1
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Zhang Q, Meyerhoff ME. Nitric Oxide Release for Enhanced Biocompatibility and Analytical Performance of Implantable Electrochemical Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mark E. Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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2
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Bhave G, Chen JC, Singer A, Sharma A, Robinson JT. Distributed sensor and actuator networks for closed-loop bioelectronic medicine. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 46:125-135. [PMID: 34366697 PMCID: PMC8336425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing implantable bioelectronic systems that continuously monitor physiological functions and simultaneously provide personalized therapeutic solutions for patients remains a persistent challenge across many applications ranging from neural systems to bioelectronic organs. Closed-loop systems typically consist of three functional blocks, namely, sensors, signal processors and actuators. An effective system, that can provide the necessary therapeutics, tailored to individual physiological factors requires a distributed network of sensors and actuators. While significant progress has been made, closed-loop systems still face many challenges before they can truly be considered as long-term solutions for many diseases. In this review, we consider three important criteria where materials play a critical role to enable implantable closed-loop systems: Specificity, Biocompatibility and Connectivity. We look at the progress made in each of these fields with respect to a specific application and outline the challenges in creating bioelectronic technologies for the future.
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3
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Chen H, Simoska O, Lim K, Grattieri M, Yuan M, Dong F, Lee YS, Beaver K, Weliwatte S, Gaffney EM, Minteer SD. Fundamentals, Applications, and Future Directions of Bioelectrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12903-12993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Koun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mengwei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yoo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Samali Weliwatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erin M. Gaffney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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4
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Cai Y, Liang B, Chen S, Zhu Q, Tu T, Wu K, Cao Q, Fang L, Liang X, Ye X. One-step modification of nano-polyaniline/glucose oxidase on double-side printed flexible electrode for continuous glucose monitoring: Characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and in vivo experiment. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112408. [PMID: 32729528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The single-step modification of the nanostructured polyaniline (PANI)/glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme on double-sided, screen-printed, flexible electrodes doped with Prussian blue (PB), has been achieved and successfully applied in continuous glucose monitoring in vivo, and its biocompatibility has been evaluated systematically. The proposed fabrication procedure is simple, low cost, and suitable for large-scale production. PB doped with carbon ink catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in low-voltage conditions, which could help eliminate interferences. And the PANI/GOD nanostructure makes the GOD enzyme more stable for long-term, in vivo monitoring. More importantly, a polyurethane (PU) layer is deposited on the electrode's surface as a diffusion limiting membrane that enhanced the linear range and biocompatibility. In tests in vitro, the proposed biosensor achieved a linear range of 0-12 mM and a good sensitivity of 16.66 μA·mM-1·cm-2(correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9962) with an excellent specificity to glucose. The biosensor exhibits long-term stability, with a maximum lifespan of 14 days when stored in phosphate buffer solution at 4 °C, and achieves a sensitivity of 120%. The biocompatibilities of the electrode materials have also been systematically evaluated in cytotoxicity and cell adhesion tests to ensure the safety of implantation. In experiments in vivo, the biosensor can successfully monitor the glucose level fluctuation of rats after 24 h following implantation. Overall, the biosensor fabricated with the double-side, screen-printing process, satisfies the glucose monitoring range in vivo and eliminates various types of interference, thus establishing a new, large-scale production procedure for flexible in vivo biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Shidie Chen
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Lab of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Qingpeng Cao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Lab of Surgery of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
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5
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Ahmadi Y, Kim KH. Functionalization and customization of polyurethanes for biosensing applications: A state-of-the-art review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Ahmadi Y, Ahmad S. Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Property Enhancement of Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposites: Promising and Versatile Macromolecules for Advanced Applications. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1673403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Younes Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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7
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Desai SK, Bera S, Mondal D. Multifaceted Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Polyurethanes and its Composites. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190315160000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to update many important synthetic pathways, properties and applications
of the polyurethanes and its composites. Polyurethanes (PUs) are a special group of versatile materials
with a great potential for different use in the development of modern, healthy and clean society, including
its multifaceted use in the fields of construction and building related work, transportation, furniture and bedding,
appliances, packaging, textiles, fibres, apparel, machinery and foundry, electronics, footwear, medical
and so forth. Over the last 8-9 decades, several synthetic strategies of the diverse polyurethanes (PUs) are
maturely designed and actively executed using various sustainable and non-sustainable methods for miscellaneous
applications in different areas. The major advantages of the modern PUs are to impose desired properties
in the materials pertinent to the field of work during their preparation by changing a different kind of monomers
and additives. Briefly, this review summarizes the overall accounts, importance, synthetic approaches,
properties, and miscellaneous applications in the desired scenario in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang K. Desai
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Smritilekha Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Dhananjoy Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
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8
