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Hořejší K, Holčapek M. Unraveling the complexity of glycosphingolipidome: the key role of mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of glycosphingolipids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05475-7. [PMID: 39138658 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are a highly heterogeneous class of lipids representing the majority of the sphingolipid category. GSL are fundamental constituents of cellular membranes that have key roles in various biological processes, such as cellular signaling, recognition, and adhesion. Understanding the structural complexity of GSL is pivotal for unraveling their functional significance in a biological context, specifically their crucial role in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a versatile and indispensable tool for the structural elucidation of GSL enabling a deeper understanding of their complex molecular structures and their key roles in cellular dynamics and patholophysiology. Here, we provide a thorough overview of MS techniques tailored for the analysis of GSL, emphasizing their utility in probing GSL intricate structures to advance our understanding of the functional relevance of GSL in health and disease. The application of tandem MS using diverse fragmentation techniques, including novel ion activation methodologies, in studying glycan sequences, linkage positions, and fatty acid composition is extensively discussed. Finally, we address current challenges, such as the detection of low-abundance species and the interpretation of complex spectra, and offer insights into potential solutions and future directions by improving MS instrumentation for enhanced sensitivity and resolution, developing novel ionization techniques, or integrating MS with other analytical approaches for comprehensive GSL characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hořejší
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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2
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In-Depth Analysis of the N-Glycome of Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054842. [PMID: 36902272 PMCID: PMC10003090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. A well-known hallmark of cancer is altered glycosylation. Analyzing the N-glycosylation of CRC cell lines may provide potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. In this study, an in-depth N-glycomic analysis of 25 CRC cell lines was conducted using porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This method allows for the separation of isomers and performs structural characterization, revealing profound N-glycomic diversity among the studied CRC cell lines with the elucidation of a number of 139 N-glycans. A high degree of similarity between the two N-glycan datasets measured on the two different platforms (porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PGC-nano-LC-ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS)) was discovered. Furthermore, we studied the associations between glycosylation features, glycosyltransferases (GTs), and transcription factors (TFs). While no significant correlations between the glycosylation features and GTs were found, the association between TF CDX1 and (s)Le antigen expression and relevant GTs FUT3/6 suggests that CDX1 contributes to the expression of the (s)Le antigen through the regulation of FUT3/6. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the N-glycome of CRC cell lines, which may contribute to the future discovery of novel glyco-biomarkers of CRC.
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Hořejší K, Jin C, Vaňková Z, Jirásko R, Strouhal O, Melichar B, Teneberg S, Holčapek M. Comprehensive characterization of complex glycosphingolipids in human pancreatic cancer tissues. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102923. [PMID: 36681125 PMCID: PMC9976472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 90% of primary pancreatic tumors with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. PDAC exhibits aggressive biology, which, together with late detection, results in most PDAC patients presenting with unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease. In-depth lipid profiling and screening of potential biomarkers currently appear to be a promising approach for early detection of PDAC or other cancers. Here, we isolated and characterized complex glycosphingolipids (GSL) from normal and tumor pancreatic tissues of patients with PDAC using a combination of TLC, chemical staining, carbohydrate-recognized ligand-binding assay, and LC/ESI-MS2. The major neutral GSL identified were GSL with the terminal blood groups A, B, H, Lea, Leb, Lex, Ley, P1, and PX2 determinants together with globo- (Gb3 and Gb4) and neolacto-series GSL (nLc4 and nLc6). We also revealed that the neutral GSL profiles and their relative amounts differ between normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, the normal and tumor pancreatic tissues differ in type 1/2 core chains. Sulfatides and GM3 gangliosides were the predominant acidic GSL along with the minor sialyl-nLc4/nLc6 and sialyl-Lea/Lex. The comprehensive analysis of GSL in human PDAC tissues extends the GSL coverage and provides an important platform for further studies of GSL alterations; therefore, it could contribute to the development of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Hořejší
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Proteomics Core Facility, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Vaňková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jirásko
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Strouhal
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Palacký University Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistryand University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Susann Teneberg
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Michal Holčapek
