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Lin IH, Kamnaksh A, Aniceto R, McCullough J, Bekdash R, Eklund M, Ghatan PH, Risling M, Svensson M, Bellander BM, Nelson DW, Thelin EP, Agoston DV. Time-Dependent Changes in the Biofluid Levels of Neural Injury Markers in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients-Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cerebral Microdialysates: A Longitudinal Prospective Pilot Study. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:107-117. [PMID: 36895820 PMCID: PMC9989523 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring protein biomarker levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can help assess injury severity and outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Determining injury-induced changes in the proteome of brain extracellular fluid (bECF) can more closely reflect changes in the brain parenchyma, but bECF is not routinely available. The aim of this pilot study was to compare time-dependent changes of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), total Tau, and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) levels in matching CSF and bECF samples collected at 1, 3, and 5 days post-injury from severe TBI patients (n = 7; GCS 3-8) using microcapillary-based western analysis. We found that time-dependent changes in CSF and bECF levels were most pronounced for S100B and NSE, but there was substantial patient-to-patient variability. Importantly, the temporal pattern of biomarker changes in CSF and bECF samples showed similar trends. We also detected two different immunoreactive forms of S100B in both CSF and bECF samples, but the contribution of the different immunoreactive forms to total immunoreactivity varied from patient to patient and time point to time point. Our study is limited, but it illustrates the value of both quantitative and qualitative analysis of protein biomarkers and the importance of serial sampling for biofluid analysis after severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alaa Kamnaksh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roxanne Aniceto
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse McCullough
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramsey Bekdash
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Eklund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Per Hamid Ghatan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Risling
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo-Michael Bellander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David W Nelson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Bjorkli C, Louet C, Flo TH, Hemler M, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. In Vivo Microdialysis in Mice Captures Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers Consistent with Developing Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1781-1794. [PMID: 34719495 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can provide valuable insights into the onset and progression of the disease, such as changes in concentrations of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, such models are currently underutilized due to limited advancement in techniques that allow for longitudinal CSF monitoring. OBJECTIVE An elegant way to understand the biochemical environment in the diseased brain is intracerebral microdialysis, a method that has until now been limited to short-term observations, or snapshots, of the brain microenvironment. Here we draw upon patient-based findings to characterize CSF biomarkers in a commonly used preclinical mouse model for AD. METHODS Our modified push-pull microdialysis method was first validated ex vivo with human CSF samples, and then in vivo in an AD mouse model, permitting assessment of dynamic changes of CSF Aβ and tau and allowing for better translational understanding of CSF biomarkers. RESULTS We demonstrate that CSF biomarker changes in preclinical models capture what is observed in the brain; with a decrease in CSF Aβ observed when plaques are deposited, and an increase in CSF tau once tau pathology is present in the brain parenchyma. We found that a high molecular weight cut-off membrane allowed for simultaneous sampling of Aβ and tau, comparable to CSF collection by lumbar puncture in patients. CONCLUSION Our approach can further advance AD and other neurodegenerative research by following evolving neuropathology along the disease cascade via consecutive sampling from the same animal and can additionally be used to administer pharmaceutical compounds and assess their efficacy (Bjorkli, unpublished data).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Bjorkli
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Louet
- Center for Molecular Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Center for Molecular Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mary Hemler
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neuro, Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Tobieson L, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Marklund N. Extracellular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers of axonal and neuronal injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16950. [PMID: 34417515 PMCID: PMC8379247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating form of stroke. To refine treatments, improved understanding of the secondary injury processes is needed. We compared energy metabolic, amyloid and neuroaxonal injury biomarkers in extracellular fluid (ECF) from the perihemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and non-injured (NCX) brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. Patients (n = 11; age 61 ± 10 years) undergoing ICH surgery received two microdialysis (MD) catheters, one in PHZ, and one in NCX. ECF was analysed at three time intervals within the first 60 h post- surgery, as were CSF and plasma samples. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) 40 and 42, microtubule associated protein tau (tau), and neurofilament-light (NF-L) were analysed using Single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Median biomarker concentrations were lowest in plasma, higher in ECF and highest in CSF. Biomarker levels varied over time, with different dynamics in the three fluid compartments. In the PHZ, ECF levels of Aβ40 were lower, and tau higher when compared to the NCX. Altered levels of Aβ peptides, NF-L and tau may reflect brain tissue injury following ICH surgery. However, the dynamics of biomarker levels in the different fluid compartments should be considered in the study of pathophysiology or biomarkers in ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Tobieson
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Högstedt A, Ghafouri B, Tesselaar E, Farnebo S. Sampling insulin in different tissue compartments using microdialysis: methodological aspects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21948. [PMID: 33319790 PMCID: PMC7738523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sampling the concentration of insulin in human skin using microdialysis is challenging because of low intracutaneous concentrations and low recovery, presumably due to adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis system. In this study, we aimed to (1) measure how the concentration of insulin varies in three different tissue compartments (intracutaneous, subcutaneous and intravenous) and (2) to study how much insulin is adsorbed to the microdialysis catheter membranes and tubing during a typical microdialysis experiment, both in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that (1) the concentration of insulin decreases from the intravenous compartment to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, and that (2) adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane and tubing impairs the recovery of insulin from the tissue. In this experimental study, microdialysis catheters were inserted intracutaneously, subcutaneously and intravenously in 11 healthy subjects. Systemic endogenous hyperinsulinemia was induced by intake of an oral glucose load. Insulin concentration was measured in the dialysate and in the extracted samples from the catheter membrane and tubings. In vitro microdialysis was performed to investigate the temporal resolution of the adsorption. After an oral glucose load insulin concentration increased intravenously, but not in the intracutaneous or subcutaneous compartments, while glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations increased in all compartments. The adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane in vivo was highest in the intravenous compartment (p = 0.01), compared to the intracutaneous and subcutaneous compartments. In vitro, the adsorption to the microdialysis membrane was highest one hour after sampling, then the concentration gradually decreased after three and five hours of sampling. The concentration of insulin in peripheral tissues is low, probably due to decreasing tissue vascularity. Adsorption of insulin to the microdialysis membrane is modest but time-dependent. This finding highlights the importance of a stabilization time for the microdialysis system before sampling tissue analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Högstedt
