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Wang Y, Liu S. Recent application of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry in plant materials analysis with emphasis on traditional Chinese herbal medicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1150-1171. [PMID: 37598314 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) represents a new generation of ionization techniques that are used to rapidly ionize small molecules under ambient environments. The combination of DART with various mass spectrometry (MS) instruments allows analyzing multiple plant materials, including traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs), under simple or no sample treatment conditions. This review discussed the DART principles, including devices, ionization mechanisms, and operation parameters. Typical spectra detected by DART-MS were exhibited and discussed. Numerous applications of DART-MS in the fields of plant material and TCHM analysis were reviewed, including compound identification, biomarker discovery, fingerprinting analysis, and quantification analysis. Besides, modifications and improvements of DART-MS, such as hyphenated application with other separation methods, laser-based desorption techniques, and online sampling configuration, were summarized as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Chen W, Yuan K, He Q, Li Q, Luo J, Chu F, Wang H, Feng H, Pan Y. Long term online desalting analysis of MS/LC-MS using thermal assisted recrystallization ionization. Talanta 2024; 274:125981. [PMID: 38583325 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of non-volatile salts containing samples remains challenging due to salt-induced ion suppression and contamination. This challenge is even more pronounced for a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, where the accumulation of salts in the transmission system poses an ongoing problem. In this study, a novel thermal assisted recrystallization ionization mass spectrometry (TARI-MS) device was developed to achieve efficient on-line desalting and prolonged analysis of saline samples. The core component of this device was a heated plate positioned between the electrospray unit and the MS inlet. The desalting mechanism was demonstrated as the spontaneous separation of target molecules from salts during the "crystallization" process. After optimization, the angle between the nebulizer and the heated plate was 45°; the distance between the front end of the heated plate and the MS inlet was 2 mm; the distance between the front edge of the heated plate and the center of the sample spray projected onto the heating plate was 3 mm; the distance between the emitter of nebulizer and the heated plate was 3 mm. TARI-MS realized direct analysis of eight drugs dissolved in eight commonly used non-volatile salts solutions (up to 0.5 mol/L). The high sensitivity, repeatability, linearity, accuracy, and intra- and inter-day precision of TARI-MS confirm its reliability as a robust tool for the analysis of saline samples. Furthermore, TARI-MS allowed continuous analysis of salty eluates of LC for up to nearly 1 h without maintenance and verified the feasibility of LC-MS analysis through detecting a five-drug mixture and a crude aripiprazole product. Finally, six impurities in the crude aripiprazole product were successfully detected by LC-TARI-MS. The established method holds promise for applications across academic and pharmaceutical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kailong Yuan
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310008, PR China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fengjian Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hongru Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Chen W, Gao Z, Chu F, He Q, Gao Y, Liu Y, Feng H, Pan Y. Heat-Assisted Dual Neutral Spray Ionization for High-Performance Online Desalting in Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15002-15009. [PMID: 36255385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In mass spectrometry (MS), nonvolatile salts contaminate the transmission system and cause ion suppression, hampering MS analysis. When MS is combined with liquid chromatography (LC) that uses a salty mobile phase, the problems become more intractable due to long analysis time. Here, a novel heat-assisted dual neutral spray ionization (HADSI) method was developed, which projected sample solution spray and solvent spray onto a heated plate to achieve online desalting and high ionization. The experimental parameters of HADSI were optimized, which indicated that the plate temperature was crucial for ionization and desalination. Eight drug compounds dissolved in various commonly used buffers were directly analyzed using HADSI-MS, even though the concentration of PBS buffer reached 500 mmol/L. The established method showed considerable sensitivity in the positive ion mode with the limits of detection at the level of nmol/L, and good linearity (R2 > 0.99) was achieved for all the analyzed compounds. The repeatability and intra- and interday precisions of the method were evaluated, demonstrating the feasibility and reliability of the analysis of salty samples by HADSI-MS. Further, the method was demonstrated to tolerate the long-time analysis of high-salt LC eluates and the device was easy to maintain. Finally, a crude roxithromycin product was separated by LC and then analyzed by HADSI-MS, and seven unknown impurities and nine known impurities were successfully detected. Our results indicated that HADSI-MS may have potential applications in academic and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fengjian Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and drugs or other bioactive compounds has been widely explored over the past years. Several methods for analysis of this phenomenon have been developed and improved. Nowadays, increasing attention is paid to innovative methods, such as high performance affinity liquid chromatography (HPALC) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), taking into account various advantages. Moreover, the development of separation methods for the analysis and resolution of chiral drugs has been an area of ongoing interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry research. In addition to bioaffinity binding studies, both HPALC and ACE al-low one to perform other type of analyses, namely, displacement studies and enantioseparation of racemic or enantiomeric mixtures. Actually, proteins used as chiral selectors in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have unique enantioselective properties demonstrating suitability for the enantioseparation of a large variety of chiral drugs or other bioactive compounds. This review is mainly focused in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods using human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, as chiral selector for binding affinity analysis and enantioresolution of drugs. For both analytical purposes, updated examples are presented to highlight recent applications and current trends.