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, , Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Li J, Bi Y, Zheng Y, Cao C, Yu L, Yang Z, Chai W, Yan J, Lai J, Liang X. Development of high-throughput UPLC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring for quantitation of complex human milk oligosaccharides and application to large population survey of secretor status and Lewis blood group. Food Chem 2022; 397:133750. [PMID: 35882165 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have attracted increasing attention due to the emerging evidence of their positive roles for infant's health. A high-throughput method for absolute quantitation of the complex HMOs including multiple isomeric structures is important but very challenging, due to the highly divers nature and wide variation in content of HMOs from different individuals. Here we used UPLC-MS-MRM in the negative-ion mode for accurate quantitation of 23 complex HMOs in just 15 min. The selected oligosaccharides are in their native forms and include neutral and sialylated, fucosylated and non-fucosylated, linear and branched, and secretor and Lewis phenotype indicators. The well validated method with good sensitivity, recovery and reproducibility was then applied to a large population quantitative survey of 251 Chinese mothers from five different ethnic groups (Han, Zhuang, Hui, Mongolian and Tibetan) living in different geographical regions for their secretor's status and Lewis phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Bi
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Cuiyan Cao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Long Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Li J, Jiang M, Zhou J, Ding J, Guo Z, Li M, Ding F, Chai W, Yan J, Liang X. Characterization of rat and mouse acidic milk oligosaccharides based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117734. [PMID: 33673995 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are one of the most important components in mammalian milk. Milk oligosaccharides can promote colonization of gut microbiota and protect newborns from infections. The diversity and structures of MOs differ among mammalian species. MOs in human and farm animals have been well-documented. However, the knowledge on MOs in rat and mouse have been very limited even though they are the most-widely used models for studies of human physiology and disease. Herein, we use a high-sensitivity online solid-phase extraction and HILIC coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the acidic MOs in rat and mouse. Among the fifteen MOs identified, twelve were reported for the first time in rat and mouse together with two novel sulphated oligosaccharides. The complete list of acidic oligosaccharides present in rat and mouse milk is the baseline information of these animals and should contribute to biological/biomedical studies using rats and mice as models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - JiaoRui Zhou
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Harvey DJ. NEGATIVE ION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF N-LINKED GLYCANS. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:586-679. [PMID: 32329121 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans from glycoproteins are complex, branched structures whose structural determination presents many analytical problems. Mass spectrometry, usually conducted in positive ion mode, often requires extensive sample manipulation, usually by derivatization such as permethylation, to provide the necessary structure-revealing fragment ions. The newer but, so far, lesser used negative ion techniques, on the contrary, provide a wealth of structural information not present in positive ion spectra that greatly simplify the analysis of these compounds and can usually be conducted without the need for derivatization. This review describes the use of negative ion mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of N-linked glycans and emphasises the many advantages that can be gained by this mode of operation. Biosynthesis and structures of the compounds are described followed by methods for release of the glycans from the protein. Methods for ionization are discussed with emphasis on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and methods for producing negative ions from neutral compounds. Acidic glycans naturally give deprotonated species under most ionization conditions. Fragmentation of negative ions is discussed next with particular reference to those ions that are diagnostic for specific features such as the branching topology of the glycans and substitution positions of moieties such as fucose and sulfate, features that are often difficult to identify easily by conventional techniques such as positive ion fragmentation and exoglycosidase digestions. The advantages of negative over positive ions for this structural work are emphasised with an example of a series of glycans where all other methods failed to produce a structure. Fragmentation of derivatized glycans is discussed next, both with respect to derivatives at the reducing terminus of the molecules, and to methods for neutralization of the acidic groups on sialic acids to both stabilize them for MALDI analysis and to produce the diagnostic fragments seen with the neutral glycans. The use of ion mobility, combined with conventional mass spectrometry is described with emphasis on its use to extract clean glycan spectra both before and after fragmentation, to separate isomers and its use to extract additional information from separated fragment ions. A section on applications follows with examples of the identification of novel structures from lower organisms and tables listing the use of negative ions for structural identification of specific glycoproteins, glycans from viruses and uses in the biopharmaceutical industry and in medicine. The review concludes with a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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7
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Multistage mass spectrometry with intelligent precursor selection for N-glycan branching pattern analysis. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yan J, Ding J, Jin G, Duan Z, Yang F, Li D, Zhou H, Li M, Guo Z, Chai W, Liang X. Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides for Lewis Epitopes and Secretor Status by Electrostatic Repulsion Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Negative-Ion Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8199-8206. [PMID: 31070893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are one of the most abundant ingredients in breast milk, and they play a beneficial role for newborns and are important for infant health. The peripheral fucosylated sequences of HMOs, such as the histo-blood group ABH(O) and Lewis a, b, x, and y antigens, are determined by the expression of the secretor (Se) and Lewis (Le) genes in the mammary gland, and are often the recognition motifs and serve as decoy receptors for microbes. In this work, we developed a method for determination of secretor status and Lewis blood phenotype and assignment of Lewis blood-group epitopes. The method was based on electrostatic repulsion/hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (ERLIC-MS/MS). A specifically designed stationary phase, aspartic acid-bonded silica (ABS), was used to separate the acidic and neutral HMOs by electrostatic repulsion followed by HILIC. Negative-ion electrospray MS/MS was then used for analysis of secretor status and Lewis blood phenotypes and assignment of important epitopes of HMOs from the lactating mothers by selecting a specific set of unique fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Fan Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Dandi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Han Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory , Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road , London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
