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Hou L, Yuan H, Liu Y, Sun X, Chang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Sun J, Wang Q, Chen F. Effect of deoxynivalenol on inflammatory injury on the glandular stomach in chick embryos. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102870. [PMID: 37660451 PMCID: PMC10491726 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) has a strong toxic effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa of poultry. In this study, we evaluated chicken embryo development and glandular stomach damage to clarify the immunotoxic effects of DON injected through the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos. The glandular stomach index, routine blood indices, plasma inflammatory factors, pathological changes in the glandular stomach, and transcriptome results were analyzed in the hatching chicks. The results showed that DON was supertoxic to chicken embryos, causing edema, shedding, and bleeding of the mucosa of the glandular stomach, which triggered inflammatory reactions. As the toxin concentration increased, the immune system was successively activated and inhibited, and regulation was carried out by the differential regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. These results suggested that the immunotoxic effect of DON on the glandular stomach of chicken embryos was closely related to the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Hou
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinyuan Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiagao Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jieyu Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Metabolic Disease and Poisoning Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong Province, China.
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Hosseini S, Brenig B, Winitchakorn S, Kanmanee C, Srinual O, Tapingkae W, Gatphayak K. Genetic assessment of the effect of red yeast ( Sporidiobolus pararoseus) as a feed additive on mycotoxin toxicity in laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254569. [PMID: 37744913 PMCID: PMC10512063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic fungal species produce hazardous substances known as mycotoxins. Consumption of mycotoxin contaminated feed and food causes a variety of dangerous diseases and can even lead to death of animals and humans, raising global concerns for adverse health effects. To date, several strategies have been developed to counteract with mycotoxin contamination. Red yeast as a novel biological dietary agent is a promising strategy to eliminate mycotoxicity in living organisms. Poultry are most susceptible animals to mycotoxin contamination, as they are fed a mixture of grains and are at higher risk of co-exposure to multiple toxic fungal substances. Therefore, this study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying long-term feeding with red yeast supplementation in interaction with multiple mycotoxins using transcriptome profiling (RNA_Seq) in the liver of laying hens. The results showed a high number of significantly differentially expressed genes in liver of chicken fed with a diet contaminated with mycotoxins, whereas the number of Significantly expressed genes was considerably reduced when the diet was supplemented with red yeast. The expression of genes involved in the phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1A2) and phase II (GSTA2, GSTA3, MGST1) detoxification process was downregulated in animals fed with mycotoxins contaminated diet, indicating suppression of the detoxification mechanisms. However, genes involved in antioxidant defense (GSTO1), apoptosis process (DUSP8), and tumor suppressor (KIAA1324, FBXO47, NME6) were upregulated in mycotoxins-exposed animals, suggesting activation of the antioxidant defense in response to mycotoxicity. Similarly, none of the detoxification genes were upregulated in hens fed with red yeast supplemented diet. However, neither genes involved in antioxidant defense nor tumor suppressor genes were expressed in the animals exposed to the red yeast supplemented feed, suggesting decreases the adsorption of biologically active mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens. We conclude that red yeast can act as a mycotoxin binder to decrease the adsorption of mycotoxins in the liver of laying hens and can be used as an effective strategy in the poultry feed industry to eliminate the adverse effects of mycotoxins for animals and increase food safety for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanou Hosseini
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Molecular Biology of Livestock and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Chanidapha Kanmanee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Gatphayak
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Feed Innovation Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Li X, Hua J, Wang S, Hu Z, Wen A, Yang B. Genes and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Regulation of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Liver Metabolism and Health of Broiler (Gallus gallus). Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:387-402. [PMID: 35143018 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) plays an important role in the liver health and metabolism of the broiler. However, the mechanism by which it regulates liver metabolism and the health of broilers is largely unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the key genes and signaling pathways involved in regulating SeY in liver metabolism and bird's health. Thus, the mRNA expression microarray, GSE25151, was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE25151 consists of liver samples from SeY-treated and the control broilers. Six hundred four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in livers between SeY-treated and control. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that those DEGs are mainly involved in metabolism-related biological processes, such as biological regulation, molecular processes, responses to stimuli, cell communication and proliferation, and growth. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the DEGs mainly enriched in metabolism-related signaling pathways, including PI3K, Akt, Wnt, calcium, IGF1 receptor, and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, many genes, such as NMUR1, NMU, and GPRC6A, might contribute to the regulation of SeY to broiler liver metabolism and health. In conclusion, the current study enhances our understanding of the regulation of SeY in liver metabolism and health of the birds and will assist studies of the molecular mechanisms of SeY regulation in chicken liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jinling Hua
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Zhongze Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, China.
