1
|
de Vries LE, Huitinga I, Kessels HW, Swaab DF, Verhaagen J. The concept of resilience to Alzheimer's Disease: current definitions and cellular and molecular mechanisms. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:33. [PMID: 38589893 PMCID: PMC11003087 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Some individuals are able to maintain their cognitive abilities despite the presence of significant Alzheimer's Disease (AD) neuropathological changes. This discrepancy between cognition and pathology has been labeled as resilience and has evolved into a widely debated concept. External factors such as cognitive stimulation are associated with resilience to AD, but the exact cellular and molecular underpinnings are not completely understood. In this review, we discuss the current definitions used in the field, highlight the translational approaches used to investigate resilience to AD and summarize the underlying cellular and molecular substrates of resilience that have been derived from human and animal studies, which have received more and more attention in the last few years. From these studies the picture emerges that resilient individuals are different from AD patients in terms of specific pathological species and their cellular reaction to AD pathology, which possibly helps to maintain cognition up to a certain tipping point. Studying these rare resilient individuals can be of great importance as it could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luuk E de Vries
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut W Kessels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McVey Neufeld SF, Ahn M, Kunze WA, McVey Neufeld KA. Adolescence, the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis, and the Emergence of Psychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:310-318. [PMID: 37839790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Second only to early life, adolescence is a period of dramatic change and growth. For the developing young adult, this occurs against a backdrop of distinct environmental challenges and stressors. A significant body of work has identified an important role for the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis in the development and function of the brain. Given that the MGB axis is both highly plastic during the teenage years and vulnerable to environmental stressors, more attention needs to be drawn to its potential role in the emergence of psychiatric illnesses, many of which first manifest during adolescence. Here, we review the current literature surrounding the developing microbiome, enteric nervous system, vagus nerve, and brain during the adolescent period. We also examine preclinical and clinical research involving the MGB axis during this dynamic developmental window and argue that more research is needed to further understand the role of the MGB in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. Greater understanding of the adolescent MGB axis will open up the exciting potential for new microbial-based therapeutics for the treatment of these often-refractory psychiatric illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Ahn
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang A Kunze
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen-Anne McVey Neufeld
- McMaster Brain-Body Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin DJ, Backus D, Chakraborty S, Liew SL, Valero-Cuevas FJ, Patten C, Cotton RJ. Transforming modeling in neurorehabilitation: clinical insights for personalized rehabilitation. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38311729 PMCID: PMC10840185 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Practicing clinicians in neurorehabilitation continue to lack a systematic evidence base to personalize rehabilitation therapies to individual patients and thereby maximize outcomes. Computational modeling- collecting, analyzing, and modeling neurorehabilitation data- holds great promise. A key question is how can computational modeling contribute to the evidence base for personalized rehabilitation? As representatives of the clinicians and clinician-scientists who attended the 2023 NSF DARE conference at USC, here we offer our perspectives and discussion on this topic. Our overarching thesis is that clinical insight should inform all steps of modeling, from construction to output, in neurorehabilitation and that this process requires close collaboration between researchers and the clinical community. We start with two clinical case examples focused on motor rehabilitation after stroke which provide context to the heterogeneity of neurologic injury, the complexity of post-acute neurologic care, the neuroscience of recovery, and the current state of outcome assessment in rehabilitation clinical care. Do we provide different therapies to these two different patients to maximize outcomes? Asking this question leads to a corollary: how do we build the evidence base to support the use of different therapies for individual patients? We discuss seven points critical to clinical translation of computational modeling research in neurorehabilitation- (i) clinical endpoints, (ii) hypothesis- versus data-driven models, (iii) biological processes, (iv) contextualizing outcome measures, (v) clinical collaboration for device translation, (vi) modeling in the real world and (vii) clinical touchpoints across all stages of research. We conclude with our views on key avenues for future investment (clinical-research collaboration, new educational pathways, interdisciplinary engagement) to enable maximal translational value of computational modeling research in neurorehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care and Stroke Service, Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Deborah Backus
- Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuti Chakraborty
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francisco J Valero-Cuevas
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carolynn Patten
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - R James Cotton
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernandez DP, Cruz DM, Martinez CS, Garcia LM, Figueroa A, Villarreal M, Manoj LM, Lopez S, López-Lorenzo KD, López-Juárez A. Gender-Specific Fine Motor Skill Learning Is Impaired by Myelin-Targeted Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:477. [PMID: 38339230 PMCID: PMC10854893 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. The clinical presentation of NF1 includes diverse neurological issues in pediatric and adult patients, ranging from learning disabilities, motor skill issues, and attention deficit disorder, to increased risk of depression and dementia. Preclinical research suggests that abnormal neuronal signaling mediates spatial learning and attention issues in NF1; however, drugs that improve phenotypes in models show inconclusive results in clinical trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of NF1 pathophysiology and broader therapeutic options. Most NF1 patients show abnormalities in their brain white matter (WM) and myelin, and links with NF1 neuropathophysiology have been suggested; however, no current data can clearly support or refute this idea. We reported that myelin-targeted Nf1 mutation impacts oligodendrocyte signaling, myelin ultrastructure, WM connectivity, and sensory-motor behaviors in mice; however, any impact on learning and memory remains unknown. Here, we adapted a voluntary running test-the complex wheel (CW; a wheel with unevenly spaced rungs)-to delineate fine motor skill learning curves following induction of an Nf1 mutation in pre-existing myelinating cells (pNf1 mice). We found that pNf1 mutant females experience delayed or impaired learning in the CW, while proper learning in pNf1 males is predominantly disrupted; these phenotypes add complexity to the gender-dependent learning differences in the mouse strain used. No broad differences in memory of acquired CW skills were detected in any gender, but gene-dose effects were observed at the studied time points. Finally, nitric oxide signaling regulation differentially impacted learning in wild type (WT)/pNf1, male/female mice. Our results provide evidence for fine motor skill learning issues upon induction of an Nf1 mutation in mature myelinating cells. Together with previous connectivity, cellular, and molecular analyses, these results diversify the potential treatments for neurological issues in NF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniella P. Hernandez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Daniela M. Cruz
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Celeste S. Martinez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Larisa M. Garcia
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Ashley Figueroa
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Marisol Villarreal
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Liya M. Manoj
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Saul Lopez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | | | - Alejandro López-Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hults CM, Francis RC, Clint EK, Smith W, Sober ER, Garland T, Rhodes JS. Still little evidence sex differences in spatial navigation are evolutionary adaptations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231532. [PMID: 38234440 PMCID: PMC10791541 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A putative male advantage in wayfinding ability is the most widely documented sex difference in human cognition and has also been observed in other animals. The common interpretation, the sex-specific adaptation hypothesis, posits that this male advantage evolved as an adaptive response to sex differences in home range size. A previous study a decade ago tested this hypothesis by comparing sex differences in home range size and spatial ability among 11 species and found no relationship. However, the study was limited by the small sample size, the lack of species with a larger female home range and the lack of non-Western human data. The present study represents an update that addresses all of these limitations, including data from 10 more species and from human subsistence cultures. Consistent with the previous result, we found little evidence that sex differences in spatial navigation and home range size are related. We conclude that sex differences in spatial ability are more likely due to experiential factors and/or unselected biological side effects, rather than functional outcomes of natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor M. Hults
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | | | - Edward K. Clint
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, USA
| | - Winter Smith
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, USA
| | - Elliott R. Sober
- Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Justin S. Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lehmann N, Aye N, Kaufmann J, Heinze HJ, Düzel E, Ziegler G, Taubert M. Changes in Cortical Microstructure of the Human Brain Resulting from Long-Term Motor Learning. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8637-8648. [PMID: 37875377 PMCID: PMC10727185 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0537-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms subserving motor skill acquisition and learning in the intact human brain are not fully understood. Previous studies in animals have demonstrated a causal relationship between motor learning and structural rearrangements of synaptic connections, raising the question of whether neurite-specific changes are also observable in humans. Here, we use advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sensitive to dendritic and axonal processes, to investigate neuroplasticity in response to long-term motor learning. We recruited healthy male and female human participants (age range 19-29) who learned a challenging dynamic balancing task (DBT) over four consecutive weeks. Diffusion MRI signals were fitted using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI), a theory-driven biophysical model of diffusion, yielding measures of tissue volume, neurite density and the organizational complexity of neurites. While NODDI indices were unchanged and reliable during the control period, neurite orientation dispersion increased significantly during the learning period mainly in primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, premotor, supplementary, and cingulate motor areas. Importantly, reorganization of cortical microstructure during the learning phase predicted concurrent behavioral changes, whereas there was no relationship between microstructural changes during the control phase and learning. Changes in neurite complexity were independent of alterations in tissue density, cortical thickness, and intracortical myelin. Our results are in line with the notion that structural modulation of neurites is a key mechanism supporting complex motor learning in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The structural correlates of motor learning in the human brain are not fully understood. Results from animal studies suggest that synaptic remodeling (e.g., reorganization of dendritic spines) in sensorimotor-related brain areas is a crucial mechanism for the formation of motor memory. Using state-of-the-art diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found a behaviorally relevant increase in the organizational complexity of neocortical microstructure, mainly in primary sensorimotor, prefrontal, premotor, supplementary, and cingulate motor regions, following training of a challenging dynamic balancing task (DBT). Follow-up analyses suggested structural modulation of synapses as a plausible mechanism driving this increase, while colocalized changes in cortical thickness, tissue density, and intracortical myelin could not be detected. These results advance our knowledge about the neurobiological basis of motor learning in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lehmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Norman Aye
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg 39118, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Marco Taubert
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39104, Germany
- Center for Behavioral and Brain Science (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Wang Z, Wei T, Zhou S, Yin Y, Mi Y, Liu X, Tang Y. Alterations of Audiovisual Integration in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1859-1872. [PMID: 37812301 PMCID: PMC10661680 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Audiovisual integration is a vital information process involved in cognition and is closely correlated with aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, we evaluated the altered audiovisual integrative behavioral symptoms in AD. We further analyzed the relationships between AD pathologies and audiovisual integration alterations bidirectionally and suggested the possible mechanisms of audiovisual integration alterations underlying AD, including the imbalance between energy demand and supply, activity-dependent degeneration, disrupted brain networks, and cognitive resource overloading. Then, based on the clinical characteristics including electrophysiological and imaging data related to audiovisual integration, we emphasized the value of audiovisual integration alterations as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and progression of AD. We also highlighted that treatments targeted audiovisual integration contributed to widespread pathological improvements in AD animal models and cognitive improvements in AD patients. Moreover, investigation into audiovisual integration alterations in AD also provided new insights and comprehension about sensory information processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shaojiong Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yingxin Mi
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaoduo Liu
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology and Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee SH, Shnitko TA, Hsu LM, Broadwater MA, Sardinas M, Wang TWW, Robinson DL, Vetreno RP, Crews FT, Shih YYI. Acute alcohol induces greater dose-dependent increase in the lateral cortical network functional connectivity in adult than adolescent rats. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100105. [PMID: 37576436 PMCID: PMC10421607 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and, particularly adolescent drinking, is a major public health concern. While evidence suggests that adolescent alcohol use affects frontal brain regions that are important for cognitive control over behavior little is known about how acute alcohol exposure alters large-scale brain networks and how sex and age may moderate such effects. Here, we employ a recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocol to acquire rat brain functional connectivity data and use an established analytical pipeline to examine the effect of sex, age, and alcohol dose on connectivity within and between three major rodent brain networks: defaul mode, salience, and lateral cortical network. We identify the intra- and inter-network connectivity differences and establish moderation models to reveal significant influences of age on acute alcohol-induced lateral cortical network connectivity. Through this work, we make brain-wide isotropic fMRI data with acute alcohol challenge publicly available, with the hope to facilitate future discovery of brain regions/circuits that are causally relevant to the impact of acute alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Lee
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tatiana A. Shnitko
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A. Broadwater
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mabelle Sardinas
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen Winnie Wang
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donita L. Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Center for Animal MRI, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rocco K, Drobnyk W, Bruce S, Soumerai SB. Ayres Sensory Integration Therapy for a Child With Rett Syndrome: A Case Report. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2023; 17:11795565231188939. [PMID: 37529622 PMCID: PMC10387803 DOI: 10.1177/11795565231188939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe dyspraxia, hand stereotypies, and sensory processing issues for which there is no known treatment. This case describes a child with classic RTT and the child's responses to an Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) treatment intervention (36 one-hour sessions, 3 per week). We coded and analyzed 36 detailed treatment notes to answer the following questions: What strategies and factors facilitated or interfered with participation in the intervention? What critical elements of treatment documentation might detect small changes in praxis and participation? How do patterns of motor or praxis milestones that emerge over time relate to this child's level of participation? We observed an increase in participation when the therapist incorporated elements of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and motor learning theory- treatment strategies commonly used with children who have neuromotor conditions. This increase in participation in the ASI intervention emerged at approximately the same time that the therapist documented acquisition of new motor and praxis skills. We observed the importance of using: lateral movement activities to develop weight-shifting and bilateral coordination, rotary play to increase trunk rotation and improve postural transitions, and rhythm to promote continuing or initiating actions. The documentation of the specific amounts of assistance and prompting needed during treatment sessions was an important tool for tracking small yet meaningful responses to treatment. This case illustrates a novel use of ASI intervention supplemented with strategies that developed foundational skills, and the emergence of praxis and participation in the therapeutic intervention. We suggest further research is needed to determine efficacy of ASI for other children with this rare disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Bruce
- Special Education, Curriculum & Instruction, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Stephen B Soumerai
- Department of Population Medicine and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen C, Khanthiyong B, Charoenlappanit S, Roytrakul S, Reynolds GP, Thanoi S, Nudmamud-Thanoi S. Cholinergic-estrogen interaction is associated with the effect of education on attenuating cognitive sex differences in a Thai healthy population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278080. [PMID: 37471329 PMCID: PMC10358962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of human brain is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. Sex differences in cognitive function have been found in humans as a result of sexual dimorphism in neural information transmission. Numerous studies have reported the positive effects of education on cognitive functions. However, little work has investigated the effect of education on attenuating cognitive sex differences and the neural mechanisms behind it based on healthy population. In this study, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was employed to examine sex differences in cognitive function in 135 Thai healthy subjects, and label-free quantitative proteomic method and bioinformatic analysis were used to study sex-specific neurotransmission-related protein expression profiles. The results showed sex differences in two WCST sub-scores: percentage of Total corrects and Total errors in the primary education group (Bayes factor>100) with males performed better, while such differences eliminated in secondary and tertiary education levels. Moreover, 11 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between men and women (FDR<0.1) were presented in both education groups, with majority of them upregulated in females. Half of those DEPs interacted directly with nAChR3, whereas the other DEPs were indirectly connected to the cholinergic pathways through interaction with estrogen. These findings provided a preliminary indication that a cholinergic-estrogen interaction relates to, and might underpin, the effect of education on attenuating cognitive sex differences in a Thai healthy population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Medical Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Gavin P. Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Samur Thanoi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mae Ka, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Faraji J, Metz GAS. Toward reframing brain-social dynamics: current assumptions and future challenges. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1211442. [PMID: 37484686 PMCID: PMC10359502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1211442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary analyses suggest that the human social brain and sociality appeared together. The two fundamental tools that accelerated the concurrent emergence of the social brain and sociality include learning and plasticity. The prevailing core idea is that the primate brain and the cortex in particular became reorganised over the course of evolution to facilitate dynamic adaptation to ongoing changes in physical and social environments. Encouraged by computational or survival demands or even by instinctual drives for living in social groups, the brain eventually learned how to learn from social experience via its massive plastic capacity. A fundamental framework for modeling these orchestrated dynamic responses is that social plasticity relies upon neuroplasticity. In the present article, we first provide a glimpse into the concepts of plasticity, experience, with emphasis on social experience. We then acknowledge and integrate the current theoretical concepts to highlight five key intertwined assumptions within social neuroscience that underlie empirical approaches for explaining the brain-social dynamics. We suggest that this epistemological view provides key insights into the ontology of current conceptual frameworks driving future research to successfully deal with new challenges and possible caveats in favour of the formulation of novel assumptions. In the light of contemporary societal challenges, such as global pandemics, natural disasters, violent conflict, and other human tragedies, discovering the mechanisms of social brain plasticity will provide new approaches to support adaptive brain plasticity and social resilience.
