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Bekdeşer B, Apak R. Colorimetric Sensing of Antioxidant Capacity via Auric Acid Reduction Coupled to ABTS Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11738-11746. [PMID: 38497014 PMCID: PMC10938435 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay has been developed for total antioxidant capacity measurement. The assay is based on the absorption measurement of the bluish-green oxidized product (ABTS·+) formed as a result of the oxidation reaction of the chromogenic reagent ABTS (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with gold(III). However, in the presence of antioxidants, the ABTS oxidation process is effectively suppressed due to the reduction of gold(III) ions to the zerovalent state forming gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Relatively lighter colors and a significant decrease in absorbance are observed depending on the total antioxidant capacity. Taking advantage of this situation, qualitative and quantitative total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurements, with the naked eye and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively, could be successfully performed. The assay is named "auric reducing antioxidant capacity" (AuRAC) because the gold(III) ion-reducing ability of antioxidants is measured. The AuRAC assay was applied to dietary polyphenols, vitamin C, thiol-type antioxidants, and their synthetic mixtures. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values obtained with the AuRAC assay were found to be compatible with those of the reference CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) assay. The AuRAC assay was validated through linearity, additivity, precision, and recovery, demonstrating that the assay is reliable and robust. Compared to the simple TAC assays in the literature based on AuNP formation with subsequent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance measurement, this indirect assay has a smoother linear range starting from lower antioxidant concentrations. This method displays much higher molar absorption coefficients for antioxidant compounds than other conventional single electron transfer (SET) assays because 3-e- reduction of trivalent gold (i.e., Au(III) → Au(0)) produces three chromophore cation radicals (ABTS·+) of the assay reagent. The sensor has been successfully applied to complex matrices, such as tea infusions and pharmaceutical samples. The AuRAC assay stands out with its high molar absorptivity connected to enhanced sensitivity as well as its potential to convert into a paper-based colorimetric sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul
University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
- Turkish
Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Çankaya, 06690 Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Enzymatic determination of hypoxanthine in fish samples as a freshness indicator using the CUPRAC colorimetric sensor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Salimgareeva E, Igdisanova D, Gordeeva D, Yarkova E, Matern A, Gerasimova E, Ivanova A. Portable potentiometric device for determining the antioxidant capacity. CHIMICA TECHNO ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15826/chimtech.2023.10.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the development of portable devices for the express assessment of the content of biologically active objects, such as antioxidants, is one of the relevant technological problems of modern chemistry, medicine, and engineering. The main advantages of such devices are the simplicity and rapidity of analysis, small volumes of analyte, as well as miniaturization of equipment, making it possible to carry out the on-site analysis and, thus, to take a step towards the personalized medicine. The potentiometric method using the K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] system, which in the laboratory-scale version proved to be the most accurate, reproducible, and express, was the basis for the developed prototypes of portable devices. In this study, two versions of prototypes of the portable device are proposed, namely, the open microcell with the 0.2 ml volume and the microfluidic device with flow control. The correctness of the antioxidant capacity (AOC) determination in both systems was confirmed by comparing the results of the "introduced-found" method on model solutions of antioxidants and their mixtures with the AOC results obtained in a standard laboratory electrochemical cell. The relative standard deviation did not exceed 10%. The AOC of some beverage industry was determined using the microfluidic device. The correlation coefficient of the results, obtained in the microfluidic device and the laboratory cell, was 0.90, which indicates good data convergence and the possibility of using the potentiometric method implemented in the microfluidic device to assess the AOC of multicomponent objects.
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Christodoulou MC, Orellana Palacios JC, Hesami G, Jafarzadeh S, Lorenzo JM, Domínguez R, Moreno A, Hadidi M. Spectrophotometric Methods for Measurement of Antioxidant Activity in Food and Pharmaceuticals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2213. [PMID: 36358583 PMCID: PMC9686769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the application of antioxidants in food and pharmaceuticals due to their association with beneficial health effects against numerous oxidative-related human diseases. The antioxidant potential can be measured by various assays with specific mechanisms of action, including hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer, and targeted scavenging activities. Understanding the chemistry of mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of the methods is critical for the proper selection of techniques for the valid assessment of antioxidant activity in specific samples or conditions. There are various analytical techniques available for determining the antioxidant activity of biological samples, including food and plant extracts. The different methods are categorized into three main groups, such as spectrometry, chromatography, and electrochemistry techniques. Among these assays, spectrophotometric methods are considered the most common analytical technique for the determination of the antioxidant potential due to their sensitivity, rapidness, low cost, and reproducibility. This review covers the mechanism of actions and color changes that occur in each method. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of spectrophotometric methods are described and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose C. Orellana Palacios
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Golnaz Hesami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pasdaran St., Sanandaj P.O. Box 618, Iran
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia N° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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5