- Longyan University & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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Han Q, Zhang X, Nian H, Liu H, Li X, Zhang R, Bao J. Artificial rearing alters intestinal microbiota and induces inflammatory response in piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1002738. [PMID: 36274738 PMCID: PMC9584613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1002738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ongoing genetic selection for high prolificacy in sow lines and the improvements in environment and farm management, litter size has increased in recent years. Artificial rearing is becoming widely used to raise the surplus piglets in pig industry. This study aimed to investigate the changes that happened in the morphology, microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and transcriptome caused by artificial rearing in piglet colon. Two hundred and forty newborn piglets were randomly assigned into three treatments, sow rearing until weaning (CON group), artificial rearing from day 21 (AR21 group), and artificial rearing from day 7 (AR7 group). On day 35, the piglets were euthanized to collect colon samples. The results showed that the artificially reared-piglets displayed increased pre-weaning diarrhea incidence and reduced growth performance. Artificial rearing changed the diversity and structure of colonic microbiota and increased relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the morphological disruption was observed in AR7 group, which was coincided with decreased tight junction proteins and goblet cell numbers. Moreover, the expression of TNFSF11, TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, COX-2, PTGEs, iNOS, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ was upregulated in the colon of the artificially reared-piglets, while the expression of IL-1Ra and IκBα was downregulated, indicating that artificial rearing induced inflammatory response through the activation of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, artificial rearing regulated SLC family members, which affected solute transport and destroyed intestinal homeostasis. In conclusion, artificial rearing caused microbiota alteration, morphology disruption, the destruction of mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory response, and thus, led to subsequent increased diarrhea incidence and reduced growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoyang Nian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Runxiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
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Haq ZU, Saleem A, Khan AA, Dar MA, Ganaie AM, Beigh YA, Hamadani H, Ahmad SM. Nutrigenomics in livestock sector and its human-animal interface-a review. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 17:100262. [PMID: 35856004 PMCID: PMC9287789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomics unfolds the link between nutrition and gene expression for productivity.expression profile of intramuscular. Nutrigenomics helps scientists discover genes and DNA in each animal's cell or tissue by assisting them in selecting nutrients. It brings out the importance of micronutrition for increasing animal production. Nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology.
Noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer now outnumber all other health ailments in humans globally due to abrupt changes in lifestyle following the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution has also intensified livestock farming, resulting in an increased demand for productivity and stressed animals. The livestock industry faces significant challenges from a projected sharp increase in global food and high animal protein demand. Nutrition genomics holds great promise for the future as its advances have opened up a whole new world of disease understanding and prevention. Nutrigenomics is the study of the interactions between genes and diet. It investigates molecular relationships between nutrients and genes to identify how even minor modifications could potentially alter animal and human health/performance by using techniques like proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Dietary modifications mostly studied in livestock focus mainly on health and production traits through protein, fat, mineral, and vitamin supplementation changes. Nutrigenomics meticulously selects nutrients for fine-tuning the expression of genes that match animal/human genotypes for better health, productivity, and the environment. As a step forward, nutrigenomics integrates nutrition, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, molecular medicine, and epidemiology to better understand the role of food as an epigenetic factor in the occurrence of these diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, latest advances, and studies in the field of nutrigenomics, emphasizing the interaction of diet with gene expression, and how it relates to human and animal health along with its human-animal interphase.