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Kloth R, Khanipour P, Mayrhofer KJJ, Katsounaros I. Implementation of an enclosed ionization interface for the analysis of liquid sample streams with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9091. [PMID: 33786897 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of an interface to analyze liquid sample streams with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is of great interest for coupling various analytical techniques, using non-volatile salts, with MS. Therefore, we devised an enclosed ionization interface and a sample introduction system for the versatile analysis of liquid samples with DART-MS. METHODS The sample introduction system consists of a nebulizer, a spray chamber and a transfer line, while the confined ionization interface is created by implementing a cross-shaped housing between ion source outlet and mass spectrometer inlet. Methodical studies of the effects of various setup parameters on signal intensity and peak shape were conducted, while its diverse applicability was demonstrated by coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of alcohols, organic acids and furanic compounds. RESULTS The confinement of the ionization interface results in a robust setup design with a well-defined ionization region for focusing of the sprayed sample mist. Thereby, an increase in analyte signal intensity by three orders of magnitude and improved signal stability and reproducibility were obtained in comparison with a similar open ionization interface configuration. Additionally, the successful quantification of alcohols could be demonstrated as well as the compatibility of the setup with HPLC gradient elution. CONCLUSIONS A versatile setup design for the analysis of liquid sample streams with DART-MS was devised for monitoring reactions or hyphenating analytics with MS. The design minimizes interferences from the laboratory surroundings as well as allows for safe handling of hazardous and toxic chemicals, which renders it suitable for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Kloth
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Peyman Khanipour
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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Enantioseparation, recognition mechanisms and binding of xanthones on human serum albumin by liquid chromatography. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1255-1274. [PMID: 31298568 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a method for enantioseparation of several chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) by LC using a human serum albumin-chiral stationary phase (HSA-CSP) and screening CDX-HSA affinity. Additionally, recognition mechanisms were investigated. Materials & methods: The influence of organic modifier, buffer type, pH and ionic strength of mobile phase, and temperature were explored. The affinity was determined by measuring the retention times and further calculation of bound percentage. Chiral recognition mechanisms were investigated by docking. Results: Enantioselectivity and resolution values ranged from 1.40 to 9.16 and 1.51 to 4.97. Bound percentages ranged from 79.02 to 99.99%. Conclusion: LC systematic study and binding affinity of CDXs on HSA-CSP are presented here for the first time, expanding the applications of HSA-CSP for this class of compounds.
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Bierstedt A, You Y, van Wasen S, Bosc-Bierne G, Weller M, Riedel J. Laser-Induced Microplasma as an Ambient Ionization Approach for the Mass-Spectrometric Analysis of Liquid Samples. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5922-5928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bierstedt
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi You
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian van Wasen
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gaby Bosc-Bierne
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Xu L, Bai Y, Liu H. Online coupling techniques in ambient mass spectrometry. Analyst 2018; 141:5913-5921. [PMID: 27704091 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been proven to have low matrix effects and high salt tolerance, great efforts have been made for online coupling of several analytical techniques with AMS. These analytical techniques include gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemistry flow cells. Various ambient ionization sources, represented by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART), have been utilized as interfaces for the online coupling techniques. Herein, we summarized the advances in these online coupling methods. Close attention has been paid to different interface setups for coupling, as well as limits of detection, tolerance to different matrices, and applications of these new coupling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. Chain.