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9
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Huang C, Yan J, Zhan L, Zhao M, Zhou J, Gao H, Xie W, Li Y, Chai W. Linkage and sequence analysis of neutral oligosaccharides by negative-ion MALDI tandem mass spectrometry with laser-induced dissociation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1071:25-35. [PMID: 31128752 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the primary method for high-sensitivity structural determination of oligosaccharides. Fragmentation in the negative-ion MS can provide a wealth of structural information and these can be used for sequence determination. However, although negative-ion MS of neutral oligosaccharide using the deprotonated molecule [M-H]- as the precursor has been very successful for electrospray ionization (ESI), it has only limited success for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). In the present study, the features of negative-ion MALDI primary spectra were investigated in detail and the product-ion spectra using [M-H]- and [M+Cl]- as the precursors were carefully compared. The formation of [M-H]- was the main difficulty for MALDI while [M+Cl]- was proved to be useful as alternative precursor anion for MALDI-MS/MS to produce similar fragmentation for sequencing of neutral oligosaccharides. N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride was then used as both the matrix and the Cl- dopant to evaluate the extent of structural information that can be obtained by negative-ion fragmentation from [M+Cl]- using laser-induced dissociation (LID)-MS/MS for linkage assignment of gluco-oligosaccharides and for typing of blood-group ABO(H) and Lewis antigens on either type 1 or type 2 backbone-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncui Huang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Gao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenchun Xie
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; GuangDong Bio-healtech Advanced, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
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10
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Sun S, Huang C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhou J, Gao F, Yang F, Chen R, Mulloy B, Chai W, Li Y, Bu D. Toward Automated Identification of Glycan Branching Patterns Using Multistage Mass Spectrometry with Intelligent Precursor Selection. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14412-14422. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuncui Huang
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaming Liu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runsheng Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbo Bu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 6 Kexueyuan South Road, Beijing 100080, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Chai W, Zhang Y, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Mulloy B, Sonnino S, Feizi T. Assignment by Negative-Ion Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry of the Tetrasaccharide Backbones of Monosialylated Glycans Released from Bovine Brain Gangliosides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1308-1318. [PMID: 29752599 PMCID: PMC6003998 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides, as plasma membrane-associated sialylated glycolipids, are antigenic structures and they serve as ligands for adhesion proteins of pathogens, for toxins of bacteria, and for endogenous proteins of the host. The detectability by carbohydrate-binding proteins of glycan antigens and ligands on glycolipids can be influenced by the differing lipid moieties. To investigate glycan sequences of gangliosides as recognition structures, we have underway a program of work to develop a "gangliome" microarray consisting of isolated natural gangliosides and neoglycolipids (NGLs) derived from glycans released from them, and each linked to the same lipid molecule for arraying and comparative microarray binding analyses. Here, in the first phase of our studies, we describe a strategy for high-sensitivity assignment of the tetrasaccharide backbones and application to identification of eight of monosialylated glycans released from bovine brain gangliosides. This approach is based on negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID-MS/MS) of the desialylated glycans. Using this strategy, we have the data on backbone regions of four minor components among the monosialo-ganglioside-derived glycans; these are of the ganglio-, lacto-, and neolacto-series. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Maria G Ciampa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Graduate School of Biochemical, Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, University of Milan, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Yan J, Ding J, Jin G, Yu D, Yu L, Long Z, Guo Z, Chai W, Liang X. Profiling of Sialylated Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk Using Online Solid Phase Extraction-Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Negative-Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3174-3182. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhen Long