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, Cañizares-Macías MDP. Exploring the potential of paper-based analytical sensors for tea geographical origin authentication. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:3997-4004. [PMID: 36193362 PMCID: PMC9525549 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze-surname of German origin) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide due to its health benefits. Its quality depends on measuring features that may discriminate teas from distinct provenances. Protected designation of origin (PDO) is therefore a very useful label for tea quality evaluation. In the present work, antioxidant activity profiles obtained from microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) were analyzed by chemometrics to determine the tea geographic origin. Based on the existing literature, we constructed a database containing chemical data from 26 samples and evaluated it by principal component analysis (PCA) coupled to linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Antioxidant activity was an effective LDA predictor for sample discrimination accomplishing accuracies from 75 to 82%. Modeling performance was favored by an external validation method. The best classification model was found using the first nine PCs as input variables. Training samples achieved a perfect success rate, while the test ones were predicted with 83% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and 90% overall accuracy. The modeling robustness was verified by integrating AUC (0.943) from ROC curve. The PCA-LDA approach taken here demonstrated that the teas coming from different countries can be correctly authenticated through µPADs, thus contributing to certificate samples PDO. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05440-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México–UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 Mexico city, Mexico
| | - María del Pilar Cañizares-Macías
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México–UNAM, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510 Mexico city, Mexico
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6
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Antioxidant properties and bioaccessibility of coffee beans and their coffee silverskin grown in different countries. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Szerlauth A, Szalma L, Muráth S, Sáringer S, Varga G, Li L, Szilágyi I. Nanoclay-based sensor composites for the facile detection of molecular antioxidants. Analyst 2022; 147:1367-1374. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02352g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A paper-based sensor containing nanoclay particles, a polyelectrolyte and a metal complex as sensing elements was developed for the facile detection of molecular antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Szerlauth
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lilla Szalma
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Muráth
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Sáringer
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD-4072, Australia
| | - István Szilágyi
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Apak R, Calokerinos A, Gorinstein S, Segundo MA, Hibbert DB, Gülçin İ, Demirci Çekiç S, Güçlü K, Özyürek M, Çelik SE, Magalhães LM, Arancibia-Avila P. Methods to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidants toward reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This project was aimed to identify the quenching chemistry of biologically important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including radicals), to show antioxidant action against reactive species through H‐atom and electron transfer reactions, and to evaluate the ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants with existing analytical methods while emphasizing the underlying chemical principles and advantages/disadvantages of these methods. In this report, we focused on the applications and impact of existing assays on potentiating future research and innovations to evolve better methods enabling a more comprehensive study of different aspects of antioxidants and to provide a vocabulary of terms related to antioxidants and scavengers for ROS/RNS. The main methods comprise the scavenging activity measurement of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), dioxide(•1–) (O2
•–: commonly known as the superoxide radical), dihydrogen dioxide (H2O2: commonly known as hydrogen peroxide), hydroxidochlorine (HOCl: commonly known as hypochlorous acid), dioxidooxidonitrate(1–) (ONOO−: commonly known as the peroxynitrite anion), and the peroxyl radical (ROO•). In spite of the diversity of methods, there is currently a great need to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidant compounds in vivo and in vitro. In addition, there are unsatisfactory methods frequently used, such as non-selective UV measurement of H2O2 scavenging, producing negative errors due to incomplete reaction of peroxide with flavonoids in the absence of transition metal ion catalysts. We also discussed the basic mechanisms of spectroscopic and electrochemical nanosensors for measuring ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants, together with leading trends and challenges and a wide range of applications. This project aids in the identification of reactive species and quantification of scavenging extents of antioxidants through various assays, makes the results comparable and more understandable, and brings a more rational basis to the evaluation of these assays and provides a critical evaluation of existing ROS/RNS scavenging assays to analytical, food chemical, and biomedical/clinical communities by emphasizing the need for developing more refined, rapid, simple, and low‐cost assays and thus opening the market for a wide range of analytical instruments, including reagent kits and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Antony Calokerinos
- Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Sciences , Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens , Greece
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Marcela Alves Segundo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - David Brynn Hibbert
- New South Wales University, School of Chemistry , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Sema Demirci Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry , Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Aydın , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry , Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering , Avcılar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Luís M. Magalhães
- Department of Chemical Sciences , LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
| | - Patricia Arancibia-Avila
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas , Laboratorio de Ecofisiología y Microalgas, Universidad del Bio-Bio , Chillán , Chile
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9