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erik Tesselaar
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Farnebo
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang R, Shi L, Liu Z, Liu Z. Study on the therapeutic material basis and effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms leaves in the treatment of ischemic stroke by PK-PD analysis based on online microdialysis-LC-MS/MS method. Food Funct 2020; 11:2005-2016. [PMID: 32077871 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms (ASL) have revealed significant biological activity in the treatment of ischemic stroke diseases. However, there was no in-depth study of the therapeutic material basis and effect of ASL from the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) analysis level. In this study, a method based on microdialysis coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadruple mass spectrometry (MD-UPLC-QQQ-MS) was established to simultaneously and continuously collect and quantify the active compounds and endogenous neuroactive substances related to therapeutic effect in plasma and hippocampus of fully awake ischemic stroke rats. The acquired data were analyzed by the PK-PD analysis method. It was found that hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, and caffeic acid could pass through the blood-brain barrier, and quercetin needed a longer intake time than quercitrin and hyperoside, but the passage rate was higher. The exposure of the four compounds in the hippocampus affected the contents of seven neuroactive substances in different ways and was depicted graphically (concentration-time effect). In addition, the study found that the brain index and brain water content of ischemic stroke rats were significantly reduced after the oral administration of ASL. ASL observably regulated the content or activity of six important biochemical indexes in rats. On the one hand, this study verified that ASL could regulate ischemic stroke in many aspects. On the other hand, a visualized method to express the relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the hippocampus of cerebral ischemic areas was established. This research gives a hand to the study on the therapeutic material basis and effect of traditional Chinese medicine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. and National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China and Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Rongjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Liqiang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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6
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Zhan X, Wu H, Wu H. Joint Synovial Fluid Metabolomics Method to Decipher the Metabolic Mechanisms of Adjuvant Arthritis and Geniposide Intervention. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:3769-3778. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhan
- The College of Pharmacy of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Huan Wu
- The College of Pharmacy of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The College of Pharmacy of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei 230012, China
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7
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Tobieson L, Czifra Z, Wåhlén K, Marklund N, Ghafouri B. Proteomic investigation of protein adsorption to cerebral microdialysis membranes in surgically treated intracerebral hemorrhage patients - a pilot study. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:7. [PMID: 32728348 PMCID: PMC7382826 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is a minimally invasive technique for sampling the interstitial fluid in human brain tissue. CMD allows monitoring the metabolic state of tissue, as well as sampling macromolecules such as proteins and peptides. Recovery of proteins or peptides can be hampered by their adsorption to the CMD membrane as has been previously shown in-vitro, however, protein adsorption to CMD membranes has not been characterized following implantation in human brain tissue. Methods In this paper, we describe the pattern of proteins adsorbed to CMD membranes compared to that of the microdialysate and of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We retrieved CMD membranes from three surgically treated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, and analyzed protein adsorption to the membranes using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with nano-liquid mass spectrometry. We compared the proteome profile of three compartments; the CMD membrane, the microdialysate and ventricular CSF collected at time of CMD removal. Results We found unique protein patterns in the molecular weight range of 10–35 kDa for each of the three compartments. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of analyzing the membranes in addition to the microdialysate when using CMD to sample proteins for biomarker investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Tobieson
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zita Czifra
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Wåhlén
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neurosurgery in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Neurosurgery, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Onat B, Rosales-Solano H, Pawliszyn J. Development of a Biocompatible Solid Phase Microextraction Thin Film Coating for the Sampling and Enrichment of Peptides. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9379-9388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Onat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Bergquist J. Leveraging the power of mass spectrometry to unravel complex brain pathologies. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (DEL MAR, CALIF.) 2019; 14 Pt B:63-65. [PMID: 34977358 PMCID: PMC8686759 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Giorgi-Coll S, Thelin EP, Lindblad C, Tajsic T, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJA, Helmy A. Dextran 500 Improves Recovery of Inflammatory Markers: An In Vitro Microdialysis Study. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:106-114. [PMID: 31298609 PMCID: PMC6921287 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is used in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to recover metabolites in brain extracellular fluid (ECF). To recover larger proteins and avoid fluid loss, albumin supplemented perfusion fluid (PF) has been utilized, but because of regulatory changes in the European Union, this is no longer practicable. The aim with this study was to see whether fluid, absolute (AR), and relative (RR) recovery for the novel carrier, Dextran 500, was better than conventional PF for a range of cytokines and chemokines. An in vitro setup mimicking conditions observed in the neurocritical care of TBI patients was used, utilizing 100-kDa molecular-weight cut-off CMD catheters inserted through a triple-lumen bolt cranial access device into an external solution with diluted cytokine standards in known concentrations for 48 h (divided into 6-h epochs). Samples were run on a 39-plex Luminex (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX) assay to assess cytokine concentrations. We found that fluid recovery was inadequate in 50% of epochs with conventional PF, whereas Dextran PF overcame this limitation. The AR was higher in the Dextran PF samples for a majority of cytokines, and RR was significantly increased for macrophage colony-stimulating factor and transforming growth factor-alpha. In summary, Dextran PF improved fluid and cytokine recovery as compared to conventional PF and is a suitable alternative to albumin supplemented PF for protein microdialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Giorgi-Coll