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Does Bentonite Cause Cytotoxic and Whole-Transcriptomic Adverse Effects in Enterocytes When Used to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 Exposure? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070435. [PMID: 35878173 PMCID: PMC9322703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major food safety concern, threatening the health of humans and animals. Bentonite (BEN) is an aluminosilicate clay used as a feed additive to reduce AFB1 presence in contaminated feedstuff. So far, few studies have characterized BEN toxicity and efficacy in vitro. In this study, cytotoxicity (WST-1 test), the effects on cell permeability (trans-epithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow dye incorporation), and transcriptional changes (RNA-seq) caused by BEN, AFB1 and their combination (AFB1 + BEN) were investigated in Caco-2 cells. Up to 0.1 mg/mL, BEN did not affect cell viability and permeability, but it reduced AFB1 cytotoxicity; however, at higher concentrations, BEN was cytotoxic. As to RNA-seq, 0.1 mg/mL BEN did not show effects on cell transcriptome, confirming that the interaction between BEN and AFB1 occurs in the medium. Data from AFB1 and AFB1 + BEN suggested AFB1 provoked most of the transcriptional changes, whereas BEN was preventive. The most interesting AFB1-targeted pathways for which BEN was effective were cell integrity, xenobiotic metabolism and transporters, basal metabolism, inflammation and immune response, p53 biological network, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the in vitro toxicity and whole-transcriptomic effects of BEN, alone or in the presence of AFB1.
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Santos RR, Molist F. Effect of different dietary levels of corn naturally contaminated with DON and its derivates 3+15 Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside on the performance of broilers. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05257. [PMID: 33102864 PMCID: PMC7575869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of mycotoxin research, there is an increasing requirement to understand the effect of these toxins at realistic contamination levels, and as mixtures, on animal health and performance. Although there are recommendations of maximum levels of some mycotoxins in feed, it is known from practice that concentrations below the maximum recommended levels already negatively affect livestock production. In the present study, we exposed broilers to three different levels of naturally contaminated diets containing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivates 3 + 15 Acetyl-DON (3 + 15 Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside (DON-3-G) to evaluate their effect on birds performance. 630 day-old Ross 308 broilers were housed in 30 pens (21 birds per pen) and fed diets containing increasing levels of DON (Low: 1,650-1,890 μg/kg; Moderate: 2,500-2,880 μg/kg DON; and High: 3,220-3,900 μg/kg), 3 + 15 Acetyl-DON (Low: 25.6-39.4 μg/kg; Moderate: 42.3-49.1 μg/kg; and High: 58.4-71.1 μg/kg), and DON-3-G (Low: 356-362 μg/kg; Moderate: 405-637 μg/kg; and High: 625-787 μg/kg). Each diet had 10 replicate pens. During the grower period (D13-28) broilers fed diets containing moderate and high contamination levels presented a significantly increased feed intake but accompanied by significant impairment in FCR when the broilers were fed the highest contamination level. Based on this, it can be concluded that broiler production is affected when feed is contaminated with a mixture of DON and its derivates, even at levels below the EU maximum recommendation of 5,000 μg/kg. Furthermore, extra attention should be given to multi-mycotoxins contamination in diets for broilers up to 28 days old.