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Fang Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Xu Z, Zhang K, Guo Y. Development of Cu nanoflowers modified the flexible needle-type microelectrode and its application in continuous monitoring glucose in vivo. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Cha KH, Wang X, Meyerhoff ME. Nitric Oxide Release for Improving Performance of Implantable Chemical Sensors - A Review. APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY 2017; 9:589-597. [PMID: 29520370 PMCID: PMC5837052 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, there has been extensive interest in developing in vivo chemical sensors that can provide real-time measurements of blood gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH), glucose/lactate, and potentially other critical care analytes in the blood of hospitalized patients. However, clot formation with intravascular sensors and foreign body response toward sensors implanted subcutaneously can cause inaccurate analytical results. Further, the risk of bacterial infection from any sensor implanted in the human body is another major concern. To solve these issues, the release of an endogenous gas molecule, nitric oxide (NO), from the surface of such sensors has been investigated owing to NO's ability to inhibit platelet activation/adhesion, foreign body response and bacterial growth. This paper summarizes the importance of NO's therapeutic potential for this application and reviews the publications to date that report on the analytical performance of NO release sensors in laboratory testing and/or during in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ha Cha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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10
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Fleming G, Aveyard J, Fothergill JL, McBride F, Raval R, D'Sa RA. Nitric Oxide Releasing Polymeric Coatings for the Prevention of Biofilm Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E601. [PMID: 30965904 PMCID: PMC6418929 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing polymer coatings to prevent biofilm formation is described. NO-releasing coatings on (poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and silicone elastomer (SE)) were fabricated using aminosilane precursors. Pristine PET and SE were oxygen plasma treated, followed by immobilisation of two aminosilane molecules: N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)diethylenetriamine (DET3) and N-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)aniline (PTMSPA). N-diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide donors were formed at the secondary amine sites on the aminosilane molecules producing NO-releasing polymeric coatings. The NO payload and release were controlled by the aminosilane precursor, as DET3 has two secondary amine sites and PTMSPA only one. The antibacterial efficacy of these coatings was tested using a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). All NO-releasing coatings in this study were shown to significantly reduce P. aeruginosa adhesion over 24 h with the efficacy being a function of the aminosilane modification and the underlying substrate. These NO-releasing polymers demonstrate the potential and utility of this facile coating technique for preventing biofilms for indwelling medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fleming
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK.
| | - Jenny Aveyard
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK.
| | - Joanne L Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7B3, UK.
| | - Fiona McBride
- The Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Rasmita Raval
- The Open Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Raechelle A D'Sa
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UK.
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11
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Soto RJ, Schofield JB, Walter SE, Malone-Povolny MJ, Schoenfisch MH. Design Considerations for Silica-Particle-Doped Nitric-Oxide-Releasing Polyurethane Glucose Biosensor Membranes. ACS Sens 2017; 2:140-150. [PMID: 28722434 PMCID: PMC6773259 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing polymers have proven useful for improving the biocompatibility of in vivo glucose biosensors. Unfortunately, leaching of the NO donor from the polymer matrix remains a critical design flaw of NO-releasing membranes. Herein, a toolbox of NO-releasing silica nanoparticles (SNPs) was utilized to systematically evaluate SNP leaching from a diverse selection of biomedical-grade polyurethane sensor membranes. Glucose sensor analytical performance and NO-release kinetics from the sensor membranes were also evaluated as a function of particle and polyurethane (PU) chemistries. Particles modified with N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors were prone to leaching from PU membranes due to the zwitterionic nature of the NO donor modification. Leaching was minimized (<5% of the entrapped silica over 1 month) in low water uptake PUs. However, SNP modification with neutral S-nitrosothiol (RSNO) NO donors lead to biphasic leaching behavior. Particles with low alkanethiol content (<3.0 wt % sulfur) leached excessively from a hydrogel PU formulation (HP-93A-100 PU), while particles with greater degrees of thiol modification did not leach from any of the PUs tested. A functional glucose sensor was developed using an optimized HP-93A-100 PU membrane doped with RSNO-modified SNPs as the outer, glucose diffusion-limiting layer. The realized sensor design responded linearly to physiological concentrations of glucose (minimum 1-21 mM) over 2 weeks incubation in PBS and released NO at >0.8 pmol cm-2 s-1 for up to 6 days with no detectable (<0.6%) particle leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jonathon B. Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shaylyn E. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Maggie J. Malone-Povolny
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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12
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Wo Y, Brisbois EJ, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO). Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1161-83. [PMID: 27226170 PMCID: PMC4955746 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical devices are essential for patient diagnosis and treatment; however, when blood comes in contact with foreign surfaces or homeostasis is disrupted, complications including thrombus formation and bacterial infections can interrupt device functionality, causing false readings and/or shorten device lifetime. Here, we review some of the current approaches for developing antithrombotic and antibacterial materials for biomedical applications. Special emphasis is given to materials that release or generate low levels of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is an endogenous gas molecule that can inhibit platelet activation as well as bacterial proliferation and adhesion. Various NO delivery vehicles have been developed to improve NO's therapeutic potential. In this review, we provide a summary of the NO releasing and NO generating polymeric materials developed to date, with a focus on the chemistry of different NO donors, the polymer preparation processes, and in vitro and in vivo applications of the two most promising types of NO donors studied thus far, N-diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) and S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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DiPasquale LT, Poulos NG, Hall JR, Minocha A, Bui TA, Leopold MC. Structure–function relationships affecting the sensing mechanism of monolayer-protected cluster doped xerogel amperometric glucose biosensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 450:202-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Storm WL, Johnson JA, Worley BV, Slomberg DL, Schoenfisch MH. Dual action antimicrobial surfaces via combined nitric oxide and silver release. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1974-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley L. Storm
