic targets (as well as pharmacological agents), and anti-IFNs monoclonal antibodies are being tested in clinical trials, it is timely to review the basis for the repurposing of these agents for the treatment of brain and spinal cord traumatic injury. Experimental evidence suggests that IFN-α may play a detrimental role in brain trauma, enhancing the pro-inflammatory response while keeping in check astrocyte proliferation; converging evidence from genetic models and neutralization by monoclonal antibodies suggests that limiting IFN-α actions in acute trauma may be a suitable therapeutic strategy. Effects of IFN-β administration in spinal cord and brain trauma have been reported but remain unclear or limited in effect. Despite the involvement in the inflammatory response, the role of IFN-γ remains controversial: although IFN-γ appears to improve the outcome of traumatic spinal cord injury, genetic models have produced either beneficial or detrimental results. IFNs may display opposing actions on the injured CNS relative to the concentration at which they are released and strictly dependent on whether the IFN or their receptors are targeted either via administration of neutralizing antibodies or through genetic deletion of either the mediator or its receptor. To date, IFN-α appears to most promising target for drug repurposing, and monoclonal antibodies anti IFN-α or its receptor may find appropriate use in the treatment of acute brain or spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Maria C Morganti-Kossmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Child Health, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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10
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Benvenutti R, Marcon M, Reis CG, Nery LR, Miguel C, Herrmann AP, Vianna MRM, Piato A. N-acetylcysteine protects against motor, optomotor and morphological deficits induced by 6-OHDA in zebrafish larvae. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4957. [PMID: 29868300 PMCID: PMC5985760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. In addition to its highly debilitating motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms may precede their motor counterparts by many years, which may characterize a prodromal phase of PD. A potential pharmacological strategy is to introduce neuroprotective agents at an earlier stage in order to prevent further neuronal death. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used against paracetamol overdose hepatotoxicity by restoring hepatic concentrations of glutathione (GSH), and as a mucolytic in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by reducing disulfide bonds in mucoproteins. It has been shown to be safe for humans at high doses. More recently, several studies have evidenced that NAC has a multifaceted mechanism of action, presenting indirect antioxidant effect by acting as a GSH precursor, besides its anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects. Moreover, NAC modulates glutamate release through activation of the cystine-glutamate antiporter in extra-synaptic astrocytes. Its therapeutic benefits have been demonstrated in clinical trials for several neuropsychiatric conditions but has not been tested in PD models yet. Methods In this study, we evaluated the potential of NAC to prevent the damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on motor, optomotor and morphological parameters in a PD model in larval zebrafish. Results NAC was able to prevent the motor deficits (total distance, mean speed, maximum acceleration, absolute turn angle and immobility time), optomotor response impairment and morphological alterations (total length and head length) caused by exposure to 6-OHDA, which reinforce and broaden the relevance of its neuroprotective effects. Discussion NAC acts in different targets relevant to PD pathophysiology. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to assess this agent as a candidate for prevention and adjunctive treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radharani Benvenutti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Marcon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura R Nery
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Miguel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Monica R M Vianna
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Blom JMC, Ottaviani E. Immune-Neuroendocrine Interactions: Evolution, Ecology, and Susceptibility to Illness. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:362-367. [PMID: 29142191 PMCID: PMC5701458 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.907637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration between immune and neuroendocrine systems is crucial for maintaining homeostasis from invertebrates to humans. In the first, the phagocytic cell, i.e., the immunocyte, is the main actor, while in the latter, the principle player is the lymphocyte. Immunocytes are characterized by the presence of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides, CRH, and other molecules that display a significant similarity to their mammalian counterparts regarding their functions, as both are mainly involved in fundamental functions such as immune (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, etc.) and neuroendocrine (stress) responses. Furthermore, the immune-neuroendocrine system provides vital answers to ecological and immunological demands in terms of economy and efficiency. Finally, susceptibility to disease emerges as the result of a continuous dynamic interaction between the world within and the world outside. New fields such as ecological immunology study the susceptibility to pathogens in an evolutionary perspective while the field of neuro-endocrine-immunology studies the susceptibility from a more immediate perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M C Blom
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enzo Ottaviani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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12