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiu A, Liu C. Pathways link environmental and genetic factors with structural brain networks and psychopathology in youth. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1042-1051. [PMID: 36928354 PMCID: PMC10209108 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of significant brain development and maturation, and it is a time when many mental health problems first emerge. This study aimed to explore a comprehensive map that describes possible pathways from genetic and environmental risks to structural brain organization and psychopathology in adolescents. We included 32 environmental items on developmental adversity, maternal substance use, parental psychopathology, socioeconomic status (SES), school and family environment; 10 child psychopathological scales; polygenic risk scores (PRS) for 10 psychiatric disorders, total problems, and cognitive ability; and structural brain networks in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD, n = 9168). Structural equation modeling found two pathways linking SES, brain, and psychopathology. Lower SES was found to be associated with lower structural connectivity in the posterior default mode network and greater salience structural connectivity, and with more severe psychosis and internalizing in youth (p < 0.001). Prematurity and birth weight were associated with early-developed sensorimotor and subcortical networks (p < 0.001). Increased parental psychopathology, decreased SES and school engagement was related to elevated family conflict, psychosis, and externalizing behaviors in youth (p < 0.001). Increased maternal substance use predicted increased developmental adversity, internalizing, and psychosis (p < 0.001). But, polygenic risks for psychiatric disorders had moderate effects on brain structural connectivity and psychopathology in youth. These findings suggest that a range of genetic and environmental factors can influence brain structural organization and psychopathology during adolescence, and that addressing these risk factors may be important for promoting positive mental health outcomes in young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chaoqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai J, Xie M, Zhao L, Li X, Liang S, Deng W, Guo W, Ma X, Sham PC, Wang Q, Li T. White matter changes and its relationship with clinical symptom in medication-naive first-episode early onset schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103482. [PMID: 36709613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the role of white matter (WM) alterations as biomarkers of the disease state and prognosis of schizophrenia. However, less is known about WM abnormalities in the rarely occurring adolescent early onset schizophrenia (EOS). In this study, T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted images were collected in 56 medication-naive first-episode participants with EOS and 43 healthy controls (HCs). Using Tract-based Spatial Statistics, we calculate case-control differences in scalar diffusion measures, i.e. fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and investigated their association with clinical feature in participants with EOS. Compared with HCs, decreased MD was found in EOS group most notably in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corticospinal tract in the right hemisphere. No significant difference was found in FA between these two groups. The FA values of the forceps minor and the right superior longitudinal fasciculus were suggested to be related to the severity of clinical symptom in participants with EOS. These results provide clues about the neural basis of schizophrenia and a potential biomarker for clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Xie
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sugai Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Landolfo E, Cutuli D, Decandia D, Balsamo F, Petrosini L, Gelfo F. Environmental Enrichment Protects against Neurotoxic Effects of Lipopolysaccharide: A Comprehensive Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065404. [PMID: 36982478 PMCID: PMC10049264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathophysiological condition associated with damage to the nervous system. Maternal immune activation and early immune activation have adverse effects on the development of the nervous system and cognitive functions. Neuroinflammation during adulthood leads to neurodegenerative diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used in preclinical research to mimic neurotoxic effects leading to systemic inflammation. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been reported to cause a wide range of beneficial changes in the brain. Based on the above, the purpose of the present review is to describe the effects of exposure to EE paradigms in counteracting LPS-induced neuroinflammation throughout the lifespan. Up to October 2022, a methodical search of studies in the literature, using the PubMed and Scopus databases, was performed, focusing on exposure to LPS, as an inflammatory mediator, and to EE paradigms in preclinical murine models. On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were considered and analyzed in the present review. EE exerts sex- and age-dependent neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in animals exposed to the neurotoxic action of LPS. EE’s beneficial effects are present throughout the various ages of life. A healthy lifestyle and stimulating environments are essential to counteract the damages induced by neurotoxic exposure to LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Balsamo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xue Z, Xu Y, Jin C, Liang Y, Cai Z, Sun J. Halide perovskite photoelectric artificial synapses: materials, devices, and applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4653-4668. [PMID: 36805124 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a research boom on halide perovskites (HPs) whose outstanding performance in photovoltaic and optoelectronic fields is obvious to all. In particular, HP materials find application in the development of artificial synapses. HP-based synapses have great potential for artificial neuromorphic systems, which is due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, femtojoule-level energy consumption, and simple fabrication process. In this review, we present the physical properties of HPs and describe two types of synaptic devices including two-terminal (2T) memristors and three-terminal (3T) transistors. The HP layer in 2T memristors can realize the change in the device conductance through physical mechanisms dominated by ion migration. On the other hand, HPs in 3T transistors can be used as efficient light-absorbing layers and rely on some special device structures to provide reliable current changes. In the final section of the article, we discuss some of the existing applications of HP-based synapses and bottlenecks to be solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Xue
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yunchao Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yihuan Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Cai
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South, University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bero J, Li Y, Kumar A, Humphries C, Nag S, Lee H, Ahn WY, Hahn S, Constable RT, Kim H, Lee D. Coordinated anatomical and functional variability in the human brain during adolescence. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1767-1778. [PMID: 36479851 PMCID: PMC9921246 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a time of unparalleled brain development. In particular, developmental changes in morphometric and cytoarchitectural features are accompanied by maturation in the functional connectivity (FC). Here, we examined how three facets of the brain, including myelination, cortical thickness (CT), and resting-state FC, interact in children between the ages of 10 and 15. We investigated the pattern of coordination in these measures by computing correlation matrices for each measure as well as meta-correlations among them both at the regional and network levels. The results revealed consistently higher meta-correlations among myelin, CT, and FC in the sensory-motor cortical areas than in the association cortical areas. We also found that these meta-correlations were stable and little affected by age-related changes in each measure. In addition, regional variations in the meta-correlations were consistent with the previously identified gradient in the FC and therefore reflected the hierarchy of cortical information processing, and this relationship persists in the adult brain. These results demonstrate that heterogeneity in FC among multiple cortical areas are closely coordinated with the development of cortical myelination and thickness during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Bero
- Neurogazer, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yang Li
- Neurogazer, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Woo Young Ahn
- Department of PsychologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Sowon Hahn
- Department of PsychologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Robert Todd Constable
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and NeurosurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hackjin Kim
- Department of PsychologyKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- Neurogazer, Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Key role of Rho GTPases in motor disorders associated with neurodevelopmental pathologies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:118-126. [PMID: 35918397 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that Rho GTPases and molecules involved in their signaling pathways play a major role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Whole exome sequencing (WES) and de novo examination of mutations, including SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) in genes coding for the molecules of their signaling cascade, has allowed the recent discovery of dominant autosomic mutations and duplication or deletion of candidates in the field of neurodevelopmental diseases (NDD). Epidemiological studies show that the co-occurrence of several of these neurological pathologies may indeed be the rule. The regulators of Rho GTPases have often been considered for cognitive diseases such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism. But, in a remarkable way, mild to severe motor symptoms are now reported in autism and other cognitive NDD. Although a more abundant litterature reports the involvement of Rho GTPases and signaling partners in cognitive development, molecular investigations on their roles in central nervous system (CNS) development or degenerative CNS pathologies also reveal their role in embryonic and perinatal motor wiring through axon guidance and later in synaptic plasticity. Thus, Rho family small GTPases have been revealed to play a key role in brain functions including learning and memory but their precise role in motor development and associated symptoms in NDD has been poorly scoped so far, despite increasing clinical data highlighting the links between cognition and motor development. Indeed, early impairements in fine or gross motor performance is often an associated feature of NDDs, which then impact social communication, cognition, emotion, and behavior. We review here recent insights derived from clinical developmental neurobiology in the field of Rho GTPases and NDD (autism spectrum related disorder (ASD), ID, schizophrenia, hypotonia, spastic paraplegia, bipolar disorder and dyslexia), with a specific focus on genetic alterations affecting Rho GTPases that are involved in motor circuit development.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nolvi S, Merz EC, Kataja EL, Parsons CE. Prenatal Stress and the Developing Brain: Postnatal Environments Promoting Resilience. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 93:942-952. [PMID: 36870895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heightened maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with atypical brain development and an elevated risk for psychopathology in offspring. Supportive environments during early postnatal life may promote brain development and reverse atypical developmental trajectories induced by prenatal stress. We reviewed studies focused on the role of key early environmental factors in moderating associations between prenatal stress exposure and infant brain and neurocognitive outcomes. Specifically, we focused on the associations between parental caregiving quality, environmental enrichment, social support, and socioeconomic status with infant brain and neurocognitive outcomes. We examined the evidence that these factors may moderate the effects of prenatal stress on the developing brain. Complementing findings from translational models, human research suggests that high-quality early postnatal environments are associated with indices of infant neurodevelopment that have also been associated with prenatal stress, such as hippocampal volume and frontolimbic connectivity. Human studies also suggest that maternal sensitivity and higher socioeconomic status may attenuate the effects of prenatal stress on established neurocognitive and neuroendocrine mediators of risk for psychopathology, such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Biological pathways that may underlie the effects of positive early environments on the infant brain, including the epigenome, oxytocin, and inflammation, are also discussed. Future research in humans should examine resilience-promoting processes in relation to infant brain development using large sample sizes and longitudinal designs. The findings from this review could be incorporated into clinical models of risk and resilience during the perinatal period and used to design more effective early programs that reduce risk for psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Nolvi