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Justin A. Johnson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Brittany V. Worley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Danielle L. Slomberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
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15
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Soto R, Privett BJ, Schoenfisch MH. In vivo analytical performance of nitric oxide-releasing glucose biosensors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7141-9. [PMID: 24984031 PMCID: PMC4116185 DOI: 10.1021/ac5017425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo analytical performance of percutaneously implanted nitric oxide (NO)-releasing amperometric glucose biosensors was evaluated in swine for 10 d. Needle-type glucose biosensors were functionalized with NO-releasing polyurethane coatings designed to release similar total amounts of NO (3.1 μmol cm(-2)) for rapid (16.0 ± 4.4 h) or slower (>74.6 ± 16.6 h) durations and remain functional as outer glucose sensor membranes. Relative to controls, NO-releasing sensors were characterized with improved numerical accuracy on days 1 and 3. Furthermore, the clinical accuracy and sensitivity of rapid NO-releasing sensors were superior to control and slower NO-releasing sensors at both 1 and 3 d implantation. In contrast, the slower, extended, NO-releasing sensors were characterized by shorter sensor lag times (<4.2 min) in response to intravenous glucose tolerance tests versus burst NO-releasing and control sensors (>5.8 min) at 3, 7, and 10 d. Collectively, these results highlight the potential for NO release to enhance the analytical utility of in vivo glucose biosensors. Initial results also suggest that this analytical performance benefit is dependent on the NO-release duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
J. Soto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Privett
- Novan
Therapeutics, 4222 Emperor
Boulevard, Suite 200, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Study of glucose biosensor lifetime improvement in 37°C serum based on PANI enzyme immobilization and PLGA biodegradable membrane. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Koh A, Lu Y, Schoenfisch MH. Fabrication of nitric oxide-releasing porous polyurethane membranes-coated needle-type implantable glucose biosensors. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10488-94. [PMID: 24102638 DOI: 10.1021/ac402312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The active release of pharmaceutical agents and the use of porous sensor membranes represent the two most promising strategies for addressing the poor tissue biocompatibility of implantable glucose biosensors. Herein, we describe the combination of these approaches to create nitric oxide (NO)-releasing porous fiber mat-modified sensor membranes. An electrospinning method was used to directly modify needle-type glucose biosensors with the NO donor-loaded fibers. The resulting NO-releasing fiber mat (540 ± 139 nm fiber diameter, 94.1 ± 3.7% porosity) released ~100 nmol of NO per mg of polyurethane over 6 h while maintaining a porous structure without leaching of the NO donor, even in serum. The porous fiber membrane did not influence the analytical performance of the biosensor when ≤50 μm thick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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18
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Storm WL, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing xerogels synthesized from N-diazeniumdiolate-modified silane precursors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:4904-12. [PMID: 23651116 PMCID: PMC3700405 DOI: 10.1021/am4006397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel materials were synthesized using N-diazeniumdiolate-modified silane monomers that were subsequently co-condensed with an alkoxysilane. The NO-release characteristics were tuned by varying the aminosilane structure and concentration. The resulting materials exhibited maximum NO release totals and durations ranging from 0.45-3.2 μmol cm(-2) and 20-90 h, respectively. The stability of the xerogel networks was optimized by varying the alkoxysilane backbone identity, water to silane ratio, base catalyst concentration, reaction time, and drying conditions. The response of glucose biosensors prepared using the NO-releasing xerogel (15 mol % N-diazeniumdiolate-modified N-2-(aminoethyl)-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) as an outer sensor membrane was linear (R(2) = 0.979) up to 24 mM glucose. The sensitivity (3.4 nA mM(-1)) of the device to glucose was maintained for 7 days in phosphate buffered saline. The facile sol-gel synthetic route, along with the NO release and glucose biosensor characteristics, demonstrates the versatility of this method for biosensor membrane applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley L. Storm
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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19
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Gifford R. Continuous glucose monitoring: 40 years, what we've learned and what's next. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2032-44. [PMID: 23649735 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After 40 years of research and development, today continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is demonstrating the benefit it provides for millions with diabetes. To provide in vivo accuracy, new permselective membranes and mediated systems have been developed to prevent enzyme saturation and to minimize interference signals. Early in vivo implanted sensor research clearly showed that the foreign body response was a more difficult issue to overcome. Understanding the biological interface and circumventing the inflammatory response continue to drive development of a CGM sensor with accuracy and reliability performance suitable in a closed-loop artificial pancreas. Along with biocompatible polymer development, other complimentary algorithm and data analysis techniques have improved the performance of commercial systems significantly. For example, the mean average relative difference of Dexcom's CGM system improved from 26 to 14% and its use-life was extended from 3 to 7 d. Significant gains in usability, including size, flexibility, insertion, calibration, and data interface, have been incorporated into new generations of commercial CGM systems. Besides Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott, other major players are also investing in CGM. Becton Dickinson is conducting clinical trials with an optical galactose glucose binding system. Development of fully implanted sensor systems fulfills the desire for a discreet, reliable CGM system. Research continues to find innovative ways to help make living with diabetes easier and more normal, and new segments are being pursued (intensive care unit, surgery, behavior modification) in which CGM is being utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Gifford
- Life Science, Acreo Swedish ICT AB, Box 787 SE-601 17 Norrköping, Sweden.