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Peter Thelin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Neuro, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamara Tajsic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J A Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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11
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Dyhrfort P, Shen Q, Clausen F, Thulin M, Enblad P, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Lewén A, Hillered L. Monitoring of Protein Biomarkers of Inflammation in Human Traumatic Brain Injury Using Microdialysis and Proximity Extension Assay Technology in Neurointensive Care. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2872-2885. [PMID: 31017044 PMCID: PMC6761596 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is followed by secondary injury mechanisms strongly involving neuroinflammation. To monitor the complex inflammatory cascade in human TBI, we used cerebral microdialysis (MD) and multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA) technology and simultaneously measured levels of 92 protein biomarkers of inflammation in MD samples every three hours for five days in 10 patients with severe TBI under neurointensive care. One μL MD samples were incubated with paired oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies binding to each protein, allowing quantification by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sixty-nine proteins were suitable for statistical analysis. We found five different patterns with either early (<48 h; e.g., CCL20, IL6, LIF, CCL3), mid (48–96 h; e.g., CCL19, CXCL5, CXCL10, MMP1), late (>96 h; e.g., CD40, MCP2, MCP3), biphasic peaks (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL5, IL8) or stable (e.g., CCL4, DNER, VEGFA)/low trends. High protein levels were observed for e.g., CXCL1, CXCL10, MCP1, MCP2, IL8, while e.g., CCL28 and MCP4 were detected at low levels. Several proteins (CCL8, -19, -20, -23, CXCL1, -5, -6, -9, -11, CST5, DNER, Flt3L, and SIRT2) have not been studied previously in human TBI. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that LIF and CXCL5 may play a central role in the inflammatory cascade. This study provides a unique data set with individual temporal trends for potential inflammatory biomarkers in patients with TBI. We conclude that the combination of MD and PEA is a powerful tool to map the complex inflammatory cascade in the injured human brain. The technique offers new possibilities of protein profiling of complex secondary injury pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dyhrfort
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qiujin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Måns Thulin
- Department of Statistics Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Per Enblad
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Lewén
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hillered
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Dynamic protein changes in the perihaemorrhagic zone of Surgically Treated Intracerebral Haemorrhage Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3181. [PMID: 30816204 PMCID: PMC6395593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The secondary injury cascades exacerbating the initial brain injury following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are incompletely understood. We used dual microdialysis (MD) catheters placed in the perihaemorrhagic zone (PHZ) and in seemingly normal cortex (SNX) at time of surgical ICH evacuation in ten patients (range 26–70 years). Routine interstitial MD markers (including glucose and the lactate/pyruvate ratio) were analysed and remaining microdialysate was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Two time intervals were analysed; median 2–10 hours post-surgery (time A) and median 68–76 hours post-ICH onset (time B). Using 2-DE, we quantified 232 ± 31 different protein spots. Two proteins differed between the MD catheters at time A, and 12 proteins at time B (p < 0.05). Thirteen proteins were significantly altered between time A and time B in the SNX and seven proteins in the PHZ, respectively. Using nLC-MS/MS ca 800 proteins were identified out of which 76 were present in all samples. At time A one protein was upregulated and two downregulated, and at time B, seven proteins were upregulated, and four downregulated in the PHZ compared to the SNX. Microdialysis-based proteomics is feasible for study of secondary injury mechanisms and discovery of biomarkers after ICH.
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13
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Tabani H, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Recent developments in green membrane-based extraction techniques for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:244-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Clausen F, Marklund N, Hillered L. Acute Inflammatory Biomarker Responses to Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat Monitored by a Novel Microdialysis Technique. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:201-211. [PMID: 29790398 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progressive brain injury process induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI), and may play an important role in the pathophysiology of axonal injury. The immediate neuroinflammatory cascade cannot be characterized in the human setting. Therefore, we used the midline fluid percussion injury model of diffuse TBI in rats and a novel microdialysis (MD) method providing stable diffusion-driven biomarker sampling. Immediately post-injury, bilateral amphiphilic tri-block polymer coated MD probes (100 kDa cut off membrane) were inserted and perfused with Dextran 500 kDa-supplemented artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to optimize protein capture. Six hourly samples were analyzed for 27 inflammatory biomarkers (9 chemokines, 13 cytokines, and 5 growth factors) using a commercial multiplex biomarker kit. TBI (n = 6) resulted in a significant increase compared with sham-injured controls (n = 6) for five chemokines (eotaxin/CCL11, fractalkine/CX3CL1, LIX/CXCL5, monocyte chemoattractant protein [MCP]1α/CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]1α /CCL3), 10 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17α, IL-18, interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and four growth factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF], granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Therefore, diffuse TBI was associated with an increased level of 18 of the 27 inflammatory biomarkers at one through six time points, during the observation period whereas the remaining 9 biomarkers were unaltered. The study shows that diffuse TBI induces an acute increase in a number of inflammatory biomarkers. The novel MD technique provides stable MD sampling suitable for further studies on the early neuroinflammatory cascade in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Clausen
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hillered
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review the present state-of-the-art of microdialysis for monitoring patients with severe traumatic brain injury, highlighting the newest developments. Microdialysis has evolved in neurocritical care to become an established bedside monitoring modality that can reveal unique information on brain chemistry. RECENT FINDINGS A major advance is recent consensus guidelines for microdialysis use and interpretation. Other advances include insight obtained from microdialysis into the complex, interlinked traumatic brain injury disorders of electrophysiological changes, white matter injury, inflammation and metabolism. SUMMARY Microdialysis has matured into being a standard clinical monitoring modality that takes its place alongside intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen tension measurement in specialist neurocritical care centres, as well as being a research tool able to shed light on brain metabolism, inflammation, therapeutic approaches, blood-brain barrier transit and drug effects on downstream targets. Recent consensus on microdialysis monitoring is paving the way for improved neurocritical care protocols. Furthermore, there is scope for future improvements both in terms of the catheters and microdialysate analyser technology, which may further enhance its applicability.
