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Telgmann L, Horn H. The behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds and contrast agents during wastewater treatment - Combining sampling strategies and analytical techniques: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174344. [PMID: 38964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Telgmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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2
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Vasantha Raman N, Gebreyohanes Belay BM, South J, Botha TL, Pegg J, Khosa D, Mofu L, Walsh G, Jordaan MS, Koelmans AA, Teurlincx S, Helmsing NR, de Jong N, van Donk E, Lürling M, Wepener V, Fernandes TV, de Senerpont Domis LN. Effect of an antidepressant on aquatic ecosystems in the presence of microplastics: A mesocosm study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124439. [PMID: 38942279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and microplastics have become a pressing concern due to their widespread presence and potential impacts on ecological systems. To assess the ecosystem-level effects of these pollutants within a multi-stressor context, we simulated real-world conditions by exposing a near-natural multi-trophic aquatic food web to a gradient of environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine and microplastics in large mesocosms over a period of more than three months. We measured the biomass and abundance of different trophic groups, as well as ecological functions such as nutrient availability and decomposition rate. To explore the mechanisms underlying potential community and ecosystem-level effects, we also performed behavioral assays focusing on locomotion parameters as a response variable in three species: Daphnia magna (zooplankton prey), Chaoborus flavicans larvae (invertebrate pelagic predator of zooplankton) and Asellus aquaticus (benthic macroinvertebrate), using water from the mesocosms. Our mesocosm results demonstrate that presence of microplastics governs the response in phytoplankton biomass, with a weak non-monotonic dose-response relationship due to the interaction between microplastics and fluoxetine. However, exposure to fluoxetine evoked a strong non-monotonic dose-response in zooplankton abundance and microbial decomposition rate of plant material. In the behavioral assays, the locomotion of zooplankton prey D. magna showed a similar non-monotonic response primarily induced by fluoxetine. Its predator C. flavicans, however, showed a significant non-monotonic response governed by both microplastics and fluoxetine. The behavior of the decomposer A. aquaticus significantly decreased at higher fluoxetine concentrations, potentially leading to reduced decomposition rates near the sediment. Our study demonstrates that effects observed upon short-term exposure result in more pronounced ecosystem-level effects following chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Berte M Gebreyohanes Belay
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Josie South
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tarryn L Botha
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Josephine Pegg
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, EC, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Dumisani Khosa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa
| | - Lubabalo Mofu
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gina Walsh
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa
| | - Martine S Jordaan
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Makhanda, 6140, South Africa; CapeNature Scientific Services, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico R Helmsing
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nina de Jong
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Ecology and Biodiversity Research Group, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Tânia V Fernandes
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pervasive Systems, EEMCS, University of Twente & Department of Water Resources, ITC, University of Twente, the Netherlands
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3
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Robichaud K, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Craig PM. Venlafaxine exposure alters mitochondrial respiration and mitomiR abundance in zebrafish brains. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1569-1582. [PMID: 38695684 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent often releases pharmaceuticals like venlafaxine (a serotonin-norephinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant) to freshwater ecosystems at levels causing adverse metabolic effects on fish. Changes to fish metabolism can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms like microRNA (small RNA molecules that regulate mRNA translation), including regulating mitochondrial mRNAs. Nuclear-encoded microRNAs regulate mitochondrial gene expression in mammals, and have predicted effects in fish. We aimed to identify whether venlafaxine exposure changed mitochondrial respiration and resulted in differentially abundant mitochondrial microRNA (mitomiRs) in zebrafish brains. In vitro exposure of brain homogenate to below environmentally relevant concentrations of venlafaxine (<1 µg/L) caused a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, although this was not driven by changes to mitochondrial Complex I or II function. To identify whether these effects occur in vivo, zebrafish were exposed to 1 µg/L venlafaxine for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 96 h. In vivo, venlafaxine exposure had no significant effects on brain mitochondrial respiration; however, select mitomiRs (dre-miR-301a-5p, dre-miR-301b-3p, and dre-miR-301c-3p) were also measured, because they were bioinformatically predicted to regulate mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) abundance. These mitomiRs were differentially regulated based on venlafaxine exposure (with miR-301c-3p abundance differing during the day and miR-301b-3p being lower in exposed fish at night), and with respect to sex and time sampled. Overall, the results demonstrated that in vitro venlafaxine exposure to zebrafish brain caused a decrease in mitochondrial respiration, but these effects were not seen after acute in vivo exposure. Results may have differed because in vivo exposure allows for fish to mitigate effects through mechanisms that could include mitomiR regulation, and because fish were only acutely exposed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1569-1582. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Robichaud
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie M Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Zhao B, Yang G, Xie Z, Zhang N, Xia J, Liu X, Wang D, Wang P, Tang L. Efficient degradation of venlafaxine using intimately coupled high-active crystal facets exposed TiO 2 and biodegradation system: Kinetic studies, biofilm stress behavior and transformation mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121159. [PMID: 38759549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Intimately coupled photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) system is a potential wastewater treatment technology, of which TiO2-based ICPB system has been widely studied. There are many ways to improve the degradation efficiency of the ICPB process, but no crystal facet engineering method has been reported yet. In this work, a new ICPB system coated with NaF-TiO2 exposing high energy facets was designed to degrade biorecalcitrant psychotropic drug - venlafaxine (VNF). Initially, the TiO2 crystal surface was modified with NaF, resulting in the formation of NaF-TiO2 with a 14.4% increase in the exposure ratio of (001). The contribution rate of ·OH was increased by 9.5%, and the contribution rate of h+ was increased by 33.2%. Next, NaF-TiO2 was loaded onto the surface of the sponge carrier, and then the ICPB system was constructed after about 15 days of biofilm formation. After the ICPB system was acclimated with VNF, the removal rate of COD decreased significantly (the lowest was 62.7%), but that of ammonia nitrogen remained at 50.5 ± 6.0% and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion increased by 84.1 mg/g VSS. According to the high throughput results, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi together maintain the nitrogen removal capability and structural stability of the ICPB system. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly increased by 14.2%, suggesting that there may be some correlation between Bacteroidota and certain metabolites of the anti-depressant active ingredients. At the genus level, the Thauera (3.1%∼11.5%) is the major bacterial group that secretes EPS, protecting biofilm against external influences. Most of the changes in microorganisms are consistent with the decontamination properties and macroscopic appearance of EPS in the ICPB system. Finally, the degradation efficiency of ICPB system for VNF was investigated (92.7 ± 3.8%) and it was mostly through hydroxylation and demethylation pathways, with more small molecular products detected, providing the basis for biological assimilation of VNF. Collectively, the NaF-TiO2 based ICPB system would be lucrative for the future degradation of venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Guojing Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhouyun Xie
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Ni Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jingfen Xia
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China.