- Thermofisher Scientific Corporation, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Gao C, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Feizi T, Chai W. Negative-Ion Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Microarray Analyses of Developmentally Regulated Antigens Based on Type 1 and Type 2 Backbone Sequences. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11871-8. [PMID: 26530895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) and type 2 (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) sequences are constituents of the backbones of a large family of glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids whose branching and peripheral substitutions are developmentally regulated. It is highly desirable to have microsequencing methods that can be used to precisely identify and monitor these oligosaccharide sequences with high sensitivity. Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation has been used for characterization of branching points, peripheral substitutions, and partial assignment of linkages in reducing oligosaccharides. We now extend this method to characterizing entire sequences of linear type 1 and type 2 chain-based glycans, focusing on the type 1 and type 2 units in the internal regions including the linkages connecting type 1 and type 2 disaccharide units. We apply the principles to sequence analysis of closely related isomeric oligosaccharides and demonstrate by microarray analyses distinct binding activities of antibodies and a lectin toward various combinations of type 1 and 2 units joined by 1,3- and 1,6-linkages. These sequence-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins are in turn valuable tools for detecting and distinguishing the type 1 and type 2-based developmentally regulated glycan sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, U.K
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14
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Anugraham M, Everest-Dass AV, Jacob F, Packer NH. A platform for the structural characterization of glycans enzymatically released from glycosphingolipids extracted from tissue and cells. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015. [PMID: 26212272 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) constitute a highly diverse class of glyco-conjugates which are involved in many aspects of cell membrane function and disease. The isolation, detection and structural characterization of the carbohydrate (glycan) component of GSLs are particularly challenging given their structural heterogeneity and thus rely on the development of sensitive, analytical technologies. METHODS Neutral and acidic GSL standards were immobilized onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes and glycans were enzymatically released using endoglycoceramidase II (EGCase II), separated by porous graphitized carbon (PGC) liquid chromatography and structurally characterized by negative ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PGC-LC/ESI-MS/MS). This approach was then employed for GSLs isolated from 100 mg of serous and endometrioid cancer tissue and from cell line (10(7) cells) samples. RESULTS Glycans were released from GSL standards comprising of ganglio-, asialo-ganglio- and the relatively resistant globo-series glycans, using as little as 1 mU of enzyme and 2 µg of GSL. The platform of analysis was then applied to GSLs isolated from tissue and cell line samples and the released isomeric and isobaric glycan structures were chromatographically resolved on PGC and characterized by comparison with the MS(2) fragment ion spectra of the glycan standards and by application of known structural MS(2) fragment ions. This approach identified several (neo-)lacto-, globo- and ganglio-series glycans and facilitated the discrimination of isomeric structures containing Lewis A, H type 1 and type 2 blood group antigens and sialyl-tetraosylceramides. CONCLUSION We describe a relatively simple, detergent-free, enzymatic release of glycans from PVDF-immobilized GSLs, followed by the detailed structural analysis afforded by PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS, to offer a versatile method for the analysis of tumour and cell-derived GSL-glycans. The method uses the potential of MS(2) fragmentation in negative ion ESI mode to characterize, in detail, the biologically relevant glycan structures derived from GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrina Anugraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Arun Vijay Everest-Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Francis Jacob
- Gynecological Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
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Oftedal OT, Nicol SC, Davies NW, Sekii N, Taufik E, Fukuda K, Saito T, Urashima T. Can an ancestral condition for milk oligosaccharides be determined? Evidence from the Tasmanian echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus setosus). Glycobiology 2014; 24:826-39. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olav T Oftedal
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
| | | | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Nobuhiro Sekii
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Epi Taufik
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tadao Saito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan
| | - Tadasu Urashima
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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16
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Tao G, Zhang Y, Mulloy B, Zhan X, Chai W. Typing of blood-group antigens on neutral oligosaccharides by negative-ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5940-9. [PMID: 23692402 PMCID: PMC3856363 DOI: 10.1021/ac400700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood-group antigens, such as those containing fucose and bearing the ABO(H)- and Lewis-type determinants expressed on the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids, and also on unconjugated free oligosaccharides in human milk and other secretions, are associated with various biological functions. We have previously shown the utility of negative-ion electrospay ionization tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID-MS/MS) for typing of Lewis (Le) determinants, for example, Le(a), Le(x), Le(b), and Le(y) on neutral and sialylated oligosaccharide chains. In the present report, we extended the strategy to characterization of blood-group A-, B-, and H-determinants on type 1 and type 2 and also on type 4 globoside chains to provide a high sensitivity method for typing of all the major blood-group antigens, including the A, B, H, Le(a), Le(x), Le(b), and Le(y) determinants, present in oligosaccharides. Using the principles established, we identified two minor unknown oligosaccharide components present in the products of enzymatic synthesis by bacterial fermentation. We also demonstrated that the unique fragmentations derived from the D- and (0,2)A-type cleavages observed in ESI-CID-MS/MS, which are important for assigning blood-group and chain types, only occur under the negative-ion conditions for reducing sugars but not for reduced alditols or under positive-ion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Testing and Analysis Centre, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- Testing and Analysis Centre, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Everest-Dass AV, Abrahams JL, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Campbell MP. Structural feature ions for distinguishing N- and O-linked glycan isomers by LC-ESI-IT MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:895-906. [PMID: 23605685 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics is the comprehensive study of glycan expression in an organism, cell, or tissue that relies on effective analytical technologies to understand glycan structure-function relationships. Owing to the macro- and micro-heterogeneity of oligosaccharides, detailed structure characterization has required an orthogonal approach, such as a combination of specific exoglycosidase digestions, LC-MS/MS, and the development of bioinformatic resources to comprehensively profile a complex biological sample. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) has emerged as a key tool in the structural analysis of oligosaccharides because of its high sensitivity, resolution, and robustness. Here, we present a strategy that uses LC-ESI-MS/MS to characterize over 200 N- and O-glycans from human saliva glycoproteins, complemented by sequential exoglycosidase treatment, to further verify the annotated glycan structures. Fragment-specific substructure diagnostic ions were collated from an extensive screen of the literature available on the detailed structural characterization of oligosaccharides and, together with other specific glycan structure feature ions derived from cross-ring and glycosidic-linkage fragmentation, were used to characterize the glycans and differentiate isomers. The availability of such annotated mass spectrometric fragmentation spectral libraries of glycan structures, together with such substructure diagnostic ions, will be key inputs for the future development of the automated elucidation of oligosaccharide structures from MS/MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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18
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Structural and compositional characteristics of hybrid carrageenans from red algae Chondracanthus chamissoi. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:914-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Hu Y, Yu G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Sun X, Jiao G, Zhao X, Chai W. Structural characterization of natural ideal 6-O-sulfated agarose from red alga Gloiopeltis furcata. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:883-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Recent advances in sialic acid-focused glycomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3098-112. [PMID: 22513219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent emergences of glycobiology, glycotechnology and glycomics have been clarifying enormous roles of carbohydrates in biological recognition systems. For example, cell surface carbohydrates existing as glycoconjugates (glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteoglycans) play crucial roles in cell-cell communication, cell proliferation and differentiation, tumor metastasis, inflammatory response or viral infection. In particular, sialic acids (SAs) existing as terminal residues in carbohydrate chains on cell surface are involved in signal recognition and adhesion to ligands, antibodies, enzymes and microbes. In addition, plasma free SAs and sialoglycans have shown great potential for disease biomarker discovery. Therefore, the development of efficient analytical methods for structural and functional studies of SAs and sialylglycans are very important and highly demanded. The problems of SAs and sialylglycans analysis are vanishingly small sample amount, complicated and unstable structures, and complex mixtures. Nevertheless, in the past decade, mass spectrometry in combination with chemical derivatization and modern separation methodologies has become a powerful and versatile technique for structural analysis of SAs and sialylglycans. This review summarizes these recent advances in glycomic studies on SAs and sialylglycans. Specially, derivatization and capturing of SAs and sialylglycans combined with mass spectrometry analysis are highlighted.
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Sequence determination and anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of a novel sulfated fucan isolated from the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:989-1000. [PMID: 22446377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to analyze the structure, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of a sulfated fucan isolated from sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus (fucan-Ib). METHODS Fucan-Ib was hydrolyzed under mild acid conditions. The oligosaccharide fragments were fractionated by gel-filtration chromatography and the structures were determined by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation and two-dimensional NMR. Anticoagulant activities were measured by activated partial thromboplastin, thrombin and prothrombin times, and by in vitro inhibition experiments with factors IIa and Xa. Antithrombotic activities were determined in vitro by measuring the length and weight of the thrombus generated. RESULT The linear polysaccharide sequence of fucan-Ib was deduced from the structures of its oligosaccharide fragments produced by acid hydrolysis. Under mild conditions, the glycosidic bonds between the non-sulfated and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residues were selectively cleaved and highly ordered oligosaccharide fragments with a tetrasaccharide repeating unit [→3Fuc(2S,4S)α1→3Fuc(2S)α1→3Fuc(2S)α1→3Fucα1→]n were obtained. In in vitro assays fucan-Ib showed good anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities compared with heparin and the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from the same source (fCS-Ib). The two polysaccharides, fucan-Ib and fCS-Ib, differ in the mechanism of action; the former exhibited activity mainly by potentiation of antithrombin acted on thrombin and factor Xa whereas the latter mainly through heparin cofactor II. CONCLUSION Fucan-Ib has a well defined structure with tetrasaccharide tandem repeats and good anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities. GENERAL IMPORTANCE: Fucan-Ib has a well defined structure and can be readily quality-controlled, and therefore has potential therapeutic value as an affective antithrombotic drug with low risk of bleeding.