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. Chain.
| | - Linnan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. Chain.
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. Chain.
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. Chain.
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Liu W, He Y, Zhang H, Su R, Xiu Y, Liu S. Determination of Rosiglitazone by Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1248245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yangfang He
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Su
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Yin J, Zhao Z, Zhan X, Duan Y. Exploration and performance evaluation of microwave-induced plasma with different discharge gases for ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:919-927. [PMID: 28401996 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Microwave-induced plasma (MIP) with different discharge gases of argon or helium provides significant plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization sources, which have potential applicability in direct analysis of complex samples without any sample pre-treatment. In this study, experiments were conducted to better understand microwave-induced plasma desorption/ionization (MIPDI) sources and the corresponding ionization mechanisms. METHODS Emission spectra of microwave-induced argon (MIP-Ar) and helium (MIP-He) plasmas were obtained from the plasma tail flame of a MIP source. Compounds including L-phenylalanine, L-serine, L-valine, urea, 4-acetaminophen, gallic acid and L-ascorbic acid were analyzed using both sources. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) oligomers were detected by MIP-Ar and MIP-He mass spectrometry at different microwave powers. Mass spectra of higher molecular weight PEGs (including PEG800, PEG1000 and PEG2000) were also acquired using both sources. RESULTS In the emission spectra, N2 , H-I and O-I species were observed by MIP-Ar/He. In addition, SiO2 , Na-I, Si-I and Si-II species were generated by MIP-He. In the mass spectra of compounds, [M+H]+ , [2M+H]+ , [M+O+H]+ , [M+2O-H]+ and fragment ions were observed. In the mass spectra of PEG400 obtained by MIP-Ar/He at different microwave powers, higher molecular weight oligomers could only be observed with higher microwave power. PEGs with molecular weights as high as 1000 Da were also successfully analyzed by MIPDI. CONCLUSIONS According to the different natures of the samples, either MIP-Ar or MIP-He can be chosen as a working ion source for mass spectrometry. The MIPDI source is potentially applicable to the analysis of compounds with high molecular weights, especially polymers with high degree of polymerization (such as PEG2000), which is a challenging issue for the traditional ambient ionization sources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yin
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xuefang Zhan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
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Guo T, Yong W, Jin Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang S, Chen Q, Dong Y, Su H, Tan T. Applications of DART-MS for food quality and safety assurance in food supply chain. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:161-187. [PMID: 25975720 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time (DART) represents a new generation of ion source which is used for rapid ionization of small molecules under ambient conditions. The combination of DART and various mass spectrometers allows analyzing multiple food samples with simple or no sample treatment, or in conjunction with prevailing protocolized sample preparation methods. Abundant applications by DART-MS have been reviewed in this paper. The DART-MS strategy applied to food supply chain (FSC), including production, processing, and storage and transportation, provides a comprehensive solution to various food components, contaminants, authenticity, and traceability. Additionally, typical applications available in food analysis by other ambient ionization mass spectrometers were summarized, and fundamentals mainly including mechanisms, devices, and parameters were discussed as well. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:161-187, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yong
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100123, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Detection of saponins and oligosaccharides in herbs using direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang H, Gao G, Wang Y, Liu J, Li Z, Su R, Wang B, Lian W, Guo X, Liu S. Ionization characteristics of glycosides by direct analysis in real time quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02683d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides were ionized via various different reactions including (de)protonation, molecular ion formation, ISD fragmentation, and the formation of adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of pathology
- China-Japan Union Hospital
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130033
- China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zongjun Li
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Rui Su
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- China
- Department of Chemistry
- Jilin University
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Wenhui Lian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Prokai L, Fryčák P, Nguyen V, Forster MJ. Mass spectrometric analysis of carisoprodol and meprobamate in rat brain microdialysates. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:900-907. [PMID: 27747995 PMCID: PMC5315026 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of several mass spectrometry-based methods for the determination of carisoprodol and meprobamate in samples obtained from the rat brain by in vivo intracranial microdialyis. Among the techniques that aspire to perform analyses without chromatographic separation and thereby increase throughput, chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization and the use of an atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe fell short of requirements because of insufficient detection sensitivity and hard ionization, respectively. Although direct analysis in real time provided the required soft ionization, shortcomings of a tandem mass spectrometry-based assay also included inadequate detection sensitivity and, in addition, poor quantitative reproducibility. Therefore, liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed to determine carisoprodol and meprobamate from artificial cerebrospinal fluid as the medium. No desalting and/or extraction of the samples was necessary. The assay, combined with in vivo sampling via intracranial microdialyis, afforded time-resolved concentration profiles for the drug and its major metabolite from the nucleus accumbens region of the brain in rats after systemic administration of carisoprodol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