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Peier Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
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Liu Q, Deng Z, Chen H, Kim MS, Kim DH, Gu L, Lee JS, Yang Z. Changes in Induced-Antipredation Defense Traits and Transcriptome Regulations of Daphnia magna in Response to 5-HT 1A Receptor Antagonist. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7577-7587. [PMID: 38630542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The serotonin signaling system plays a crucial role in regulating the ontogeny of crustaceans. Here, we describe the effects of different concentrations of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor antagonist (WAY-100635) on the induced antipredation (Rhodeus ocellatus as the predator), morphological, behavioral, and life-history defenses of Daphnia magna and use transcriptomics to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that exposure to WAY-100635 leads to changes in the expression of different defensive traits in D. magna when faced with fish predation risks. Specifically, as the length of exposure to WAY-100635 increases, high concentrations of WAY-100635 inhibit defensive responses associated with morphological and reproductive activities but promote the immediate negative phototactic behavioral defense of D. magna. This change is related to the underlying mechanism through which WAY-100635 interferes with gene expression of G-protein-coupled GABA receptors by affecting GABBR1 but promotes serotonin receptor signaling and ecdysteroid signaling pathways. In addition, we also find for the first time that fish kairomone can significantly activate the HIF-1α signaling pathway, which may lead to an increase in the rate of immediate movement. These results can help assess the potential impacts of serotonin-disrupting psychotropic drugs on zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziyi Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huafang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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de Souza HM, de Almeida RF, Lopes AP, Hauser-Davis RA. Review: Fish bile, a highly versatile biomarker for different environmental pollutants. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 278:109845. [PMID: 38280442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Martins de Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Regina Fonsêca de Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pontes Lopes
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
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Raman NV, Dubey A, van Donk E, von Elert E, Lürling M, Fernandes TV, de Senerpont Domis LN. Understanding the differential impacts of two antidepressants on locomotion of freshwater snails (Lymnaea stagnalis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12406-12421. [PMID: 38233708 PMCID: PMC10869440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of negative impacts of antidepressants on behavior of aquatic non-target organisms. Accurate environmental risk assessment requires an understanding of whether antidepressants with similar modes of action have consistent negative impacts. Here, we tested the effect of acute exposure to two antidepressants, fluoxetine and venlafaxine (0-50 µg/L), on the behavior of non-target organism, i.e., freshwater pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. As compounds interact with chemical cues in the aquatic ecosystems, we also tested whether the effects altered in the presence of bile extract containing 5α-cyprinol sulfate (5α-CPS), a characterized kairomone of a natural predator, common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Behavior was studied using automated tracking and analysis of various locomotion parameters of L. stagnalis. Our results suggest that there are differences in the effects on locomotion upon exposure to venlafaxine and fluoxetine. We found strong evidence for a non-monotonic dose response on venlafaxine exposure, whereas fluoxetine only showed weak evidence of altered locomotion for a specific concentration. Combined exposure to compounds and 5α-CPS reduced the intensity of effects observed in the absence of 5α-CPS, possibly due to reduced bioavailability of the compounds. The results highlight the need for acknowledging different mechanisms of action among antidepressants while investigating their environmental risks. In addition, our results underline the importance of reporting non-significant effects and acknowledging individual variation in behavior for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Asmita Dubey
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric von Elert
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Biocenter, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tânia V Fernandes
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pervasive Systems, EEMCS, University of Twente & Department of Water Resources, ITC, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Wang A, Zhang J, Hu L, Yu Z, Lai S, Liu Y, Mai Z, Xu M. Trace analysis of 47 psychotropic medications in environmental samples by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr A 2024; 1715:464627. [PMID: 38171065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Psychotropic medications are one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world. Given their frequent detection and ecotoxicity to the no-target organism, the emission of these medications into environments has gradually draw attention. The study developed a sensitive and reliable analytic method to simultaneously investigate 47 psychotropic medications in four matrices: wastewater, surface water, activated sludge, and sediment by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). These 47 target analytes include 24 antidepressants, 17 antianxiety drugs, 5 anticonvulsants, and 1 relevant hormone. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was employed to extract analytes from water-phase samples. Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction method with Enhanced Matrix Removal clean-up (USE-EMR) was utilized to extract target compounds from solid-phase samples, which requires more straightforward and convenient procedures than previous methods. The extraction recoveries of all analytes ranged from 80 % to 120 % in these four sample matrices. In this study, The limit of quantitation for 47 psychotropic medications were 0.15 ng/L (estazolam) to 2.27 ng/L (lorazepam), 0.08 ng/L (desvenlafaxine) to 2 ng/L (mianserin), 0.22 ng/g (dry weight, dw) (nordiazepam) to 3.65 ng/g (dw) (lorazepam), and 0.07 ng/g (dw) (carbamazepine) to 2.85 ng/g (lorazepam), in wastewater, surface water, sludge, and sediment, respectively. In addition, the developed method was employed to analyse actual samples in two wastewater treatment plants and their receiving rivers. Carbamazepine, escitalopram, clozapine, desvenlafaxine, diazepam, lamotrigine, sertraline, temazepam, and venlafaxine were nearly ubiquitous in all matrices. Moreover, this study indicated that the inadequate removal efficiencies of psychotropic medications in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) had resulted in a persistent discharge of these contaminants from human sources into environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Lixin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Sihua Lai
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Yousheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Mai
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Ecological Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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9
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Al Shuraiqi A, Abed RMM, Al-Habsi A, Barry MJ. Personality Affects Zebrafish Response to Sertraline. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:132-146. [PMID: 37861374 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is widely prescribed to treat anxiety and depression. Sertraline acts by blocking serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters systems and has been detected in surface waters globally, where it may impact fish behavior. We classified zebrafish personality on three behavioral axes, boldness, anxiety, and sociability, assigning fish as either high or low in each category. The fish were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 5, 50, 500, or 5000 ng/L sertraline (measured concentrations: <10, 21.3, 370, and 2200 ng/L, respectively) to assess changes in boldness, anxiety, and sociability after 7 and 28 days. We also measured shoaling behavior and response to an alarm cue, and determined the gut microbiome of a subset of fish. After 7 days there was no overall effect of sertraline on boldness, but there was an interaction between initial personality and sex, with a stronger impact on females classified as low-boldness personality. Sertraline reduced sociability in all treatments compared with the control, but there was again an interaction between sertraline and initial personality. Fish that were classified as low-sociability responded more strongly to sertraline. After 7 days, fish exposed to a nominal concentration of 5000 ng/L (2200 ng/L measured) showed higher anxiety than controls, with the overall pattern of initial behavior retained. After 28 days, similar patterns were observed, but with higher variation. There was only a weak association between the gut microbiome and personality. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering initial behavior, which can affect response to pollutants. Our results may also be applicable to human studies and provide a mechanism to explain why different individuals respond differently to the drug. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:132-146. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raeid M M Abed
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Aziz Al-Habsi
- Biology Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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10
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Orozco-Hernández JM, Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM, Santamaría-González GO, Rosales-Pérez KE, García-Medina S, Galar-Martínez M, Juan-Reyes NS. Acute exposure to fluoxetine leads to oxidative stress and hematological disorder in Danio rerio adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167391. [PMID: 37758136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is consistently introduced into the environment due to its ongoing consumption and inadequate removal by wastewater treatment plants. As a result, the scientific community has displayed a keen interest in investigating the potential toxicological effects associated with this medication. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of available data regarding the impact of FLX on blood parameters. With this in mind, this study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicological consequences of FLX at environmentally significant concentrations (5, 16, and 40 ng/L) following a 96-hour acute exposure blood parameters in Danio rerio fish. Moreover, the investigation encompassed an assessment of oxidative stress parameters to determine whether the drug could induce disruptions in the REDOX status of the fish. The findings unveiled that FLX prompted the induction of oxidative stress in various organs of the fish, encompassing the liver, gut, brain, and gills. Notably, the gills and brain exhibited heightened susceptibility to the drug's effects compared to other organs. Furthermore, following acute exposure to FLX, there was an upregulation of antioxidant-related genes (sod, cat, gpx, nrf1, and nrf2), thereby providing additional evidence supporting the induction of oxidative stress in the organs of the fish. Lastly, FLX significantly impacted the customary values of various blood parameters, including glucose, blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Thus, it can be inferred that FLX harmed the overall health status of the fish, resulting in the development of liver disease, anemia, and other associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Ofelia Santamaría-González
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Nely San Juan-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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11
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Zhu X, Luo T, Wang D, Zhao Y, Jin Y, Yang G. The occurrence of typical psychotropic drugs in the aquatic environments and their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165732. [PMID: 37495145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Psychotropic drugs (PDs) and their bioactive metabolites often persist in aquatic environments due to their typical physical properties, which made them resistant to removal by traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, such drugs and/or their metabolites are frequently detected in both aquatic environments and organisms. Even at low concentrations, these drugs can exhibit toxic effects on non-target organisms including bony fish (zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnows) and bivalves (freshwater mussels and clams). This narrative review focuses on the quintessential representatives of three different categories of PDs-antiepileptics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The data regarding their concentrations occurring in the environment, patterns of distribution, the degree of enrichment in various tissues of aquatic organisms, and the toxicological effects on them are summarized. The toxicological assessments of these drugs included the evaluation of their effects on the reproductive, embryonic development, oxidative stress-related, neurobehavioral, and genetic functions in various experimental models. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PDs to aquatic organisms and their potential health risks to humans remain unclear. Most studies have focused on the effects caused by acute short-term exposure due to limitations in the experimental conditions, thus making it necessary to investigate the chronic toxic effects at concentrations that are in coherence with those occurring in the environment. Additionally, this review aims to raise awareness and stimulate further research efforts by highlighting the gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms behind PD-induced toxicity and potential health risks. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of developing advanced remediation methods for the removal of PDs in WWTPs and encourages a broader discussion on mitigating their environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China.