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Borsini A, Cattaneo A, Malpighi C, Thuret S, Harrison NA, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM. Interferon-Alpha Reduces Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Increases Apoptosis via Activation of Distinct STAT1-Dependent Mechanisms. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:187-200. [PMID: 29040650 PMCID: PMC5793815 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, interferon-α treatment for chronic viral hepatitis is a well-recognized clinical model for inflammation-induced depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are not clear. Following peripheral administration in rodents, interferon-α induces signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) within the hippocampus and disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS We used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C to evaluate the effects of 2 concentrations of interferon-α, similar to those observed in human serum during its therapeutic use (500 pg/mL and 5000 pg/mL), on neurogenesis and apoptosis. RESULTS Both concentrations of interferon-α decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, with the high concentration also increasing apoptosis. Moreover, interferon-α increased the expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via activation of STAT1. Like interferon-α, co-treatment with a combination of ISG15, USP18, and IL-6 was able to reduce neurogenesis and enhance apoptosis via further downstream activation of STAT1. Further experiments showed that ISG15 and USP18 mediated the interferon-α-induced reduction in neurogenesis (potentially through upregulation of the ISGylation-related proteins UBA7, UBE2L6, and HERC5), while IL-6 mediated the interferon-α-induced increase in apoptosis (potentially through downregulation of aquaporin 4). Using transcriptomic analyses, we showed that interferon-α regulated pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune response (e.g., Nuclear Factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 [Nrf2] and interferon regulatory factor [IRF] signaling pathway), neuronal formation (e.g., CAMP response element-binding protein [CREB] signaling), and cell death regulation (e.g., tumor protein(p)53 signaling). CONCLUSIONS We identify novel molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of interferon-α on the human hippocampus potentially involved in inflammation-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom,Correspondence: Alessandra Borsini, PhD, Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab and Perinatal Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT ()
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Harrison
- University of Sussex, Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patricia A Zunszain
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology and Perinatal Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, United Kingdom,IRCCS Fatebenefratelli Institute, Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Pariante CM. Why are depressed patients inflamed? A reflection on 20 years of research on depression, glucocorticoid resistance and inflammation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:554-559. [PMID: 28479211 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the last 20 years have demonstrated that increased inflammation and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are two of the most consistent biological findings in major depression and are often associated: but the molecular and clinical mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are still unclear. These findings are particularly enigmatic, especially considering the accepted notion that high levels of cortisol have an anti-inflammatory action, and therefore the coexistence of inflammation and hypercortisolemia in the same diagnostic group appears counter-intuitive. To celebrate the 2015 Anna-Monika Foundation Award to our laboratory, this review will discuss our own 20 years of research on the clinical and molecular evidence underlying the increased inflammation in depression, especially in the context of a hyperactive HPA axis, and discuss its implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory (SPI-Lab), Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab & Perinatal Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King׳s College London, G.32.01, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
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14
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Skvarc DR, Dean OM, Byrne LK, Gray L, Lane S, Lewis M, Fernandes BS, Berk M, Marriott A. The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on human cognition - A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 78:44-56. [PMID: 28438466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis are commonly implicated as cognitive modulators across a range of disorders. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor with potent antioxidant, pro-neurogenesis and anti-inflammatory properties and a favourable safety profile. A systematic review of the literature specifically examining the effect of NAC administration on human cognition revealed twelve suitable articles for inclusion: four examining Alzheimer's disease; three examining healthy participants; two examining physical trauma; one examining bipolar disorder, one examining schizophrenia, and one examining ketamine-induced psychosis. Heterogeneity of studies, insufficiently powered studies, infrequency of cognition as a primary outcome, heterogeneous methodologies, formulations, co-administered treatments, administration regimes, and assessment confounded the drawing of firm conclusions. The available data suggested statistically significant cognitive improvements following NAC treatment, though the paucity of NAC-specific research makes it difficult to determine if this effect is meaningful. While NAC may have a positive cognitive effect in a variety of contexts; larger, targeted studies are warranted, specifically evaluating its role in other clinical disorders with cognitive sequelae resulting from oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Skvarc
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Linda K Byrne
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Gray
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stephen Lane
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Biostatistics Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew Lewis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Aged Psychiatry Service, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Caulfield, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins in the Central Nervous System, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine & Pain Management, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Innovations in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia.