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16
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Challenges for the in vivo quantification of brain neuropeptides using microdialysis sampling and LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1965-85. [PMID: 27554986 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neuropeptides and their receptors have received an increased interest in neuropharmacological research. Although these molecules are considered relatively small compared with proteins, their in vivo quantification using microdialysis is more challenging than for small molecules. Low microdialysis recoveries, aspecific adsorption and the presence of various multiply charged precursor ions during ESI-MS/MS detection hampers the in vivo quantification of these low abundant biomolecules. Every step in the workflow, from sampling until analysis, has to be optimized to enable the sensitive analysis of these compounds in microdialysates.
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17
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Abstract
Microdialysis enables the chemistry of the extracellular interstitial space to be monitored. Use of this technique in patients with acute brain injury has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of several acute neurological disorders. In 2004, a consensus document on the clinical application of cerebral microdialysis was published. Since then, there have been significant advances in the clinical use of microdialysis in neurocritical care. The objective of this review is to report on the International Microdialysis Forum held in Cambridge, UK, in April 2014 and to produce a revised and updated consensus statement about its clinical use including technique, data interpretation, relationship with outcome, role in guiding therapy in neurocritical care and research applications.
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18
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Undin T, Dahlin A, Hörnaeus K, Bergquist J, Lind SB. Mechanistic investigation of the on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED) protein adsorption detection method using targeted mass spectrometry. Analyst 2016; 141:1714-20. [PMID: 26864151 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes our efforts to study some of the mechanistic aspects of the earlier established on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED) method. In a multitude of application areas, it has become important to be able to fully characterize and understand selective protein adsorption to biomaterial surfaces for various applications, including biomedicine (implants), nanotechnology (microchip surfaces and sensors) and materials sciences. Herein, the investigation of the mechanistic aspects was based on microdialysis catheter tubes that were flushed with controlled protein solutions mimicking the extracellular fluid of the brain. The protein adsorption properties were monitored using high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a targeted method. The temporally resolved results show that most proteins stay adsorbed onto the surface during the entire digestion process and are only cut away piece by piece, whereas smaller proteins and peptides seem to desorb rather easily from the surface. This information will simplify the interpretation of data generated using the oSED method and can also be used for the characterization of the physicochemical properties controlling the adsorption of individual proteins to specific surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgny Undin
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Hörnaeus
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Bergström Lind
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Khan F, Pharo A, Lindstad JK, Mollnes TE, Tønnessen TI, Pischke SE. Effect of Perfusion Fluids on Recovery of Inflammatory Mediators in Microdialysis. Scand J Immunol 2016; 82:467-75. [PMID: 26099791 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis is an excellent tool to assess tissue inflammation in patients, but in vitro systems to evaluate recovery of inflammatory mediators have not been standardized. We aimed to develop a reference plasma preparation and evaluate different perfusion fluids with respect to recovery of metabolic and inflammatory markers. The reference preparation was produced by incubation of human blood with lipopolysaccharide and cobra venom factor to generate cytokines and activate complement, respectively. Microdialysis with 100 kDa catheters was performed using different colloid and crystalloid perfusion fluids (hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4, HES 200/0.5, hyperosmolar HES 200/0.5, albumin 200 g/l, T1 perfusion fluid and Ringer's acetate) compared to today's recommended dextran 60 solution. Recovery of glucose, glycerol and pyruvate was not significantly different between the perfusion fluids, whereas lactate had lower recovery in HES 200/0.5 and albumin perfusion fluids. Recovery rates for the inflammatory proteins in comparison with the concentration in the reference preparation differed substantially: IL-6 = 9%, IL-1β = 18%, TNF = 0.3%, MCP-1 = 45%, IL-8 = 48%, MIG = 48%, IP-10 = 25%, C3a = 53% and C5a = 12%. IL-10 was not detectable in microdialysis dialysate. HES 130/0.4 and HES 200/0.5 yielded a recovery not significantly different from dextran 60. Hyperosmolar HES 200/0.5 and albumin showed significantly different pattern of recovery with increased concentration of MIG, IP-10, C3a and C5a and decreased concentration of IL-1β, TNF, MCP-1 and IL-8 in comparison with dextran 60. In conclusion, microdialysis perfusion fluid dextran 60 can be replaced by the commonly used HES 130/0.4, whereas albumin might be used if specific immunological variables are in focus. The present reference plasma preparation is suitable for in vitro evaluation of microdialysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khan
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Pharo
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Lindstad
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T E Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø and Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T I Tønnessen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - S E Pischke
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Clinic for Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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20
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Zhou Y, Wong JM, Mabrouk OS, Kennedy RT. Reducing adsorption to improve recovery and in vivo detection of neuropeptides by microdialysis with LC-MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9802-9. [PMID: 26351736 PMCID: PMC5118035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are an important class of neurochemicals; however, measuring their concentration in vivo by using microdialysis sampling is challenging due to their low concentration and the small samples generated. Capillary liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (cLC-MS) can yield attomole limits of detection (LOD); however, low recovery and loss of sample to adsorptive surfaces can still hinder detection of neuropeptides. We have evaluated recovery during sampling and transfer to the cLC column for a selection of 10 neuropeptides. Adding acetonitrile to sample eliminated carryover and improved LOD by 1.4- to 60-fold. The amount of acetonitrile required was found to have an optimal value that correlated with peptide molecular weight and retention time on a reversed phase LC column. Treating AN69 dialysis membrane, which bears negative charge due to incorporated sulfonate groups, with polyethylenimine (PEI) improved recovery by 1.2- to 80-fold. The effect appeared to be due to reducing electrostatic interaction between peptides and the microdialysis probe because modification increased recovery only for peptides that carried net positive charge. The combined effects improved LOD of the entire method by 1.3- to 800-fold for the different peptides. We conclude that peptides with both charged and hydrophobic regions require combined strategies to prevent adsorption and yield the best possible detection. The method was demonstrated by determining orexin A, orexin B, and a novel isoform of rat β-endorphin in the arcuate nucleus. Dialysate concentrations were below 10 pM for these peptides. A standard addition study on dialysates revealed that while some peptides can be accurately quantified, some are affected by the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Jenny-Marie Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Omar S. Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055