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12
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Imiuwa ME, Baynes A, Routledge EJ. Understanding target-specific effects of antidepressant drug pollution on molluscs: A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287582. [PMID: 37368915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental prevalence of widely prescribed human pharmaceuticals that target key evolutionary conserved biomolecules present across phyla is concerning. Antidepressants, one of the most widely consumed pharmaceuticals globally, have been developed to target biomolecules modulating monoaminergic neurotransmission, thus interfering with the endogenous regulation of multiple key neurophysiological processes. Furthermore, rising prescription and consumption rates of antidepressants caused by the burgeoning incidence of depression is consistent with increasing reports of antidepressant detection in aquatic environments worldwide. Consequently, there are growing concerns that long-term exposure to environmental levels of antidepressants may cause adverse drug target-specific effects on non-target aquatic organisms. While these concerns have resulted in a considerable body of research addressing a range of toxicological endpoints, drug target-specific effects of environmental levels of different classes of antidepressants in non-target aquatic organisms remain to be understood. Interestingly, evidence suggests that molluscs may be more vulnerable to the effects of antidepressants than any other animal phylum, making them invaluable in understanding the effects of antidepressants on wildlife. Here, a protocol for the systematic review of literature to understand drug target-specific effects of environmental levels of different classes of antidepressants on aquatic molluscs is described. The study will provide critical insight needed to understand and characterize effects of antidepressants relevant to regulatory risk assessment decision-making, and/or direct future research efforts. METHODS The systematic review will be conducted in line with the guidelines by the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE). A literature search on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, as well as grey literature databases, will be carried out. Using predefined criteria, study selection, critical appraisal and data extraction will be done by multiple reviewers with a web-based evidence synthesis platform. A narrative synthesis of outcomes of selected studies will be presented. The protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) registry with the registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/P4H8W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice E Imiuwa
- Faculty of life Sciences, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Baynes
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J Routledge
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
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13
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Shen Y, Wang S, Lu Y, Chen K, Luo L, Hao C. Computational Study of Photodegradation Process and Conversion Products of the Antidepressant Citalopram in Water. Molecules 2023; 28:4620. [PMID: 37375177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citalopram (CIT) is a commonly prescribed medication for depression. However, the photodegradation mechanism of CIT has not yet been fully analyzed. Therefore, the photodegradation process of CIT in water is studied by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The calculated results show that during the indirect photodegradation process, the indirect photodegradation of CIT with ·OH occurs via OH-addition and F-substitution. The minimum activation energy of C10 site was 0.4 kcal/mol. All OH-addition and F-substitution reactions are exothermic. The reaction of 1O2 with CIT includes the substitution of 1O2 for F and an addition reaction at the C14 site. The Ea value of this process is 1.7 kcal/mol, which is the lowest activation energy required for the reaction of 1O2 with CIT. C-C/C-N/C-F cleavage is involved in the direct photodegradation process. In the direct photodegradation of CIT, the activation energy of the C7-C16 cleavage reaction was the lowest, which was 12.5 kcal/mol. Analysis of the Ea values found that OH-addition and F-substitution, the substitution of 1O2 for F and addition at the C14 site, as well as the cleavage reactions of C6-F/C7-C16/C17-C18/C18-N/C19-N/C20-N are the main pathways of photodegradation of CIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Se Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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14
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Kharazmi F, Hosseini FS, Ebrahimzadeh H. Polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid/β-cyclodextrin/CuONP composite nanofibers as an effective and green absorbent for the simultaneous extraction of three antidepressant drugs in biological fluids prior to GC-FID analysis. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:218. [PMID: 37178178 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Composite nanofibers, namely, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), citric acid (CA), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and copper oxide nanoparticles (PVA/CA/β-cyclodextrin/CuO NPs), were developed as a novel, green, and efficient adsorbent in the pipette tip-micro-solid-phase extraction method (PT-µSPE), for the simultaneous extraction of three antidepressants drugs namely imipramine (IMP), citalopram (CIT), and clozapine (CLZ) in biological fluids before quantification by gas chromatography (GC-FID). Based on the obtained results from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the successful synthesis of composite nanofibers was approved. Due to the presence of β-cyclodextrins and CuO NPs rich of functional groups on their surface, the nanofibers have high extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for imipramine, citalopram, and clozapine was 0.1 to 1000.0 ng mL-1 with a determination coefficient ≥ 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range 0.03 to 0.15 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviation was 4.8 to 8.7% (within-day, n = 4) and 5.1 to 9.2% (between-day, n = 3) for 3 consecutive days. In addition, excellent clean-up was achieved which is a great advantage over other sample preparation methods. Finally, the ability of the developed method to extract the target analytes from the biological samples was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Kharazmi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Rodrigues P, Guimarães L, Carvalho AP, Oliva-Teles L. Carbamazepine, venlafaxine, tramadol, and their main metabolites: Toxicological effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130909. [PMID: 36860067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites are found in natural and wastewater. However, investigation of their toxic effects on aquatic animals has been neglected, especially for metabolites. This work investigated the effects of the main metabolites of carbamazepine, venlafaxine and tramadol. Zebrafish embryos were exposed (0.1-100 µg/L) for 168hpf exposures to each metabolite (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, N-desmethylvenlafaxine, O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol) or the parental compound. A concentration-response relationship was found for the effects of some embryonic malformations. Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, O-desmethylvenlafaxine and tramadol elicited the highest malformation rates. All compounds significantly decreased larvae responses on a sensorimotor assay compared to controls. Altered expression was found for most of the 32 tested genes. In particular, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2a, nrf2, pparg and raraa were found to be affected by all three drug groups. For each group, the modelled expression patterns showed differences in expression between parental compounds and metabolites. Potential biomarkers of exposure were identified for the venlafaxine and carbamazepine groups. These results are worrying, indicating that such contamination in aquatic systems may put natural populations at significant risk. Furthermore, metabolites represent a real risk that needs more scrutinising by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A P Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - CIIMAR, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences - Biology Department, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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16
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Hosseini FS, Kharazmi F, Davarani SSH, Ebrahimzadeh H. Development of electrospun nanofibers based on Poly (vinyl alcohol) for thin film solid-phase microextraction of antidepressant drugs in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463984. [PMID: 37084693 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Today, antidepressants are widely used and it is important to determine their trace amounts due to harmful consequences. Here, a new nano sorbent was reported for the simultaneous extraction and determination of three types of antidepressant drugs (Clomipramine (CLO), Clozapine (CLZ), and Trimipramine (TRP) by the thin-film solid-phase micro-extraction (TFME-μSPE) method followed by the Gas Chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. So, the compound poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/citric acid(CA)/β-cyclodextrin/Bi2S3@g-C3N4 nano sorbent was constructed by electrospinning technique. Then, nano sorbent was studied to optimize the many parameters impacting the extraction performance. Electrospun nanofiber has a large surface area, high porosity, and homogeneous morphology with a uniform bead-free structure. In optimal conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were calculated to be 0.15-0.03 ng mL-1 and 0.5-0.1 ng mL-1, respectively. The dynamic linear range (DLR) was in the range of 0.1 to 1000 ng mL-1 for CLO and CLZ, and 0.5 to 1000 ng mL-1 for TRP with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.999. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were achieved in the range of 4.9-6.8% (intra-day, n = 4) and 5.4-7.9% (inter-day, n = 3) in the period of 3 days. Finally, the capability of the method was evaluated to simultaneously measure trace amounts of antidepressants aqueous sample with desirable extraction efficiency (78 to 95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Kharazmi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Weber AV, Firth BL, Cadonic IG, Craig PM. Interactive effects of venlafaxine and thermal stress on zebrafish (Danio rerio) inflammatory and heat shock responses. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 269:109620. [PMID: 37004898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VFX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant often detected in wastewater effluent, and acute temperature elevations from climate change and increased urbanization, are two environmental stressors currently placing freshwater ecosystems at risk. This study focused on understanding if exposure to VFX impacts the agitation temperature (Tag) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Additionally, we examined the interactive effects of VFX and acute thermal stress on zebrafish heat shock and inflammatory immune responses. A 96 h 1.0 μg/L VFX exposure experiment was conducted, followed by assessment of thermal tolerance via CTmax challenge. Heat shock proteins and pro-inflammatory immune cytokines were quantified through gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR (qPCR) on hsp 70, hsp 90, hsp 47, il-8, tnfα, and il-1β within gill and liver tissue. No significant changes in agitation temperature between control and exposed fish were observed, nor were there any differences in CTmax based on treatment. Unsurprisingly, hsp 47, 70, and 90 were all upregulated in groups exposed solely to CTmax, while only hsp 47 within gill tissue showed signs of interactive effects, which was significantly decreased in fish exposed to both VFX and CTmax. No induction of an inflammatory response occurred. This study demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of VFX have no impact on thermal tolerance performance in zebrafish. However, VFX can cause diminished function of protective heat shock mechanisms, which could be detrimental to freshwater fish populations and aquatic ecosystems as temperature spikes become more frequent from climate change and urbanization near watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Weber
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@Britney_Firth
| | - I G Cadonic
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. https://twitter.com/@IvanCadonic
| | - P M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Correia D, Domingues I, Faria M, Oliveira M. Effects of fluoxetine on fish: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159486. [PMID: 36257440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is one of the most studied and detected selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the aquatic environment, found at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. Its presence in this environment can induce effects on aquatic organisms that may compromise their fitness. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that fluoxetine can induce neurotoxicity, genetic and biochemical changes, and cause behavioral dysfunction in a wide range of fish species. However, contradictory results can be found. There is thus the need for a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on the effects of fluoxetine on fish at different levels of biological organization, highlighting inclusive patterns and discussing the potential causes for the contradictory results, that can be found in the available literature. This review also aims to explore and identify the main gaps in knowledge and areas for future research. We conclude that environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine (e.g., from 0.00345 μg/L) produced adverse effects and often this concentration range is not addressed in conventional environmental risk assessment strategies. Its environmental persistence and ionizable properties reinforce the need for standardized testing with representative aquatic models, targeting endpoints sensitive to the specific mode of action of fluoxetine, in order to assess and rank its actual environmental risk to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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19
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Gao Z, Li P, Lin H, Lin W, Ren Y. Biomarker selection strategies based on compound stability in wastewater-based epidemiology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5516-5529. [PMID: 36418835 PMCID: PMC9684832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The specific compositions of human excreta in sewage can be used as biomarkers to indicate the disease prevalence, health status, and lifestyle of the population living in the investigated catchment. It is important for guiding and evaluating public health policies as well as promoting human health development. Among several parameters of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), the decay of biomarkers during transportation in sewer and storage plays a crucial role in the back-calculation of population consumption. In this paper, we summarized the stability data of common biomarkers in storage at different temperatures and in-sewer transportation. Among them, cardiovascular drugs and antidiabetic drugs are very stable which can be used as biomarkers; most of the illicit drugs are stable except for cocaine, heroin, and tetrahydrocannabinol which could be substituted by their metabolites as biomarkers. There are some losses for part of antibiotics and antidepressants even in frozen storage. Rapid detection of contagious viruses is a new challenge for infectious disease control. With the deeper and broader study of biomarkers, it is expected that the reliable application of the WBE will be a useful addition to epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Gao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Li
- Datansha Branch of Guangzhou Sewage Treatment Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510163, China
| | - Han Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institution, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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20
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Antonopoulou M, Dormousoglou M, Spyrou A, Dimitroulia AA, Vlastos D. An overall assessment of the effects of antidepressant paroxetine on aquatic organisms and human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158393. [PMID: 36044951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paroxetine (PRX) is one of the most used antidepressants and an emerging contaminant with potential harmful effects to the environment and human health. The present study investigates in detail the toxic potential of PRX using a battery of bioassays on fresh- and marine species, marine bacteria, and human lymphocytes. All the tested organisms and human lymphocytes were exposed at concentrations ranging from μg L-1 to mg L-1. It was found that PRX can cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms at environmental relevant concentrations (μg L-1 level). A significant effect of PRX was observed in all tested algal species especially at the first 24 h. However, differences in responses and sensitivities among the tested algal species were observed. The most sensitive organism was found to be Dunaliella tertiolecta with IC50 = 0.092 mg L-1 (72 h). In the case of Aliivibrio fischeri, EC50 values were determined to be 16.65, 14.31 and 14.41 mg L-1 for 5, 15 and 30 min of exposure, respectively. PRX also induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. A dose-dependent increase in micronucleus frequencies was occurred at all tested concentrations with a statistically significant increase in micronucleus frequencies at the medium to high PRX tested concentrations. The findings of the present study expand the available toxicity profile of PRX on aquatic organisms and the knowledge about the potential risk of PRX to induce genotoxic effects in cultured human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
| | | | - Alexandra Spyrou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
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21
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Akao PK, Kaplan A, Avisar D, Dhir A, Avni A, Mamane H. Removal of carbamazepine, venlafaxine and iohexol from wastewater effluent using coupled microalgal-bacterial biofilm. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136399. [PMID: 36099989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the removal capacity of a coupled microalgal-bacterial biofilm (CMBB) to eliminate three recalcitrant pharmaceuticals. The CMBB's efficiency, operating at different biofilm concentrations, with or without light, was compared and analyzed to correlate these parameters to pharmaceutical removal and their effect on the microorganism community. Removal rates changed with changing pharmaceutical and biofilm concentrations: higher biofilm concentrations presented higher removal. Removal of 82-94% venlafaxine and 18-51% carbamazepine was obtained with 5 days of CMBB treatment. No iohexol removal was observed. Light, microorganism composition, and dissolved oxygen concentration are essential parameters governing the removal of pharmaceuticals and ammonia. Chlorophyll concentration increased with time, even in the dark. Three bacterial phyla were dominant: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The dominant eukaryotic supergroups were Archaeplastida, Excavata and SAR. A study of the microorganisms' community indicated that not only do the species in the biofilm play an important role; environment, concentration and interactions among them are also important. CMBB has the potential to provide low-cost and sustainable treatment for wastewater and recalcitrant pharmaceutical removal. The microenvironments on the biofilm created by the microalgae and bacteria improved treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Akao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel; The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Aviv Kaplan
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- The Water Research Center, Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Dhir
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 69978, India
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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22
