1
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Zhang S, Hagens LA, Heijnen NFL, Smit MR, Brinkman P, Fenn D, van der Poll T, Schultz MJ, Bergmans DCJJ, Schnabel RM, Bos LDJ. Breath metabolomics for diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care 2024; 28:96. [PMID: 38521944 PMCID: PMC10960461 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) poses challenges in early identification. Exhaled breath contains metabolites reflective of pulmonary inflammation. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of breath metabolites for ARDS in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS This two-center observational study included critically ill patients receiving invasive ventilation. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantify the exhaled metabolites. The Berlin definition of ARDS was assessed by three experts to categorize all patients into "certain ARDS", "certain no ARDS" and "uncertain ARDS" groups. The patients with "certain" labels from one hospital formed the derivation cohort used to train a classifier built based on the five most significant breath metabolites. The diagnostic accuracy of the classifier was assessed in all patients from the second hospital and combined with the lung injury prediction score (LIPS). RESULTS A total of 499 patients were included in this study. Three hundred fifty-seven patients were included in the derivation cohort (60 with certain ARDS; 17%), and 142 patients in the validation cohort (47 with certain ARDS; 33%). The metabolites 1-methylpyrrole, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, methoxyacetic acid, 2-methylfuran and 2-methyl-1-propanol were included in the classifier. The classifier had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of 0.71 (CI 0.63-0.78) in the derivation cohort and 0.63 (CI 0.52-0.74) in the validation cohort. Combining the breath test with the LIPS does not significantly enhance the diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION An exhaled breath metabolomics-based classifier has moderate diagnostic accuracy for ARDS but was not sufficiently accurate for clinical use, even after combination with a clinical prediction score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura A Hagens
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanon F L Heijnen
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marry R Smit
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic Fenn
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Schultz
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dennis C J J Bergmans
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre+, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronny M Schnabel
- Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe D J Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Room G3-228, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang W, Chen H, Zhu W, Gong Z, Yin H, Gao C, Zhu A, Wang D. A two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption GC/MS online system for monitoring volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:869. [PMID: 37347444 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Real-time online monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air is crucial for timely and effective human health protection. Here, we developed an innovative, automated two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system for real-time online monitoring of 117 regulated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This system comprised a sampling unit, water management trap, two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption unit, thermoelectric coolers (TECs), and a commercial GC/MS system. By implementing a micro-purge-and-trap (MP & T) step and a two-staged adsorption/thermal desorption unit, the presence of interfering substances was effectively minimized. The utilization of a heart-cutting GC, combined with a single MS detector, facilitated the precise separation and detection of 117 C2-C12 VOCs, while circumventing the identification and coelution challenges commonly associated with traditional GC-FID or GC-FID/MS methods. The performance of our newly developed online system was meticulously optimized and evaluated using standard gas mixtures. Under optimal conditions, we achieved impressive results, with R2 values ≥ 0.9946 for the standard linear curves of all 117 VOCs, demonstrating a precision (RSD) ranging from 0.2% to 6.4%. When applied in the field monitoring, the concentration drifts for 10 ppbv standard gas mixtures were 0.01-5.64% within 24 h. Our study developed a system for online monitoring of 117 atmospheric VOCs with relatively high accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- School of Leisure Tourism, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29442, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Sichuan Branch, Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu, 610756, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Sichuan Shengshi Technology Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Hebei Sailhero Environmental Protection High-Tech Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Anni Zhu
- School of Leisure Tourism, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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3
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Cen Z, Lu B, Ji Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Jiang J, Li X, Li X. Virus-induced breath biomarkers: A new perspective to study the metabolic responses of COVID-19 vaccinees. Talanta 2023; 260:124577. [PMID: 37116359 PMCID: PMC10122548 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can protect people from the infection; however, the action mechanism of vaccine-mediated metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we performed breath tests in COVID-19 vaccinees that revealed metabolic reprogramming induced by protective immune responses. In total, 204 breath samples were obtained from COVID-19 vaccinees and non-vaccinated controls, wherein numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. Subsequently, 12 VOCs were selected as biomarkers to construct a signature panel using alveolar gradients and machine learning-based procedure. The signature panel could distinguish vaccinees from control group with a high prediction performance (AUC, 0.9953; accuracy, 94.42%). The metabolic pathways of these biomarkers indicated that the host-pathogen interactions enhanced enzymatic activity and microbial metabolism in the liver, lung, and gut, potentially constituting the dominant action mechanism of vaccine-driven metabolic regulation. Thus, our findings of this study highlight the potential of measuring exhaled VOCs as rapid, non-invasive biomarkers of viral infections. Furthermore, breathomics appears as an alternative for safety evaluation of biological agents and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Cen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Bingqing Lu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yongyan Ji
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yongqian Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jiakui Jiang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
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4
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Deng H, Xu X, Wang K, Xu J, Loisel G, Wang Y, Pang H, Li P, Mai Z, Yan S, Li X, Gligorovski S. The Effect of Human Occupancy on Indoor Air Quality through Real-Time Measurements of Key Pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15377-15388. [PMID: 36279129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The primarily emitted compounds by human presence, e.g., skin and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath, can react with typical indoor air oxidants, ozone (O3), and hydroxyl radicals (OH), leading to secondary organic compounds. Nevertheless, our understanding about the formation processes of the compounds through reactions of indoor air oxidants with primary emitted pollutants is still incomplete. In this study we performed real-time measurements of nitrous acid (HONO), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), O3, and VOCs to investigate the contribution of human presence and human activity, e.g., mopping the floor, to secondary organic compounds. During human occupancy a significant increase was observed of 1-butene, isoprene, and d-limonene exhaled by the four adults in the room and an increase of methyl vinyl ketone/methacrolein, methylglyoxal, and 3-methylfuran, formed as secondary compounds through reactions of OH radicals with isoprene. Intriguingly, the level of some compounds (e.g., m/z 126, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, m/z 152, dihydrocarvone, and m/z 194, geranyl acetone) formed through reactions of O3 with the primary compounds was higher in the presence of four adults than during the period of mopping the floor with commercial detergent. These results indicate that human presence can additionally degrade the indoor air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100864, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Kangyi Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Jinli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100864, China