| | - Petr Fryčák
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
- Present address: Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Liu W, He Y, Li L, Liu S. Fast quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer) by using solid-phase methylation coupled to direct analysis in real time. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30 Suppl 1:111-115. [PMID: 27539424 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONAL A fast quantitative method for ginsenosides is essential to minimize analysis time; direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has the potential to be used for this purpose. METHODS However, in order to produce ginsenosides, a derivatization such as methylation is required because the strong polarity of ginsenosides makes it difficult to desorp and ionize them in DART-MS. The main objectives of this study were to achieve fast detection and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides by using DART-MS; solid-phase methylation of ginsenosides has been accomplished in a reaction column; methylated products of ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg1 were analyzed by applying DART-MS where samples could be detected after methylation without the need for further purification. For quantitative analysis, deuterated methylated ginsenosides were prepared by using the solid-phase methylation method and used as internal standards to improve repeatability in DART-MS. RESULTS Methylated ginsenosides produced protonated molecules [M + H](+) and fragment ions in DART-MS. Two pairs of ginsenoside isomers, Rd/Re (C48 H82 O18 , MW 946) and Rf/Rg1(C42 H72 O14 , MW 800), could be discriminated based on their characteristic fragments in tandem mass spectrometry. By using deuterated methylated ginsenosides as internal standards, fast quantitative analysis of ginsenosides Rb1, Re and Rg1 in Asian ginseng was achieved by DART-MS. CONCLUSIONS DART-MS is a feasible technique for fast quantitative analysis of ginsenosides by assisted methylation and the deuterated internal standard technique. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yangfang He
- Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Lele Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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Zheng Q, Chen H. Development and Applications of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:411-448. [PMID: 27145689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent advance in the field of analytical chemistry. This review surveys the development of liquid sample DESI-MS (LS-DESI-MS), a variant form of DESI-MS that focuses on fast analysis of liquid samples, and its novel analy-tical applications in bioanalysis, proteomics, and reaction kinetics. Due to the capability of directly ionizing liquid samples, liquid sample DESI (LS-DESI) has been successfully used to couple MS with various analytical techniques, such as microfluidics, microextraction, electrochemistry, and chromatography. This review also covers these hyphenated techniques. In addition, several closely related ionization methods, including transmission mode DESI, thermally assisted DESI, and continuous flow-extractive DESI, are briefly discussed. The capabilities of LS-DESI extend and/or complement the utilities of traditional DESI and electrospray ionization and will find extensive and valuable analytical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
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17
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Häbe TT, Morlock GE. Improved desorption/ionization and ion transmission in surface scanning by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:321-332. [PMID: 26689161 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Modifications to the Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) interface, its source cap and transfer tube were necessary to obtain highest efficiency in desorption and ionization from the sampling surface and in ion transmission into the MS system. These issues are crucial for the trace analysis of any surface and the hyphenation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) with DART-MS. METHODS The ion source mounting was modified to enable short source caps to be utilized in combination with a short transfer tube. The grid voltage contact section was readjusted to increase the intensity of the metastable gas stream towards the substrate. Eighteen different cap and two transfer tube geometries (including gas-stream focusing), along with the influence of their distance from the mass spectrometer glass capillary, were investigated for best signal intensity. RESULTS Using shortened source caps with staged inner bore, a transfer tube with gas-stream focusing and an optimized mounting geometry for DART-MS scanning along five identical deposited bands (600 ng each) of butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, an average signal precision of 3.6% was obtained and the signal intensity was increased by a factor of 34. The width of the gas impact area did not exceed 1.5 mm and the smallest FWHM was determined to be 0.9 mm. CONCLUSIONS The desorption strength, ionization efficacy and ion transmission were improved significantly giving increased detectability using this further modified DART-MS interface with reduced cap length and optimum transfer tube geometry. The resolution was comparable with state-of-the-art densitometry. With this setup, reliable HPTLC surface scanning is possible, even for substance amounts in the low-nanogram range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Häbe