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15
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Alboni S, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Benatti C, Giusepponi ME, Brunello N, Cifani C. Hypothalamic expression of inflammatory mediators in an animal model of binge eating. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:420-430. [PMID: 27984048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Binge eating episodes are characterized by uncontrollable, distressing eating of a large amount of highly palatable food and represent a central feature of bingeing related eating disorders. Research suggests that inflammation plays a role in the onset and maintenance of eating-related maladaptive behavior. Markers of inflammation can be selectively altered in discrete brain regions where they can directly or indirectly regulate food intake. In the present study, we measured expression levels of different components of cytokine systems (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and IFN-ɣ) and related molecules (iNOS and COX2) in the preoptic and anterior-tuberal parts of the hypothalamus of a validated animal model of binge eating. In this animal model, based on the exposure to both food restriction and frustration stress, binge-like eating behavior for highly palatable food is not shown when animals are exposed to the frustration stress during the estrus phase. We found a characteristic down-regulation of the IL-18/IL-18 receptor system (with increased expression of the inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18, IL-18BP, together with a decreased expression of the binding chain of the IL-18 receptor) and a three-fold increase in the expression of iNOS specifically in the anterior-tuberal region of the hypothalamus of animals that develop a binge-like eating behavior. Differently, when food restricted animals were stressed during the estrus phase, IL-18 expression increased, while iNOS expression was not significantly affected. Considering the role of this region of the hypothalamus in controlling feeding related behavior, this can be relevant in eating disorders and obesity. Our data suggest that by targeting centrally selected inflammatory markers, we may prevent that disordered eating turns into a full blown eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
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16
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Caraci F, Tascedda F, Merlo S, Benatti C, Spampinato SF, Munafò A, Leggio GM, Nicoletti F, Brunello N, Drago F, Sortino MA, Copani A. Fluoxetine Prevents Aβ 1-42-Induced Toxicity via a Paracrine Signaling Mediated by Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:389. [PMID: 27826242 PMCID: PMC5078904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as fluoxetine and sertraline, increase circulating Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels in depressed patients, and are currently studied for their neuroprotective properties in Alzheimer’s disease. TGF-β1 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurodegeneration. In the present work, the SSRI, fluoxetine, was tested for the ability to protect cortical neurons against 1 μM oligomeric Aβ1-42-induced toxicity. At therapeutic concentrations (100 nM–1 μM), fluoxetine significantly prevented Aβ-induced toxicity in mixed glia-neuronal cultures, but not in pure neuronal cultures. Though to a lesser extent, also sertraline was neuroprotective in mixed cultures, whereas serotonin (10 nM–10 μM) did not mimick fluoxetine effects. Glia-conditioned medium collected from astrocytes challenged with fluoxetine protected pure cortical neurons against Aβ toxicity. The effect was lost in the presence of a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β1 in the conditioned medium, or when the specific inhibitor of type-1 TGF-β1 receptor, SB431542, was added to pure neuronal cultures. Accordingly, a 24 h treatment of cortical astrocytes with fluoxetine promoted the release of active TGF-β1 in the culture media through the conversion of latent TGF-β1 to mature TGF-β1. Unlike fluoxetine, both serotonin and sertraline did not stimulate the astrocyte release of active TGF-β1. We conclude that fluoxetine is neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity via a paracrine signaling mediated by TGF-β1, which does not result from a simplistic SERT blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Oasi Maria SantissimaTroina, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | - Simona F Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Munafò
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico NeuromedPozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome SapienzaRome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Oasi Maria Santissima Troina, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy; Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research CouncilCatania, Italy
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17
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N-Acetylcysteine in Combination with IGF-1 Enhances Neuroprotection against Proteasome Dysfunction-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 2016:6564212. [PMID: 27774335 PMCID: PMC5059605 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6564212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction has been implicated in the development of many neuronal disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies focused on individual neuroprotective agents and their respective abilities to prevent neurotoxicity following a variety of toxic insults. However, the effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on proteasome impairment-induced apoptosis have not been well characterized in human neuronal cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether cotreatment of NAC and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) efficiently protected against proteasome inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results demonstrate that the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, initiates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, caspase 3 activation, and nuclear condensation and fragmentation. In addition, MG132 treatment leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy-mediated cell death. All of these events can be attenuated without obvious reduction of MG132 induced protein ubiquitination by first treating the cells with NAC and IGF-1 separately or simultaneously prior to exposure to MG132. Moreover, our data demonstrated that the combination of the two proved to be significantly more effective for neuronal protection. Therefore, we conclude that the simultaneous use of growth/neurotrophic factors and a free radical scavenger may increase overall protection against UPS dysfunction-mediated cytotoxicity and neurodegeneration.