| | - Gwendal Loisel
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100864, China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100864, China
| | - Zebin Mai
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou510530, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou510530, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou510632, China
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou510640, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou510640, China
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5
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Rahimian F, Soleimani E. A Review of Extraction Methods and Analytical Techniques for Styrene and its Metabolites in Biological Matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5440. [PMID: 35778991 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the toxicokinetics of styrene to introduce reliable surrogates for biological monitoring of styrene workers. Also, extraction techniques and analytical methods for styrene and its metabolites have been discussed. Sample preparation is the main bottleneck of the analytical techniques for styrene and its metabolites. While some microextraction methods have been developed to overcome such drawbacks, some still have limitations such as long extraction time, fiber swelling and breakage, and the cost and the limited lifetime of the fiber. Among all, microextraction by packed sorbents coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (MEPS-HPLC-UV) can be the method of choice for determining styrene metabolites. Few studies investigated unchanged styrene in breath samples. Chemical determination in exhaled breath provides new insights into organ toxicity in workers with inhalation exposures and can be considered as a fascinating tool in risk assessment strategies. Taking blood samples is invasive and less accepted by workers than other samples. In contrast, breath analysis is the most attractive method for workers because breath samples are easy to collect and non-invasive, and does not require worker transfer to health facilities. Therefore, developing selective and sensitive methods for determining styrene in breath samples is recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimian
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Soleimani
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Hooper AR, Burns AS. Thermal Stability and Utility of Dienes as Protecting Groups for Acrylamides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:833-840. [PMID: 35586437 PMCID: PMC9109275 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamides are privileged electrophiles used in targeted covalent therapies, often installed at the end of a synthetic sequence due to their reactive nature. Herein, we report several diene-acrylamide adducts with a range of thermal stabilities toward retro-Diels-Alder deprotection of the acrylamide, enabling this masked functionality to be introduced early in a synthetic route and deprotected in a specific temperature range. Through kinetic studies, we identify solvent and structural trends that impact the stability of trimethylsilyl cyclopentadiene (TMS-CP) acrylamide adducts. TMS-CP protected acrylamides were installed on several amine-containing drugs, whose acrylamides were thermally unveiled (T = 160 °C, time ≤ 1 h) in moderate to high yields. We also showcase the potential utility of this protection strategy by improving the yield of a base-promoted SNAr reaction when the acrylamide is masked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R. Hooper
- Rodger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander S. Burns
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., San Diego, California 92121, United States
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7
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Cozart D, Lakwo T, Liu C, Loum D, Jacob B, Cupp EW, Unnasch TR. Identification of Human-Derived Attractants to Simulium damnosum Sensu Stricto in the Madi-Mid North Onchocerciasis Focus of Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:1563-1568. [PMID: 32748783 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human landing collections (HLCs) have been the standard method for the collection of black flies that serve as vectors for Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis or river blindness. However, HLCs are inefficient and may expose collectors to vector-borne pathogens. The Esperanza window trap (EWT) has been shown to be a potential alternative to HLCs for the collection of Simulium damnosum, the principal vector of O. volvulus in Africa. To improve the performance of the EWT, sweat from individuals highly attractive or less attractive to S. damnosum sensu stricto was examined by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Twelve compounds were identified which were solely present or present in increased amounts in the sweat of the highly attractive individuals. Two of these compounds (naphthalene and tert-hexadecyl mercaptan) were found to be attractive to S. damnosum s.s. in behavioral assays. Traps baited with these compounds outperformed those baited with the current standard bait of worn socks. Using these newly identified compounds as baits will make the EWT more efficient in collecting vector black flies and may enhance the potential utility of the EWT as a local vector control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Cozart
- Center for Global Health Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomson Lakwo
- Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Canhui Liu
- Center for Global Health Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Denis Loum
- Nwoya District Local Government, Nwoya, Uganda
| | - Benjamin Jacob
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eddie W Cupp
- Center for Global Health Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomas R Unnasch
- Center for Global Health Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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8
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Lan H, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML. Miniaturised air sampling techniques for analysis of volatile organic compounds in air. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Jang Y, Bang J, Seon YS, You DW, Oh JS, Jung KW. Carbon nanotube sponges as an enrichment material for aromatic volatile organic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1617:460840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Weggler BA, Gruber B, Teehan P, Jaramillo R, Dorman FL. Inlets and sampling. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813745-1.00005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Lan H, Holopainen J, Hartonen K, Jussila M, Ritala M, Riekkola ML. Fully Automated Online Dynamic In-Tube Extraction for Continuous Sampling of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8507-8515. [PMID: 31247721 PMCID: PMC6750644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive and time-dependent information (e.g., chemical composition, concentration) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in atmospheric, indoor, and breath air is essential to understand the fundamental science of the atmosphere, air quality, and diseases diagnostic. Here, we introduced a fully automated online dynamic in-tube extraction (ITEX)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for continuous and quantitative monitoring of VOCs in air. In this approach, modified Cycle Composer software and a PAL autosampler controlled and operated the ITEX preconditioning, internal standard (ISTD) addition, air sampling, and ITEX desorption sequentially to enable full automation. Air flow passed through the ITEX with the help of an external pump, instead of plunger up-down strokes, to allow larger sampling volumes, exhaustive extraction, and consequently lower detection limits. Further, in order to evaluate the ITEX system stability and to develop the corresponding quantitative ITEX method, two laboratory-made permeation systems (for standard VOCs and ISTD) were constructed. The stability and suitability of the developed system was validated with a consecutive 19 day atmospheric air campaign under automation. By using an electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers packed ITEX, selective extraction of some VOCs and durability of over 1500 extraction and desorption cycles were achieved. Especially, the latter step is critically important for on-site long-term application at remote regions. This ITEX method provided 2-3 magnitudes lower quantitation limits than the headspace dynamic ITEX method and other needle trap methods. Our results proved the excellence of the fully automated online dynamic ITEX-GC/MS system for tracking VOCs in the atmospheric air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhen Lan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jani Holopainen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Matti Jussila
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki , Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
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12
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Peach DAH, Gries R, Zhai H, Young N, Gries G. Multimodal floral cues guide mosquitoes to tansy inflorescences. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3908. [PMID: 30846726 PMCID: PMC6405845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Female mosquitoes exploit olfactory, CO2, visual, and thermal cues to locate vertebrate hosts. Male and female mosquitoes also consume floral nectar that provides essential energy for flight and survival. Heretofore, nectar-foraging mosquitoes were thought to be guided solely by floral odorants. Using common tansies, Tanacetum vulgare L., northern house mosquitoes, Culex pipiens L., and yellow fever mosquitoes, Aedes aegpyti (L.), we tested the hypothesis that the entire inflorescence Gestalt of olfactory, CO2 and visual cues is more attractive to mosquitoes than floral odorants alone. In laboratory experiments, we demonstrated that visual and olfactory inflorescence cues in combination attract more mosquitoes than olfactory cues alone. We established that tansies become net producers of CO2 after sunset, and that CO2 enhances the attractiveness of a floral blend comprising 20 synthetic odorants of tansy inflorescences. This blend included nine odorants found in human headspace. The "human-odorant-blend" attracted mosquitoes but was less effective than the entire 20-odorant floral blend. Our data support the hypothesis that the entire inflorescence Gestalt of olfactory, CO2 and visual cues is more attractive to mosquitoes than floral odorants alone. Overlapping cues between plants and vertebrates support the previously postulated concept that haematophagy of mosquitoes may have arisen from phytophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A H Peach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Regine Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Huimin Zhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
- Eurofins|Alphora Research Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, L5K 1B3, Canada
| | - Nathan Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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13
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Pesesse R, Stefanuto PH, Schleich F, Louis R, Focant JF. Multimodal chemometric approach for the analysis of human exhaled breath in lung cancer patients by TD-GC × GC-TOFMS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1114-1115:146-153. [PMID: 30745111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in developed countries. To reduce its mortality rate, it is important to enhance our capability to detect it at earlier stages by developing early diagnostic methods. In that context, the analysis of exhaled breath is an interesting approach because of the simplicity of the medical act and its non-invasiveness. Thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC × GC-TOFMS) has been used to characterize and compare the volatile content of human breath of lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. On the sampling side, the contaminations induced by the bags membrane and further environmental migration of VOCs during and after the sampling have also been investigated. Over a realistic period of 6 h, the concentration of contaminants inside the bag can increase from 2 to 3 folds based on simulated breath samples. On the data processing side, Fisher ratio (FR) and random forest (RF) approaches were applied and compared in regards to their ability to reduce the data dimensionality and to extract the significant information. Both approaches allow to efficiently smooth the background signal and extract significant features (27 for FR and 17 for RF). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the clustering capacity of the different models. For both approaches, a separation along PC-1 was obtained with a variance score around 35%. The combined model provides a partial separation with a PC-1 score of 52%. This proof-of-concept study further confirms the potential of breath analysis for cancer detection but also underlines the importance of quality control over the full analytical procedure, including the processing of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pesesse
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B6c, Agora District, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - P-H Stefanuto
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B6c, Agora District, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - F Schleich
- Pneumology and Allergology, GIGA Research Group, CHU of Liège, University of Liege, B35, Hospital District, Liege, Belgium
| | - R Louis
- Pneumology and Allergology, GIGA Research Group, CHU of Liège, University of Liege, B35, Hospital District, Liege, Belgium
| | - J-F Focant
- Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B6c, Agora District, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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14
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Sample preparation and recent trends in volatolomics for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Chappuis TH, Pham Ho BA, Ceillier M, Ricoul F, Alessio M, Beche JF, Corne C, Besson G, Vial J, Thiébaut D, Bourlon B. Miniaturization of breath sampling with silicon chip: application to volatile tobacco markers tracking. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046011. [PMID: 30008462 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the performances of silicon micro-preconcentrators chips for breath sampling. The silicon chips were coupled to a handheld battery powered system for breath sampling and direct injection in a laboratory gas chromatography mass spectrometry system through thermal desorption (TD). Performances of micro-preconcentrators were first compared to commercial TD for benzene trapping. Similar chromatographic peaks after gas chromatographic separation were observed while the volume of sample needed was reduced by a factor of 5. Repeatability and day to day variability of the micro-preconcentrators were then studied for a 500 ppb synthetic model mixture injected three times a day four days in a row: 8% and 12% were measured respectively. Micro-preconcentrator to micro-preconcentrator variability was not significant compared to day to day variability. In addition, micro-preconcentrators were tested for breath samples collected in Tedlar® bags. Three analyses of the same breath sample displayed relative standard deviations values below 16% for eight of the ten most intense peaks. Finally, the performances of micro-preconcentrators for breath sampling on a single expiration were illustrated with the example of volatile tobacco markers tracking. The signals of three smoking markers in breath, benzene, 2,5-dimethylfuran, and toluene were studied. Concentrations of benzene and toluene were found to be 10 to 100 higher in the breath of smokers. 