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Nwachukwu ID, Sarteshnizi RA, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. A Concise Review of Current In Vitro Chemical and Cell-Based Antioxidant Assay Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164865. [PMID: 34443459 PMCID: PMC8400447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants remain interesting molecules of choice for suppression of the toxic effects of free radicals in foods and human systems. The current practice involves the use of mainly synthetic molecules as potent antioxidant agents. However, due to the potential negative impact on human health, there is an intensive effort within the research community to develop natural alternatives with similar antioxidant efficacy but without the negative side effects of synthetic molecules. Still, the successful development of new molecules depends on the use of reliable chemical or cell culture assays to screen antioxidant properties. Chemical antioxidant assays include the determination of scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Other antioxidant tests include the ability of compounds to bind and sequester prooxidant metal cations, reduce ferric iron, and attenuate the rate of lipid oxidation. Ex vivo tests utilize cell cultures to confirm entry of the molecules into cells and the ability to quench synthetic intracellular free radicals or to stimulate the increased biosynthesis of endogenous antioxidants. In order to assist researchers in their choice of antioxidant evaluation methods, this review presents background scientific information on some of the most commonly used antioxidant assays with a comparative discussion of the relevance of published literature data to food science and human nutrition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roghayeh Amini Sarteshnizi
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.A.S.); (C.C.U.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Morosanova MA, Chaikun KV, Morosanova EI. Silica and Silica-Titania Xerogels Doped with Iron(III) for Total Antioxidant Capacity Determination. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2019. [PMID: 33920521 PMCID: PMC8073238 DOI: 10.3390/ma14082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to design a sensor material for total antioxidant capacity determination we have prepared silica and silica-titania xerogels doped with iron(III) and modified with 1,10-phenanthroline. Titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde content in the precursors (titanium(IV) tetraethoxyde and tetraethyl orthosilicate) mixtures has been varied from 0 to 12.5% vol. Iron(III) concentrations in sol has been varied from 1 to 100 mM. The increase of titanium(IV) content has led to a decrease in BET surface area and average pore diameter and an increase of micropore surface area and volume, which has resulted in better iron(III) retention in the xerogels. Iron(III), immobilized in the xerogel matrix, retains its ability to form complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and to be reduced to iron(II). Static capacities for 1,10-phenanthroline have been determined for all the iron(III) doped xerogels (0.207 mmol/g-0.239 mmol/g) and they are not dependent on the iron(III) content. Sensor materials-xerogels doped with iron(III) and modified with 1,10-phenanthroline-have been used for antioxidants (catechol, gallic and ascorbic acids, and sulphite) solid phase spectrophotometric determination. Limits of detection for catechol, gallic and ascorbic acids, and sulphite equal 7.8 × 10-6 M, 5.4 × 10-6 M, 1.2 × 10-5 M, and 3.1 × 10-4 M, respectively. The increase of titanium(IV) content in sensor material has led to an increase of the reaction rate and the sensitivity of determination. Proposed sensor materials have been applied for total antioxidant capacity (in gallic acid equivalents) determination in soft beverages, have demonstrated high stability, and can be stored up to 6 months at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Morosanova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ksenia V. Chaikun
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena I. Morosanova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
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Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073380. [PMID: 33806141 PMCID: PMC8037236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of antioxidants and their implications in various fields, from food engineering to medicine and pharmacy, is of major interest to the scientific community. The present paper is a critical presentation of the most important tests used to determine the antioxidant activity, detection mechanism, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Out of the tests based on the transfer of a hydrogen atom, the following were presented: the Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity (ORAC) test, the Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity (HORAC) test, the Total Peroxyl Radical Trapping Antioxidant Parameter (TRAP) test, and the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) test. The tests based on the transfer of one electron include the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Power (CUPRAC) test, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test, the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Mixed tests, including the transfer of both a hydrogen atom and an electron, include the 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) test, and the [2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl] (DPPH) test. All these assays are based on chemical reactions and assessing the kinetics or reaching the equilibrium state relies on spectrophotometry, presupposing the occurrence of characteristic colours or the discolouration of the solutions to be analysed, which are processes monitored by specific wavelength adsorption. These assays were successfully applied in antioxidant analysis or the determination of the antioxidant capacity of complex samples. As a complementary method in such studies, one may use methods based on electrochemical (bio)sensors, requiring stages of calibration and validation. The use of chemical methods together with electrochemical methods may result in clarification of the operating mechanisms and kinetics of the processes involving several antioxidants.
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12