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Smoluch M, Mielczarek P, Silberring J. Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry in bioanalytical sciences. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:22-34. [PMID: 25988731 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques are gaining growing interest due to their specific features, such as the need for little or no sample preparation, its high analysis speed, and the ambient experimental conditions. Samples can be analyzed in gas, liquid, or solid forms. These techniques allow for a wide range of applications, like warfare agent detection, chemical reaction control, mass spectrometry imaging, polymer identification, and food safety monitoring, as well as applications in biomedical science, e.g., drug and pharmaceutical analysis, medical diagnostics, biochemical analysis, etc. Until now, the main drawback of plasma-based techniques is their quantitative aspect, but a lot of efforts have been done to improve this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Smoluch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Mielczarek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Silberring
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Sklodowskiej St. 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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19
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Zhou F, Liu S, Xing J, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Thermal-assisted gasification injector for analyzing high-salt solution samples: a novel device developed for online coupling of liquid chromatography with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermal-assisted gasification injector was designed for online coupling of liquid-chromatography to direct-analysis-in-real-time mass-spectrometry. The method can be used in analysis with an inorganic salt matrix and weak polar solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Junpeng Xing
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
| | - Shuying Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
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20
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21
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Zhang Y, Li X, Nie H, Yang L, Li Z, Bai Y, Niu L, Song D, Liu H. Interface for Online Coupling of Surface Plasmon Resonance to Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6505-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Analytical
Instrumentation Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Daqian Song
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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22
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Häbe TT, Morlock GE. Quantitative surface scanning by Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:474-484. [PMID: 26160413 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Only a few ambient ionization sources have been demonstrated to work quantitatively for surface scanning. A modification of the Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) interface is needed to improve the precision during the scanning of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plate or any other surface or planar substrate, especially for quantitation without an internal standard correction. METHODS The substrate movement relative to the ion source outlet and the mass spectrometer inlet was optimized to improve the desorption, ionization, and capture of analytes. The substrate carrier was mounted at an angled position, thus reducing collisions between the deflected gas stream and the inner transfer tube wall. A special transfer tube, whose edge was angled towards the substrate and allowed a narrow set-up of the ambient air gap, captured the deflected DART gas stream. RESULTS For the repeated DART-MS scanning along five identical deposited bands of butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate a mean precision of 2.7% was obtained. A signal decay of 62% was observed after five scans. After HPTLC of methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, mean determination coefficients of 0.9937 and 0.9906 were obtained for five calibrations on five plates, respectively. The mean recovery of two control standards was 94% with a mean repeatability of 9% (%RSD, n = 5) obtained on five different plates. CONCLUSIONS The DART SVPA-3DS system remained compact and the access to the substrate was kept wide open despite the optimized scan lane (spatial resolution at full width at half maximum 0.8 mm, height 3 mm). The performance data showed that the quantitative surface scanning was improved as well as the desorption efficacy and detectability using this modified DART-MS interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Häbe
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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23
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Cai Y, Liu Y, Helmy R, Chen H. Coupling of ultrafast LC with mass spectrometry by DESI. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1820-3. [PMID: 25023648 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently we reported a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) interface to combine liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) using a new LC eluent splitting strategy through a tiny orifice on LC capillary tube [J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25, 286 (2014)]. The interface introduces negligible dead volume and back pressure, thereby allowing "near real-time" MS detection, fast LC elution, and online MS-directed purification. This study further evaluates the LC/DESI-MS performance with focus of using ultra-fast LC. Using a monolithic C18 column, metabolites in urine can be separated within 1.6 min and can be online collected for subsequent structure elucidation (e.g., by NMR, UV, IR) in a recovery yield up to 99%. Using a spray solvent with alkaline pH, negative ions could be directly generated for acidic analytes (e.g., ibuprofen) in acidic LC eluent by DESI, offering a novel protocol to realize "wrong-way around" ionization for LC/MS analysis. In addition, DESI-MS is found to be compatible with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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24