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Schumann PG, Meade EB, Zhi H, LeFevre GH, Kolpin DW, Meppelink SM, Iwanowicz LR, Lane RF, Schmoldt A, Mueller O, Klaper RD. RNA-seq reveals potential gene biomarkers in fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas) for exposure to treated wastewater effluent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1708-1724. [PMID: 35938375 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Discharged wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent greatly contributes to the generation of complex mixtures of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquatic environments which often contain neuropharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants that may impact neurological function. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the neurological impacts of these exposures to aquatic organisms. In this study, caged fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed in situ in a temperate-region effluent-dominated stream (i.e., Muddy Creek) in Coralville, Iowa, USA upstream and downstream of a WWTP effluent outfall. The pharmaceutical composition of Muddy Creek was recently characterized by our team and revealed many compounds there were at a low microgram to high nanogram per liter concentration. Total RNA sequencing analysis on brain tissues revealed 280 gene isoforms that were significantly differentially expressed in male fish and 293 gene isoforms in female fish between the upstream and downstream site. Only 66 (13%) of such gene isoforms overlapped amongst male and female fish, demonstrating sex-dependent impacts on neuronal gene expression. By using a systems biology approach paired with functional enrichment analyses, we identified several potential novel gene biomarkers for treated effluent exposure that could be used to expand monitoring of environmental effects with respect to complex CEC mixtures. Lastly, when comparing the results of this study to those that relied on a single-compound approach, there was relatively little overlap in terms of gene-specific effects. This discovery brings into question the application of single-compound exposures in accurately characterizing environmental risks of complex mixtures and for gene biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma B Meade
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Hui Zhi
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olaf Mueller
- Great Lakes Genomics Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebecca D Klaper
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
- Great Lakes Genomics Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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23
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Pronschinske MA, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Furlong ET, Ankley GT, Blackwell BR, Villeneuve DL, Lenaker PL, Nott MA. Prioritizing Pharmaceutical Contaminants in Great Lakes Tributaries Using Risk-Based Screening Techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2221-2239. [PMID: 35852176 PMCID: PMC9542422 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In a study of 44 diverse sampling sites across 16 Great Lakes tributaries, 110 pharmaceuticals were detected of 257 monitored. The present study evaluated the ecological relevance of detected chemicals and identified heavily impacted areas to help inform resource managers and guide future investigations. Ten pharmaceuticals (caffeine, nicotine, albuterol, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, metoprolol, and thiabendazole) were distinguished as having the greatest potential for biological effects based on comparison to screening-level benchmarks derived using information from two biological effects databases, the ECOTOX Knowledgebase and the ToxCast database. Available evidence did not suggest substantial concern for 75% of the monitored pharmaceuticals, including 147 undetected pharmaceuticals and 49 pharmaceuticals with screening-level alternative benchmarks. However, because of a lack of biological effects information, screening values were not available for 51 detected pharmaceuticals. Samples containing the greatest pharmaceutical concentrations and having the highest detection frequencies were from Lake Erie, southern Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron tributaries. Samples collected during low-flow periods had higher pharmaceutical concentrations than those collected during increased-flow periods. The wastewater-treatment plant effluent content in streams correlated positively with pharmaceutical concentrations. However, deviation from this correlation demonstrated that secondary factors, such as multiple pharmaceutical sources, were likely present at some sites. Further research could investigate high-priority pharmaceuticals as well as those for which alternative benchmarks could not be developed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2221-2239. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Laura A. DeCicco
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- Laboratory & Analytical Services DivisionUS Geological SurveyDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Peter L. Lenaker
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Michelle A. Nott
- Upper Midwest Water Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMadisonWisconsinUSA
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24
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Ribeiro O, Félix L, Ribeiro C, Castro B, Tiritan ME, Monteiro SM, Carrola JS. Enantioselective Ecotoxicity of Venlafaxine in Aquatic Organisms: Daphnia and Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1851-1864. [PMID: 35452529 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Venlafaxine is a chiral antidepressant detected in aquatic compartments. It was recently included in the 3rd Watch List from the European Union. The present study aimed to investigate venlafaxine toxicity effects, targeting possible enantioselective effects, using two aquatic organisms, daphnia (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Specimens were exposed to both racemate, (R,S)-venlafaxine (VEN), and to pure enantiomers. Acute assays with daphnia showed that up to 50 000 μg/L of the (R,S)-VEN induced no toxicity. Organisms were also exposed to sublethal concentrations (25-400 μg/L) of (R,S)-, (R)- and (S)-VEN, for 21 days. No significant effects on mortality, age at first reproduction, and size of the first clutch were observed. However, a decrease in fecundity was observed for both enantiomers at the highest concentration. Regarding zebrafish, the effects of venlafaxine on mortality, embryo development, behavior, biochemistry, and melanin pigmentation were investigated after 96 h of exposure to the range of 0.3-3000 μg/L. (R)-VEN significantly increased the percentage of malformations in comparison with (S)-VEN. Behavior was also enantiomer dependent, with a decrease in the total distance moved and an increase in avoidance behavior observed in organisms exposed to (R)-VEN. Despite the biochemical variations, no changes in redox homeostasis were observed. (R)-VEN also led to an increase in zebrafish pigmentation. The different susceptibility to venlafaxine and enantioselective effects were observed in zebrafish. Our results suggest that at environmental levels (R,S)-VEN and pure enantiomers are not expected to induce harmful effects in both organisms, but (R)-VEN increased malformations in zebrafish larvae, even at reported environmental levels. These results highlight the importance of including enantioselective studies for an accurate risk assessment of chiral pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1851-1864. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondina Ribeiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Castro
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Mariza Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João Soares Carrola
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, Vila Real, Portugal
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25
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The Antidepressants Amitriptyline and Paroxetine Induce Changes in the Structure and Functional Traits of Marine Nematodes. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of the antidepressants amitriptyline and paroxetine were determined recently in marine habitats. However, their impact on marine biota is understudied, despite multiple undesirable effects they have on the environment. An important behavioral aspect that is increasingly measured following exposure to contaminants is the migration of fauna from contaminated areas. Hence, our aim was to better understand the migration pattern of marine meiobenthic fauna, but with a main focus on nematodes, following the exposure to both antidepressants, alone or in mixture. The experiment was carried out in microcosms, which comprised an uncontaminated upper and a lower contaminated compartment, where amitriptyline was added, alone or mixed with paroxetine, at concentrations of 0.4 and 40 µg L−1. The overall abundance of meiobenthic groups decreased significantly following exposure to amitriptyline in both compartments, a pattern augmented by the mixture with paroxetine. The migration of nematodes towards the upper compartments of microcosms was triggered by the level of contamination with antidepressants. As such, the species Terschellingia longicaudata showed no significant change in abundance, suggesting tolerance to both antidepressants. On the other hand, the abundances of nematode taxa Cyatholaimus prinzi, Calomicrolaimus sp., Calomicrolaimus honestus, Neochromadora sp., Chromadorina sp. and Chromadorina minor decreased significantly following the exposure to both antidepressants, even at low concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the dominant migratory nematodes belonged to deposit-feeders and omnivores-carnivores trophic guilds, with tail shapes of e/f types and body-sizes longer than 2 mm. Such functional traits increase their mobility in sediments and the chance to move away from contaminated habitats. Moreover, the sex ratio was imbalanced in the favor of males in contaminated lower compartments with mixtures of the lowest and highest concentrations of amitriptyline and paroxetine, suggesting that these drugs also affect the hormone system. In conclusion, the exposure to the antidepressants amitriptyline and paroxetine triggered important changes within nematode communities, as changes in taxonomic composition were a result of migration and survival of tolerant taxa, but equally acting on the hormone system and leading to unbalanced sex-ratio among the residents.