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Kolawole O, Graham A, Donaldson C, Owens B, Abia WA, Meneely J, Alcorn MJ, Connolly L, Elliott CT. Low Doses of Mycotoxin Mixtures below EU Regulatory Limits Can Negatively Affect the Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Longitudinal Study. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E433. [PMID: 32630277 PMCID: PMC7404967 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported a wide range of severe health effects as well as clinical signs, when livestock animals are exposed to high concentration of mycotoxins. However, little is known regarding health effects of mycotoxins at low levels. Thus, a long-term feeding trial (between May 2017 and December 2019) was used to evaluate the effect of low doses of mycotoxin mixtures on performance of broiler chickens fed a naturally contaminated diet. In total, 18 successive broiler performance trials were carried out during the study period, with approximately 2200 one-day-old Ross-308 chicks used for each trial. Feed samples given to birds were collected at the beginning of each trial and analysed for multi-mycotoxins using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Furthermore, parameters including feed intake, body weight and feed efficiency were recorded on a weekly basis. In total, 24 mycotoxins were detected in samples analysed with deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins (FBs), apicidin, enniatins (ENNs), emodin and beauvericin (BEV), the most prevalent mycotoxins. Furthermore, significantly higher levels (however below EU guidance values) of DON, ZEN, FBs, BEV, ENNs and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) were detected in 6 of the 18 performance trials. A strong positive relationship was observed between broilers feed efficiency and DON (R2 = 0.85), FBs (R2 = 0.53), DAS (R2 = 0.86), ZEN (R2 = 0.92), ENNs (R2 = 0.60) and BEV (R2 = 0.73). Moreover, a three-way interaction regression model revealed that mixtures of ZEN, DON and FBs (p = 0.01, R2 = 0.84) and ZEN, DON and DAS (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.91) had a statistically significant interaction effect on the birds' feed efficiency. As farm animals are often exposed to low doses of mycotoxin mixtures (especially fusarium mycotoxins), a cumulative risk assessment in terms of measuring and mitigating against the economic, welfare and health impacts is needed for this group of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi Kolawole
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (O.K.); (W.A.A.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Abigail Graham
- Devenish Nutrition Limited, Lagan House, 19 Clarendon Road, Belfast BT1 3BG, UK; (A.G.); (C.D.); (B.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Caroline Donaldson
- Devenish Nutrition Limited, Lagan House, 19 Clarendon Road, Belfast BT1 3BG, UK; (A.G.); (C.D.); (B.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Bronagh Owens
- Devenish Nutrition Limited, Lagan House, 19 Clarendon Road, Belfast BT1 3BG, UK; (A.G.); (C.D.); (B.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Wilfred A. Abia
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (O.K.); (W.A.A.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Julie Meneely
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (O.K.); (W.A.A.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Michael J. Alcorn
- Devenish Nutrition Limited, Lagan House, 19 Clarendon Road, Belfast BT1 3BG, UK; (A.G.); (C.D.); (B.O.); (M.J.A.)
| | - Lisa Connolly
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (O.K.); (W.A.A.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (O.K.); (W.A.A.); (J.M.); (L.C.)
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Bouchard MJ, Chorfi Y, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Guay F. Effects of deoxynivalenol and sodium meta-bisulphite on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:360-373. [PMID: 31342788 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1641369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin synthesised by the Fusarium, is known to affect the growth of pigs. This effect can be attenuated with sodium meta-bisulphite (SBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SBS with antioxidant blend on nutrient digestibility in pigs fed a diet contaminated naturally with DON. Six crossbred castrated pigs fitted surgically with single-T cannulas in the distal ileum received one of four barley-corn-soybean diets with or without SBS. After 8 d of feeding, faeces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the dry matter (DM), energy, nutrients and DON, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), energy and DON were evaluated. The AID of phosphorus, calcium and some amino acids was increased (p < 0.05) in the DON diets whereas the ATTD of DM and energy tended to decrease (p = 0.064 and p = 0.071). SBS reduced the AID of DM, energy, ADF, ether extract, phosphorus and DON (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the ATTD of DM, energy, fibre or DON. These results show that DON improved the AID of some nutrients but tended to reduce the ATTD of energy, which could explain, although anorexia is the main effect of DON on live weight gain, the reported negative effect of DON on pig growth. Finally, SBS with antioxidant blend had reduced AID of some nutrients and intestinal absorption of DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Josiane Bouchard
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- b Département de biomédecines, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal , St-Hyacinthe , Québec , Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
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Deoxynivalenol in the Diet Impairs Bone Mineralization in Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060352. [PMID: 31216702 PMCID: PMC6628401 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most abundant and important trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species. In chickens, DON intake causes feed refusal, impairs performance, gut barrier function, and immunity, and raises oxidative stress. To determine the effect of DON on bone mineralization and serum calcium and phosphorus, 80 newly-hatched chickens were fed 4 diets with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg DON/kg feed in this pilot study. In week 5, chickens were euthanized, femur and tibiotarsus bones were separated from the meat, and after incineration ash composition, as well as serum calcium and phosphorus, were determined using clinical biochemistry. Dietary DON reduced chicken dry matter, calcium, and phosphorus intake, and subsequently body and leg weight. DON affected bone density and composition of the tibiotarsus more drastically than of the femur. However, lower mineral intake did not solely explain our observations of the quadratically lower tibiotarsus density and ash content, as well as linearly decreased Ca content in the femur and tibiotarsus with increasing DON levels. Linearly decreasing serum phosphorus concentrations with increasing DON levels further supported impaired mineral homeostasis due to DON. In conclusion, already low dietary DON contamination of 2.5 mg/kg feed can compromise bone mineralization in chickens.