2,5-dimethylfuran was only found in the breath of smokers. The elimination kinetics of the markers were followed as well during 4 h: a fast decrease of the signal of the three markers in breath was observed 20 min after smoking in good agreement with what is described in the literature. Those results demonstrate the efficiency of silicon chips for breath sampling, compared to the state of the art techniques. Thanks to miniaturization and lower sample volumes needed, micro-preconcentrators could be in the future a key technology towards portable breath sampling and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hector Chappuis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38000 Grenoble, France. UMR 8231 CBI, LSABM, ESPCI Paris-CNRS, PSL Institute, Paris, France
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16
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Preliminary investigation of human exhaled breath for tuberculosis diagnosis by multidimensional gas chromatography – Time of flight mass spectrometry and machine learning. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1074-1075:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Systematic approaches for biodiagnostics using exhaled air. J Control Release 2017; 268:282-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Bonneau A, Boulanger R, Lebrun M, Maraval I, Valette J, Guichard É, Gunata Z. Impact of fruit texture on the release and perception of aroma compounds during in vivo consumption using fresh and processed mango fruits. Food Chem 2017; 239:806-815. [PMID: 28873638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two fresh (fresh cubic pieces, fresh puree) and two dried (dried cubic pieces, dried powder) products were prepared from a homogenous mango fruit batch to obtain four samples differing in texture. The aromatic profiles were determined by SAFE extraction technique and GC-MS analysis. VOCs released during consumption were trapped by a retronasal aroma-trapping device (RATD) and analysed by GC-MS. Twenty-one terpenes and one ester were identified from the exhaled nose-space. They were amongst the major mango volatile compounds, 10 of which were already reported as being potential key flavour compounds in mango. The in vivo release of aroma compounds was affected by the matrix texture. The intact samples (fresh and dried cubic pieces) released significantly more aroma compounds than disintegrated samples (fresh puree, dried powder). The sensory descriptive analysis findings were in close agreement with the in vivo aroma release data regarding fresh products, in contrast to the dried products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Bonneau
- UMR QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France; UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, 73 Rue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Renaud Boulanger
- UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, 73 Rue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Marc Lebrun
- UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, 73 Rue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Isabelle Maraval
- UMR QualiSud, CIRAD, 73 Rue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Jérémy Valette
- UPR BioWooEB, CIRAD, 73 Rue J.F. Breton, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Élisabeth Guichard
- CSGA, CNRS, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 17 Rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ziya Gunata
- UMR QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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19
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Dias CM, Menezes HC, Cardeal ZL. Use of exhaled air as an improved biomonitoring method to assess perchloroethylene short-term exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:108-112. [PMID: 28342345 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows the use of exhaled air as a biomonitoring method to assess perchloroethylene (PERC) environmental and occupational exposure. A sensitive, fast, and solvent free analytical method was developed to determine PERC in ambient and exhaled air of individuals occupationally exposed. The developed method used cold fiber solid phase microextraction (CF-SPME) as the sampling technique, and a standard permeation method to simulation of air matrix. The analysis were conducted by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The methods were validated and were found to be precise, linear and sensitive for environmental and biological monitoring. The developed methods were applied to twenty-seven sampling points spread across Belo Horizonte city, Brazil, twenty four dry cleaners, an electroplating industry, a research laboratory, and an automotive paint preparation shop. The results of ambient air analyses ranging from 14.0 to 3205.0µgm-3 with median concentration of 599.0µgm-3. Furthermore, sampling of exhaled air of individuals occupationally exposed presented results ranging from 6.0 to 2635.0µgm-3 with median concentration of 325.0µgm-3. The strong correlation observed between ambient and exhaled air (r =0.930) demonstrates that exhaled air is a suitable biomarker for evaluating occupational exposure to PERC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia M Dias
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helvécio C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Zenilda L Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Verocai GG, McGAHA TW, Iburg JP, Katholi CR, Cupp EW, Noblet R, Unnasch TR. Identification of semiochemicals attractive to Simulium vittatum (IS-7). MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 31:140-149. [PMID: 27910106 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many blackfly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) are economically important insect pests, both as nuisance biters and as vectors of pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance. Among the important blackfly pest species in North America is Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt sensu lato. The objective of this study was to identify compounds excreted by mammalian hosts that are attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females. The attractiveness of putative compounds to colonized S. vittatum was tested through electrophysiological (electroantennography; n = 58 compounds) and behavioural (Y-tube assays; n = 7 compounds in three concentrations) bioassays. Five compounds were significantly attractive to host-seeking S. vittatum females: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-heptanone; acetophenone; 1-octanol, and naphthalene. These candidate compounds might be useful as attractants in traps that could be developed for use in alternative or complementary management tactics in programmes to suppress nuisance blackfly populations, or for the collection of samples in which to study the transmission ecology of pathogens transmitted by blackflies of the S. vittatum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Verocai
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Infectious Diseases Research Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - T W McGAHA
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Infectious Diseases Research Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
| | - J P Iburg
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - C R Katholi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - E W Cupp
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, U.S.A
| | - R Noblet
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - T R Unnasch
- Department of Global Health, Global Health Infectious Diseases Research Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, U.S.A
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21