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21
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Influence of surface modification and static pressure on microdialysis protein extraction efficiency. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Blazkova I, Smerkova K, Blazkova L, Vaculovicova M, Stiborova M, Eckschlager T, Beklova M, Adam V, Kizek R. Doxorubicin interactions with bovine serum albumin revealed by microdialysis with on-line laser-induced fluorescence detection at subpicogram level. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1282-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Blazkova
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Blazkova
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2 Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Beklova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology; Brno University of Technology; Brno Czech Republic
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23
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Helmy A, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJA. Comment on: 'Pitfalls in microdialysis methodology: an in vitro analysis of temperature, pressure and catheter use'. Physiol Meas 2015; 36:621-2. [PMID: 25700129 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/36/3/621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Keeler GD, Durdik JM, Stenken JA. Localized delivery of dexamethasone-21-phosphate via microdialysis implants in rat induces M(GC) macrophage polarization and alters CCL2 concentrations. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:11-20. [PMID: 25449921 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis sampling probes were implanted into the subcutaneous space on the dorsal side of male Sprague Dawley rats to locally deliver dexamethasone-21-phosphate (Dex) with the aim of altering in vivo macrophage polarization. Macrophage polarization is of significant interest in the field of biomaterials since wound-healing macrophages are a possible means to extend implant life as well as improve tissue remodeling to an implant. Quantitative analysis of CCL2 in collected dialysates, gene expression and immunohistochemistry performed on the tissue surrounding the microdialysis implant were used to evaluate if Dex polarized macrophages. Dex infusion down-regulated IL-6 and CCL2 gene expression and decreased CCL2 concentrations in dialysates collected at the implant site. Dex appeared to have no significant effect on the gene regulation of CD163, a commonly used M2c macrophage surface marker; Arg2; and iNOS2. However, Dex infusion was effective at increasing the number of CD163(+) cells surrounding the implanted microdialysis probe. This work demonstrates the use of microdialysis sampling to deliver agents such as Dex to alter macrophage polarization in vivo while allowing the ability to collect cytokines in the surrounding microenvironment.
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25
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Chu J, Hjort K, Larsson A, Dahlin AP. Impact of static pressure on transmembrane fluid exchange in high molecular weight cut off microdialysis. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:301-10. [PMID: 24370572 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the interest of studying larger biomolecules by microdialysis (MD), this sampling technique has reached into the ultrafiltration region of fluid exchange, where fluid recovery (FR) has a strong dependence on pressure. Hence in this study, we focus on the fluid exchange across the high molecular weight cut off MD membrane under the influence of the static pressure in the sampling environment. A theoretical model is presented for MD with such membranes, where FR has a linear dependence upon the static pressure of the sample. Transmembrane (TM) osmotic pressure difference and MD perfusion rate decide how fast FR increases with increased static pressure. A test chamber for in vitro MD under static pressure was constructed and validated. It can hold four MD probes under controlled pressurized conditions. Comparison showed good agreement between experiment and theory. Moreover, test results showed that the fluid recovery of the test chamber MD can be set accurately via the chamber pressure, which is controlled by sample injection into the chamber at precise rate. This in vitro system is designed for modelling in vivo MD in cerebrospinal fluid and studies with biological samples in this system may be good models for in vivo MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Chu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Hillered L, Dahlin AP, Clausen F, Chu J, Bergquist J, Hjort K, Enblad P, Lewén A. Cerebral microdialysis for protein biomarker monitoring in the neurointensive care setting - a technical approach. Front Neurol 2014; 5:245. [PMID: 25520696 PMCID: PMC4253950 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microdialysis (MD) was introduced as a neurochemical monitoring method in the early 1990s and is currently widely used for the sampling of low molecular weight molecules, signaling energy crisis, and cellular distress in the neurointensive care (NIC) setting. There is a growing interest in MD for harvesting of intracerebral protein biomarkers of secondary injury mechanisms in acute traumatic and neurovascular brain injury in the NIC community. The initial enthusiasm over the opportunity to sample protein biomarkers with high molecular weight cut-off MD catheters has dampened somewhat with the emerging realization of inherent methodological problems including protein-protein interaction, protein adhesion, and biofouling, causing an unstable in vivo performance (i.e., fluid recovery and extraction efficiency) of the MD catheter. This review will focus on the results of a multidisciplinary collaborative effort, within the Uppsala Berzelii Centre for Neurodiagnostics during the past several years, to study the features of the complex process of high molecular weight cut-off MD for protein biomarkers. This research has led to new methodology showing robust in vivo performance with optimized fluid recovery and improved extraction efficiency, allowing for more accurate biomarker monitoring. In combination with evolving analytical methodology allowing for multiplex biomarker analysis in ultra-small MD samples, a new opportunity opens up for high-resolution temporal mapping of secondary injury cascades, such as neuroinflammation and other cell injury reactions directly in the injured human brain. Such data may provide an important basis for improved characterization of complex injuries, e.g., traumatic and neurovascular brain injury, and help in defining targets and treatment windows for neuroprotective drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hillered