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Peng Z, Chen L, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Current sights for mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced hepatotoxicity and prospective views for future scientific research: A mini review. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:518-529. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center; University of Tübingen; Schnarrenbergstr. 95 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hangkong Road 13 430030 Wuhan China
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12
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Pierron A, Alassane-Kpembi I, Oswald IP. Impact of two mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and fumonisin on pig intestinal health. Porcine Health Manag 2016; 2:21. [PMID: 28405447 PMCID: PMC5382503 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-016-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that grow on a variety of substrates. Due to their high consumption of cereals and their sensitivity, pigs are highly impacted by the presence of mycotoxins. At the European level, regulations and recommendations exist for several mycotoxins in pig feed. Among these toxins, fumonisin B1 (FB1), and deoxynivalenol (DON) have a great impact on the intestine and the immune system. Indeed, the intestine is the first barrier to food contaminants and can be exposed to high concentrations of mycotoxins upon ingestion of contaminated feed. FB1 and DON alter the intestinal barrier, impair the immune response, reduce feed intake and weight gain. Their presence in feed increases the translocation of bacteria; mycotoxins can also impair the immune response and enhance the susceptibility to infectious diseases. In conclusion, because of their effect on the intestine, FB1 and DON are a major threat to pig health, welfare and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pierron
- ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331, ENVT, INP Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027 Toulouse, Cedex 03 France.,BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331, ENVT, INP Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027 Toulouse, Cedex 03 France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- ToxAlim Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331, ENVT, INP Purpan, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille, BP93173, 31027 Toulouse, Cedex 03 France
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13
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Loor JJ, Vailati-Riboni M, McCann JC, Zhou Z, Bionaz M. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics in livestock: Systems biology meets nutrition. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5554-74. [PMID: 26641165 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput technologies to study an animal's genome, proteome, and metabolome (i.e., "omics" tools) constituted a setback to the use of reductionism in livestock research. More recent development of "next-generation sequencing" tools was instrumental in allowing in-depth studies of the microbiome in the rumen and other sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Omics, along with bioinformatics, constitutes the foundation of modern systems biology, a field of study widely used in model organisms (e.g., rodents, yeast, humans) to enhance understanding of the complex biological interactions occurring within cells and tissues at the gene, protein, and metabolite level. Application of systems biology concepts is ideal for the study of interactions between nutrition and physiological state with tissue and cell metabolism and function during key life stages of livestock species, including the transition from pregnancy to lactation, in utero development, or postnatal growth. Modern bioinformatic tools capable of discerning functional outcomes and biologically meaningful networks complement the ever-increasing ability to generate large molecular, microbial, and metabolite data sets. Simultaneous visualization of the complex intertissue adaptations to physiological state and nutrition can now be discerned. Studies to understand the linkages between the microbiome and the absorptive epithelium using the integrative approach are emerging. We present examples of new knowledge generated through the application of functional analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data sets encompassing nutritional management of dairy cows, pigs, and poultry. Published work to date underscores that the integrative approach across and within tissues may prove useful for fine-tuning nutritional management of livestock. An important goal during this process is to uncover key molecular players involved in the organismal adaptations to nutrition.