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Domann P, Spencer DIR, Harvey DJ. Production and fragmentation of negative ions from neutral N-linked carbohydrates ionized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:469-479. [PMID: 22279023 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although negative ion fragmentation mass spectra of neutral N-linked carbohydrates (those attached to Asn in glycoproteins) provide much more structural information than spectra recorded in positive ion mode, neutral carbohydrates are reluctant to form negative ions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) unless ionized from specific matrices such as nor-harmane or adducted with anions such as chloride. This paper reports the results of experiments to optimize negative ion formation from adducts of N-linked glycans with respect to ion abundance and fragment ion production. The best results were obtained with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) as the matrix with added ammonium nitrate as the salt providing the anion. This approach is demonstrated to be applicable for a wide range of N-linked glycan structures. Phosphate adducts, analogous to those that are usually encountered in electrospray spectra from N-glycans released by protein N-glycosidase F, were produced by addition of ammonium phosphate to the matrix but in relatively low yield allowing competitive ionization of endogenous anionic compounds leading to complex spectra. Fragmentation of the nitrate adducts, which were formed in higher yield, generally paralleled that seen by collision-induced dissociation following ionization by electrospray, with the first stage of the dissociation being the elimination of the nitrate with a proton from one of the hydroxyl groups of the sugar. The spectra of the resulting [M-H](-) species displayed very specific fragment ions, mainly cross-ring and C-type glycosidic cleavage products, that revealed more structural (linkage and branching) information of the compounds than the mainly glycosidic cleavage products that dominated the positive ion spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Domann
- LGC Ltd., Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LY, UK
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23
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Kolarich D, Packer NH. Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Milk Oligosaccharides. MASS SPECTROMETRY AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730921-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mass Spectrometry (MS) has emerged as an indispensable tool for the analysis of biomolecules due to its sensitivity, versatility and ease of applicability to complex samples. Nevertheless, the analysis of free oligosaccharides and protein bound sugars in secretions such as milk poses certain challenges. In this review, the benefits and limitations of different sample preparation approaches for the mass spectrometric analysis of free oligosaccharides and glycoproteins are discussed. Appropriate sample preparation is the first crucial step for successful mass spectrometric analysis. Different MS techniques and instrument combinations already successfully applied to the analysis of milk oligosaccharides are also introduced. Available tandem and MSn applications for the differentiation of structural isomers are described and their limitations discussed. This review is intended to give an overview on the available MS methodology and technology available for analysing various kinds of oligosaccharides in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Nicolle H. Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
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Prien JM, Prater BD, Cockrill SL. A multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization: a Man-5 case study. Glycobiology 2010; 20:629-47. [PMID: 20110246 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory agencies' expectations for biotherapeutic approval are becoming more stringent with regard to product characterization, where minor species as low as 0.1% of a given profile are typically identified. The mission of this manuscript is to demonstrate a multi-method approach toward de novo glycan characterization and quantitation, including minor species at or approaching the 0.1% benchmark. Recently, unexpected isomers of the Man(5)GlcNAc(2) (M(5)) were reported (Prien JM, Ashline DJ, Lapadula AJ, Zhang H, Reinhold VN. 2009. The high mannose glycans from bovine ribonuclease B isomer characterization by ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 20:539-556). In the current study, quantitative analysis of these isomers found in commercial M(5) standard demonstrated that they are in low abundance (<1% of the total) and therefore an exemplary "litmus test" for minor species characterization. A simple workflow devised around three core well-established analytical procedures: (1) fluorescence derivatization; (2) online rapid resolution reversed-phase separation coupled with negative-mode sequential mass spectrometry (RRRP-(-)-MS(n)); and (3) permethylation derivatization with nanospray sequential mass spectrometry (NSI-MS(n)) provides comprehensive glycan structural determination. All methods have limitations; however, a multi-method workflow is an at-line stopgap/solution which mitigates each method's individual shortcoming(s) providing greater opportunity for more comprehensive characterization. This manuscript is the first to demonstrate quantitative chromatographic separation of the M(5) isomers and the use of a commercially available stable isotope variant of 2-aminobenzoic acid to detect and chromatographically resolve multiple M(5) isomers in bovine ribonuclease B. With this multi-method approach, we have the capabilities to comprehensively characterize a biotherapeutic's glycan array in a de novo manner, including structural isomers at >/=0.1% of the total chromatographic peak area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Prien
- Analytical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., 4000 Nelson Rd., Longmont, CO 80503, USA.