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Şen FB, Bener M, Bekdeşer B, Apak R. Redox-based colorimetric sensing of H 2O 2 after removal of antioxidants with ABTS radical oxidation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119266. [PMID: 33316653 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and determining H2O2 in many industries, treatment plants and biochemical media is important because of its harmful effects even at low concentrations. This work proposes a redox-based colorimetric sensor for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of antioxidants which are known interferents causing positive errors. On the other hand, the widely used peroxidase-based methods are interfered by enzyme inhibitors. The proposed method consists of two stages, namely antioxidant removal and H2O2 determination. In the first step, antioxidants were removed simply using ABTS radical (ABTS+) oxidant produced by persulfate. After antioxidant elimination, H2O2 in samples was determined by using the CUPRAC colorimetric sensor. The CUPRAC reagent, copper (II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc), immobilized on a Nafion persulfonate membrane was used for sensor preparation. The light blue Cu(II)-Nc was reduced by H2O2 to the yellow-orange colored Cu(I)-Nc chelate on the sensor, and the absorbance increase at 450 nm was recorded. The LOD and the LOQ values obtained for H2O2 were 0.33 and 1.10 µM, respectively. The proposed assay was validated in terms of linearity, additivity, precision and recovery. The H2O2 contents of spiked food extracts, synthetic serum and certain commercial products (i.e. food sterilization solution, whitening toothpaste and hair bleaching solution) were found to be comparable to the results of peroxidase-ABTS and titanyl sulfate reference assays. In addition, peroxide-type explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) was successfully determined in the presence of amine-type antioxidants. The proposed simple and low-cost assay is not inhibited by environmental agents (heavy metals, pesticides, sulfhydryl agents, etc.) adversely affecting enzymatic methods. It is additionally insensitive to turbidity and colored components of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Burak Şen
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Jiao A, Xu L, Tian Y, Cui Q, Liu X, Chen M. Cu 2O nanocubes-grafted highly dense Au nanoparticles with modulated electronic structures for improving peroxidase catalytic performances. Talanta 2020; 225:121990. [PMID: 33592738 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on the intermediate states of metal ions in metal oxide nanomaterials (NMs) that acted as the primary active species, the design of high-performance nanozymes has greatly stimulated current research in diverse biomedical applications. Herein, Cu2O nanocubes-grafted highly dense Au nanoparticles (NPs) was developed as an appealing nanozyme for H2O2 colorimetric sensor and antioxidant detections. The obtained Au/Cu2O heterostructures show efficient electron-transfer from metallic NPs to Cu2O nanocubes owing to the difference of Fermi energy between two components. The modulated electronic structure of Au/Cu2O hybrids enables them to possess enhanced peroxidase catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3, 3', 5, 5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, which is about 32% higher than that of pristine Cu2O nanocubes. Then, an excellent H2O2 colorimetric sensor was established by using Au/Cu2O heterostructures with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.054 μM, which is much lower than the H2O2 allowance level of US FDA regulations (ca.15 μM, 0.05 wt%). The obtained Au/Cu2O nanoproducts exhibit pronounced long-time stability with 95% peroxidase activity maintained after keeping them for 30 days, while residual 64.5% via Cu2O nanocubes. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-oxidative behavior of three natural antioxidants (tannic acid, gallic acid, tartaric acid) with the LODs as low as 0.039, 0.16 and 1.55 μM, respectively, and the antioxidant capacity in the following order: tannic acid > gallic acid > tartaric acid. Therefore, it is believed that the as-prepared Au/Cu2O nanozymes have promising potential applications in fields of biomedicine and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Jiao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Qingqiang Cui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
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Apak R, Çekiç SD, Üzer A, Çapanoğlu E, Çelik SE, Bener M, Can Z, Durmazel S. Colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5266-5321. [PMID: 33170182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical techniques for antioxidant compounds is important, because antioxidants that can inactivate reactive species and radicals are health-beneficial compounds, also used in the preservation of food and protection of almost every kind of organic substance from oxidation. Energetic substances include explosives, pyrotechnics, propellants and fuels, and their determination at bulk/trace levels is important for the safety and well-being of modern societies exposed to various security threats. Most of the time, in field/on site detection of these important analytes necessitates the use of colorimetric sensors and probes enabling naked-eye detection, or low-cost and easy-to-use fluorometric sensors. The use of nanosensors brings important advantages to this field of analytical chemistry due to their various physico-chemical advantages of increased surface area, surface plasmon resonance absorption of noble metal nanoparticles, and superior enzyme-mimic catalytic properties. Thus, this critical review focuses on the design strategies for colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes in characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. In this regard, the main themes and properties in optical sensor design are defined and classified. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors/probes are discussed with respect to their mechanisms of operation, namely formation and growth of noble metal nanoparticles, their aggregation and disaggregation, displacement of active constituents by complexation or electrostatic interaction, miscellaneous mechanisms, and the choice of metallic oxide nanoparticles taking part in such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Saranchina NV, Damzina AA, Ermolaev YE, Urazov EV, Gavrilenko NA, Gavrilenko MA. Determination of antioxidant capacity of medicinal tinctures using cuprac method involving Cu(II) neocuproine immobilized into polymethacrylate matrix. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118581. [PMID: 32554138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work suggests using Cu(II) - neocuproine redox system immobilized into transparent polymethacrylate matrix for assessment of antioxidant capacity using CUPRAC method. The method we developed makes it possible to quantify the content of the antioxidants in the concentration range of 5.9 × 10-8-9.1 × 10-5 M. The sensor was tolerant to pH variations and painting, and used for the antioxidant capacity determination values of some commercial medicinal tinctures without pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Saranchina
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pr. Lenina, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - A A Damzina
- National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Y E Ermolaev
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pr. Lenina, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - E V Urazov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pr. Lenina, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - N A Gavrilenko
- National Research Tomsk State University, Pr. Lenina, 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - M A Gavrilenko