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Lawal O, Ahmed WM, Nijsen TME, Goodacre R, Fowler SJ. Exhaled breath analysis: a review of 'breath-taking' methods for off-line analysis. Metabolomics 2017; 13:110. [PMID: 28867989 PMCID: PMC5563344 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of exhaled breath sampling and analysis has long attracted interest in the areas of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring. This interest is attributed to its non-invasive nature, access to an unlimited sample supply (i.e., breath), and the potential to facilitate a rapid at patient diagnosis. However, progress from laboratory setting to routine clinical practice has been slow. Different methodologies of breath sampling, and the consequent difficulty in comparing and combining data, are considered to be a major contributor to this. To fulfil the potential of breath analysis within clinical and pre-clinical medicine, standardisation of some approaches to breath sampling and analysis will be beneficial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to investigate the heterogeneity of breath sampling methods by performing an in depth bibliometric search to identify the current state of art in the area. In addition, the review will discuss and critique various breath sampling methods for off-line breath analysis. METHODS Literature search was carried out in databases MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, INSPEC, COMPENDEX, PQSCITECH, and SCISEARCH using the STN platform which delivers peer-reviewed articles. Keywords searched for include breath, sampling, collection, pre-concentration, volatile. Forward and reverse search was then performed on initially included articles. The breath collection methodologies of all included articles was subsequently reviewed. RESULTS Sampling methods differs between research groups, for example regarding the portion of breath being targeted. Definition of late expiratory breath varies between studies. CONCLUSIONS Breath analysis is an interdisciplinary field of study using clinical, analytical chemistry, data processing, and metabolomics expertise. A move towards standardisation in breath sampling is currently being promoted within the breath research community with a view to harmonising analysis and thereby increasing robustness and inter-laboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Lawal
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Waqar M. Ahmed
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamara M. E. Nijsen
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Royston Goodacre
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J. Fowler
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0430 9363grid.5465.2Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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22
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Anbia M, Kakoli Khataei N. Ordered nanoporous carbon as an effective adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction of toluene and chlorinated toluenes in water samples. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Gruber B, Groeger T, Harrison D, Zimmermann R. Vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy in combination with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for the monitoring of volatile organic compounds in breath gas: A feasibility study. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1464:141-6. [PMID: 27545394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectroscopy was recently introduced as a new detection system for one, as well as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) and successfully applied to the analysis of various analytes in several matrices. In this study, its suitability for the analysis of breath metabolites was investigated and the impact of a finite volume of the absorption cell and makeup gas pressure was evaluated for volatile analytes in terms of sensitivity and chromatographic resolution. A commercial available VUV absorption spectrometer was coupled to GC×GC and applied to the analysis of highly polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Breath gas samples were acquired by needle trap micro extraction (NTME) during a glucose challenge and analysed by the applied technique. Regarding qualitative and quantitative information, the VGA-100 is compatible with common GC×GC detection systems like FID and even TOFMS. Average peak widths of 300ms and LODs in the lower ng range were achieved using GC×GC-VUV. Especially small oxygenated breath metabolites show intense and characteristic absorption patterns in the VUV region. Challenge responsive VOCs could be identified and monitored during a glucose challenge. The new VUV detection technology might especially be of benefit for applications in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Gruber
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Groeger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Dale Harrison
- VUV Analytics, Inc., Austin, TX 78717, United States
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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24
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Gruber B, Keller S, Groeger T, Matuschek G, Szymczak W, Zimmermann R. Breath gas monitoring during a glucose challenge by a combined PTR-QMS/GC×GC-TOFMS approach for the verification of potential volatile biomarkers. J Breath Res 2016; 10:036003. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Weschler CJ. Roles of the human occupant in indoor chemistry. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:6-24. [PMID: 25607256 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, influences of the human occupant on indoor chemistry have been investigated in environments ranging from simulated aircraft cabins to actual classrooms. We have learned that ozone reacts rapidly with constituents of skin surface lipids on exposed skin, hair, and clothing, substantially reducing indoor ozone concentrations but increasing airborne levels of mono- and bifunctional compounds that contain carbonyl, carboxyl, or α-hydroxy ketone groups. Moreover, occupants transfer skin oils to and shed skin flakes (desquamation) onto indoor surfaces. Evidence for the presence of skin flakes/oils has been found in airborne particles, settled dust, and wipes of indoor surfaces. These occupant residues are also anticipated to scavenge ozone and produce byproducts. Under typical conditions, occupancy is anticipated to decrease the net level of oxidants in indoor air. When occupants scavenge ozone, the level of SOA derived from ozone/terpene chemistry decreases; the fraction of SVOCs in the gas-phase increases, and the fraction associated with airborne particles decreases. Occupants also remove organic compounds, including certain chemically active species, via bodily intake. Studies reviewed in this paper demonstrate the pronounced influences of humans on chemistry within the spaces they inhabit and the consequences of these influences on their subsequent chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Weschler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- International Center for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Castellanos M, Xifra G, Fernández-Real JM, Sánchez JM. Breath gas concentrations mirror exposure to sevoflurane and isopropyl alcohol in hospital environments in non-occupational conditions. J Breath Res 2016; 10:016001. [PMID: 26824193 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/1/016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anaesthetic gases and disinfectants are a primary source of air contamination in hospitals. A highly sensitive sorbent-trap methodology has been used to analyse exhaled breath samples with detection limits in the pptv range, which allows volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected at significantly lower levels (5-6 orders of magnitude below) than the recommended exposure limits by different organizations. Two common VOCs used in hospital environments, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and sevoflurane, have been evaluated. Forced-expiratory breath samples were obtained from 100 volunteers (24 hospital staff, 45 hospital visitors and 31 external controls). Significant differences for IPA were found between samples from volunteers who had not been in contact with hospital environments (mean value of 8.032 ppbv) and people staying (20.981 ppbv, p = 0.0002) or working (19.457 ppbv, p = 0.000 09) in such an environment. Sevoflurane, an anaesthetic gas routinely used as an inhaled anaesthetic, was detected in all samples from volunteers in the hospital environment but not in volunteers who had not been in recent contact with a hospital environment. The levels of sevoflurane were significantly higher (p = 0.000 24) among staff members (0.522 ppbv) than among visitors to the hospital (0.196 ppbv). We conclude that highly sensitive methods are required to detect anaesthetic gas contamination in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Castellanos