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Ewers H, Römer W, Smith AE, Bacia K, Dmitrieff S, Chai W, Mancini R, Kartenbeck J, Chambon V, Berland L, Oppenheim A, Schwarzmann G, Feizi T, Schwille P, Sens P, Helenius A, Johannes L. GM1 structure determines SV40-induced membrane invagination and infection. Nat Cell Biol 2009; 12:11-8; sup pp 1-12. [PMID: 20023649 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incoming simian virus 40 (SV40) particles enter tight-fitting plasma membrane invaginations after binding to the carbohydrate moiety of GM1 gangliosides in the host cell plasma membrane through pentameric VP1 capsid proteins. This is followed by activation of cellular signalling pathways, endocytic internalization and transport of the virus via the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus. Here we show that the association of SV40 (as well as isolated pentameric VP1) with GM1 is itself sufficient to induce dramatic membrane curvature that leads to the formation of deep invaginations and tubules not only in the plasma membrane of cells, but also in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Unlike native GM1 molecules with long acyl chains, GM1 molecular species with short hydrocarbon chains failed to support such invagination, and endocytosis and infection did not occur. To conceptualize the experimental data, a physical model was derived based on energetic considerations. Taken together, our analysis indicates that SV40, other polyoma viruses and some bacterial toxins (Shiga and cholera) use glycosphingolipids and a common pentameric protein scaffold to induce plasma membrane curvature, thus directly promoting their endocytic uptake into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Ewers
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Biochemistry, HPM E, Schafmattstrasse 18, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Campo VL, Kawano DF, Silva DBD, Carvalho I. Carrageenans: Biological properties, chemical modifications and structural analysis – A review. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Harvey DJ, Royle L, Radcliffe CM, Rudd PM, Dwek RA. Structural and quantitative analysis of N-linked glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and negative ion nanospray mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2008; 376:44-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen S, Xu J, Xue C, Dong P, Sheng W, Yu G, Chai W. Sequence determination of a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan-like polysaccharide from melanin-free ink of the squid Ommastrephes bartrami by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:481-92. [PMID: 18219573 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-007-9096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A non-sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the ink sac of squid Ommastrephes bartrami after removal of the melanin granules. The carbohydrate sequence of this polysaccharide was assigned by negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation of the oligosaccharide fractions produced by partial acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. The structural determination was completed by NMR for assignment of anomeric configuration and confirmation of linkage information and it was unambiguously identified as a glycosaminoglycan-like polysaccharide containing a glucuronic acid-fucose (GlcA-Fuc) disaccharide repeat in the main chain and a N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) branch at Fuc position 3: -[3GlcAbeta1-4(GalNAcalpha1-3)Fucalpha1](n)-. Partial hydrolysis of the polysaccharide to obtain several oligosaccharide fractions with different numbers of the repeating unit assisted the assignment. In the negative-ion tandem mass spectrometric analysis, the unique (0,2)A type fragmentation was important to establish the presence of a 4-linked fucose in the main polysaccharide chain and a GalNAc branch at the Fuc position-3 of the disaccharide repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Campanero-Rhodes MA, Smith A, Chai W, Sonnino S, Mauri L, Childs RA, Zhang Y, Ewers H, Helenius A, Imberty A, Feizi T. N-glycolyl GM1 ganglioside as a receptor for simian virus 40. J Virol 2007; 81:12846-58. [PMID: 17855525 PMCID: PMC2169104 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01311-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate microarrays have emerged as powerful tools in analyses of microbe-host interactions. Using a microarray with 190 sequence-defined oligosaccharides in the form of natural glycolipids and neoglycolipids representative of diverse mammalian glycans, we examined interactions of simian virus 40 (SV40) with potential carbohydrate receptors. While the results confirmed the high specificity of SV40 for the ganglioside GM1, they also revealed that N-glycolyl GM1 ganglioside [GM1(Gc)], which is characteristic of simian species and many other nonhuman mammals, is a better ligand than the N-acetyl analog [GM1(Ac)] found in mammals, including humans. After supplementing glycolipid-deficient GM95 cells with GM1(Ac) and GM1(Gc) gangliosides and the corresponding neoglycolipids with phosphatidylethanolamine lipid groups, it was found that GM1(Gc) analogs conferred better virus binding and infectivity. Moreover, we visualized the interaction of NeuGc with VP1 protein of SV40 by molecular modeling and identified a conformation for GM1(Gc) ganglioside in complex with the virus VP1 pentamer that is compatible with its presentation as a membrane receptor. Our results open the way not only to detailed studies of SV40 infection in relation to receptor expression in host cells but also to the monitoring of changes that may occur with time in receptor usage by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Campanero-Rhodes
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