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Wu H, Fan S, Zhu W, Dai Z, Zou X. Investigation of electrocatalytic pathway for hemoglobin toward nitric oxide by electrochemical approach based on protein controllable unfolding and in-situ reaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 41:589-94. [PMID: 23079342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach based on protein controllable unfolding was developed and applied in combination with in-situ reaction in order to investigate the electrocatalytic pathway for hemoglobin (Hb) toward nitric oxide (NO). Hb was entrapped in a dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB) film modified glassy carbon electrode (DDAB/Hb/GCE). Two typical denaturants of acid and urea were synergistically utilized to control the incorporated Hb to a most unfolded state without losing heme groups. Under optimal conditions, the unfolded DDAB/Hb/GCE exhibited accelerated direct electron transfer. The sensitivities for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), NaNO(2) and NO were improved as 3, 10 and 12 times higher than those on the native DDAB/Hb/GCE, and the limits of detection (LODs) for AA, NaNO(2) and NO were down to 0.33, 0.83 and 0.063 μM, respectively. The unfolded DDAB/Hb/GCE was further applied for the investigation of Hb-NO interaction in NaNO(2) solution. With successive additions of AA, NO was generated in situ on DDAB/Hb/GCE. A new reduction peak of the intermediate HbFe(II)-HN(2)O(2) was successfully revealed near -0.65 V. The whole electrocatalytic mechanism was proposed and verified by density functional theory. The method can be a promising platform for facile study of the interaction between NO and heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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21
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Taite LJ, West JL. Poly(ethylene glycol)-lysine dendrimers for targeted delivery of nitric oxide. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156856206778530696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Coneski PN, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide release: part III. Measurement and reporting. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3753-8. [PMID: 22362308 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide's expansive physiological and regulatory roles have driven the development of therapies for human disease that would benefit from exogenous NO administration. Already a number of therapies utilizing gaseous NO or NO donors capable of storing and delivering NO have been proposed and designed to exploit NO's influence on the cardiovascular system, cancer biology, the immune response, and wound healing. As described in Nitric oxide release: Part I. Macromolecular scaffolds and Part II. Therapeutic applications, the preparation of new NO-release strategies/formulations and the study of their therapeutic utility are increasing rapidly. However, comparison of such studies remains difficult due to the diversity of scaffolds, NO measurement strategies, and reporting methods employed across disciplines. This tutorial review highlights useful analytical techniques for the detection and measurement of NO. We also stress the importance of reporting NO delivery characteristics to allow appropriate comparison of NO between studies as a function of material and intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Coneski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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23
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Tiwari I, Singh KP. Composite materials based on ormosil for the construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring devices remain limited in their duration of use due to difficulties presented by the foreign body response (FBR), which impairs sensor functionality immediately following implantation via biofouling and leukocyte infiltration. The FBR persists through the life of the implant, culminating with fibrous encapsulation and isolation from normal tissue. These issues have led researchers to develop strategies to mitigate the FBR and improve tissue integration. Studies have often focused on abating the FBR using various outer coatings, thereby changing the chemical or physical characteristics of the sensor surface. While such strategies have led to some success, they have failed to fully integrate the sensor into surrounding tissue. To further address biocompatibility, researchers have designed coatings capable of actively releasing biological agents (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, dexamethasone, and nitric oxide) to direct the FBR to induce tissue integration. Active release approaches have proven promising and, when combined with biocompatible coating materials, may ultimately improve the in vivo lifetime of subcutaneous glucose biosensors. This article focuses on strategies currently under development for mitigating the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Koh A, Riccio DA, Sun B, Carpenter AW, Nichols SP, Schoenfisch MH. Fabrication of nitric oxide-releasing polyurethane glucose sensor membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 28:17-24. [PMID: 21795038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite clear evidence that polymeric nitric oxide (NO) release coatings reduce the foreign body response (FBR) and may thus improve the analytical performance of in vivo continuous glucose monitoring devices when used as sensor membranes, the compatibility of the NO release chemistry with that required for enzymatic glucose sensing remains unclear. Herein, we describe the fabrication and characterization of NO-releasing polyurethane sensor membranes using NO donor-modified silica vehicles embedded within the polymer. In addition to demonstrating tunable NO release as a function of the NO donor silica scaffold and polymer compositions and concentrations, we describe the impact of the NO release vehicle and its release kinetics on glucose sensor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahyeon Koh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Helton KL, Ratner BD, Wisniewski NA. Biomechanics of the sensor-tissue interface-effects of motion, pressure, and design on sensor performance and the foreign body response-part I: theoretical framework. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2011; 5:632-46. [PMID: 21722578 PMCID: PMC3192629 DOI: 10.1177/193229681100500317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of biomechanics in glucose sensor function has been largely overlooked. This article is the first part of a two-part review in which we look beyond commonly recognized chemical biocompatibility to explore the biomechanics of the sensor-tissue interface as an important aspect of continuous glucose sensor biocompatibility. Part I provides a theoretical framework to describe how biomechanical factors such as motion and pressure (typically micromotion and micropressure) give rise to interfacial stresses, which affect tissue physiology around a sensor and, in turn, impact sensor performance. Three main contributors to sensor motion and pressure are explored: applied forces, sensor design, and subject/patient considerations. We describe how acute forces can temporarily impact sensor signal and how chronic forces can alter the foreign body response and inflammation around an implanted sensor, and thus impact sensor performance. The importance of sensor design (e.g., size, shape, modulus, texture) and specific implant location on the tissue response are also explored. In Part II: Examples and Application (a sister publication), examples from the literature are reviewed, and the application of biomechanical concepts to sensor design are described. We believe that adding biomechanical strategies to the arsenal of material compositions, surface modifications, drug elution, and other chemical strategies will lead to improvements in sensor biocompatibility and performance.