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26
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Yun D, Kang D, Jang J, Angeles AT, Pyo J, Jeon J, Baek SS, Cho KH. A novel method for micropollutant quantification using deep learning and multi-objective optimization. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 212:118080. [PMID: 35114526 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants (MPs) released into aquatic ecosystems have adverse effects on public health. Hence, monitoring and managing MPs in aquatic systems are imperative. MPs can be quantified by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with stable isotope-labeled (SIL) standards. However, high cost of SIL solutions is a significant issue. This study aims to develop a rapid and cost-effective analytical approach to estimate MP concentrations in aquatic systems based on deep learning (DL) and multi-objective optimization. We hypothesized that internal standards could quantify the MP concentrations other than the target substance. Our approach considered the precision of intra-/inter-day repeatability and natural organic matter information to reduce instrumental error and matrix effect. We selected standard solutions to estimate the concentrations of 18 MPs. Among the optimal DL models, DarkNet-53 using nine standard solutions yielded the highest performance, while ResNet-50 yielded the lowest. Overall, this study demonstrated the capability of DL models for estimating MP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Yun
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Jiyi Jang
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Anne Therese Angeles
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - JongCheol Pyo
- Center for Environmental Data Strategy, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, South Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea; School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo, 51140, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-Si, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.
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27
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Chronic Effects of Fluoxetine on Danio rerio: A Biochemical and Behavioral Perspective. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant widely used to treat depressive and anxiety states. Due to its mode of action in the central nervous system (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)), it becomes toxic to non-target organisms, leading to changes that are harmful to their survival. In this work, the effects of fluoxetine on juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio) were evaluated, assessing biochemical (phase II biotransformation—glutathione S-transferase (GST), neurotransmission—acetylcholinesterase (ChE), energy metabolism—lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and oxidative stress—glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and behavior endpoints (swimming behavior, social behavior, and thigmotaxis) after 21 days exposure to 0 (control), 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Biochemically, although chronic exposure did not induce significant effects on neurotransmission and energy metabolism, GPx activity was decreased after exposure to 10 µg/L of fluoxetine. At a behavioral level, exploratory and social behavior was not affected. However, changes in the swimming pattern of exposed fish were observed in light and dark periods (decreased locomotor activity). Overall, the data show that juvenile fish chronically exposed to fluoxetine may exhibit behavioral changes, affecting their ability to respond to environmental stressors and the interaction with other fish.
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28
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Salahinejad A, Attaran A, Meuthen D, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Proximate causes and ultimate effects of common antidepressants, fluoxetine and venlafaxine, on fish behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150846. [PMID: 34626640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant (AD) drugs are widely prescribed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders. The continuous use of ADs causes significant quantities of these bioactive chemicals to enter the aquatic ecosystems mainly through wastewater effluent discharge. This may result in many aquatic organisms being inadvertently affected by these drugs. Fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN) are currently among the most widely detected ADs in aquatic systems. A growing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that FLX and VEN have a substantial capacity to induce neurotoxicity and cause behavioral dysfunctions in a wide range of teleost species. At the same time, these studies often report seemingly contradictory results that are confounding in nature. Hence, we clearly require comprehensive reviews that attempt to find overarching patterns and establish possible causes for these variable results. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of FLX and VEN on fishes. This study also discusses the potential mechanistic linkage between the neurotoxicity of ADs and behavioral dysfunction and identifies key knowledge gaps and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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29
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Guo Y, Guo Z, Wang J, Ye Z, Zhang L, Niu J. Photodegradation of three antidepressants in natural waters: Important roles of dissolved organic matter and nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149825. [PMID: 34450438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants have become ubiquitous emerging organic pollutants. Therefore, it is essential to investigate photodegradation of the antidepressants in environment waters for their ecological risk assessment. However, photodegradation behavior of antidepressants varied from different structures and photodegradation mechanism was rarely known for most antidepressants. Herein, citalopram (CIT), paroxetine (PAR) and fluvoxamine (FLUVO) were employed to study the photodegradation behavior of antidepressants in lake water. Results show that direct photolysis of CIT decreased when pH increased from 6 to 9 while the pH effect was not obvious on direct photolysis of FLUVO and PAR. Photodegradation of CIT occurred from its triplet-state and can undergo self-photosensitization through reaction with the generated hydroxyl radical (·OH). In lake water, PAR and FLUVO are degraded mainly via direct photolysis, while CIT is transformed mainly via indirect photolysis. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and NO3- was proved to be the main factors affecting antidepressants photodegradation in lake water. DOM and NO3- showed inhibition effect on photodegradation of FLUVO and PAR, while promoted CIT degradation. The promotion effect of CIT was mainly through reaction with ·OH and excited triplet-state of DOM while singlet oxygen played a minor role. Based on the photodegradation products identified by MS/MS, the photodegradation pathways were proposed for CIT and PAR, respectively. For FLUVO, one (Z)-isomer degradation product was also found. Understanding the photodegradation behavior of antidepressants is vital for providing data to do ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Guo
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhongyu Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Zimi Ye
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Khulu S, Ncube S, Nuapia Y, Madikizela LM, Tutu H, Richards H, Ndungu K, Mavhunga E, Chimuka L. Multivariate optimization of a two-way technique for extraction of pharmaceuticals in surface water using a combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131973. [PMID: 34426269 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates development and evaluation of a two-way technique based on the combination of membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MASE-MIP) for selective and efficient extraction of five selected pharmaceuticals belonging to five different therapeutic classes. The pharmaceuticals were extracted from surface water samples followed by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF/MS) determination. A central composite design was applied to optimize the influence of the sample salt content, the stirring rate, the stirring time and the amount of MIP on the extraction of an anticonvulsant (carbamazepine), a cardiac stimulant (etilefrine), a muscle relaxant (methocarbamol), an antiretroviral (nevirapine) and an antidepressant (venlafaxine) from surface water. Optimization of the analytical method was performed by spiking water with a mixture of all five pharmaceuticals at 500 ng mL-1. Optimum extraction conditions for a sample volume of 18 mL were found to be 5 g of salt content, a stirring rate of 400 rpm, an extraction time of 60 min and 50 mg of MIP. The MASE-MIP-LC-qTOF/MS method gave detection and quantification limits ranging from 0.09 to 0.20 ng mL-1 and 0.31-0.69 ng mL-1, respectively. The spiked river water samples yielded recoveries ranging from 38 to 91% for the selected model compounds belonging to the five classes of pharmaceuticals. Upon the application of the developed analytical method in water analysis, all selected pharmaceuticals were detected in South African river water with nevirapine and venlafaxine being more prominent attaining the maximum concentrations of 1.64 and 2.48 ng mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinegugu Khulu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; School of Education, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Somandla Ncube
- Department of Chemistry, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, P.O Box 60, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa
| | - Yannick Nuapia
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; School of Animal, Plant, & Environmental Science, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1710, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Heidi Richards
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Kuria Ndungu
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research-NIVA, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Mavhunga
- School of Education, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.