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Emily C Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- Department of Clinical Medicine, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Center for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christine E Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taking Sides: Asymmetries in the Evolution of Human Brain Development in Better Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmation from structural, functional, and behavioral studies agree and suggest a configuration of atypical lateralization in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). It is suggested that patterns of cortical and behavioral atypicality are evident in individuals with ASDs with atypical lateralization being common in individuals with ASDs. The paper endeavors to better understand the relationship between alterations in typical cortical asymmetries and functional lateralization in ASD in evolutionary terms. We have proposed that both early genetic and/or environmental influences can alter the developmental process of cortical lateralization. There invariably is a “chicken or egg” issue that arises whether atypical cortical anatomy associated with abnormal function, or alternatively whether functional atypicality generates abnormal structure.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kudryavtseva VA, Moiseeva AV, Mukhamedova SG, Piavchenko GA, Kuznetsov SL. Age- and sex-related dynamics of structural and functional motor behavior interactions in striatum neurons in rats. SECHENOV MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.2.20-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To study the age-related dynamics of structural and functional interactions of striatal neurons in the implementation of acts of motor behaviour in rats of both sexes.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 36 Wistar rats of both sexes aged 2, 7 and 16 months (n = 6 per group). In animals of all groups, locomotor activity was determined using a Laboras device (Metris, the Netherlands) for15 minutes, after which the brain was sampled to determine the number and size of neurons in the striatum. The median and interquartile range of the index of motor activity and the number of neurons were determined, and to study the relationship between these indicators, a correlation and regression analysis was performed with the construction of linear and polynomial trends, and the coefficient of determination R2 was calculated.Results. The size of neurons did not change significantly with age in the rats of both sexes. The number of neurons differed statistically in the rats of different sexes in all age groups. In male rats, the maximum number of neurons was noted at the age of 7 months with a decrease to 16 months. In female rats, the maximum number of neurons was recorded at the age of 2 months with a further decrease to 7 and 16 months. According to the regression analysis, a linear strong relationship (R2 =0.80 for males, R2 = 0.79 for females) was established between the number of neurons in the striatum and motor activity in 2-month-old animals. At the age of 7 and 16 months the relationship is non-linear.Conclusion. The number of neurons in the striatum is subject to sex and age dynamics, while their size remains unchanged from 2 to 16 months. For animals of both sexes, a decrease in the role of the striatum in providing motor activity in the process of growing up was noted. This relationship reaches its maximum in 2-month-old rats and then decreases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. V. Moiseeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - S. G. Mukhamedova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - G. A. Piavchenko
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - S. L. Kuznetsov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Restoring Age-Related Cognitive Decline through Environmental Enrichment: A Transcriptomic Approach. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233864. [PMID: 36497123 PMCID: PMC9736066 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the greatest health threats of old age and the maintenance of optimal brain function across a lifespan remains a big challenge. The hippocampus is considered particularly vulnerable but there is cross-species consensus that its functional integrity benefits from the early and continuous exercise of demanding physical, social and mental activities, also referred to as environmental enrichment (EE). Here, we investigated the extent to which late-onset EE can improve the already-impaired cognitive abilities of lifelong deprived C57BL/6 mice and how it affects gene expression in the hippocampus. To this end, 5- and 24-month-old mice housed in standard cages (5mSC and 24mSC) and 24-month-old mice exposed to EE in the last 2 months of their life (24mEE) were subjected to a Barnes maze task followed by next-generation RNA sequencing of the hippocampal tissue. Our analyses showed that late-onset EE was able to restore deficits in spatial learning and short-term memory in 24-month-old mice. These positive cognitive effects were reflected by specific changes in the hippocampal transcriptome, where late-onset EE affected transcription much more than age (24mSC vs. 24mEE: 1311 DEGs, 24mSC vs. 5mSC: 860 DEGs). Remarkably, a small intersection of 72 age-related DEGs was counter-regulated by late-onset EE. Of these, Bcl3, Cttnbp2, Diexf, Esr2, Grb10, Il4ra, Inhba, Rras2, Rps6ka1 and Socs3 appear to be particularly relevant as key regulators involved in dendritic spine plasticity and in age-relevant molecular signaling cascades mediating senescence, insulin resistance, apoptosis and tissue regeneration. In summary, our observations suggest that the brains of aged mice in standard cage housing preserve a considerable degree of plasticity. Switching them to EE proved to be a promising and non-pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
22
|
Investigating the Role of GABA in Neural Development and Disease Using Mice Lacking GAD67 or VGAT Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147965. [PMID: 35887307 PMCID: PMC9318753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal development and function of the central nervous system involves a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Activity of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons is modulated by inhibitory signalling of the GABAergic and glycinergic systems. Mechanisms that regulate formation, maturation, refinement, and maintenance of inhibitory synapses are established in early life. Deviations from ideal excitatory and inhibitory balance, such as down-regulated inhibition, are linked with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. In the mammalian forebrain, GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, binding to GABA receptors, opening chloride channels and hyperpolarizing the cell. We review the involvement of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in neurological disorders, possible mechanisms for disease progression, and targets for therapeutic intervention. We conclude that transgenic models of disrupted inhibitory signalling—in GAD67+/− and VGAT−/− mice—are useful for investigating the effects of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in a range of neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao Y, Paulus M, Bagot KS, Constable RT, Yaggi HK, Redeker NS, Potenza MN. Brain structural covariation linked to screen media activity and externalizing behaviors in children. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:417-426. [PMID: 35895476 PMCID: PMC9295222 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Screen media activity (SMA) may impact neurodevelopment in youth. Cross-sectionally, SMA has been linked to brain structural patterns including cortical thinning in children. However, it remains unclear whether specific brain structural co-variation patterns are related to SMA and other clinically relevant measures such as psychopathology, cognition and sleep in children. Methods Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) participants with useable baseline structural imaging (N = 10,691; 5,107 girls) were analyzed. We first used the Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE) approach to identify cortical and subcortical covariation pattern(s) among a set of 221 brain features (i.e., surface area, thickness, or cortical and subcortical gray matter (GM) volumes). Then, the identified structural covariation pattern was used as a predictor in linear mixed-effect models to investigate its associations with SMA, psychopathology, and cognitive and sleep measures. Results A thalamus-prefrontal cortex (PFC)-brainstem structural co-variation pattern (circuit) was identified. The pattern suggests brainstem and bilateral thalamus proper GM volumes covary more strongly with GM volume and/or surface area in bilateral superior frontal gyral, rostral middle frontal, inferior parietal, and inferior temporal regions. This covariation pattern highly resembled one previously linked to alcohol use initiation prior to adulthood and was consistent in girls and boys. Subsequent regression analyses showed that this co-variation pattern associated with SMA (β = 0.107, P = 0.002) and externalizing psychopathology (β = 0.117, P = 0.002), respectively. Discussion and Conclusions Findings linking SMA-related structural covariation to externalizing psychopathology in youth resonate with prior studies of alcohol-use initiation and suggest a potential neurodevelopmental mechanism underlying addiction vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhao
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Kara S. Bagot
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Biomedical Engineering, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H. Klar Yaggi
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, VA Connecticut HCS, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Balietti M, Conti F. Environmental enrichment and the aging brain: is it time for standardization? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104728. [PMID: 35691473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging entails a progressive decline of cognitive abilities. However, since the brain is endowed with considerable plasticity, adequate stimulation can delay or partially compensate for age-related structural and functional impairment. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been reported to determine a wide range of cerebral changes. Although most findings have been obtained in young and adult animals, research has recently turned to aged individuals. Notably, EE can contribute identifying key lifestyle factors whose change can help extend the "mind-span", i.e., the time an individual lives in a healthy cognitive condition. Here we discuss specific methodological issues that can affect the outcomes of EE interventions applied to aged rodents, summarize the main variables that would need standardization (e.g., timing and duration, enrichment items, control animals and setting), and offer some suggestions on how this goal may be achieved. Reaching a consensus on EE experiment design would significantly reduce differences between and within laboratories, enable constructive discussions among researchers, and improve data interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Balietti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy; Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim JJ, Sapio MR, Vazquez FA, Maric D, Loydpierson AJ, Ma W, Zarate CA, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. Transcriptional Activation, Deactivation and Rebound Patterns in Cortex, Hippocampus and Amygdala in Response to Ketamine Infusion in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:892345. [PMID: 35706427 PMCID: PMC9190438 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.892345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist, is a recently revitalized treatment for pain and depression, yet its actions at the molecular level remain incompletely defined. In this molecular-pharmacological investigation in the rat, we used short- and longer-term infusions of high dose ketamine to stimulate neuronal transcription processes. We hypothesized that a progressively stronger modulation of neuronal gene networks would occur over time in cortical and limbic pathways. A continuous intravenous administration paradigm for ketamine was developed in rat consisting of short (1 h) and long duration (10 h, and 10 h + 24 h recovery) infusions of anesthetic concentrations to activate or inhibit gene transcription in a pharmacokinetically controlled fashion. Transcription was measured by RNA-Seq in three brain regions: frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Cellular level gene localization was performed with multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization. Induction of a shared transcriptional regulatory network occurred within 1 h in all three brain regions consisting of (a) genes involved in stimulus-transcription factor coupling that are induced during altered synaptic activity (immediate early genes, IEGs, such as c-Fos, 9–12 significant genes per brain region, p < 0.01 per gene) and (b) the Nrf2 oxidative stress-antioxidant response pathway downstream from glutamate signaling (Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2) containing 12–25 increasing genes (p < 0.01) per brain region. By 10 h of infusion, the acute results were further reinforced and consisted of more and stronger gene alterations reflecting a sustained and accentuated ketamine modulation of regional excitation and plasticity. At the cellular level, in situ hybridization localized up-regulation of the plasticity-associated gene Bdnf, and the transcription factors Nr4a1 and Fos, in cortical layers III and V. After 24 h recovery, we observed overshoot of transcriptional processes rather than a smooth return to homeostasis suggesting an oscillation of plasticity occurs during the transition to a new phase of neuronal regulation. These data elucidate critical molecular regulatory actions during and downstream of ketamine administration that may contribute to the unique drug actions of this anesthetic agent. These molecular investigations point to pathways linked to therapeutically useful attributes of ketamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny J. Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernando A. Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amelia J. Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenting Ma