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Yan Q, Major TC, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Intravascular glucose/lactate sensors prepared with nitric oxide releasing poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based coatings for enhanced biocompatibility. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4276-82. [PMID: 21592764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous amperometric needle-type enzymatic glucose/lactate sensors intended for continuous monitoring are prepared with a novel nitric oxide (NO) releasing layer to improve device hemocompatibility. To create an underlying NO release coating, the sensors with immobilized enzymes (either glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase) are prepared with a thin layer of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) loaded with lipophilic diazeniumdiolate species that slowly release NO via a proton driven reaction. An outer thin layer (ca. 30 μm) of PurSil (polyurethane/dimethylsiloxane copolymer) limits the flux of glucose and lactate to the inner layer of enzyme, to provide the desired linear amperometric response. A 30 μm coating of PLGA containing 33 wt% of the appropriate NO donor (N-diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine, DBHD/N₂O₂) can release NO at a physiologically relevant rate > 1 × 10⁻¹⁰mol min⁻¹ cm⁻² for at least 7 days without influencing the analytical performance of the glucose/lactate sensors. In vitro, the sensors exhibit relatively stable amperometric response over a one-week period with high selectivity over interferences (e.g., ascorbic acid) required for blood monitoring applications. Glucose sensors implanted in the veins of rabbits for 8h exhibit significantly enhanced hemocompatibility for the NO release sensors vs. corresponding controls (without NO release in same animals), with greatly reduced thrombus formation on their surfaces. Further, the analytical performance of the NO release glucose sensors are superior to controls placed in the veins of the same animals, with a greater accuracy in measuring blood glucose levels as evaluated using a Clarke error grid type analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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28
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Abstract
Progress and development in biosensor development will inevitably focus upon the technology of the nanomaterials that offer promise to solve the biocompatibility and biofouling problems. The biosensors using smart nanomaterials have applications for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, pathogens, toxins, proteins, microbes, plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water. Thus, biosensors are excellent analytical tools for pollution monitoring, by which implementation of legislative provisions to safeguard our biosphere could be made effectively plausible. The current trends and challenges with nanomaterials for various applications will have focus biosensor development and miniaturization. All these growing areas will have a remarkable influence on the development of new ultrasensitive biosensing devices to resolve the severe pollution problems in the future that not only challenges the human health but also affects adversely other various comforts to living entities. This review paper summarizes recent progress in the development of biosensors by integrating functional biomolecules with different types of nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, inorganic/organic hybrid, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes/graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P. Singh
- Nanotechnology Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India
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29
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Lin Y, Zhu N, Yu P, Su L, Mao L. Physiologically relevant online electrochemical method for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of striatum glucose and lactate following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Anal Chem 2010; 81:2067-74. [PMID: 19281258 DOI: 10.1021/ac801946s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a new electroanalytical method with a high physiological relevance for simultaneous online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the striatum of the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The online analytical method is based on the efficient integration of in vivo microdialysis sampling with an online selective electrochemical detection with the electrochemical biosensors with dehydrogenases, i.e., glucose and lactate dehydrogenases, as recognition elements. The dehydrogenase-based electrochemical biosensors are developed onto the dual split-disk plastic carbon film (SPCF) electrodes with methylene green (MG) adsorbed onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as the electrocatalyst for the oxidation of dihydronicotiamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) at a low potential of 0.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) containing NAD(+) is externally perfused from a second pump and online mixed with the brain microdialysates to minimize the variation of pH that occurred following the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to supply NAD(+) cofactor and O(2) for the enzymatic reactions of dehydrogenases and ascorbate oxidase, respectively. As a result, the developed online electroanalytical method exhibits a high selectivity against the electrochemically active species endogenously existing in the cerebral systems and a high tolerance against the variation of pH and O(2) following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This property, along with the good linearity and a high stability toward glucose and lactate as well as little cross-talk between two biosensors, substantially makes this method possible for the continuous, simultaneous, and online monitoring of glucose and lactate in the rat brain following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. This study establishes a new and effective platform for the investigation of the energy metabolism in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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30
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Koehler JJ, Zhao J, Jedlicka SS, Porterfield DM, Rickus JL. Compartmentalized Nanocomposite for Dynamic Nitric Oxide Release. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15086-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp803276u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Koehler
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility at the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jianxiu Zhao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility at the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Sabrina S. Jedlicka
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility at the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - D. Marshall Porterfield
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility at the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jenna L. Rickus
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility at the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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31