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Kaylor A, Dwivedi P, Pittman JJ, Monge ME, Cheng G, Li S, Fernández FM. Plasma-spray ionization (PLASI): a multimodal atmospheric pressure ion source for liquid stream analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1788-1793. [PMID: 25001384 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new ion generation method, named plasma-spray ionization (PLASI) for direct analysis of liquid streams, such as in continuous infusion experiments or liquid chromatography (LC), is reported. PLASI addresses many of the analytical limitations of electrospray ionization (ESI) and has potential for real time process stream analysis and reaction monitoring under atmospheric conditions in non-ESI friendly scenarios. In PLASI-mass spectrometry (MS), the liquid stream is pneumatically nebulized and partially charged at low voltages; the resultant aerosol is thus entrained with a gaseous plasma plume from a distal glow discharge prior to MS detection. PLASI-MS not only overcomes ESI-MS limitations but also generates simpler mass spectra with minimal adduct and cluster formation. PLASI utilizes the atomization capabilities of an ESI sprayer operated below the ESI threshold to generate gas-phase aerosols that are then ionized by the plasma stream. When operated at or above the ESI threshold, ionization by traditional ESI mechanisms is achieved. The multimodal nature of the technique enables readily switching between plasma and ESI operation. It is expected that PLASI will enable analyzing a wide range of analytes in complex matrices and less-restricted solvent systems, providing more flexibility than that achievable by ESI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kaylor
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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25
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Wang X, Li X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Liu H. Online Coupling of In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction with Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Water Using Carbon-Nanotubes-Incorporated Polymer Monolith. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4739-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500382x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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Hintersteiner I, Hertsens R, Klampfl CW. DIRECT ANALYSIS IN REAL TIME/TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY: INVESTIGATIONS ON PARAMETERS FOR THE COUPLING WITH LIQUID-PHASE SAMPLE INTRODUCTION TECHNIQUES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hintersteiner
- a Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Kepler-University Linz , Linz , Austria
| | | | - Christian W. Klampfl
- a Institute of Analytical Chemistry , Johannes Kepler-University Linz , Linz , Austria
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27
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Cai Y, Adams D, Chen H. A new splitting method for both analytical and preparative LC/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:286-92. [PMID: 24254577 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel splitting method for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) application, which allows fast MS detection of LC-separated analytes and subsequent online analyte collection. In this approach, a PEEK capillary tube with a micro-orifice drilled on the tube side wall is used to connect with LC column. A small portion of LC eluent emerging from the orifice can be directly ionized by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with negligible time delay (6~10 ms) while the remaining analytes exiting the tube outlet can be collected. The DESI-MS analysis of eluted compounds shows narrow peaks and high sensitivity because of the extremely small dead volume of the orifice used for LC eluent splitting (as low as 4 nL) and the freedom to choose favorable DESI spray solvent. In addition, online derivatization using reactive DESI is possible for supercharging proteins and for enhancing their signals without introducing extra dead volume. Unlike UV detector used in traditional preparative LC experiments, this method is applicable to compounds without chromophores (e.g., saccharides) due to the use of MS detector. Furthermore, this splitting method well suits monolithic column-based ultra-fast LC separation at a high elution flow rate of 4 mL/min. Figure ᅟ
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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28
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Culzoni MJ, Dwivedi P, Green MD, Newton PN, Fernández FM. Ambient mass spectrometry technologies for the detection of falsified drugs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zeng S, Wang L, Chen T, Qu H. On-line coupling of macroporous resin column chromatography with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry utilizing a surface flowing mode sample holder. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 811:43-50. [PMID: 24456593 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A surface flowing mode sample holder was designed as an alternative sampling strategy for direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). With the sample holder, the on-line coupling of macroporous resin column chromatography with DART-MS was explored and the new system was employed to monitor the column chromatography elution process of Panax notoginseng. The effluent from macroporous resin column was first diluted and mixed with a derivatization reagent on-line, and the mixture was then directly transferred into the ionization region of DART-MS by the sample holder. Notoginsenosides were methylated and ionized in a metastable helium gas stream, and was introduced into MS for detection. The on-line system showed reasonable repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 12.3% for the peak area. Three notoginsenosides, i.e. notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1, were simultaneously determined during the eluting process. The alteration of the chemical composition in the effluent was accurately identified in 9 min, agreeing well with the off-line analysis. The presented technique is more convenient compared to the traditional UPLC method. These results suggest that the surface flowing mode DART-MS has a good potential for the on-line process monitoring in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zeng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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30