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Andreas P Dahlin
- Division of Microsystems Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jiangtao Chu
- Division of Microsystems Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-BMC and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Klas Hjort
- Division of Microsystems Technology, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per Enblad
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anders Lewén
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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27
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Chu J, Koudriavtsev V, Hjort K, Dahlin AP. Fluorescence imaging of macromolecule transport in high molecular weight cut-off microdialysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7601-9. [PMID: 25286875 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When microdialysis (MD) membrane exceeds molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa, the fluid mechanics are in the ultrafiltration regime. Consequently, fluidic mass transport of macromolecules in the perfusate over the membrane may reduce the biological relevance of the sampling and cause an inflammatory response in the test subject. Therefore, a method to investigate the molecular transport of high MWCO MD is presented. An in vitro test chamber was fabricated to facilitate the fluorescent imaging of the MD sampling process, using fluoresceinylisothiocyanate (FITC) dextran and fluorescence microscopy. Qualitative studies on dextran behavior inside and outside the membrane were performed. Semiquantitative results showed clear dextran leakage from both 40 and 250 kDa dextran when 100 kDa MWCO membranes were used. Dextran 40 kDa leaked out with an order of magnitude higher concentration and the leakage pattern resembled more of a convective flow pattern compared with dextran 250 kDa, where the leakage pattern was more diffusion based. No leakage was observed when dextran 500 kDa was used as a colloid osmotic agent. The results in this study suggest that fluorescence imaging could be used as a method for qualitative and semiquantitative molecular transport and fluid dynamics studies of MD membranes and other hollow fiber catheter membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Chu
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Thelin EP, Nelson DW, Ghatan PH, Bellander BM. Microdialysis Monitoring of CSF Parameters in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Novel Approach. Front Neurol 2014; 5:159. [PMID: 25228896 PMCID: PMC4151035 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuro-intensive care following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is focused on preventing secondary insults that may lead to irreversible brain damage. Microdialysis (MD) is used to detect deranged cerebral metabolism. The clinical usefulness of the MD is dependent on the regional localization of the MD catheter. The aim of this study was to analyze a new method of continuous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monitoring using the MD technique. The method was validated using conventional laboratory analysis of CSF samples. MD-CSF and regional MD-Brain samples were correlated to patient outcome. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 patients suffering from severe TBI were analyzed. They were monitored using (1) a MD catheter (CMA64-iView, n = 7448 MD samples) located in a CSF-pump connected to the ventricular drain and (2) an intraparenchymal MD catheter (CMA70, n = 8358 MD samples). CSF-lactate and CSF-glucose levels were monitored and were compared to MD-CSF samples. MD-CSF and MD-Brain parameters were correlated to favorable (Glasgow Outcome Score extended, GOSe 6–8) and unfavorable (GOSe 1–5) outcome. Results: Levels of glucose and lactate acquired with the CSF-MD technique could be correlated to conventional levels. The median MD recovery using the CMA64 catheter in CSF was 0.98 and 0.97 for glucose and lactate, respectively. Median MD-CSF (CMA 64) lactate (p = 0.0057) and pyruvate (p = 0.0011) levels were significantly lower in the favorable outcome group compared to the unfavorable group. No significant difference in outcome was found using the lactate:pyruvate ratio (LPR), or any of the regional MD-Brain monitoring in our analyzed cohort. Conclusion: This new technique of global MD-CSF monitoring correlates with conventional CSF levels of glucose and lactate, and the MD recovery is higher than previously described. Increase in lactate and pyruvate, without any effect on the LPR, correlates to unfavorable outcome, perhaps related to the presence of erythrocytes in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Thelin
- Section for Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - David W Nelson
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Per Hamid Ghatan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bo-Michael Bellander
- Section for Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna , Stockholm , Sweden
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29
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Dahlin AP, Purins K, Clausen F, Chu J, Sedigh A, Lorant T, Enblad P, Lewén A, Hillered L. Refined Microdialysis Method for Protein Biomarker Sampling in Acute Brain Injury in the Neurointensive Care Setting. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8671-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501880u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P. Dahlin
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karlis Purins
- Department
of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Clausen
- Department
of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiangtao Chu
- Department
of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amir Sedigh
- Department
of Surgical Sciences, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Uppsala
University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Lorant
- Department
of Surgical Sciences, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Uppsala
University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Enblad
- Department
of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Lewén
- Department
of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hillered
- Department
of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wetterhall M, Bergquist J, Hillered L, Hjort K, Dahlin AP. Identification of human cerebrospinal fluid proteins and their distribution in an in vitro microdialysis sampling system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Microdialysis sampling techniques applied to studies of the foreign body reaction. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 57:74-86. [PMID: 24269987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Implanted materials including drug delivery devices and chemical sensors undergo what is termed the foreign body reaction (FBR). Depending on the device and its intended application, the FBR can have differing consequences. An extensive scientific research effort has been devoted to elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the FBR. Important, yet relatively unexplored, research includes the localized tissue biochemistry and the chemical signaling events that occur throughout the FBR. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of the FBR, describes how the FBR affects different implanted devices, and illustrates the role that microdialysis sampling can play in further elucidating the chemical communication processes that drive FBR outcomes.