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Sadik OA, Aluoch AO, Zhou A. Status of biomolecular recognition using electrochemical techniques. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:2749-65. [PMID: 19054662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoscale materials (e.g., nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanorods) for electrochemical biosensing has seen explosive growth in recent years following the discovery of carbon nanotubes by Sumio Ijima in 1991. Although the resulting label-free sensors could potentially simplify the molecular recognition process, there are several important hurdles to be overcome. These include issues of validating the biosensor on statistically large population of real samples rather than the commonly reported relatively short synthetic oligonucleotides, pristine laboratory standards or bioreagents; multiplexing the sensors to accommodate high-throughput, multianalyte detection as well as application in complex clinical and environmental samples. This article reviews the status of biomolecular recognition using electrochemical detection by analyzing the trends, limitations, challenges and commercial devices in the field of electrochemical biosensors. It provides a survey of recent advances in electrochemical biosensors including integrated microelectrode arrays with microfluidic technologies, commercial multiplex electrochemical biosensors, aptamer-based sensors, and metal-enhanced electrochemical detection (MED), with limits of detection in the attomole range. Novel applications are also reviewed for cancer monitoring, detection of food pathogens, as well as recent advances in electrochemical glucose biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Sensors & Environmental Monitoring, State University of New York-Binghamton, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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32
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Varu VN, Tsihlis ND, Kibbe MR. Basic science review: nitric oxide--releasing prosthetic materials. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2008; 43:121-31. [PMID: 18799500 DOI: 10.1177/1538574408322752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic devices that come into contact with blood ultimately fail secondary to thrombus formation. This limits the utility of a variety of materials used to surgically treat cardiovascular disease, including vascular grafts and stents, as well as sensors and catheters placed within the circulatory system. Moreover, systemic anticoagulation that is used to prevent malfunction of these devices has potential for serious complications. It is known that nitric oxide (NO) produced via the endothelium imparts thromboresistant properties to native blood vessels. Thus, if NO were delivered locally to the site of the prosthetic material, it has the potential to halt thrombus formation while limiting life-threatening side effects. This review serves to examine the variety of NO-releasing materials that have been created with the two different classes of NO donors, the diazeniumdiolates and S-nitrosothiols, and the clinical applications of these prosthetics for potential future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit N Varu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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33
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Shin JH, Privett BJ, Kita JM, Wightman RM, Schoenfisch MH. Fluorinated xerogel-derived microelectrodes for amperometric nitric oxide sensing. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6850-9. [PMID: 18714964 PMCID: PMC2772994 DOI: 10.1021/ac800185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric fluorinated xerogel-derived nitric oxide (NO) microelectrode is described. A range of fluorine-modified xerogel polymers were synthesized via the cohydrolysis and condensation of alkylalkoxy- and fluoroalkoxysilanes. Such polymers were evaluated as NO sensor membranes to identify the optimum composition for maximizing NO permeability while providing sufficient selectivity for NO in the presence of common interfering species. By taking advantage of both the versatility of sol-gel chemistry and the "poly(tetrafluoroethylene)-like" high NO permselective properties of the xerogels, the performance of the fluorinated xerogel-derived sensors was excellent, surpassing all miniaturized NO sensors reported to date. In contrast to previous electrochemical NO sensor designs, xerogel-based NO microsensors were fabricated using a simple, reliable dip-coating procedure. An optimal permselective membrane was achieved by synthesizing xerogels of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) and 20% (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl)trimethoxysilane (17FTMS, balance MTMOS) under acid-catalyzed conditions. The resulting NO microelectrode had a conical tip of approximately 20 microm in diameter and approximately 55 microm in length and exhibited sensitivities of 7.91 pA x nM (-1) from 0.2 to 3.0 nM (R (2) = 0.9947) and 7.60 nA x microM (-1) from 0.5 to 4.0 microM ( R (2) = 0.9999), detection limit of 83 pM (S/ N = 3), response time ( t 95%) of <3 s, and selectivity (log K NO, j (amp)) of -5.74, <-6, <-6, <-6, <-6, -5.84, and -1.33 for j = nitrite, ascorbic acid, uric acid, acetaminophen, dopamine, ammonia/ammonium, and carbon monoxide. In addition, the sensor proved functional up to 20 d, maintaining >or=90% of the sensor's initial sensitivity without serious deterioration in selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Benjamin J. Privett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Justin M. Kita
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - R. Mark Wightman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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34
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Gupta R, Kumar A. Bioactive materials for biomedical applications using sol–gel technology. Biomed Mater 2008; 3:034005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Wang X, Uchiyama S. Amperometric Glucose Sensor Fabricated by Combining Glucose Oxidase Micelle Membrane and Aminated Glassy Carbon Electrode. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Dobmeier KP, Riccio DA, Schoenfisch MH. Xerogel optical sensor films for quantitative detection of nitroxyl. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1247-54. [PMID: 18197695 DOI: 10.1021/ac702024t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Xerogel sensing films were synthesized via sol-gel chemistry were used to fabricate optical nitroxyl (HNO) sensors [corrected] Selective detection of HNO in solution was achieved by monitoring the rates of manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinate (MnIIITPPS) reductive nitrosylation in the anaerobic interior of aminoalkoxysilane-derived xerogel films. Nitroxyl permeability in sensor films deposited in round-bottom 96-well plates was enhanced via incorporation of trimethoxysilyl-terminated poly(amidoamine-organosilicon) dendrimers in the xerogel network. The selectivity of MnIIITPPS for HNO, the overall sensitivity, and the working dynamic range of the resulting sensors were characterized. The HNO-sensing microtiter plates were used to quantify pH-dependent HNO generation by the recently described HNO-donor sodium 1-(isopropylamino)diazene-1-ium-1,2-diolate (IPA/NO), and compare HNO production efficiency between IPA/NO and Angeli's salt, a traditional HNO-donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Dobmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wang
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Department of Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5801, USA.