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain
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27
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Xu M, Tang Z, Duan Y, Liu Y. GC-Based Techniques for Breath Analysis: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2015; 46:291-304. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1055550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Ligor T, Pater Ł, Buszewski B. Application of an artificial neural network model for selection of potential lung cancer biomarkers. J Breath Res 2015; 9:027106. [PMID: 25944812 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/027106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath samples of lung cancer patients and healthy controls was carried out by SPME-GC/MS (solid phase microextraction- gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry) analyses. In order to compensate for the volatile exogenous contaminants, ambient air blank samples were also collected and analyzed. We recruited a total of 123 patients with biopsy-confirmed lung cancer and 361 healthy controls to find the potential lung cancer biomarkers. Automatic peak deconvolution and identification were performed using chromatographic data processing software (AMDIS with NIST database). All of the VOCs sample data operation, storage and management were performed using the SQL (structured query language) relational database. The selected eight VOCs could be possible biomarker candidates. In cross-validation on test data sensitivity was 63.5% and specificity 72.4% AUC 0.65. The low performance of the model has been mainly due to overfitting and the exogenous VOCs that exist in breath. The dedicated software implementing a multilayer neural network using a genetic algorithm for training was built. Further work is needed to confirm the performance of the created experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin St, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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29
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Abstract
Breath volatile organic compound analysis may open a non-invasive window onto (patho)physiological and metabolic processes in the body. Breath tests require controlled sampling with respect to different breath phases and on-site and point-of-care applicability. Microextraction techniques such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) or needle-trap microextraction (NTME) meet these requirements. Small sample volumes and fast and controlled sample preparation combine on-site sampling and pre-concentration in one step. Detection limits in the low ppbV range and fast and simple processing facilitate the application of distribution-based SPME for screening and targeted analysis. Exhaustive NTME has shown further advantages such as fast and automated sampling, improved stability and reproducibility with improved detection limits. Combinations of different sorbents and thermal expansion desorption have shown most promising properties when applied to water saturated breath samples. This article addresses major challenges and advantages of microextraction techniques in breath analysis. Important progress, current applications and future trends are discussed.
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30
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Kleeblatt J, Schubert JK, Zimmermann R. Detection of Gaseous Compounds by Needle Trap Sampling and Direct Thermal-Desorption Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: Concept and Demonstrative Application to Breath Gas Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1773-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5039829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Kleeblatt
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department
of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Rostock, Schillingallee
35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Center, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Young RM, Burkett-Cadena ND, McGaha TW, Rodriguez-Perez MA, Toé LD, Adeleke MA, Sanfo M, Soungalo T, Katholi CR, Noblet R, Fadamiro H, Torres-Estrada JL, Salinas-Carmona MC, Baker B, Unnasch TR, Cupp EW. Identification of human semiochemicals attractive to the major vectors of onchocerciasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e3450. [PMID: 25569240 PMCID: PMC4287528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entomological indicators are considered key metrics to document the interruption of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, the etiological agent of human onchocerciasis. Human landing collection is the standard employed for collection of the vectors for this parasite. Recent studies reported the development of traps that have the potential for replacing humans for surveillance of O. volvulus in the vector population. However, the key chemical components of human odor that are attractive to vector black flies have not been identified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Human sweat compounds were analyzed using GC-MS analysis and compounds common to three individuals identified. These common compounds, with others previously identified as attractive to other hematophagous arthropods were evaluated for their ability to stimulate and attract the major onchocerciasis vectors in Africa (Simulium damnosum sensu lato) and Latin America (Simulium ochraceum s. l.) using electroantennography and a Y tube binary choice assay. Medium chain length carboxylic acids and aldehydes were neurostimulatory for S. damnosum s.l. while S. ochraceum s.l. was stimulated by short chain aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes. Both species were attracted to ammonium bicarbonate and acetophenone. The compounds were shown to be attractive to the relevant vector species in field studies, when incorporated into a formulation that permitted a continuous release of the compound over time and used in concert with previously developed trap platforms. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The identification of compounds attractive to the major vectors of O. volvulus will permit the development of optimized traps. Such traps may replace the use of human vector collectors for monitoring the effectiveness of onchocerciasis elimination programs and could find use as a contributing component in an integrated vector control/drug program aimed at eliminating river blindness in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Young
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena
- Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tommy W. McGaha
- Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mario A. Rodriguez-Perez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Laurent D. Toé
- African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Monsuru A. Adeleke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Moussa Sanfo
- African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Traore Soungalo
- Programme National de lutte contre l'onchocercose, Direction de la lute contre la maladie, Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Charles R. Katholi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raymond Noblet
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Henry Fadamiro
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jose L. Torres-Estrada
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | | | - Bill Baker
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Unnasch