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Pr. Lenina, 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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Abbasi BA, Iqbal J, Kiran F, Ahmad R, Kanwal S, Munir A, Uddin S, Nasir JA, Chalgham W, Mahmood T. Green formulation and chemical characterizations of Rhamnella gilgitica aqueous leaves extract conjugated NiONPs and their multiple therapeutic properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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A Porous Tantalum-Based Metal–Organic Framework (Tα-MOF) as a Novel and Highly Efficient Peroxidase Mimic for Colorimetric Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Bener M, Şen FB, Apak R. Novel pararosaniline based optical sensor for the determination of sulfite in food extracts. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117643. [PMID: 31627056 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite, which is a protective agent in various food industries, also is known as an allergen. Therefore, sulfite content in food must be monitored and controlled. In this context, a novel optical sensor is designed for simple, rapid and sensitive determination of the sulfite content in food samples. Acidified pararosaniline (PRA) hydrochloride reagent in cationic form was immobilized on the surface of the Nafion cation exchanger membrane by electrostatic interactions. In formaldehyde medium, the pale purple PRA-Nafion film was converted to rich purple due to the highly conjugated alkyl amino sulfonic acid formation in the presence of sulfite and the absorbance change at 588 nm was recorded. The proposed optical sensor gave a linear response in a wide concentration range for sulfite. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values obtained for sulfite were 0.084 and 0.280 ppm SO2 equivalent, respectively. The proposed optical sensor was validated in terms of linearity, additivity, precision and recovery parameters. The sulfite contents obtained for real food extracts were found to be comparable to the conventional iodometric titration results (with the exception of highly colored samples containing reducing agents, where iodometry was shown to exhibit a systematic error while the proposed sensor could measure the true value). The proposed optical sensor is insensitive to positive interferences from turbidity and colored components of the sample. Sulfite determination in a complex food matrix can be performed using the rapid, simple and sensitive PRA-based sensor without a need for pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
The rationale and scope of the main issues of antioxidant measurement are presented, with basic definitions and terms in antioxidant research (such as reactive species and related antioxidative defenses, oxidative stress, and antioxidant activity and capacity) in a historical background. An overview of technical problems and expectations is given in terms of interpretation of results, precision and comparability of methods, capability of simulating physical reality, and analytical performance (sensitivity, selectivity, etc.). Current analytical methods for measuring antioxidant and antiradical activity are classified from various viewpoints. Reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of current analytical methods are discussed, describing physicochemical aspects of antioxidant action and measurement. Controversies and limitations of the widely used antioxidant assays are elaborated in detail. Emerging techniques in antioxidant testing (e.g., nanotechnology, sensors, electrochemistry, chemometry, and hyphenated methods) are broadly introduced. Finally, hints for the selection of suitable assays (i.e., preferable for a specific purpose) and future prospects are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul , Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) , Piyade Street 27 , Cankaya, 06690 Ankara , Turkey
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Bayarsaikhan G, Avan AN, Çekiç SD, Apak R. Use of modified CUPRAC and dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric methods for simultaneous measurement of oxidative protein damage and antioxidant defense against oxidation. Talanta 2019; 204:613-625. [PMID: 31357343 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A modified CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of protein oxidation and counteracting antioxidant defense, and the results were compared with those of a modified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) carbonyl assay. The alkaline carbonyl method was cleared off interferences by solvent extraction using a cationic surfactant. Both solution and Nafion membrane sensor CUPRAC methods were used to measure the oxidative hazard in protein solutions. Bovine serum albumin, fetal bovine serum and egg white were used as protein probes, exposed to oxidation by Fe(II)-induced Fenton reaction in the absence and presence of selected antioxidants (ascorbic acid, cysteine, gallic acid, glutathione, and N-acetyl cysteine). Protein probes were initially unreactive toward the CUPRAC and DNPH reagents, but produced colored products upon Fenton oxidation which were bleached by antioxidants, enabling an indirect measurement of antioxidant activity (AOA) by difference. Spearman's rank test for antioxidants demonstrated that there was a strong correlation (+0.7 to +0.9) between the modified CUPRAC and carbonyl assays. There was also a strong correlation between the results of the solution phase and optical sensing CUPRAC methods (R2 > 0.95). As opposed to conventional antioxidant assays not using biologically relevant probes, this work utilizes protein probes for AOA assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govigerel Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Neslihan Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Demirci Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) Piyade St. No. 27, 06690, Çankaya Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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The CUPRAC-paper microzone plates as a simple and rapid method for total antioxidant capacity determination of plant extract. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Colorimetric evaluation of the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of antioxidants using carbon-confined CoOx as a highly active peroxidase mimic. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:354. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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SIRIVIBULKOVIT K, NOUANTHAVONG S, SAMEENOI Y. Paper-based DPPH Assay for Antioxidant Activity Analysis. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:795-800. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kitima SIRIVIBULKOVIT
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University
| | - Souksanh NOUANTHAVONG
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University
- Savannakhet Teacher Training College
| | - Yupaporn SAMEENOI
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University