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Gould SL, Winter MJ, Norton WHJ, Tyler CR. The potential for adverse effects in fish exposed to antidepressants in the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16299-16312. [PMID: 34856105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical classes for the treatment of psychiatric conditions. They act via modulation of brain monoaminergic signaling systems (predominantly serotonergic, adrenergic, dopaminergic) that show a high degree of structural conservation across diverse animal phyla. A reasonable assumption, therefore, is that exposed fish and other aquatic wildlife may be affected by antidepressants released into the natural environment. Indeed, there are substantial data reported for exposure effects in fish, albeit most are reported for exposure concentrations exceeding those occurring in natural environments. From a critical analysis of the available evidence for effects in fish, risk quotients (RQs) were derived from laboratory-based studies for a selection of antidepressants most commonly detected in the aquatic environment. We conclude that the likelihood for effects in fish on standard measured end points used in risk assessment (i.e., excluding effects on behavior) is low for levels of exposure occurring in the natural environment. Nevertheless, some effects on behavior have been reported for environmentally relevant exposures, and antidepressants can bioaccumulate in fish tissues. Limitations in the datasets used to calculate RQs revealed important gaps in which future research should be directed to more accurately assess the risks posed by antidepressants to fish. Developing greater certainty surrounding risk of antidepressants to fish requires more attention directed toward effects on behaviors relating to individual fitness, the employment of environmentally realistic exposure levels, on chronic exposure scenarios, and on mixtures analyses, especially given the wide range of similarly acting compounds released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gould
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Matthew J Winter
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K
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Soomro RA, Memon SA, Brohi ROZ, Brohi KM. Mn/Ni As Effective Catalyst for Photodegradation of Diclofenac in Aqueous Media. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pharmaceutical Compounds in Aquatic Environments-Occurrence, Fate and Bioremediation Prospective. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100257. [PMID: 34678953 PMCID: PMC8537644 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been detected in different ecosystems, posing a threat to living organisms and the environment. Pharmaceuticals are among the many CECs that enter the environment through different pathways, with wastewater treatment plants being the main input of these pollutants. Several technologies for the removal of these pollutants have been developed through the years, but there is still a lack of sustainable technologies suitable for being applied in natural environments. In this regard, solutions based on natural biological processes are attractive for the recovery of contaminated environments. Bioremediation is one of these natural-based solutions and takes advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to degrade different organic pollutants. Degradation of pollutants by native microorganisms is already known to be an important detoxification mechanism that is involved in natural attenuation processes that occur in the environment. Thus, bioremediation technologies based on the selection of natural degrading bacteria seem to be a promising clean-up technology suitable for application in natural environments. In this review, an overview of the occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals is carried out, in which bioremediation tools are explored for the removal of these pollutants from impacted environments.
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Poulopoulos SG, Ulykbanova G, Philippopoulos CJ. Photochemical mineralization of amoxicillin medicinal product by means of UV, hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide and iron. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2941-2949. [PMID: 31964229 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1720300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the photochemical degradation of amoxicillin and total organic carbon (TOC) removal in pharmaceutical aqueous solutions was studied using UV irradiation, titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and iron in a batch photoreactor operated for 120-150 min. The effect of the initial concentrations of the target compound, hydrogen peroxide and ferric ions and of their combination was examined. It was found that under direct UV photolysis, considerable TOC removals were obtained only when the initial concentration of amoxicillin (AM) was below 100 mg/L. For initial concentration of AM 250 mg/L, the TOC removals achieved were of no practical use (below 5%). The TOC removals achieved in the presence of TiO2 were lower than 20% in all cases. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 12.2-146.9 mmol/L and initial AM concentration 250 mg/L, for increasing H2O2 concentrations higher TOC removals were achieved up to the concentration of 73.4 mmol/L H2O2. The presence of even very small amounts of Fe(III) in the solution resulted in significantly increased TOC removals; 2.2 times higher than without Fe(III) after 120 min. Fe(III) presence accelerated dramatically the process during the first 60 min. The origin of Fe(III) ions was not important since practically the same results were obtained whether FeCl3 or Fe(NO3)3 was used as source of ferric ions. Adjusting the initial concentrations of AM, Fe(III) and H2O2, TOC removals above 90% were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros G Poulopoulos
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Ulykbanova
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
- Environmental Science & Technology Group (ESTg), Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Constantine J Philippopoulos
- Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Atzei A, Jense I, Zwart EP, Legradi J, Venhuis BJ, van der Ven LT, Heusinkveld HJ, Hessel EV. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Environmentally Relevant Pharmaceuticals and Mixtures Thereof in a Zebrafish Embryo Behavioural Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136717. [PMID: 34206423 PMCID: PMC8297305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed daily to complex mixtures of chemical substances via food intake, inhalation, and dermal contact. Developmental neurotoxicity is an understudied area and entails one of the most complex areas in toxicology. Animal studies for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) are hardly performed in the context of regular hazard studies, as they are costly and time consuming and provide only limited information as to human relevance. There is a need for a combination of in vitro and in silico tests for the assessment of chemically induced DNT in humans. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo (ZFE) provides a powerful model to study DNT because it shows fast neurodevelopment with a large resemblance to the higher vertebrate, including the human system. One of the suitable readouts for DNT testing in the zebrafish is neurobehaviour (stimulus-provoked locomotion) since this provides integrated information on the functionality and status of the entire nervous system of the embryo. In the current study, environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and their mixtures were investigated using the zebrafish light-dark transition test. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to three neuroactive compounds of concern, carbamazepine (CBZ), fluoxetine (FLX), and venlafaxine (VNX), as well as their main metabolites, carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ 10,11E), norfluoxetine (norFLX), and desvenlafaxine (desVNX). All the studied compounds, except CBZ 10,11E, dose-dependently inhibited zebrafish locomotor activity, providing a distinct behavioural phenotype. Mixture experiments with these pharmaceuticals identified that dose addition was confirmed for all the studied binary mixtures (CBZ-FLX, CBZ-VNX, and VNX-FLX), thereby supporting the zebrafish embryo as a model for studying the cumulative effect of chemical mixtures in DNT. This study shows that pharmaceuticals and a mixture thereof affect locomotor activity in zebrafish. The test is directly applicable in environmental risk assessment; however, further studies are required to assess the relevance of these findings for developmental neurotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Atzei
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
| | - Ingrid Jense
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
| | - Edwin P. Zwart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Environment & Health, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Bastiaan J. Venhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
| | - Leo T.M. van der Ven
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
| | - Harm J. Heusinkveld
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ellen V.S. Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 AB Bilthoven, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (I.J.); (E.P.Z.); (B.J.V.); (L.T.M.v.d.V.); (E.V.S.H.)