- Global Health Infectious Disease Research Program, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eddie W. Cupp
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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Hengerics Szabó A, Podolec P, Ferenczy V, Kubinec R, Blaško J, Soják L, Górová R, Addová G, Ostrovský I, Višňovský J, Bierhanzl V, Čabala R, Amann A. The analysis of linear and monomethylalkanes in exhaled breath samples by GC×GC-FID and GC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 978-979:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Effects of packing density, flow and humidity on the performance of needle trap devices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1369:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cheng J, Gao R, Li H, Wu S, Fang J, Ma K, Yang J, Yan X, Dong F. Evaluating Potential Markers of Spoilage Foods Using a Metabolic Profiling Approach. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sukul P, Trefz P, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Immediate effects of breath holding maneuvers onto composition of exhaled breath. J Breath Res 2014; 8:037102. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/037102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) methods are high-resolution volatile chemical separation techniques, and comprise classical heart-cutting MDGC and its more recent incarnation, comprehensive 2D GC. Although available for a long period, MDGC approaches are still not widely practiced in the field of bioanalysis, possibly reflecting the general preference for regular GC versus MDGC approaches. With the recent introduction of ‘-omic’ techniques that emphasize global nontargeted profiling of metabolites within living systems, it is evident that MDGC is gaining momentum as a separation tool, since it offers very high resolution. By untangling metabolites within highly complex biological matrices, and expanding the metabolic coverage, MDGC plays a frontline role in ‘-omics’ based studies. This review highlights state-of-the-art MDGC approaches, and summarizes the recent developments in bioanalytics.
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Amann A, Costello BDL, Miekisch W, Schubert J, Buszewski B, Pleil J, Ratcliffe N, Risby T. The human volatilome: volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, feces and saliva. J Breath Res 2014; 8:034001. [PMID: 24946087 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/3/034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breath analysis is a young field of research with its roots in antiquity. Antoine Lavoisier discovered carbon dioxide in exhaled breath during the period 1777-1783, Wilhelm (Vilém) Petters discovered acetone in breath in 1857 and Johannes Müller reported the first quantitative measurements of acetone in 1898. A recent review reported 1765 volatile compounds appearing in exhaled breath, skin emanations, urine, saliva, human breast milk, blood and feces. For a large number of compounds, real-time analysis of exhaled breath or skin emanations has been performed, e.g., during exertion of effort on a stationary bicycle or during sleep. Volatile compounds in exhaled breath, which record historical exposure, are called the 'exposome'. Changes in biogenic volatile organic compound concentrations can be used to mirror metabolic or (patho)physiological processes in the whole body or blood concentrations of drugs (e.g. propofol) in clinical settings-even during artificial ventilation or during surgery. Also compounds released by bacterial strains like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Streptococcus pneumonia could be very interesting. Methyl methacrylate (CAS 80-62-6), for example, was observed in the headspace of Streptococcus pneumonia in concentrations up to 1420 ppb. Fecal volatiles have been implicated in differentiating certain infectious bowel diseases such as Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, Salmonella and Cholera. They have also been used to differentiate other non-infectious conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, alterations in urine volatiles have been used to detect urinary tract infections, bladder, prostate and other cancers. Peroxidation of lipids and other biomolecules by reactive oxygen species produce volatile compounds like ethane and 1-pentane. Noninvasive detection and therapeutic monitoring of oxidative stress would be highly desirable in autoimmunological, neurological, inflammatory diseases and cancer, but also during surgery and in intensive care units. The investigation of cell cultures opens up new possibilities for elucidation of the biochemical background of volatile compounds. In future studies, combined investigations of a particular compound with regard to human matrices such as breath, urine, saliva and cell culture investigations will lead to novel scientific progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Amann
- Univ-Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr, 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Breath Research Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria
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Trefz P, Schmidt M, Oertel P, Obermeier J, Brock B, Kamysek S, Dunkl J, Zimmermann R, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Continuous Real Time Breath Gas Monitoring in the Clinical Environment by Proton-Transfer-Reaction-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10321-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402298v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Oertel
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Obermeier
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Beate Brock
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Svend Kamysek
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dunkl
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry
Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr. Lorenz Weg
1, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen K. Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anaesthesia
and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Bikov A, Paschalaki K, Logan-Sinclair R, Horváth I, Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ, Usmani OS, Paredi P. Standardised exhaled breath collection for the measurement of exhaled volatile organic compounds by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23837867 PMCID: PMC3708755 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exhaled breath volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis for airway disease monitoring is promising. However, contrary to nitric oxide the method for exhaled breath collection has not yet been standardized and the effects of expiratory flow and breath-hold have not been sufficiently studied. These manoeuvres may also reveal the origin of exhaled compounds. Methods 15 healthy volunteers (34 ± 7 years) participated in the study. Subjects inhaled through their nose and exhaled immediately at two different flows (5 L/min and 10 L/min) into methylated polyethylene bags. In addition, the effect of a 20 s breath-hold following inhalation to total lung capacity was studied. The samples were analyzed for ethanol and acetone levels immediately using proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometer (PTR-MS, Logan Research, UK). Results Ethanol levels were negatively affected by expiratory flow rate (232.70 ± 33.50 ppb vs. 202.30 ± 27.28 ppb at 5 L/min and 10 L/min, respectively, p < 0.05), but remained unchanged following the breath hold (242.50 ± 34.53 vs. 237.90 ± 35.86 ppb, without and with breath hold, respectively, p = 0.11). On the contrary, acetone levels were increased following breath hold (1.50 ± 0.18 ppm) compared to the baseline levels (1.38 ± 0.15 ppm), but were not affected by expiratory flow (1.40 ± 0.14 ppm vs. 1.49 ± 0.14 ppm, 5 L/min vs. 10 L/min, respectively, p = 0.14). The diet had no significant effects on the gasses levels which showed good inter and intra session reproducibility. Conclusions Exhalation parameters such as expiratory flow and breath-hold may affect VOC levels significantly; therefore standardisation of exhaled VOC measurements is mandatory. Our preliminary results suggest a different origin in the respiratory tract for these two gasses.