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14
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Microbial biotransformation of DON: molecular basis for reduced toxicity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29105. [PMID: 27381510 PMCID: PMC4933977 DOI: 10.1038/srep29105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are able to de-epoxidize or epimerize deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin, to deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (deepoxy-DON or DOM-1) or 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), respectively. Using different approaches, the intestinal toxicity of 3 molecules was compared and the molecular basis for the reduced toxicity investigated. In human intestinal epithelial cells, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON were not cytotoxic, did not change the oxygen consumption or impair the barrier function. In intestinal explants, exposure for 4 hours to 10 μM DON induced intestinal lesions not seen in explants treated with deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON. A pan-genomic transcriptomic analysis was performed on intestinal explants. 747 probes, representing 323 genes, were differentially expressed, between DON-treated and control explants. By contrast, no differentially expressed genes were observed between control, deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON treated explants. Both DON and its biotransformation products were able to fit into the pockets of the A-site of the ribosome peptidyl transferase center. DON forms three hydrogen bonds with the A site and activates MAPKinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases). By contrast deepoxy-DON and 3-epi-DON only form two hydrogen bonds and do not activate MAPKinases. Our data demonstrate that bacterial de-epoxidation or epimerization of DON altered their interaction with the ribosome, leading to an absence of MAPKinase activation and a reduced toxicity.
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15
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Murugesan GR, Ledoux DR, Naehrer K, Berthiller F, Applegate TJ, Grenier B, Phillips TD, Schatzmayr G. Prevalence and effects of mycotoxins on poultry health and performance, and recent development in mycotoxin counteracting strategies. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1298-315. [PMID: 25840963 PMCID: PMC4988553 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research over the last couple of decades has made it obvious that mycotoxins are commonly prevalent in majority of feed ingredients. A worldwide mycotoxin survey in 2013 revealed 81% of around 3,000 grain and feed samples analyzed had at least 1 mycotoxin, which was higher than the 10-year average (from 2004 to 2013) of 76% in a total of 25,944 samples. The considerable increase in the number of positive samples in 2013 may be due to the improvements in detection methods and their sensitivity. The recently developed liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry allows the inclusion of a high number of analytes and is the most selective, sensitive, and accurate of all the mycotoxin analytical methods. Mycotoxins can affect the animals either individually or additively in the presence of more than 1 mycotoxin, and may affect various organs such as gastrointestinal tract, liver, and immune system, essentially resulting in reduced productivity of the birds and mortality in extreme cases. While the use of mycotoxin binding agents has been a commonly used counteracting strategy, considering the great diversity in the chemical structures of mycotoxins, it is very obvious that there is no single method that can be used to deactivate mycotoxins in feed. Therefore, different strategies have to be combined in order to specifically target individual mycotoxins without impacting the quality of feed. Enzymatic or microbial detoxification, referred to as "biotransformation" or "biodetoxification," utilizes microorganisms or purified enzymes thereof to catabolize the entire mycotoxin or transform or cleave it to less or non-toxic compounds. However, the awareness on the prevalence of mycotoxins, available modern techniques to analyze them, the effects of mycotoxicoses, and the recent developments in the ways to safely eliminate the mycotoxins from the feed are very minimal among the producers. This symposium review paper comprehensively discusses the above mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D R Ledoux
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Naehrer
- BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln, Austria
| | - F Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - B Grenier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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16
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Antonissen G, Devreese M, Van Immerseel F, De Baere S, Hessenberger S, Martel A, Croubels S. Chronic exposure to deoxynivalenol has no influence on the oral bioavailability of fumonisin B1 in broiler chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:560-71. [PMID: 25690690 PMCID: PMC4344641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are common contaminants of feed. Fumonisins (FBs) in general have a very limited oral bioavailability in healthy animals. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to DON impairs the intestinal barrier function and integrity, by affecting the intestinal surface area and function of the tight junctions. This might influence the oral bioavailability of FB1, and possibly lead to altered toxicity of this mycotoxin. A toxicokinetic study was performed with two groups of 6 broiler chickens, which were all administered an oral bolus of 2.5 mg FBs/kg BW after three-week exposure to either uncontaminated feed (group 1) or feed contaminated with 3.12 mg DON/kg feed (group 2). No significant differences in toxicokinetic parameters of FB1 could be demonstrated between the groups. Also, no increased or decreased body exposure to FB1 was observed, since the relative oral bioavailability of FB1 after chronic DON exposure was 92.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium.