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J. Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Iadarola, ,
| | - Andrew J. Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Luciana M, Collins PF. Neuroplasticity, the Prefrontal Cortex, and Psychopathology-Related Deviations in Cognitive Control. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:443-469. [PMID: 35534121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A basic survival need is the ability to respond to, and persevere in the midst of, experiential challenges. Mechanisms of neuroplasticity permit this responsivity via functional adaptations (flexibility), as well as more substantial structural modifications following chronic stress or injury. This review focuses on prefrontally based flexibility, expressed throughout large-scale neuronal networks through the actions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. With substance use disorders and stress-related internalizing disorders as exemplars, we review human behavioral and neuroimaging data, considering whether executive control, particularly cognitive flexibility, is impaired premorbidly, enduringly compromised with illness progression, or both. We conclude that deviations in control processes are consistently expressed in the context of active illness but operate through different mechanisms and with distinct longitudinal patterns in externalizing versus internalizing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; ,
| | - Paul F Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Borge Blystad J, van der Meer ALH. Longitudinal study of infants receiving extra motor stimulation, full‐term control infants, and infants born preterm: High‐density EEG analyses of cortical activity in response to visual motion. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22276. [PMID: 35603414 PMCID: PMC9325384 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography was used to investigate the effects of extrastimulation and preterm birth on the development of visual motion perception during early infancy. Infants receiving extra motor stimulation in the form of baby swimming, a traditionally raised control group, and preterm born infants were presented with an optic flow pattern simulating forward and reversed self‐motion and unstructured random visual motion before and after they achieved self‐produced locomotion. Extrastimulated infants started crawling earlier and displayed significantly shorter N2 latencies in response to visual motion than their full‐term and preterm peers. Preterm infants could not differentiate between visual motion conditions, nor did they significantly decrease their latencies with age and locomotor experience. Differences in induced activities were also observed with desynchronized theta‐band activity in all infants, but with more mature synchronized alpha–beta band activity only in extrastimulated infants after they had become mobile. Compared with the other infants, preterm infants showed more widespread desynchronized oscillatory activities at lower frequencies at the age of 1 year (corrected for prematurity). The overall advanced performance of extrastimulated infants was attributed to their enriched motor stimulation. The poorer responses in the preterm infants could be related to impairment of the dorsal visual stream that is specialized in the processing of visual motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Borge Blystad
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| | - Audrey L. H. van der Meer
- Developmental Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Apicella A, Arpaia P, Frosolone M, Improta G, Moccaldi N, Pollastro A. EEG-based measurement system for monitoring student engagement in learning 4.0. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5857. [PMID: 35393470 PMCID: PMC8987513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A wearable system for the personalized EEG-based detection of engagement in learning 4.0 is proposed. In particular, the effectiveness of the proposed solution is assessed by means of the classification accuracy in predicting engagement. The system can be used to make an automated teaching platform adaptable to the user, by managing eventual drops in the cognitive and emotional engagement. The effectiveness of the learning process mainly depends on the engagement level of the learner. In case of distraction, lack of interest or superficial participation, the teaching strategy could be personalized by an automatic modulation of contents and communication strategies. The system is validated by an experimental case study on twenty-one students. The experimental task was to learn how a specific human-machine interface works. Both the cognitive and motor skills of participants were involved. De facto standard stimuli, namely (1) cognitive task (Continuous Performance Test), (2) music background (Music Emotion Recognition-MER database), and (3) social feedback (Hermans and De Houwer database), were employed to guarantee a metrologically founded reference. In within-subject approach, the proposed signal processing pipeline (Filter bank, Common Spatial Pattern, and Support Vector Machine), reaches almost 77% average accuracy, in detecting both cognitive and emotional engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Apicella
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Arpaia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mirco Frosolone
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Improta
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Moccaldi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Pollastro
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Neel ML, de Silva A, Taylor HG, Benninger K, Busch T, Hone E, Moore-Clingenpeel M, Pietruszewski L, Maitre NL. Exceeding expectations after perinatal risks for poor development: associations in term- and preterm-born preschoolers. J Perinatol 2022; 42:491-498. [PMID: 34711935 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define parenting/social characteristics associated with better-than-expected cognitive and motor outcomes in preschoolers at similar perinatal biological risk-level including various gestational ages at birth (GA) and perinatal complications. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study (n = 87) of children at four years, median GA 29 weeks (IQR 26, 38). Assessments included Differential Ability Scales, Movement Assessment Battery, parenting styles, and social risk scores. Perinatal risk factors were weighted based on regression models for each outcome; individual calculated risk scores became predictors to extract standardized residuals from the mean (>1 SD above mean = better-than-expected). Mixed-effect regressions examined associations between positive adaptation and parenting/social factors. RESULT Perinatal risk scores explained 21-53% outcome variability. Children across all GA displayed positive adaptation. Children of parents with higher authoritarian scores had higher odds of better-than-expected outcomes (OR 1.17, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION Parental structure may promote positive adaptation at preschool age in children with perinatal risk factors for poor development, including extreme prematurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lauren Neel
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Aryanne de Silva
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristen Benninger
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Busch
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily Hone
- Biostatistics Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel
- Biostatistics Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay Pietruszewski
- Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Prats C, Fatjó-Vilas M, Penzol MJ, Kebir O, Pina-Camacho L, Demontis D, Crespo-Facorro B, Peralta V, González-Pinto A, Pomarol-Clotet E, Papiol S, Parellada M, Krebs MO, Fañanás L. Association and epistatic analysis of white matter related genes across the continuum schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: The joint effect of NRG1-ErbB genes. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:208-218. [PMID: 34338147 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1939155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share clinical, cognitive, and genetic characteristics, as well as particular white matter (WM) abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a set of oligodendrocyte/myelin-related (OMR) genes and their epistatic effect on the risk for SSD and ASD. METHODS We examined 108 SNPs in a set of 22 OMR genes in 1749 subjects divided into three independent samples (187 SSD trios, 915 SSD cases/control, and 91 ASD trios). Genetic association and gene-gene interaction analyses were conducted with PLINK and MB-MDR, and permutation procedures were implemented in both. RESULTS Some OMR genes showed an association trend with SSD, while after correction, the ones that remained significantly associated were MBP, ERBB3, and AKT1. Significant gene-gene interactions were found between (i) NRG1*MBP (perm p-value = 0.002) in the SSD trios sample, (ii) ERBB3*AKT1 (perm p-value = 0.001) in the SSD case-control sample, and (iii) ERBB3*QKI (perm p-value = 0.0006) in the ASD trios sample. DISCUSSION Our results suggest the implication of OMR genes in the risk for both SSD and ASD and highlight the role of NRG1 and ERBB genes. These findings are in line with the previous evidence and may suggest pathophysiological mechanisms related to NRG1/ERBBs signalling in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Prats
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Penzol
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Kebir
- INSERM, U1266, Laboratory "Pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders", Institute of psychiatry and neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France.,GHU Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Pina-Camacho
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Crespo-Facorro
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IbiS Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - V Peralta
- Gerencia de Salud Mental, Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - A González-Pinto
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, University Hospital of Alava-Santiago, EMBREC, EHU/UPV University of the Basque Country, Kronikgune, Vitoria, Spain
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Papiol
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Parellada
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M O Krebs
- INSERM, U1266, Laboratory "Pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders", Institute of psychiatry and neurosciences of Paris, Paris, France.,University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
| | - L Fañanás
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li T, Li X, Huang X, Yu H, Li S, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Song X, Liu J, Yang X, Liu G. Mitochondriomics reveals the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of TrkB receptor agonist R13 in the 5×FAD mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 204:108899. [PMID: 34838815 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreased energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis defects are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In present study, mitochondriomics analysis revealed significant effects of R13, a prodrug of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, on mitochondrial protein expression profile, including the proteins related to the biological processes: fatty acid beta-oxidation, fatty acid metabolic process, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cluster analysis demonstrated that R13 promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The functional analysis showed that R13 increased ATP levels and enhanced OXPHOS including complex Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. R13 treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating the levels of p-AMPKα, p-CREB, PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM as a consequence of activation of TrkB receptor in the 5 × FAD mice. Finally, R13 significantly reduced the levels of tau phosphorylation and Aβ plaque. Our data suggest that R13 may be used for treating AD via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Neurology,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou, Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020-2024), Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Important advances in biomedical and behavioral research ethics have occurred over the past few decades, many of them centered on identifying and eliminating significant harms to human subjects of research. Comprehensive attention has not been paid to the totality of harms experienced by animal subjects, although scientific and moral progress require explicit appraisal of these harms. Science is a public good and the prioritizing within, conduct of, generation of, and application of research must soundly address questions about which research is morally defensible and valuable enough to support through funding, publication, tenure, and promotion. Likewise, educational pathways of re-imagined science are critical.