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Godayol A, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Anticó E, Sanchez JM. Development of a method for the monitoring of odor-causing compounds in atmospheres surrounding wastewater treatment plants. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Godayol
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Rosa M. Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades; Tarragona Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
| | - Juan M. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de Girona; Campus Montilivi; Girona Spain
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Elsayed I, Ludescher T, King J, Ager C, Trosin M, Senocak U, Brezany P, Feilhauer T, Amann A. ABA-Cloud: support for collaborative breath research. J Breath Res 2013; 7:026007. [PMID: 23619467 PMCID: PMC4913868 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/2/026007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces the advanced breath analysis (ABA) platform, an innovative scientific research platform for the entire breath research domain. Within the ABA project, we are investigating novel data management concepts and semantic web technologies to document breath analysis studies for the long run as well as to enable their full automatic reproducibility. We propose several concept taxonomies (a hierarchical order of terms from a glossary of terms), which can be seen as a first step toward the definition of conceptualized terms commonly used by the international community of breath researchers. They build the basis for the development of an ontology (a concept from computer science used for communication between machines and/or humans and representation and reuse of knowledge) dedicated to breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsayed
- Research Group Scientific Computing, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kapishon V, Koyanagi GK, Blagojevic V, Bohme DK. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of pyridine and isoprene: potential breath exposure and disease biomarkers. J Breath Res 2013; 7:026005. [PMID: 23579200 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/2/026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled human breath can serve as potential disease-specific and exposure biomarkers and therefore can reveal information about a subject's health and environment. Pyridine, a VOC marker for exposure to tobacco smoke, and isoprene, a liver disease biomarker, were studied using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). While both molecules could be detected in low-ppb levels, interactions of the ionized analytes with their neutral forms and ambient air led to unusual ion/molecule chemistry. The result was a highly dynamic system and a nonlinear response to changes in analyte concentration. Increased presence of ambient water was found to greatly enhance the detection limit of pyridine and only slightly decrease that of isoprene. APCI-MS is shown to be a promising analytical tool in breath analysis with good detection limits, but its application requires a better understanding of the ion/molecule chemistry that may affect VOC quantification from a chemically complex system such as human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kapishon
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry-CRMS, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Alonso M, Sanchez JM. Analytical challenges in breath analysis and its application to exposure monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Characterization of the Chemical Constituents of Agarwood Oils from Malaysia by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stadler S, Stefanuto PH, Brokl M, Forbes SL, Focant JF. Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds from Human Analogue Decomposition Using Thermal Desorption Coupled to Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 85:998-1005. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302614y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stadler
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000
Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4
| | - Pierre-Hugues Stefanuto
- CART, Organic and Biological Analytical
Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, B-6c Sart-Tilman,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michał Brokl
- CART, Organic and Biological Analytical
Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, B-6c Sart-Tilman,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Shari L. Forbes
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000
Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H 7K4
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway,
New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Jean-François Focant
- CART, Organic and Biological Analytical
Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, University of Liège, Allée de la Chimie 3, B-6c Sart-Tilman,
B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Buszewski B, Rudnicka J, Ligor T, Walczak M, Jezierski T, Amann A. Analytical and unconventional methods of cancer detection using odor. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Allergic asthma exhaled breath metabolome: a challenge for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1254:87-97. [PMID: 22835687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma represents an important public health issue, most common in the paediatric population, characterized by airway inflammation that may lead to changes in volatiles secreted via the lungs. Thus, exhaled breath has potential to be a matrix with relevant metabolomic information to characterize this disease. Progress in biochemistry, health sciences and related areas depends on instrumental advances, and a high throughput and sensitive equipment such as comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) was considered. GC×GC-ToFMS application in the analysis of the exhaled breath of 32 children with allergic asthma, from which 10 had also allergic rhinitis, and 27 control children allowed the identification of several hundreds of compounds belonging to different chemical families. Multivariate analysis, using Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis in tandem with Monte Carlo Cross Validation was performed to assess the predictive power and to help the interpretation of recovered compounds possibly linked to oxidative stress, inflammation processes or other cellular processes that may characterize asthma. The results suggest that the model is robust, considering the high classification rate, sensitivity, and specificity. A pattern of six compounds belonging to the alkanes characterized the asthmatic population: nonane, 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane, decane, 3,6-dimethyldecane, dodecane, and tetradecane. To explore future clinical applications, and considering the future role of molecular-based methodologies, a compound set was established to rapid access of information from exhaled breath, reducing the time of data processing, and thus, becoming more expedite method for the clinical purposes.
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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of volatile components in Neroli essential oil. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baumbach JI, Maddula S, Sommerwerck U, Besa V, Kurth I, Bödeker B, Teschler H, Freitag L, Darwiche K. Significant different volatile biomarker during bronchoscopic ion mobility spectrometry investigation of patients suffering lung carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-011-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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