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17
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Duan J, Yin J, Wu M, Liao P, Deng D, Liu G, Wen Q, Wang Y, Qiu W, Liu Y, Wu X, Ren W, Tan B, Chen M, Xiao H, Wu L, Li T, Nyachoti CM, Adeola O, Yin Y. Dietary glutamate supplementation ameliorates mycotoxin-induced abnormalities in the intestinal structure and expression of amino acid transporters in young pigs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112357. [PMID: 25405987 PMCID: PMC4236086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glutamic acid has beneficial effects on growth performance, antioxidant system, intestinal morphology, serum amino acid profile and the gene expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in growing swine fed mold-contaminated feed. Fifteen pigs (Landrace×Large White) with a mean body weight (BW) of 55 kg were randomly divided into control group (basal feed), mycotoxin group (contaminated feed) and glutamate group (2% glutamate+contaminated feed). Compared with control group, mold-contaminated feed decreased average daily gain (ADG) and increased feed conversion rate (FCR). Meanwhile, fed mold-contaminated feed impaired anti-oxidative system and intestinal morphology, as well as modified the serum amino acid profile in growing pigs. However, supplementation with glutamate exhibited potential positive effects on growth performance of pigs fed mold-contaminated feed, ameliorated the imbalance antioxidant system and abnormalities of intestinal structure caused by mycotoxins. In addition, dietary glutamate supplementation to some extent restored changed serum amino acid profile caused by mold-contaminated feed. In conclusion, glutamic acid may be act as a nutritional regulating factor to ameliorate the adverse effects induced by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Dun Deng
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Qingqi Wen
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Fujian Aonong biotechnology corporation, Xiamen, Fujian 361007, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Fujian Aonong biotechnology corporation, Xiamen, Fujian 361007, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Research and Development Center, Twins Group Co., Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xingli Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Minghong Chen
- Hunan New Wellful Co., LTD, Changsha, Hunan, 410001, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Li Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Charles M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man, R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Southwest Collaborative Innovation center of swine for quality & safety, 211#211Huiming Road, Wenjiang district, Chengdu, China
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18
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Antonissen G, Van Immerseel F, Pasmans F, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F, Timbermont L, Verlinden M, Janssens GPJ, Eeckhaut V, Eeckhout M, De Saeger S, Hessenberger S, Martel A, Croubels S. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol predisposes for the development of Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108775. [PMID: 25268498 PMCID: PMC4182565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mycotoxin contamination of feed and Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis have an increasing global economic impact on poultry production. Especially the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common feed contaminant. This study aimed at examining the predisposing effect of DON on the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. An experimental Clostridium perfringens infection study revealed that DON, at a contamination level of 3,000 to 4,000 µg/kg feed, increased the percentage of birds with subclinical necrotic enteritis from 20±2.6% to 47±3.0% (P<0.001). DON significantly reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance in duodenal segments (P<0.001) and decreased duodenal villus height (P = 0.014) indicating intestinal barrier disruption and intestinal epithelial damage, respectively. This may lead to an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium and decreased absorption of dietary proteins. Protein analysis of duodenal content indeed showed that DON contamination resulted in a significant increase in total protein concentration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, DON had no effect on in vitro growth, alpha toxin production and netB toxin transcription of Clostridium perfringens. In conclusion, feed contamination with DON at concentrations below the European maximum guidance level of 5,000 µg/kg feed, is a predisposing factor for the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. These results are associated with a negative effect of DON on the intestinal barrier function and increased intestinal protein availability, which may stimulate growth and toxin production of Clostridium perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leen Timbermont
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Verlinden
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Paul Jules Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mia Eeckhout