Collapse
|
33
|
Benefits of a ketogenic diet on repetitive motor behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 422:113748. [PMID: 35038463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive motor behaviors are repetitive and invariant movements with no apparent function, and are common in several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the neuropathology associated with the expression of these abnormal stereotypic movements is not well understood, and effective treatments are lacking. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used for almost a century to treat intractable epilepsy and, more recently, disorders associated with inflexibility of behavioral routines. Here, we show a novel application for KD to reduce an abnormal repetitive circling behavior in a rodent model. We then explore potential mediation through the striatum, as dysregulation of cortico-basal ganglia circuitry has previously been implicated in repetitive motor behavior. In Experiments 1 and 2, adult FVB mice were assessed for levels of repetitive circling across a 3-week baseline period. Mice were then switched to KD and repetitive circling was assessed for an additional 3 weeks. In Experiment 1, time on KD was associated with reduced repetitive behavior. In Experiment 2, we replicated these benefits of KD and assessed dendritic spine density in the striatum as one potential mechanism for reducing repetitive behavior, which yielded no differences. In Experiment 3, adult female circling mice were given a single administration of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (L-741,646) that was associated with reduced repetitive behavior over time. Future research will explore the relationship between KD and dopamine within basal ganglia nuclei that may be influencing the benefits of KD on repetitive behavior.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fingerhut H, Gozdas E, Hosseini SH. Quantitative MRI Evidence for Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Elders and Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:849-863. [PMID: 35964179 PMCID: PMC9928487 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) has been postulated to contribute to the variation observed between neuropathology and clinical outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of an education-occupation derived CR proxy on biological properties of white matter tracts in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and healthy elders (HC). METHODS Educational attainment and occupational complexity ratings (complexity with data, people, and things) from thirty-five patients with aMCI and twenty-eight HC were used to generate composite CR scores. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and multi-shell diffusion MRI were used to extract macromolecular tissue volume (MTV) across major white matter tracts. RESULTS We observed significant differences in the association between CR and white matter tract MTV in aMCI versus HC when age, gender, intracranial volume, and memory ability were held constant. Particularly, in aMCI, higher CR was associated with worse tract pathology (lower MTV) in the left and right dorsal cingulum, callosum forceps major, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tracts. Conversely higher CR was associated with higher MTV in the right parahippocampal cingulum and left SLF in HC. CONCLUSION Our results support compensatory CR mechanisms in aMCI and neuroprotective mechanisms in HC and suggest differential roles for CR on white matter macromolecular properties in healthy elders versus prodromal AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S.M. Hadi Hosseini
- Correspondence to: S.M. Hadi Hosseini, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, C-BRAIN Lab, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA 94305-5795, USA. Tel.: +1 650 723 5798;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Scavuzzo CJ, Newman LA, Gold PE, Korol DL. Time-dependent changes in hippocampal and striatal glycogen long after maze training in male rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107537. [PMID: 34634434 PMCID: PMC8672440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-lasting biological changes reflecting past experience have been studied in and typically attributed to neurons in the brain. Astrocytes, which are also present in large number in the brain, have recently been found to contribute critically to learning and memory processing. In the brain, glycogen is primarily found in astrocytes and is metabolized to lactate, which can be released from astrocytes. Here we report that astrocytes themselves have intrinsic neurochemical plasticity that alters the availability and provision of metabolic substrates long after an experience. Rats were trained to find food on one of two versions of a 4-arm maze: a hippocampus-sensitive place task and a striatum-sensitive response task. Remarkably, hippocampal glycogen content increased while striatal levels decreased during the 30 days after rats were trained to find food in the place version, but not the response version, of the maze tasks. A long-term consequence of the durable changes in glycogen stores was seen in task-by-site differences in extracellular lactate responses activated by testing on a working memory task administered 30 days after initial training, the time when differences in glycogen content were most robust. These results suggest that astrocytic plasticity initiated by a single experience may augment future availability of energy reserves, perhaps priming brain areas to process learning of subsequent experiences more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Scavuzzo
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Lori A Newman
- Psychological Science Department, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Avenue, Box 713, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Paul E Gold
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Donna L Korol
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tian T, Qin X, Wang Y, Shi Y, Yang X. 40 Hz Light Flicker Promotes Learning and Memory via Long Term Depression in Wild-Type Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:983-993. [PMID: 34602491 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 40 Hz light flicker is a well-known non-invasive treatment that is thought to be effective in treating Alzheimer's disease. However, the effects of 40 Hz visual stimulation on neural networks, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory in wild-type animals remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the impact of 40 Hz visual stimulation on synaptic plasticity, place cell, and learning and memory in wild-type mice. METHODS c-Fos+ cell distribution and in vivo electrophysiology was used to explore the effects of 40 Hz chronic visual stimulation on neural networks and neuroplasticity in wild-type mice. The character of c-Fos+ distribution in the brain and the changes of corticosterone levels in the blood were used to investigate the state of animal. Place cell analysis and novel location test were utilized to examine the effects of 40 Hz chronic visual stimulation on learning and memory in wild-type mice. RESULTS We found that 40 Hz light flicker significantly affected many brain regions that are related to stress. Also, 40 Hz induced gamma enrichment within 15 min after light flickers and impaired the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), while facilitated the expression of long-term depression (LTD) in the hippocampal CA1. Furthermore, 40 Hz light flicker enhanced the expression of corticosterone, rendered well-formed place cells unstable and improved animal's learning and memory in novel local recognition test, which could be blocked by pre-treatment with the LTD specific blocker Glu2A-3Y. CONCLUSION These finding suggested that 40 Hz chronic light flicker contains stress effects, promoting learning and memory in wild-type mice via LTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Weusthof K, Lüttich P, Regnery S, König L, Bernhardt D, Witt O, Herfarth K, Unterberg A, Jungk C, Farnia B, Combs SE, Debus J, Rieken S, Harrabi S, Adeberg S. Neurocognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Following Brain Irradiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143538. [PMID: 34298751 PMCID: PMC8307409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced radiation techniques can reduce the severity of neurocognitive sequelae in young brain tumor patients. In the present analysis, we sought to compare neurocognitive outcomes after proton irradiation with patients who underwent photon radiotherapy (RT) and surgery. Neurocognitive outcomes were evaluated in 103 pediatric brain tumor patients (proton RT n = 26, photon RT n = 30, surgery n = 47) before and after treatment. Comparison of neurocognitive outcomes following different treatment modalities were analyzed over four years after treatment completion. Longitudinal analyses included 42 months of follow-up after proton RT and 55 months after photon RT and surgery. Neurocognitive assessment included standardized tests examining seven domains. A comparison of neurocognitive outcomes after RT (proton and photon with >90% additional surgery) and surgery showed no significant differences in any neurocognitive domain. Neurocognitive functioning tests after proton RT failed to identify alterations compared to baseline testing. Long-term follow up over four years after photon RT showed a decrease in non-verbal intelligence (-9.6%; p = 0.01) and visuospatial construction (-14.9%; p = 0.02). After surgery, there was a decline in non-verbal intelligence (-10.7%; p = 0.01) and processing speed (14.9%; p = 0.002). Differences in neurocognitive outcomes between RT and surgical cohorts in direct intermodal comparison at long-term follow-up were not identified in our study, suggesting that modern radiation therapy does not affect cognition as much as in the past. There were no alterations in long-term neurocognitive abilities after proton RT, whereas decline of processing speed, non-verbal intelligence, and visuospatial abilities were observed after both photon RT and surgery. Domains dependent on intact white matter structures appear particularly vulnerable to brain tumor treatment irrespective of treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Weusthof
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peggy Lüttich
- Section of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Medical Center for Children and Adolescents, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.L.); (O.W.)