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38
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Dobmeier KP, Charville GW, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing xerogel-based fiber-optic pH sensors. Anal Chem 2007; 78:7461-6. [PMID: 17073413 PMCID: PMC2564808 DOI: 10.1021/ac060995p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A xerogel-based optical pH sensor capable of releasing low levels of nitric oxide (NO) and measuring changes in solution pH is reported. Through simple dip-coating procedures, aminoalkoxysilane-based xerogel films modified with N-diazeniumdiolate NO donor precursors and the fluorescent pH indicator seminaphthorhodamine-1 carboxylate (SNARF-1) were sequentially deposited onto optical fibers. The resulting sensors were characterized by fast and linear response to pH throughout the physiological range (pH 7.0-7.8). Real-time chemiluminescence measurements confirmed that the presence of the overlying SNARF-1-containing TMOS layer did not have an inhibitory effect on N-diazeniumdiolate formation or NO release, and the NO-releasing coatings were capable of maintaining NO fluxes >0.4 pmol/cm(2) s up to 16 h. In vitro blood compatibility studies using porcine platelets confirmed the expected thromboresistivity of the NO-releasing xerogel coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Dobmeier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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39
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Kandimalla VB, Tripathi VS, Ju H. Immobilization of Biomolecules in Sol–Gels: Biological and Analytical Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340600713652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Babu Kandimalla
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Vijay Shyam Tripathi
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- a Department of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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40
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Hetrick EM, Schoenfisch MH. Antibacterial nitric oxide-releasing xerogels: cell viability and parallel plate flow cell adhesion studies. Biomaterials 2007; 28:1948-56. [PMID: 17240444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogels to reduce adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under flowing conditions was evaluated using a parallel plate flow chamber. At a controlled bacterial suspension flow rate of 0.2mL/min, the NO-releasing xerogels reduced bacterial adhesion in a flux-dependent fashion, with an NO flux of approximately 21pmolcm(-2)s(-1) reducing P. aeruginosa adhesion by approximately 65% compared to controls. Fluorescent viability staining indicated that bacteria adhered to NO-releasing xerogels were killed within 7h. Quantitative cell-plating viability studies showed that the extent of bactericidal activity was dependent on the total amount of NO released, with 750nmolcm(-2) killing >90% more adhered bacteria than xerogels releasing 25nmolcm(-2). Thus, NO-releasing xerogels were shown to both inhibit P. aeruginosa adhesion and kill adhered bacteria cells, two important steps toward designing anti-infective biomaterial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Hetrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Taite LJ, Yang P, Jun HW, West JL. Nitric oxide-releasing polyurethane–PEG copolymer containing the YIGSR peptide promotes endothelialization with decreased platelet adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 84:108-16. [PMID: 17497680 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia are the principal causes of small-diameter vascular graft failure. To improve the long-term patency of polyurethane vascular grafts, we have incorporated both poly(ethylene glycol) and a diazeniumdiolate nitric oxide (NO) donor into the backbone of polyurethane to improve thromboresistance. Additionally, we have incorporated the laminin-derived cell adhesive peptide sequence YIGSR to encourage endothelial cell adhesion and migration, while NO release encourages endothelial cell proliferation. NO production by polyurethane films under physiological conditions demonstrated biphasic release, in which an initial burst of 70% of the incorporated NO was released within 2 days, followed by sustained release over 2 months. Endothelial cell proliferation in the presence of the NO-releasing material was increased as compared to control polyurethane, and platelet adhesion to polyethylene glycol-containing polyurethane was decreased significantly with the addition of the NO donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakeshia J Taite
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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Schoenfisch MH, Rothrock AR, Shin JH, Polizzi MA, Brinkley MF, Dobmeier KP. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped nitric oxide-releasing xerogels as glucose biosensor membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:306-12. [PMID: 16483759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing xerogel membranes were prepared as coatings for an electrochemical glucose biosensor to allow for enhanced biocompatibility while maintaining adequate response times and sensitivity. Formation of the NO-donor species was found to drastically decrease the permeability of the aminosilane-based xerogels to both hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) polymer enhanced the membrane permeability even after exposure to high pressures of NO (necessary for NO-donor synthesis). The analytical response and NO release of PVP-doped NO-releasing xerogels as glucose sensor membranes were further investigated and found to be enhanced via polymer doping. Doping of the polymer into the xerogel did not compromise the stability of the xerogel as evaluated by silicon leaching studies. Despite the addition of PVP, the NO-releasing xerogels maintained reduced bacterial adhesion characteristics analogous to previous reports for NO-releasing xerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