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bio-analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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19
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Pinton P, Oswald IP. Effect of deoxynivalenol and other Type B trichothecenes on the intestine: a review. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1615-43. [PMID: 24859243 PMCID: PMC4052256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6051615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural food contaminants, mycotoxins, are regarded as an important risk factor for human and animal health, as up to 25% of the world's crop production may be contaminated. The Fusarium genus produces large quantities of fusariotoxins, among which the trichothecenes are considered as a ubiquitous problem worldwide. The gastrointestinal tract is the first physiological barrier against food contaminants, as well as the first target for these toxicants. An increasing number of studies suggest that intestinal epithelial cells are targets for deoxynivalenol (DON) and other Type B trichothecenes (TCTB). In humans, various adverse digestive symptoms are observed on acute exposure, and in animals, these toxins induce pathological lesions, including necrosis of the intestinal epithelium. They affect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium through alterations in cell morphology and differentiation and in the barrier function. Moreover, DON and TCTB modulate the activity of intestinal epithelium in its role in immune responsiveness. TCTB affect cytokine production by intestinal or immune cells and are supposed to interfere with the cross-talk between epithelial cells and other intestinal immune cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the effects of DON and other TCTB on the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pinton
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse F-31027, France.
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20
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Sanders M, De Boevre M, Dumoulin F, Detavernier C, Martens F, Van Poucke C, Eeckhout M, De Saeger S. Sampling of wheat dust and subsequent analysis of deoxynivalenol by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6259-6264. [PMID: 23782015 DOI: 10.1021/jf401323s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat dust. Extraction was carried out with acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (79/20/1, v/v/v) followed by a hexane defatting step. Analysis was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Quattro Premier XE mass spectrometer. The method was validated according to the criteria mentioned in Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Due to a high contamination level of wheat dust compared to wheat, limit of detection and limit of quantitation levels of 358 ng/g and 717 ng/g, respectively, were obtained. A small survey was executed on raw wheat materials and their corresponding dust samples (n = 12). The samples were analyzed according to the developed procedure. A linear correlation (R² = 0.941) was found for the deoxynivalenol concentration in dust versus the deoxynivalenol concentration in wheat. Therefore, it would be possible to estimate the cereal contamination through dust contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sanders
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Modulation of intestinal functions following mycotoxin ingestion: meta-analysis of published experiments in animals. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:396-430. [PMID: 23430606 PMCID: PMC3640542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can cause serious health problems in animals, and may result in severe economic losses. Deleterious effects of these feed contaminants in animals are well documented, ranging from growth impairment, decreased resistance to pathogens, hepato- and nephrotoxicity to death. By contrast, data with regard to their impact on intestinal functions are more limited. However, intestinal cells are the first cells to be exposed to mycotoxins, and often at higher concentrations than other tissues. In addition, mycotoxins specifically target high protein turnover- and activated-cells, which are predominant in gut epithelium. Therefore, intestinal investigations have gained significant interest over the last decade, and some publications have demonstrated that mycotoxins are able to compromise several key functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including decreased surface area available for nutrient absorption, modulation of nutrient transporters, or loss of barrier function. In addition some mycotoxins facilitate persistence of intestinal pathogens and potentiate intestinal inflammation. By contrast, the effect of these fungal metabolites on the intestinal microbiota is largely unknown. This review focuses on mycotoxins which are of concern in terms of occurrence and toxicity, namely: aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins. Results from nearly 100 published experiments (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) were analyzed with a special attention to the doses used.
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