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Direct analysis in real time—a critical review on DART-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:63-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Park SG, Murray KK. Ambient laser ablation sampling for capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1673-1680. [PMID: 23821560 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ambient laser ablation with mass spectrometric detection is a powerful method for direct analysis of biological samples in their native environment. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) can separate complex mixtures of biological molecules prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and an ambient sampling interface for CE/MS will allow the detection of minor components. METHODS An infrared (IR) laser ablated and transferred sample materials under ambient conditions for direct loading onto the CE separation column. Samples were deposited on a transparent target and ablated in transmission geometry using a pulsed mid-IR laser. The ablated materials were captured in the exposed sampling solvent and then loaded into a capillary by electrokinetic injection for separation and analysis by electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. RESULTS The system was tested using mixtures of peptide and protein standards. It is estimated that tens of fmol of material was transferred from the ablation target for injection into the CE system and the theoretical plate number was between 1000 and 3000. CONCLUSIONS A novel interface for ambient sampling to CE/MS was developed. The interface is generally applicable and has potential utility for mass spectrometry imaging as well as the loading of microfluidic devices from untreated ambient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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B Cody R. What Is the Opposite of Pandora's Box? Direct Analysis, Ambient Ionization, and a New Generation of Atmospheric Pressure Ion Sources. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2013; 2:S0007. [PMID: 24349926 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of DART and DESI sources approximately seven years ago led to the development of a new series of atmospheric pressure ion sources referred to as "ambient ionization" sources. These fall into two major categories: spray techniques like DESI or plasma techniques like DART. The selectivity of "direct ionization," meaning analysis without chromatography and with little or no sample preparation, depends on the mass spectrometer selectivity. Although high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry are valuable tools, rapid and simple sample preparation methods can improve the utility of ambient ionization methods. The concept of ambient ionization has led to the realization that there are many more ways to form ions than might be expected. An interesting example is the use of a flint-and-steel spark source to generate ions from compounds such as phenolphthalein and Gramicidin S.
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Zhan X, Zhao Z, Yuan X, Wang Q, Li D, Xie H, Li X, Zhou M, Duan Y. Microwave-Induced Plasma Desorption/Ionization Source for Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4512-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400296v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zhan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meigui Zhou
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research
Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical
Testing Center and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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34
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Yang H, Wan D, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Argon Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry in Conjunction with Makeup Solvents: A Method for Analysis of Labile Compounds. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1305-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3026543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Changchun
Institute of Applied
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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35
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Monge ME, Harris GA, Dwivedi P, Fernández FM. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2269-308. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Glenn A. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry and
the Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Prabha Dwivedi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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36
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Chang C, Xu G, Bai Y, Zhang C, Li X, Li M, Liu Y, Liu H. Online Coupling of Capillary Electrophoresis with Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303450v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gege Xu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengsen Zhang
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of
Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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37
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Chang C, Zhou Z, Yang Y, Han Y, Bai Y, Zhao M, Liu H. Normal phase LC coupled with direct analysis in real time MS for the chiral analysis of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and jasmonic acid. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3387-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Zhigui Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Youyou Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Yehua Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing; P. R. China
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38
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Park SG, Murray KK. Infrared laser ablation sample transfer for on-line liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1322-1326. [PMID: 23019163 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated an on-line laser ablation sampling system and coupling of the system to liquid chromatography (LC) using an infrared (IR) laser to ablate and transfer materials into a flowing solvent stream. With this approach, samples are deposited on a microscope slide mounted on a translation stage and ablated in transmission geometry using a pulsed mid-IR laser. The ablated material is captured in an exposed flowing solvent stream that carries the ablated material to the electrospray source. Post-ablation separation is accomplished using a capillary column downstream of the capture zone. The performance of the system was assessed using peptide and protein mixtures ablated from the target and analyzed with and without LC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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39