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18
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Advances in Stem Cells Biology: New Approaches to Understand Depression. STEM CELLS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41603-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Changes in the NMR Metabolic Profile of Live Human Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Interferon-α2. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 11:142-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Damiano S, Sasso A, De Felice B, Terrazzano G, Bresciamorra V, Carotenuto A, Orefice NS, Orefice G, Vacca G, Belfiore A, Santillo M, Mondola P. The IFN-β 1b effect on Cu Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in peripheral mononuclear blood cells of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and in neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cells. Brain Res Bull 2015; 118:1-6. [PMID: 26327496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease leading to axonal injury. Even if the etiology of MS is still unknown the disease begins with inflammation involving autoreactive T lymphocytes activation in genetically susceptible subjects. Interferon beta-1b (IFN β 1b) is one of the most used drug in the MS therapy. The results obtained in this study show that the concentration of SOD1 in CSF of relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients, evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is decreased compared to pathological controls. Moreover, the Western blotting analysis demonstrated that SOD1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in healthy controls was significantly higher compared to MS subjects before starting DMT therapy. In addition IFN β 1b therapy causes an increase of intracellular SOD1 protein as well as mRNA levels in PBMC. Moreover, the treatment of neuroblastoma SK-N-BE cells with IFN β 1b increased SOD1 protein and mRNA levels; these data also suggest that neuroprotective effect of this physiological molecule is, at least in part, carried out through its effect on SOD1. This study demonstrate that DMT therapy is able to increase SOD1 expression in PBMC of RR-MS patients. Therefore, the effectiveness of DMT therapy can be ascribed, at least in part, to an increased levels of this antioxidant enzyme as further confirmed by in vitro studies in SK-N-BE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Anna Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Bruna De Felice
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università di Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Bresciamorra
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Antonio Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Nicola S Orefice
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orefice
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Annamaria Belfiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Fisiologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
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Soleimani Asl S, Saifi B, Sakhaie A, Zargooshnia S, Mehdizadeh M. Attenuation of ecstasy-induced neurotoxicity by N-acetylcysteine. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:171-81. [PMID: 25096201 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Exposure to 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) can lead to spatial memory impairments and hippocampal cell death. Numerous evidence indicates that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exerts protective effects in the brain. The present study evaluates the effects of NAC on MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS We intraperitoneally injected 28 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) with either 0, 10 mg/kg of MDMA, or 10 mg/kg of MDMA plus 100 mg/kg of NAC. Spatial memory was assessed with a Morris Water Maze (MWM). At the end of the study, rats' brains were removed to study the structure and ultrastructure of CA1, and measure Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in the hippocampus. In the MWM, NAC treatment significantly attenuated the MDMA-induced increase in distance traveled (p < 0.05) and escape latency (p < 0.001). The decreased time spent in the target quadrant in MDMA-treated animals was attenuated by NAC (p < 0.01). NAC significantly protected against MDMA-induced apoptosis and the up- and down-regulation of Bax and Bcl-2, respectively. These data have suggested that NAC could protect against behavioral changes and apoptosis in the hippocampus following administration of MDMA. NAC might be useful for the treatment of neurotoxicity in MDMA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soleimani Asl
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Successful treatment of HIV-1 infection increases the expression of a novel, short transcript for IL-18 receptor α chain. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 67:254-7. [PMID: 25314247 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
: The importance of interleukin (IL)-18 in mediating immune activation during HIV infection has recently emerged. IL-18 activity is regulated by its receptor (IL-18R), formed by an α and a β chain, the IL-18-binding protein, and the newly identified shorter isoforms of both IL-18R chains. We evaluated gene expression of the IL-18/IL-18R system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ patients. Compared with healthy donors, IL-18 expression decreased in patients with primary infection. The IL-18Rα short transcript expression was strongly upregulated by successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV progression and its treatment can influence the expression of different components of the complex IL-18/IL-18R system.
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Silvia A, Claudia M, Cristina B, Manuel SA, Rigillo G, Blom JMC, Nicoletta B, Bruno C, Carmine PM, Fabio T. Interleukin 18 activates MAPKs and STAT3 but not NF-κB in hippocampal HT-22 cells. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 40:85-94. [PMID: 24603356 PMCID: PMC6248908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine previously demonstrated to participate in neuroinflammatory processes. Since the components of the IL-18 receptor complex are expressed in neurons throughout the brain, IL-18 is also believed to directly influence neuronal function. Here we tested this hypothesis on mouse hippocampal neurons by measuring the effects of IL-18 on three pathways previously shown to be regulated by this cytokine in non-neuronal cells: the MAPK pathways, p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs, STAT3 and NF-κB. Experiments were carried out in vitro using the immortalized hippocampal neuronal line HT-22 or in vivo following i.c.v. injection with recombinant mouse IL-18. We showed that IL-18 did not activate NF-κB in HT-22 cells whereas it induced a rapid (within 15min) activation of the MAPK pathways. Moreover, we demonstrated that IL-18 treatment enhanced P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio in the nucleus of HT-22 cells after 30-60min of exposure. A similar increase in P-STAT3 (Tyr705)/STAT3 ratio was observed in the whole hippocampus one hour after i.c.v. injection. These data demonstrate that IL-18 can act directly on neuronal cells affecting the STAT3 pathway; therefore, possibly regulating the expression of specific genes within the hippocampus. This effect may help to explain some of the IL-18-induced effects on synaptic plasticity and functionality within the hippocampal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboni Silvia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Montanari Claudia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Benatti Cristina
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sanchez-Alavez Manuel
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Giovanna Rigillo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Joan MC Blom
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Brunello Nicoletta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Conti Bruno
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Pariante M. Carmine
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tascedda Fabio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Inflammation: a mechanism of depression? Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:515-23. [PMID: 24838302 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, major depression has become more prevalent and research has shown that immune activation and cytokine production may be involved. This review is mainly focused on the contribution of inflammation to depression. We first briefly introduce the inflammatory biomarkers of depression, then discuss the sources of cytokines in the brain, and finally describe the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying the association between inflammation and depression.
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