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laila König
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denise Bernhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; (D.B.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institut für Innovative Radiotherapie (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Section of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Medical Center for Children and Adolescents, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (P.L.); (O.W.)
- Translational Program, Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Herfarth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.U.); (C.J.)
| | - Christine Jungk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.U.); (C.J.)
| | - Benjamin Farnia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; (D.B.); (S.E.C.)
- Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Institut für Innovative Radiotherapie (iRT), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Semi Harrabi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (L.K.); (K.H.); (J.D.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-8201
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence that experiences associated with childhood SES affect not only the outcome but also the pace of brain development. We argue that higher childhood SES is associated with protracted structural brain development and a prolonged trajectory of functional network segregation, ultimately leading to more efficient cortical networks in adulthood. We hypothesize that greater exposure to chronic stress accelerates brain maturation, whereas greater access to novel positive experiences decelerates maturation. We discuss the impact of variation in the pace of brain development on plasticity and learning. We provide a generative theoretical framework to catalyse future basic science and translational research on environmental influences on brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A Tooley
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shen Y, Hu H, Fan C, Wang Q, Zou T, Ye B, Xiang M. Sensorineural hearing loss may lead to dementia-related pathological changes in hippocampal neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105408. [PMID: 34082124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis contributes to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. However, most research in this area involves clinical observations and statistical modeling, and few studies have examined the relationship between hearing loss and the molecular changes that lead to cognitive dysfunction. The present study investigated whether hearing loss contributes to dementia in the absence of aging and noise using a mouse model of severe bilateral hearing loss induced by kanamycin (1000 mg/kg) and furosemide (400 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry, silver staining, immunofluorescence analysis, and Western blotting were used to observe pathological changes in different regions of the hippocampus in animals with hearing loss. Changes in the cognitive function of animals with hearing loss were assessed using the Morris water maze test. The results showed that neurons began to degenerate 60 days after hearing loss, and this degeneration was accompanied by structural disorganization and decreased neurogenesis. The level of phosphorylated tau increased over time. Increases in escape latency and distance traveled during the training phase of the Morris water maze test were observed 90 days after hearing loss. Activated microglia and astrocytes with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected in the hippocampus. These results suggest that hearing loss alone causes neuronal degeneration, inhibition of neurogenesis, increased tau protein phosphorylation, and increased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Early intervention in individuals with hearing loss may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Household food insecurity and early childhood development in Brazil: an analysis of children under 2 years of age. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3286-3293. [PMID: 34042045 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if household food insecurity (HFI) is associated with the risk of developmental delays. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of children under 2 years old. Risk of developmental delays was assessed with the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. HFI was measured with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between HFI (food secure/insecure) and risk of developmental delays, adjusting for household, maternal and child variables. SETTING Community Health Centers in the Federal District, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 1004 children under 2 years old. RESULTS Among participants, 15 % were at risk of developmental delays and about 40 % of children lived in food-insecure households. HFI was associated with the risk of developmental delays (adjusted OR 2·61; 95 % CI 1·42, 4·80) compared with food-secure households after adjusting for key confounders. CONCLUSIONS HFI was strongly associated with the risk of developmental delays in children under 2 years. Investments that prevent or mitigate HFI are likely to be key for improved human and national development.
Collapse
|
41
|
Eagleman DM, Vaughn DA. The Defensive Activation Theory: REM Sleep as a Mechanism to Prevent Takeover of the Visual Cortex. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:632853. [PMID: 34093109 PMCID: PMC8176926 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regions of the brain maintain their territory with continuous activity: if activity slows or stops (e.g., because of blindness), the territory tends to be taken over by its neighbors. A surprise in recent years has been the speed of takeover, which is measurable within an hour. These findings lead us to a new hypothesis on the origin of REM sleep. We hypothesize that the circuitry underlying REM sleep serves to amplify the visual system's activity periodically throughout the night, allowing it to defend its territory against takeover from other senses. We find that measures of plasticity across 25 species of primates correlate positively with the proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We further find that plasticity and REM sleep increase in lockstep with evolutionary recency to humans. Finally, our hypothesis is consistent with the decrease in REM sleep and parallel decrease in neuroplasticity with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Eagleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Don A. Vaughn
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Filippa M, Della Casa E, D’amico R, Picciolini O, Lunardi C, Sansavini A, Ferrari F. Effects of Early Vocal Contact in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Study Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Randomised Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083915. [PMID: 33917889 PMCID: PMC8068283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk for developing altered trajectories of cognitive, social, and linguistic competences compared to a term population. This is mainly due to medical and environmental factors, as they are exposed to an atypical auditory environment and simultaneously, long periods of early separation from their parents. The short-term effects of early vocal contact (EVC) on an infant’s early stability have been investigated. However, there is limited evidence of its impact on the infant’s autonomic nervous system maturation, as indexed by heart rate variability, and its long-term impact on infant neurodevelopment. Our multi-centric study aims to investigate the effects of EVC on a preterm infant’s physiology, neurobehaviour, and development. Eighty stable preterm infants, born at 25–32 weeks and 6 days gestational age, without specific abnormalities, will be enrolled and randomised to either an intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive EVC, where mothers will talk and sing to their infants for 10 min three times per week for 2 weeks. Mothers in the control group will be encouraged to spend the same amount of time next to the incubator and observe the infant’s behaviour through a standard cluster of indicators. Infants will be assessed at baseline; the end of the intervention; term equivalent age; and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months corrected age, with a battery of physiological, neurobehavioral, and developmental measures. Early interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit have demonstrated effects on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants, thereby lowering the negative long-term effects of an atypical auditory and interactional environment. Our proposed study will provide new insight into mother–infant early contact as a protective intervention against the sequelae of prematurity during this sensitive period of development. Early intervention, such as EVC, is intuitive and easy to implement in the daily care of preterm infants. However, its long-term effects on infant neurodevelopment and maternal sensitivity and stress are still unclear. Trial Registration: NCT04759573, retrospectively registered, 17 February 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Filippa
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 24, rue General Dufour, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Valle d’Aosta, Str. Cappuccini, 2, 11100 Aosta, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Della Casa
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 41, 41124 Modena, Italy; (E.D.C.); (F.F.)