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Liu Y, Miao Z, Lakshmanan R, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Loo JA, Chen H. Signal and Charge Enhancement for Protein Analysis by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Desorption Electrospray Ionization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 325-327:161-166. [PMID: 25878557 PMCID: PMC4394628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported the use of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) as a novel interface to couple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with mass spectrometry (MS) (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4171). One of the benefits of such an interface is that post-column derivatization of separated analytes can be integrated with ionization via a "reactive" DESI approach in which a derivatizing reagent is doped into the spray solvent. The reactive DESI interface allows analyte desorption/ionization from the end of the chromatographic column with prompt MS detection; a short time delay of ~20 ms was demonstrated. In this study, we extended this application by "supercharging" proteins following HPLC separation using a DESI spray solvent containing supercharging reagents, m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) or sulfolane. Proteins (insulin, ubiquitin, lysozyme and α-lactalbumin) eluted out of the LC column can be supercharged with the protein charge state distributions (CSDs) significantly increased (to higher charge), which would be advantageous for subsequent top-down MS analysis of proteins. Interestingly, supercharging combined with reactive DESI enhances tolerance towards trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which is known to be a superior additive in the mobile phase for premium peptide/protein chromatographic separation but has severe signal suppression effects for conventional electrospray ionization (ESI). In comparison to electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), a variant form of ESI, the sensitivity of protein analysis using LC/DESI-MS with the mobile phase containing TFA can be improved by up to 70-fold for lysozyme and α-lactalbumin by including m-NBA in the DESI spray solvent. Presumably, by reducing TFA dissociation in the droplet, supercharging agents lower trifluoroacetate anion concentrations and concomitantly reduce ion pairing to analyte cationic sites. The reduced ion pairing therefore decreases the TFA signal suppression effect. The supercharging capability and the reduction of TFA signal suppression suggest that LC/DESI-MS is a valuable method for protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Zhixin Miao
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rajeswari Lakshmanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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40
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Himmelsbach M. 10 years of MS instrumental developments--impact on LC-MS/MS in clinical chemistry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 883-884:3-17. [PMID: 22177236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful and indispensable analytical tool that is widely applied in many areas of chemistry, medicine, pharmaceutics and biochemistry. In this review recent MS instrumental developments are presented as part of a special issue covering various aspects of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clinical chemistry. Improvements, new inventions as well as new combinations in ion source technology are described focusing on dual or multimode sources and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Increasing demands regarding sensitivity, accuracy, resolution and both quantitation and identification guarantee on-going improvements in mass analyzer technology. This paper discusses new hybrid MS instruments that can perform novel scan modes as well as high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) that finally seem to be able to overcome, or at least significantly reduce, their weaknesses in quantitative applications. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IMMS) itself is not an invention of the last 10 years, but a lot of progress was made within the last decade that reveals the potential benefits of this combination. This is clearly reflected by the increased number of commercially available instruments and the various designs of IMMS are covered in detail in this review. Selected applications for all these instrumental developments are given focusing on the perspective of clinical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
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41
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Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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42
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Huang MZ, Cheng SC, Cho YT, Shiea J. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:1-15. [PMID: 21819855 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Beißmann S, Buchberger W, Hertsens R, Klampfl CW. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry: Investigations on gradient elution and influence of complex matrices on signal intensities. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Harris GA, Galhena AS, Fernández FM. Ambient sampling/ionization mass spectrometry: applications and current trends. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4508-38. [PMID: 21495690 DOI: 10.1021/ac200918u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Harris
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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45
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Zhang Y, Yuan Z, Dewald HD, Chen H. Coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4171-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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