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Keeler GD, Durdik JM, Stenken JA. Comparison of microdialysis sampling perfusion fluid components on the foreign body reaction in rat subcutaneous tissue. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 57:60-7. [PMID: 24239995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis sampling is a commonly used technique for collecting solutes from the extracellular space of tissues in laboratory animals and humans. Large molecular weight solutes can be collected using high molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membranes (100kDa or greater). High MWCO membranes require addition of high molecular weight dextrans or albumin to the perfusion fluid to prevent fluid loss via ultrafiltration. While these perfusion fluid additives are commonly used during microdialysis sampling, the tissue response to the loss of these compounds across the membrane is poorly understood. Tissue reactions to implanted microdialysis sampling probes containing different microdialysis perfusion fluids were compared over a 7-day time period in rats. The base perfusion fluid was Ringer's solution supplemented with either bovine serum albumin (BSA), rat serum albumin (RSA), Dextran-70, or Dextran-500. A significant inflammatory response to Dextran-70 was observed. No differences in the tissue response between BSA and RSA were observed. Among these agents, the BSA, RSA, and Dextran-500 produced a significantly reduced inflammatory response compared to the Dextran-70. This work demonstrates that use of Dextran-70 in microdialysis sampling perfusion fluids should be eliminated and replaced with Dextran-500 or other alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Keeler
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jeannine M Durdik
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Julie A Stenken
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Rogers ML, Boutelle MG. Real-time clinical monitoring of biomolecules. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:427-453. [PMID: 23772662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of clinical biomarkers offers the exciting possibility of new therapies that use biomarker levels to guide treatment in real time. This review explores recent progress toward this goal. We initially consider measurements in body fluids by a range of analytical methods. We then discuss direct tissue measurements performed by implanted sensors; sampling techniques, including microdialysis and ultrafiltration; and noninvasive methods. A future directions section considers analytical methods at the cusp of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Clough GF, Stenken JA, Church MK. High Molecular Weight Targets and Treatments Using Microdialysis. MICRODIALYSIS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4815-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Olausson P, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N, Larsson B, Ghafouri B. Identification of proteins from interstitium of trapezius muscle in women with chronic myalgia using microdialysis in combination with proteomics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52560. [PMID: 23300707 PMCID: PMC3531451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microdialysis (MD) of the trapezius muscle has been an attractive technique to investigating small molecules and metabolites in chronic musculoskeletal pain in human. Large biomolecules such as proteins also cross the dialysis membrane of the catheters. In this study we have applied in vivo MD in combination with two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins in the extracellular fluid of the trapezius muscle. Materials and Methods Dialysate from women with chronic trapezius myalgia (TM; n = 37), women with chronic wide spread pain (CWP; n = 18) and healthy controls (CON; n = 22) was collected from the trapezius muscle using a catheter with a cut-off point of 100 kDa. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Detected proteins were identified by nano liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Ninety-seven protein spots were identified from the interstitial fluid of the trapezius muscle; 48 proteins in TM and 30 proteins in CWP had concentrations at least two-fold higher or lower than in CON. The identified proteins pertain to several functional classes, e.g., proteins involved in inflammatory responses. Several of the identified proteins are known to be involved in processes of pain such as: creatine kinase, nerve growth factor, carbonic anhydrase, myoglobin, fatty acid binding protein and actin aortic smooth muscle. Conclusions In this study, by using in vivo microdialysis in combination with proteomics a large number of proteins in muscle interstitium have been identified. Several of the identified proteins were at least two-fold higher or lower in chronic pain patients. The applied techniques open up for the possibility of investigating protein changes associated with nociceptive processes of chronic myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Olausson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Musunuri S, Shevchenko G, Bergquist J. Neuroproteomic profiling of human brain tissue using multidimensional separation techniques and selective enrichment of membrane proteins. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3779-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Musunuri
- Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - Ganna Shevchenko
- Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Analytical Chemistry; Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Center and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
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Olausson P, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N, Karlsson L, Larsson B, Ghafouri B. Relative recovery over time - an in vivo microdialysis study of human skeletal muscle. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012; 73:10-6. [PMID: 23088726 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.729081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microdialysis technique is a method for sampling endogenous molecules from the interstitial compartments of varying tissues and relies on diffusion of molecules between the tissue and a perfusate via a membrane. Such samples do not allow determination of the true interstitial concentration but only a certain percentage. This gives rise to one of the most crucial parameter that needs to be considered for a dependable microdialysis; the relative recovery. Relative recovery states the efficiency of which an analyte is extracted from its external medium. Aim. To investigate the relative recovery of small molecules (< 20 kDa) such as lactate, fluid recovery and the reproducibility of the relative recovery at group and individual level of the microdialysis technique applied in muscle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using in vivo microdialysis of the trapezius muscle of 65 women from two separate occasions 4-6 months apart. Relative recovery of small molecules was measured from samples collected every 20 min during a period of 220 min. RESULTS Good reproducibility at group level of catheters with cut-offs 100 and 20kDa were found. Furthermore, there was a high and steady relative recovery with an overall good fluid recovery. Poor reproducibility was found at the individual level for both catheters. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that when using microdialysis in skeletal muscle relative recovery is stable over time and is not affected by low-force exercise. Although there is a good reproducibility at group level this is not the case at the individual level. Thus in vivo, the relative recovery should be determined for each test subject and at each test occasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Olausson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Helmy A, Antoniades CA, Guilfoyle MR, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ. Principal component analysis of the cytokine and chemokine response to human traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39677. [PMID: 22745809 PMCID: PMC3382168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing realisation that neuro-inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathology of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This has led to the search for biomarkers that reflect these underlying inflammatory processes using techniques such as cerebral microdialysis. The interpretation of such biomarker data has been limited by the statistical methods used. When analysing data of this sort the multiple putative interactions between mediators need to be considered as well as the timing of production and high degree of statistical co-variance in levels of these mediators. Here we present a cytokine and chemokine dataset from human brain following human traumatic brain injury and use principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis to demonstrate the pattern of production following TBI, distinct phases of the humoral inflammatory response and the differing patterns of response in brain and in peripheral blood. This technique has the added advantage of making no assumptions about the Relative Recovery (RR) of microdialysis derived parameters. Taken together these techniques can be used in complex microdialysis datasets to summarise the data succinctly and generate hypotheses for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Dahlin AP, Hjort K, Hillered L, Sjödin MOD, Bergquist J, Wetterhall M. Multiplexed quantification of proteins adsorbed to surface-modified and non-modified microdialysis membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2057-67. [PMID: 22159469 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple and straightforward method for discovery and quantification of proteins adsorbed onto delicate and sensitive membrane surfaces is presented. The adsorbed proteins were enzymatically cleaved while still adsorbed onto the membranes using an on-surface enzymatic digestion (oSED). This was followed by isobaric tagging, nanoliquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. Protein adsorption on tri-block copolymer Poloxamer 407 surface-modified microdialysis (MD) membranes were compared with protein adsorption on unmodified MD membranes. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) kept at 37 °C was used as sample matrix. In total, 19 proteins were quantified in two biological replicates. The surface-modified membranes adsorbed 33% less proteins than control membranes and the most abundant proteins were subunits of hemoglobin and clusterin. The adsorption of clusterin on the modified membranes was on average 36% compared to control membranes. The most common protein in vCSF, Albumin, was not identified adsorbed to the surface at all. It was also experimentally verified that oSED, in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry can be used to quantify femtomole amounts of proteins adsorbed on limited and delicate surfaces, such as MD membranes. The method has great potential and can be used to study much more complex protein adsorption systems than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Dahlin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Helmy A, De Simoni MG, Guilfoyle MR, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ. Cytokines and innate inflammation in the pathogenesis of human traumatic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 95:352-72. [PMID: 21939729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition that following traumatic brain injury, a cascade of inflammatory mediators is produced, and contributes to the pathological consequences of central nervous system injury. This review summarises the key literature from pre-clinical models that underlies our understanding of innate inflammation following traumatic brain injury before focussing on the growing evidence from human studies. In addition, the underlying molecular mediators responsible for blood brain barrier dysfunction have been discussed. In particular, we have highlighted the different sampling methodologies available and the difficulties in interpreting human data of this sort. Ultimately, understanding the innate inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury may provide a therapeutic avenue in the treatment of central nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Iontophoresis of a 13 kDa protein monitored by subcutaneous microdialysis in vivo. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:2419-26. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to optimize parameters pertaining to microdialysis technique so as to make this method feasible for evaluating transdermal transport of macromolecules. Results: Microdialysis experiments were performed in vivo using hairless rats with daniplestim as the model protein. Two perfusion fluids – phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 3% dextran in PBS – were evaluated with respect to their effect on sample volume retrieval and recovery of the target protein from the microdialysis probe. Incorporation of dextran-60 in the perfusion fluid reduced fluid loss to 10% as opposed to 34% in the absence of dextran-60. Improvement in daniplestim recovery was also seen with dextran-PBS (56.5 ± 10.3%) as the perfusion fluid than with PBS alone (26.7±4.5%). Conclusion: Subcutaneous levels of daniplestim were measured following iontophoresis after improving recovery and minimizing fluid loss from the microdialysis probe.
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Marklund N, Hillered L. Animal modelling of traumatic brain injury in preclinical drug development: where do we go from here? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 164:1207-29. [PMID: 21175576 PMCID: PMC3229758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Survivors of TBI frequently suffer from long-term personality changes and deficits in cognitive and motor performance, urgently calling for novel pharmacological treatment options. To date, all clinical trials evaluating neuroprotective compounds have failed in demonstrating clinical efficacy in cohorts of severely injured TBI patients. The purpose of the present review is to describe the utility of animal models of TBI for preclinical evaluation of pharmacological compounds. No single animal model can adequately mimic all aspects of human TBI owing to the heterogeneity of clinical TBI. To successfully develop compounds for clinical TBI, a thorough evaluation in several TBI models and injury severities is crucial. Additionally, brain pharmacokinetics and the time window must be carefully evaluated. Although the search for a single-compound, 'silver bullet' therapy is ongoing, a combination of drugs targeting various aspects of neuroprotection, neuroinflammation and regeneration may be needed. In summary, finding drugs and prove clinical efficacy in TBI is a major challenge ahead for the research community and the drug industry. For a successful translation of basic science knowledge to the clinic to occur we believe that a further refinement of animal models and functional outcome methods is important. In the clinical setting, improved patient classification, more homogenous patient cohorts in clinical trials, standardized treatment strategies, improved central nervous system drug delivery systems and monitoring of target drug levels and drug effects is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Greenhalgh AD, Ogungbenro K, Rothwell NJ, Galea JP. Translational pharmacokinetics: challenges of an emerging approach to drug development in stroke. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:681-95. [PMID: 21521135 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.570259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing recognition of the importance of translational pharmacokinetics in stroke research, lack of which has been cited as one of the main contributing factors to failure of Phase III trials. AREAS COVERED The article reviews the translational issues in administration, distribution and sampling in the pharmacokinetics of putative therapeutic drugs in stroke. In addition, the role of translational pharmacometrics in drug development is discussed. The review uses the anti-inflammatory agent, IL-1 receptor antagonist, as an example. The reader will gain an insight into the pitfalls that are commonplace in translating pharmacokinetics from the preclinical to the clinical scenario. The reader will also gain an understanding of the complexities of blood-central nervous system (CNS) barriers in relation to brain pharmacokinetics and the increasing use of translational pharmacometrics in stroke research. EXPERT OPINION The translation of preclinical to clinical pharmacokinetics is a discipline that is traditionally overlooked and is likely to be a key factor responsible for failure of clinical trials. With a clear comprehensive insight into the benefits and limitations of translational pharmacokinetics in stroke, translational pharmacokinetics can be safely used to enhance the efficacy of clinical trials in stroke and their likelihood of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Greenhalgh
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Faculty of Life Sciences, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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