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Pabst M, Bondili JS, Stadlmann J, Mach L, Altmann F. Mass + Retention Time = Structure: A Strategy for the Analysis ofN-Glycans by Carbon LC-ESI-MS and Its Application to FibrinN-Glycans. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5051-7. [PMID: 17539604 DOI: 10.1021/ac070363i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the numerous possible, often isobaric structures of protein-bound oligosaccharides calls for a high-performance two-dimensional method that combines liquid chromatography's ability to separate isomers and mass spectrometry's ability to determine glycan composition. Here we investigate the usefulness of porous graphitic carbon columns coupled to ESI-MS for the separation of N-glycans with two or more sialic acids. Internal standards helped to rectify retention time fluctuations and thus allowed elution times to play an essential role in the structural assignment of peaks. For generation of a retention time library, standards representing the possible isomers of diantennary non-, mono-, and disialylated N-glycans, differing in the linkage of galactose and sialic acids as well as isobaric hybrid-type N-glycans, were produced using recombinant glycosyltransferases. Once the retention times library was established, isomers could be identified by LC-ESI-MS in the positive mode without additional MS/MS experiments. The method was applied for the detailed structural analysis of fibrin(ogen) N-glycans from various species (human, cow, pig, mouse, rat, cat, dog, Chinese hamster, horse, sheep, and chicken). All fibrins contained diantennary N-glycans. They differed in the occurrence of beta1,3-linked galactose, alpha2,3-linked sialic acids, and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, in the mono/diantennary glycan ratio, and in the O-acetylation of neuraminic acids. The separation system's potential for analyzing tri- and tetrasialylated N-glycans was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Yu G, Zhao X, Yang B, Ren S, Guan H, Zhang Y, Lawson AM, Chai W. Sequence determination of sulfated carrageenan-derived oligosaccharides by high-sensitivity negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 78:8499-505. [PMID: 17165845 DOI: 10.1021/ac061416j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Negative-ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation is assessed for sequence determination of multiply sulfated oligosaccharide fragments of carrageenan obtained from partial depolymerization of the polysaccharides by either enzymatic digestion or mild acid hydrolysis. Carrageenan oligosaccharides with homogeneous disaccharide compositions were used to establish their fragmentation pattern, which was then applied to sequence determination of unusual oligosaccharides with either "hybrid" biose compositions or odd-numbered residues. As sulfate groups are labile, sulfate loss during collision-induced association was prevented by sodium adduction. The product ion spectra of [M - Na]- (where M represents the sodium salt of oligosaccharides) feature an extensive series of B- and C-type glycosidic cleavages, whereas the Y-type cleavage occurs mainly at the sulfated residues. The assignment of reducing or nonreducing terminal fragments was assisted by oligosaccharide reduction and the product ion spectra of the derived alditols. Due to the anionic nature of the sulfate present, high-sensitivity detection (1-5 pmol, using a hexasaccharide as an example) was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Yu
- Institute of Marine Drug and Food, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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32
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1654-1665. [PMID: 17136768 DOI: 10.1002/jms.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Seymour JL, Costello CE, Zaia J. The influence of sialylation on glycan negative ion dissociation and energetics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:844-854. [PMID: 16603372 PMCID: PMC2586975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For the analysis of native glycans using tandem mass spectrometry (MS), it is desirable to choose conditions whereby abundances of cross-ring cleavages indicative of branch positions are maximized. Recently, negative ion tandem mass spectrometry has been shown to produce significantly higher abundances of such ions in glycans compared to the positive ion mode. Much of this prior work has concerned fragmentation patterns in asialo glycans. The present work compares the abundances of critical cross-ring cleavage ions using negative mode tandem mass spectrometry for milk oligosaccharides and N-linked glycans. For comparison, product ion formation was studied for deprotonated and nitrated ions formed from asialo glycans and deprotonated ions from sialylated glycans. Breakdown profiles demonstrate clearly that more energy was required to fragment sialylated compounds to the same extent as either their asialo or nitrate adducted counterparts. The extraction of a proton from a ring hydroxyl group during the ionization process may be viewed, qualitatively, as imparting significantly more energy to the ion than would that from a molecule bearing an acidic group, so that acidic glycans are more stable in the gas phase, as the negative charge resides on the carboxyl group. These results have strong practical implications because a major portion of glycans released from mammalian proteins will be sialylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Seymour
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, 02118, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, 02118, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Resource, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany St., Rm. 509, 02118, Boston, MA, USA.
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