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Bener M, Şen FB, Apak R. Heparin-stabilized gold nanoparticles-based CUPRAC colorimetric sensor for antioxidant capacity measurement. Talanta 2018; 187:148-155. [PMID: 29853028 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as an integrated parameter showing the collective action of various antioxidants is an important challenge in food, biochemical and drug analysis. A novel heparin-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based 'cupric reducing antioxidant capacity' (CUPRAC) colorimetric sensor was designed for TAC measurement. Heparin, a sulfated polysaccharide, was both the reducing and stabilizing agent for distinct negatively-charged AuNPs synthesis. The stabilized AuNPs were added to the copper(I)-neocuproine (Cu(I)-Nc) solution formed from the reaction of Cu(II)-Nc with antioxidants, and the absorbance of the resulting Cu(I)-Nc-AuNPs (Cu(I)-Nc cationic chelate electrostatically adsorbed on gold nanoparticles) was measured at 455 nm. As opposed to other similar AuNPs-based sensors, the proposed nano-sensor exhibited excellent (1000-fold) tolerance toward inert electrolytes without aggregation. The linear range was wider than that of conventional CUPRAC, with lower LOD (0.2 µM for trolox) and higher molar absorptivity (8.36 × 104 M-1 cm-1 for quercetin). The 'trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity' (TEAC) values and activity order for a number of antioxidants were in accordance with those of the reference CUPRAC assay. Antioxidant additions to black tea extract gave recoveries of 93-97% and RSD 2-6%. This green sensor significantly reduced reagent consumption, and operated in complex food samples with a simple, reliable and robust methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Burak Şen
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Piyade St. No: 27, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Manganaris GA, Goulas V, Mellidou I, Drogoudi P. Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Fresh Produce: Exploitation of Genotype Variation and Advancements in Analytical Protocols. Front Chem 2018; 5:95. [PMID: 29468146 PMCID: PMC5807909 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Horticultural commodities (fruit and vegetables) are the major dietary source of several bioactive compounds of high nutraceutical value for humans, including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins. The aim of the current review was dual. Firstly, toward the eventual enhancement of horticultural crops with bio-functional compounds, the natural genetic variation in antioxidants found in different species and cultivars/genotypes is underlined. Notably, some landraces and/or traditional cultivars have been characterized by substantially higher phytochemical content, i.e., small tomato of Santorini island (cv. "Tomataki Santorinis") possesses appreciably high amounts of ascorbic acid (AsA). The systematic screening of key bioactive compounds in a wide range of germplasm for the identification of promising genotypes and the restoration of key gene fractions from wild species and landraces may help in reducing the loss of agro-biodiversity, creating a healthier "gene pool" as the basis of future adaptation. Toward this direction, large scale comparative studies in different cultivars/genotypes of a given species provide useful insights about the ones of higher nutritional value. Secondly, the advancements in the employment of analytical techniques to determine the antioxidant potential through a convenient, easy and fast way are outlined. Such analytical techniques include electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrochemical, and chemometric methods, flow injection analysis (FIA), optical sensors, and high resolution screening (HRS). Taking into consideration that fruits and vegetables are complex mixtures of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants, the exploitation of chemometrics to develop "omics" platforms (i.e., metabolomics, foodomics) is a promising tool for researchers to decode and/or predict antioxidant activity of fresh produce. For industry, the use of optical sensors and IR spectroscopy is recommended to estimate the antioxidant activity rapidly and at low cost, although legislation does not allow its correlation with health claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Manganaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Vlasios Goulas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlina Drogoudi
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘Demeter’, Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Naoussa, Greece
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Apak R, Demirci Çekiç S, Üzer A, Çelik SE, Bener M, Bekdeşer B, Can Z, Sağlam Ş, Önem AN, Erçağ E. Novel Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Sensors and Nanoprobes for the Characterization of Food and Biological Antioxidants. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E186. [PMID: 29324685 PMCID: PMC5796370 DOI: 10.3390/s18010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Since an unbalanced excess of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) causes various diseases, determination of antioxidants that can counter oxidative stress is important in food and biological analyses. Optical/electrochemical nanosensors have attracted attention in antioxidant activity (AOA) assessment because of their increased sensitivity and selectivity. Optical sensors offer advantages such as low cost, flexibility, remote control, speed, miniaturization and on-site/in situ analysis. Electrochemical sensors using noble metal nanoparticles on modified electrodes better catalyze bioelectrochemical reactions. We summarize the design principles of colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for food antioxidants (including electron-transfer based and ROS/RNS scavenging assays) and important milestones contributed by our laboratory. We present novel sensors and nanoprobes together with their mechanisms and analytical performances. Our colorimetric sensors for AOA measurement made use of cupric-neocuproine and ferric-phenanthroline complexes immobilized on a Nafion membrane. We recently designed an optical oxidant/antioxidant sensor using N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DMPD) as probe, from which ROS produced colored DMPD-quinone cationic radicals electrostatically retained on a Nafion membrane. The attenuation of initial color by antioxidants enabled indirect AOA estimation. The surface plasmon resonance absorption of silver nanoparticles as a result of enlargement of citrate-reduced seed particles by antioxidant addition enabled a linear response of AOA. We determined biothiols with Ellman reagent-derivatized gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Piyade Sok., No. 27, Cankaya, 06550 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sema Demirci Çekiç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Saliha Esin Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ziya Can
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şener Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Nur Önem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Aytar Cad., Fecri Ebcioglu Sok., No. 6/8, Levent, 34340 Istanbul, Turkey.