| | - Roberto D’amico
- Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 41, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Odoardo Picciolini
- Pediatric Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Clara Lunardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children’s Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sansavini
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Ferrari
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 41, 41124 Modena, Italy; (E.D.C.); (F.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tooley UA, Mackey AP, Ciric R, Ruparel K, Moore TM, Gur RC, Gur RE, Satterthwaite TD, Bassett DS. Associations between Neighborhood SES and Functional Brain Network Development. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:1-19. [PMID: 31220218 PMCID: PMC7029704 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with stronger cognitive abilities, higher academic achievement, and lower incidence of mental illness later in development. While prior work has mapped the associations between neighborhood SES and brain structure, little is known about the relationship between SES and intrinsic neural dynamics. Here, we capitalize upon a large cross-sectional community-based sample (Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, ages 8-22 years, n = 1012) to examine associations between age, SES, and functional brain network topology. We characterize this topology using a local measure of network segregation known as the clustering coefficient and find that it accounts for a greater degree of SES-associated variance than mesoscale segregation captured by modularity. High-SES youth displayed stronger positive associations between age and clustering than low-SES youth, and this effect was most pronounced for regions in the limbic, somatomotor, and ventral attention systems. The moderating effect of SES on positive associations between age and clustering was strongest for connections of intermediate length and was consistent with a stronger negative relationship between age and local connectivity in these regions in low-SES youth. Our findings suggest that, in late childhood and adolescence, neighborhood SES is associated with variation in the development of functional network structure in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rastko Ciric
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Oviatt S, Lin J, Sriramulu A. I Know What You Know: What Hand Movements Reveal about Domain Expertise. ACM T INTERACT INTEL 2021. [DOI: 10.1145/3423049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This research investigates whether students’ level of domain expertise can be detected during authentic learning activities by analyzing their physical activity patterns. More expert students reduced their manual activity by a substantial 50%, which was evident in fine-grained signal analyses and total rate of gesturing. The quality of experts’ discrete hand movements also averaged shorter in distance, briefer in duration, and slower in velocity than those of non-experts. Interestingly, experts adapted by nearly eliminating gestures on easier problems, while selectively increasing them on harder ones. They also strategically produced 62% more iconic gestures, which serve to retain spatial information in working memory while extracting inferences required to solve problems correctly. These findings highlight the close relation between hand movements and mental state and, more specifically, that hand movements provide an unusually clear window on students’ level of domain expertise. Embodied Cognition and Limited Resource theories only partially account for the present findings, which specify future directions for theoretical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Oviatt
- Information Technology, Monash University, East Caulfield VIC, Australia
| | - Jionghao Lin
- Information Technology, Monash University, East Caulfield VIC, Australia
| | - Abishek Sriramulu
- Information Technology, Monash University, East Caulfield VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pesce C, Stodden DF, Lakes KD. Editorial: Physical Activity "Enrichment": A Joint Focus on Motor Competence, Hot and Cool Executive Functions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:658667. [PMID: 33767654 PMCID: PMC7985325 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kimberley D Lakes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Virtual Reality for Neurorehabilitation and Cognitive Enhancement. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020221. [PMID: 33670277 PMCID: PMC7918687 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our access to computer-generated worlds changes the way we feel, how we think, and how we solve problems. In this review, we explore the utility of different types of virtual reality, immersive or non-immersive, for providing controllable, safe environments that enable individual training, neurorehabilitation, or even replacement of lost functions. The neurobiological effects of virtual reality on neuronal plasticity have been shown to result in increased cortical gray matter volumes, higher concentration of electroencephalographic beta-waves, and enhanced cognitive performance. Clinical application of virtual reality is aided by innovative brain–computer interfaces, which allow direct tapping into the electric activity generated by different brain cortical areas for precise voluntary control of connected robotic devices. Virtual reality is also valuable to healthy individuals as a narrative medium for redesigning their individual stories in an integrative process of self-improvement and personal development. Future upgrades of virtual reality-based technologies promise to help humans transcend the limitations of their biological bodies and augment their capacity to mold physical reality to better meet the needs of a globalized world.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pickler RH, Meinzen-Derr J, Moore M, Sealschott S, Tepe K. Effect of Tactile Experience During Preterm Infant Feeding on Clinical Outcomes. Nurs Res 2021; 69:S21-S28. [PMID: 32555011 PMCID: PMC7483367 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the survival rate of very preterm infants has improved, rates of subsequent neurobehavioral disabilities remain high. One factor implicated in poor neurobehavioral and developmental outcomes is hospitalization and inconsistent caregiving patterns in the neonatal intensive care unit. Although much underlying brain damage occurs in utero or shortly after birth, neuroprotective strategies may stop progression of damage, particularly when these strategies are used during the most sensitive periods of neural plasticity 2-3 months before term age. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this analysis was to test the effect of a patterned feeding experience involving a tactile component (touch and/or holding) provided during feedings on preterm infants' clinical outcomes, measured by oral feeding progress, as an early indicator of neurodevelopment. METHODS We used an experimental, longitudinal, two-group random assignment design. Preterm infants (n = 120) were enrolled within the first week of life and randomized to an experimental group receiving a patterned feeding experience or to a control group receiving usual feeding care. RESULTS Analysis of data from 91 infants showed that infants receiving touch at more than 25% of early gavage feedings achieved full oral feeding more quickly; as touch exposure increased, time from first oral to full oral feeding decreased. There was no association between holding during early gavage feedings or touch during transition feedings and time to full oral feeding. DISCUSSION Neurological expectation during critical periods of development is important for infants. However, a preterm infant's environment is not predictable: Caregivers change regularly, medical procedures dictate touch and holding, and care provision based on infant cues is limited. Current knowledge supports caregiving that occurs with a naturally occurring sensation (i.e., hunger), is provided in a manner that is congruent with the expectation of the neurological system, and occurs with enough regularity to enhance neuronal and synaptic development. In this study, we modeled an experience infants would "expect" if they were not in the neonatal intensive care unit and demonstrated a shorter time from first oral feeding to full oral feeding, an important clinical outcome with neurodevelopmental implications. We recommend further research to determine the effect of patterned caregiving experiences on other areas of neurodevelopment, particularly those that may occur later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita H Pickler
- Rita H. Pickler, PhD, RN, FAAN, is FloAnn Sours Easton Professor of Child and Adolescent Health, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Jareen Meinzen-Derr, PhD, MPH, is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio. Margo Moore, MS, RN, is Research Nurse III, Division of Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio. Stephanie Sealschott, MS, RN, is PhD Candidate, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Karin Tepe, BS, RN, is Research Nurse in Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Griffiths TD, Lad M, Kumar S, Holmes E, McMurray B, Maguire EA, Billig AJ, Sedley W. How Can Hearing Loss Cause Dementia? Neuron 2020; 108:401-412. [PMID: 32871106 PMCID: PMC7664986 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies identify midlife hearing loss as an independent risk factor for dementia, estimated to account for 9% of cases. We evaluate candidate brain bases for this relationship. These bases include a common pathology affecting the ascending auditory pathway and multimodal cortex, depletion of cognitive reserve due to an impoverished listening environment, and the occupation of cognitive resources when listening in difficult conditions. We also put forward an alternate mechanism, drawing on new insights into the role of the medial temporal lobe in auditory cognition. In particular, we consider how aberrant activity in the service of auditory pattern analysis, working memory, and object processing may interact with dementia pathology in people with hearing loss. We highlight how the effect of hearing interventions on dementia depends on the specific mechanism and suggest avenues for work at the molecular, neuronal, and systems levels to pin this down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Griffiths
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Human Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Meher Lad
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sukhbinder Kumar
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Holmes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Bob McMurray
- Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eleanor A Maguire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | | | - William Sedley
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stephen R, Solomon A, Ngandu T, Levälahti E, Rinne JO, Kemppainen N, Parkkola R, Antikainen R, Strandberg T, Kivipelto M, Soininen H, Liu Y. White Matter Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:75-86. [PMID: 32925045 PMCID: PMC7683078 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Early pathological changes in white matter microstructure can be studied using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). It is not only important to study these subtle pathological changes leading to cognitive decline, but also to ascertain how an intervention would impact the white matter microstructure and cognition in persons at-risk of dementia. Objectives: To study the impact of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on white matter and cognitive changes during the 2-year Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), a randomized controlled trial in at-risk older individuals (age 60–77 years) from the general population. Methods: This exploratory study consisted of a subsample of 60 FINGER participants. Participants were randomized to either a multidomain intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk management, n = 34) or control group (general health advice, n = 26). All underwent baseline and 2-year brain DTI. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), diffusivity along domain (F1) and non-domain (F2) diffusion orientations, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), radial diffusivity (RD), and their correlations with cognitive changes during the 2-year multidomain intervention were analyzed. Results: FA decreased, and cognition improved more in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with no significant intergroup differences for changes in F1, F2, MD, AxD, or RD. The cognitive changes were significantly positively related to FA change, and negatively related to RD change in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Conclusion: The 2-year multidomain FINGER intervention may modulate white matter microstructural alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stephen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Levälahti
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Kemppainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and Oulu City Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Geriatric Clinic, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yawu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
de Schultz T, Bock J, Braun K. Paternal Deprivation and Female Biparental Family Rearing Induce Dendritic and Synaptic Changes in Octodon degus: I. Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:38. [PMID: 33013347 PMCID: PMC7498658 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian species parent-offspring interactions during early life periods primarily comprise social contacts with the mother, whereas the role of males in parental care is one of the most overlooked and understudied topics. The present study addressed the hypothesis that the complete deprivation of paternal care delays or permanently retards synaptic connectivity in the brain, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the offspring in a sex-specific manner. Another aim of this study was to address the question whether and in which way replacing the father with a female caregiver (in our experiments the “aunt”) can “buffer” the detrimental effects of paternal deprivation on neuronal development. The comparison of: (a) single mother rearing; (b) biparental rearing by father and mother; and (c) biparental rearing by two female caregivers revealed that: (i) paternal care represents a critical environmental factor for synaptic and dendritic development of pyramidal neurons in the vmPFC of their offspring; (ii) a second female caregiver (“aunt”) does not “buffer” the neuronal consequences of paternal deprivation; and that (iii) neuronal development in the vmPFC is differentially affected in male and female offspring in response to different family constellations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony de Schultz
- Department of Zoology, Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Bock
- PG "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity," Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke, University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Zoology, Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|