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Shin JH, Schoenfisch MH. Improving the biocompatibility of in vivo sensors via nitric oxide release. Analyst 2006; 131:609-15. [PMID: 16795923 DOI: 10.1039/b600129g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continuous, real-time monitoring of clinically important analytes (e.g., PO2, PCO2, pH, K+, Na+, glucose, and lactate) is of great importance to human health care. Despite considerable efforts spanning several decades, the use of in vivo sensors clinically remains limited due to inadequate biocompatibility. The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as an effective inhibitor of platelet and bacterial adhesion has opened a new direction of research related to designing the next generation of in vivo sensors. In this Highlight article, recent progress in designing more biocompatible in vivo sensors is described, with a particular focus on preparing interfaces that resist biofouling via controlled NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Oh BK, Robbins ME, Nablo BJ, Schoenfisch MH. Miniaturized glucose biosensor modified with a nitric oxide-releasing xerogel microarray. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:749-57. [PMID: 16242614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-based glucose biosensor modified to release nitric oxide (NO) via a xerogel microarray is reported. The biosensor design is as follows: (1) glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized in a methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS) xerogel layer; (2) a blended polyurethane/hydrophilic polyurethane coating prevents enzyme leaching and imparts selectivity for glucose; and (3) micropatterned xerogel lines (5 microm wide) separated by distances of 5 or 20 microm provide NO-release capability. This configuration allows for increased glucose sensitivity relative to sensors modified with NO-releasing xerogel films since significant portions of the sensor surface remain unmodified. Glucose diffusion to the GOx layer is thus less inhibited. The micropatterned NO-releasing biosensors generate sufficient NO levels to reduce both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and platelet adhesion without significantly compromising the enzymatic activity of GOx. The glucose response, linearity and stability of the NO-releasing micropatterned sensors are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Kyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Gavalas VG, Berrocal MJ, Bachas LG. Enhancing the blood compatibility of ion-selective electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:65-72. [PMID: 16132141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of various analytes is important for many bioanalytical and biomedical applications. The crucial challenge in this type of applications is the interaction of the sensor with the host environment, which is qualitatively described by the term biocompatibility. This review discusses recent advances in methods and materials used for the improvement of the biocompatibility of ion-selective electrodes especially as it relates to their interaction with blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis G Gavalas
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Wilson GS, Gifford R. Biosensors for real-time in vivo measurements. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2388-403. [PMID: 15854814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 11/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current status of sensors capable of continuous measurement of analytes in biological media is reviewed. This review containing 173 references deals with devices whose use in single cells, tissue slices, animal models and humans has been demonstrated. In addition to sensors specific for glucose, lactate, glutamate, pyruvate, choline and acetylcholine, insights obtained from monitoring nitric oxide, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and dopamine are presented. Performance criteria for sensor performance are described as is the subject of biosensor calibration. Biocompatibility issues are dealt with in some detail as is the status of continuous blood glucose monitoring in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Malott Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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Gifford R, Batchelor MM, Lee Y, Gokulrangan G, Meyerhoff ME, Wilson GS. Mediation ofin vivo glucose sensor inflammatory response via nitric oxide release. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 75:755-66. [PMID: 16138325 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In vivo glucose sensor nitric oxide (NO) release is a means of mediating the inflammatory response that may cause sensor/tissue interactions and degraded sensor performance. The NO release (NOr) sensors were prepared by doping the outer polymeric membrane coating of previously reported needle-type electrochemical sensors with suitable lipophilic diazeniumdiolate species. The Clarke error grid correlation of sensor glycemia estimates versus blood glucose measured in Sprague-Dawley rats yielded 99.7% of the points for NOr sensors and 96.3% of points for the control within zones A and B (clinically acceptable) on Day 1, with a similar correlation for Day 3. Histological examination of the implant site demonstrated that the inflammatory response was significantly decreased for 100% of the NOr sensors at 24 h. The NOr sensors also showed a reduced run-in time of minutes versus hours for control sensors. NO evolution does increase protein nitration in tissue surrounding the sensor, which may be linked to the suppression of inflammation. This study further emphasizes the importance of NO as an electroactive species that can potentially interfere with glucose (peroxide) detection. The NOr sensor offers a viable option for in vivo glucose sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Gifford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Introduction. FRACTAL BINDING AND DISSOCIATION KINETICS FOR DIFFERENT BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS 2005. [PMCID: PMC7152108 DOI: 10.1016/b978-044451945-0/50002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
An amperometric sol-gel derived sensor that both releases nitric oxide (NO) and measures physiologically relevant concentrations of oxygen (PO2) is described. The sensor consists of a platinum electrode coated with an aminosilane/ethyltrimethoxysilane hybrid xerogel film. Hydrophilic polyurethane (HPU) is doped into the hybrid film to reduce sensor hydration time and increase oxygen permeability. Diazeniumdiolate NO donors are formed within the polymer matrix by exposing the cured film to high pressures of NO. These coatings release up to 7.2 pmol s(-1) cm(-2) of NO over the first 12 h and maintain detectable levels of NO release through 48 h. Sensors modified with HPU-doped, NO-releasing xerogels exhibit a linear response to O2 within 30 min of polarization at -0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl, and have a sensitivity of approximately 6 nA/mmHg O2. The xerogel coating is stable in buffer solution with minimal fragmentation over 48 h. In vitro biocompatibility studies indicate that these materials effectively reduce platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Marxer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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