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García-Carmona L, Martín A, Sierra T, González MC, Escarpa A. Electrochemical detectors based on carbon and metallic nanostructures in capillary and microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:80-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Carmona
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Aida Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Tania Sierra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - María Cristina González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
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Apak R, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant Activity/Capacity Measurement. 1. Classification, Physicochemical Principles, Mechanisms, and Electron Transfer (ET)-Based Assays. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:997-1027. [PMID: 26728425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Because there is no widely adopted "total antioxidant parameter" as a nutritional index for labeling food and biological fluids, it is desirable to establish and standardize methods that can measure the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level directly from plant-based food extracts and biological fluids. In this review, we (i) present and classify the widely used analytical approaches (e.g., in vitro and in vivo, enzymatic and nonenzymatic, electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based, direct and indirect assays) for evaluating antioxidant capacity/activity; (ii) discuss total antioxidant capacity/activity assays in terms of chemical kinetics and thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, and analytical performance characteristics, together with advantages and drawbacks; and (iii) critically evaluate ET-based methods for analytical, food chemical, biomedical/clinical, and environmental scientific communities so that they can effectively use these assays in the correct places to meet their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çapanoğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University , Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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Krylova E, Gavrilenko N, Saranchina N, Gavrilenko M. Novel Colorimetric Sensor for Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) Measurement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Segundo MA, Tóth IV, Magalhães LM, Reis S. Automatic flow injection analysis (FIA) determination of total reducing capacity in serum and urine samples. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:277-84. [PMID: 25323514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Automation of total antioxidant capacity assessment can substantially increase the determination throughput, allowing large scale studies and screening experiments. Total reducing capacity evaluation can be implemented under different chemistries, including the CUPRAC-Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity -assay. This assay is based on reduction of Cu(II)-neocuproine complex to highly colored Cu(I)-neocuproine complex by reducing (antioxidant) components of biological samples. In this chapter, we propose an automatic flow injection method for evaluation of total reducing capacity in serum and urine samples, attaining end-point data within 4 min using a kinetic matching strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Segundo
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal,
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Isik M, Korkmaz M, Bursal E, Gulcin I, Koksal E, Tohma H. Determination of Antioxidant Properties of Gypsophila bitlisensis Bark. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.366.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A colourimetric sensor for the simultaneous determination of oxidative status and antioxidant activity on the same membrane: N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine (DMPD) on Nafion. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 865:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bekdeşer B, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Alkan FÜ, Apak R. Development of a new catalase activity assay for biological samples using optical CUPRAC sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 132:485-490. [PMID: 24887508 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalase activity assay was developed for biological samples (liver and kidney tissue homogenates) using a rapid and low-cost optical sensor-based 'cupric reducing antioxidant capacity' (CUPRAC) method. The reagent, copper(II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc) complex, was immobilized onto a cation-exchanger film of Nafion, and the absorbance changes associated with the formation of the highly-colored Cu(I)-Nc chelate as a result of reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was measured at 450 nm. When catalase was absent, H2O2 produced the CUPRAC chromophore, whereas catalase, being an effective H2O2 scavenger, completely annihilated the CUPRAC signal due to H2O2. Thus, the CUPRAC absorbance due to H2O2 oxidation concomitant with Cu(I)-Nc formation decreased proportionally with catalase. The developed sensor gave a linear response over a wide concentration range of H2O2 (0.68-78.6 μM). This optical sensor-based method applicable to tissue homogenates proved to be efficient for low hydrogen peroxide concentrations (physiological and nontoxic levels) to which the widely used UV method is not accurately responsive. Thus, conventional problems of the UV method arising from relatively low sensitivity and selectivity, and absorbance disturbance due to gaseous oxygen evolution were overcome. The catalase findings of the proposed method for tissue homogenates were statistically alike with those of HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bekdeşer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Üstün Alkan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Soumya R, Vani R. CUPRAC–BCS and antioxidant activity assays as reliable markers of antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes. Hematology 2014; 20:165-74. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Soumya
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajashekharaiah Vani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bangalore, India
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Özyürek M, Bener M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Antioxidant/antiradical properties of microwave-assisted extracts of three wild edible mushrooms. Food Chem 2014; 157:323-31. [PMID: 24679787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process for polyphenols from three wild edible mushrooms was studied. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be methanol concentration of 80%, extraction temperature of 80 °C, and extraction time of 5 min. Different antioxidant assays (i.e., total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic content (TPC)) were utilized to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extracts of Terfezia boudieri Chatin, Boletus edulis, and Lactarius volemus. The reactive species scavenging activities of these extracts were also investigated in vitro. High contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds may be the major contributors to the observed high antioxidant activities of these extracts. B. edulis showed the higher TAC and TPC; highest inhibitory effect on DPPH and on other studied reactive oxygen species (ROS). MAE showed obvious advantages of high extraction efficiency with lower solvent consumption in terms of high antioxidant capacity/activity of extracts achieved within the shortest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ozyürek M, Akpınar D, Bener M, Türkkan B, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel oxime based flavanone, naringin-oxime: synthesis, characterization and screening for antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:40-6. [PMID: 24508591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest in polyphenolic antioxidants due to their involvement in health benefits has led to the investigation of new polyphenolic compounds with enhanced antioxidant activity. Naringin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-β-l-rhamnoglucoside-(1,2)-α-d-glucopyranoside) is one of the major flavanones in citrus and grapefruit. The present study aimed to synthesize naringin oxime from naringin and to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential using in vitro assay system. The structure of the synthesized compound, naringin oxime, was elucidated by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. Antioxidant capacity of naringin oxime, as measured by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method, was found to be higher than that of the parent compound naringin. Other parameters of antioxidant activity (scavenging effects on OH, O2(-), and H2O2) of naringin and naringin oxime were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Damla Akpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baki Türkkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Osmanbey, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gao H, Shen W, Lu C, Liang H, Yuan Q. Surface plasmon resonance additivity of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric identification of cysteine and homocysteine in biological fluids. Talanta 2013; 115:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bener M, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel optical fiber reflectometric CUPRAC sensor for total antioxidant capacity measurement of food extracts and biological samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8381-8388. [PMID: 23926895 DOI: 10.1021/jf402327x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel fiber optic sensor was developed for screening the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) based on the use of cupric-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc) immobilized onto a Nafion cation-exchange membrane with reflectance spectrometric measurement. The reflectance change associated with the formation of the highly colored Cu(I)-Nc chelate on the membrane as a result of reaction with antioxidants was measured at 530 nm by using a miniature reflectance spectrometer. The calibration graph of trolox (TR) was linear with a slope of 3.40 × 10(3) L mol(-1) mm(-1). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for TR in the reflectometric cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method were found as 0.53 and 1.76 μM, respectively. The trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) of various antioxidant compounds using the proposed method were comparable to those of the main CUPRAC assay. This assay was validated through linearity, additivity, precision, and recovery. The developed reflectance sensor was used to screen the TAC of some commercial fruit juices and mice tissue homogenates without preliminary treatment. The method is rapid, inexpensive, versatile, and nonlaborious, uses stable reagents on the sensor, and enables the in situ estimation of antioxidant capacity of food extracts and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bener M, Shen Y, Apak R, Finley JW, Xu Z. Release and degradation of anthocyanins and phenolics from blueberry pomace during thermal acid hydrolysis and dry heating. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6643-6649. [PMID: 23768160 DOI: 10.1021/jf401983c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, blueberry pomace was soaked in pH 1, 4, or 7 solution for 10 min followed by boiling hydrolysis. Nine anthocyanins and 11 other phenolic compounds were released after acid hydrolysis. The highest anthocyanin release (4.70 mg/g) was achieved by boiling at pH 1 for 15 min followed by 3.94 mg/g at pH 4 and 3.46 mg/g at pH 7. Phenolics were released more quickly than anthocyanins during boiling. The change of antioxidant activity of the pomace during boiling was correlated with the total phenolic content but not anthocyanin content. The degradation rate of anthocyanins during boiling eventually surpassed the release rate from the pomace. Protocatechuic acid and catechin continuously increased during heating. Dry heat resulted in continuous degradation of anthocyanins and other phenolics in the pomace. The reduction in antioxidant activity of the pomace during dry heating was correlated with both the phenolic and anthocyanin contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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Apak R, Gorinstein S, Böhm V, Schaich KM, Özyürek M, Güçlü K. Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-12-07-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical diversity of natural antioxidants (AOXs) makes it difficult to
separate, detect, and quantify individual antioxidants from a complex
food/biological matrix. Moreover, the total antioxidant power is often more
meaningful to evaluate health beneficial effects because of the cooperative
action of individual antioxidant species. Currently, there is no single
antioxidant assay for food labeling because of the lack of standard
quantification methods. Antioxidant assays may be broadly classified as the
electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assays. The
results obtained are hardly comparable because of the different mechanisms,
redox potentials, pH and solvent dependencies, etc. of various assays. This
project will aid the identification and quantification of properties and mutual
effects of antioxidants, bring a more rational basis to the classification of
antioxidant assays with their constraints and challenges, and make the results
more comparable and understandable. In this regard, the task group members
convey their own experiences in various methods of antioxidants measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- 2The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Volker Böhm
- 3Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karen M. Schaich
- 4Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
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Ma W, Han D, Zhang N, Li F, Wu T, Dong X, Niu L. Bionic radical generation and antioxidant capacity sensing with photocatalytic graphene oxide–titanium dioxide composites under visible light. Analyst 2013; 138:2335-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bekdeşer B, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel spectroscopic sensor for the hydroxyl radical scavenging activity measurement of biological samples. Talanta 2012; 99:689-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vilela D, González MC, Escarpa A. Gold-nanosphere formation using food sample endogenous polyphenols for in-vitro assessment of antioxidant capacity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:341-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Türkkan B, Ozyürek M, Bener M, Güçlü K, Apak R. Synthesis, characterization and antioxidant capacity of naringenin-oxime. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 85:235-240. [PMID: 22024453 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of the benefits of polyphenolic antioxidants is eliciting increasing interest in the search for new polyphenolic derivatives with improved antioxidant activity. Since naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) (NG) is one of the most abundant citrus and grapefruit polyphenolics and flavanone oximes were used in the synthesis of anticancer and radioprotector compounds having antiradical activity, the corresponding oxime of NG, naringenin oxime (NG-Ox), was synthesized and investigated. The structure of NG-Ox was characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, and the synthesized compound was screened for its antioxidant capacity by using the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of NG-Ox was measured to be higher than that of the parent compound, NG. Other parameters of antioxidant activity (scavenging effects on *OH, O(2)*-, and H(2)O(2)) of NG-Ox were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baki Türkkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Osmanbey 63300, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
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Ribeiro JPN, Magalhães LM, Reis S, Lima JLFC, Segundo MA. High-throughput total cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity of biological samples determined using flow injection analysis and microplate-based methods. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:483. [PMID: 21558653 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were developed for assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in urine and serum, based on reduction of Cu(II)-neocuproine complex to highly colored Cu(I)-neocuproine complex, measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. The reaction time was significantly reduced from 30 to 4 min by application of a calibration compound (uric acid) with kinetic behavior similar to that shown by urine samples. The method was implemented in a microformat (96 well plates) and also in an automatic fashion (flow injection analysis, FIA). A determination throughput value of 288 h(-1) (microplate method) or of 15 h(-1) (automatic FIA) was attained. Application of both methods to human serum (SRM 909b, level I) and urines (n = 9) provided TAC values in agreement with those of the end-point batch method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P N Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Xia C, Ning W. A novel bio-electrochemical ascorbic acid sensor modified with Cu4(OH)6SO4nanorods. Analyst 2011; 136:288-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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