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Tominaga FK, Silva TT, Boiani NF, de Jesus JMS, Teixeira ACSC, Borrely SI. Is ionizing radiation effective in removing pharmaceuticals from wastewater? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23975-23983. [PMID: 33394434 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater and effluent discharges are the main causes of receiving water body pollution and important challenges in water quality management. Among the emerging contaminants, pharmaceuticals have increasingly drawn attention due to their incomplete removal during conventional biological treatment, inducing potential and actual risks to living organisms following residue discharges in river effluent. Electron beam irradiation (EBI) is a clean process technology for organic compound degradation and mineralization, as well as persistent pollutant detoxification. This study aimed to evaluate EBI effects on the degradation and toxicity removal of anti-inflammatory aspirin (ASA) in a single solution and in a fluoxetine (FLX) mixture. Results indicate that 98% of the single aspirin was degraded at 5.0 kGy. Aspirin toxicity to Daphnia similis, however, increased with increasing absorbed dose (1.0 to 5.0 kGy), possibly as a result of the presence of H2O2 and other byproducts formed during the oxidation process. Regarding the irradiated mixture, complete degradation was achieved for both pharmaceuticals. Toxicity removals for the mixture were of 56.2 ± 0.9% and 58.8 ± 5.4% for 1.0 and 2.5 kGy, respectively. These findings demonstrate that EBI can be an interesting alternative process to be applied as a pre-treatment followed by biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Kiyoshi Tominaga
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Radiation Technology Center - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Thalita Tieko Silva
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Radiation Technology Center - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Fonseca Boiani
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Radiation Technology Center - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mendonça Silva de Jesus
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Chemical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes, Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Chemical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ivone Borrely
- Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, Radiation Technology Center - IPEN-CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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Ma W, Gao X, Guo H, Chen W. Determination of 13 antidepressants in blood by UPLC-MS/MS with supported liquid extraction pretreatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1171:122608. [PMID: 33756452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are widely used nowadays. Due to the potential detrimental consequences and involvement in forensic cases, therapeutic drug monitoring of antidepressants is desired. Herein we report a method for sensitive determination of 13 commonly used antidepressants in blood. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with supported liquid extraction (SLE) was developed for analysis of imipramine, desipramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, paroxetine, maprotiline, sertraline, citalopram, clomipramine, trazodone, doxepin, clozapine and amitriptyline in this study. The limits of detection (LODs) are in the range of 0.0003-0.003 ng/mL, which are lower than other reported methods by several orders of magnitude. The linear ranges are 0.01-200 ng/mL for norfluoxetine, paroxetine and doxepin, while the linear ranges are 0.001-200 ng/mL for the rest antidepressants. The correlation coefficients are over 0.99. Extraction recoveries (ER) ranging in 82.4-101.5% were obtained for the target analytes. The intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) range in 4.5-10.3% and inter-day RSDs range in 5.1-12.7%. Reasonable values of matrix effect (ME) ranging in 82.5-110.4% were obtained for quality control samples. The present methodology was used for the analysis of antidepressants in real cases and is expected to have a wide usage for analysis of antidepressants in biomedical area and forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Ma
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Sciences, Chongqing 400021, China.
| | - Weiming Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Rodrigues P, Cunha V, Oliva-Teles L, Ferreira M, Guimarães L. Norfluoxetine and venlafaxine in zebrafish larvae: Single and combined toxicity of two pharmaceutical products relevant for risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123171. [PMID: 32593945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant metabolites are found in natural and waste waters. However, investigation of their toxic effects on aquatic animals, single or in mixture with other occurring psychoactive drugs, has been neglected. Here, effects of 80hpf exposure to norfluoxetine (0.64-400 ng/L), venlafaxine (16-10000 ng/L) or their combination (3.2 ng/L +2000 ng/L, respectively) were investigated in embryos and zebrafish larvae. Mortality, embryonic malformations, sensorymotor reflexes and the expression of 34 genes involved in the toxicants mode-of-action (MoA) and metabolism were evaluated (i.e. monoamine receptors and transporters, nuclear receptors, and detoxification transporters and enzymes). Compared to controls, norfluoxetine treatments only caused depigmentation of embryos and larvae. Venlafaxine-exposed larvae exhibited depigmentation and spinal deformities, impaired sensorymotor reflexes, alterations in the expression of genes belonging to the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways, as well as nuclear receptors related to lipid and drug metabolism. The mixture elicited distinct interaction effects, depending on the level of biological organisation analysed and the neurotransmitter pathways affected; synergism (lethality), no interaction (sensorymotor reflexes), antagonism and inverse agonism (gene expression). The results call for investigation of the toxicity of pharmaceutical metabolites single and in mixture, as well as their risk assessment in approaches accounting for possible interactions with other endocrine-disrupting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodrigues
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - L Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of The South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - L Guimarães
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Ertuğruloğlu P, Gulcan HO, Ifebajo AO, Fallah A, Sahin MF, Gazi M. Removal of duloxetine from aqueous solution by adsorption onto chemical crosslinked alginate beads. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1844013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ertuğruloğlu
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts & Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, Turkey
| | | | - Ayodeji Olugbenga Ifebajo
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts & Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Fallah
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts & Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Fethi Sahin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gazi
- Polymeric Materials Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts & Science, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TRNC, Turkey
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Zhu S, Wu G, Gu L, Sun Y, Zhang L, Huang Y, Lyu K, Yang Z. Antidepressant sertraline impairs the induced morphological defense of Ceriodaphnia cornuta in response to Chaoborus larvae kairomone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115092. [PMID: 32650302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants discharged into natural waters are likely to become a new type of endocrine pollutant, which may impact the interspecific relationship in aquatic ecosystem. Induced defense of cladocerans plays an important role in maintaining the balance of interspecific relationships between cladocerans and higher trophic levels. Here we studied the effects of antidepressant sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the induced defensive traits of Ceriodaphnia cornuta in response to invertebrate predator Chaoborus larvae kairomone, including morphological defense and life history traits. We also conducted the predation experiments to check the selection rate of Chaoborus larvae during directly ingesting C. cornuta that were exposed to Chaoborus larvae kairomone at high concentration of sertraline. Results showed sertraline had an interference effect on the induced morphological defense of C. cornuta in response to Chaoborus larvae kairomone, i.e. the high concentration of sertraline (20 and 100 μg L-1) significantly reduced the horns induction. However, the different concentrations of sertraline generally did not affect the life history traits of C. cornuta, regardless of presence or absence of Chaoborus larvae kairomone. The predation experiment demonstrated that the inhibition of sertraline on the induced morphological defense of C. cornuta can promote the feeding selective efficiency of Chaoborus larvae, and thus cause C. cornuta easily to be predated by Chaoborus larvae. Our results suggested that sertraline at the concentrations that are not direct harmful to life history traits of C. cornuta can seriously affect the predator-prey relationship, indicating that effects of pollutants on interspecific relationships should be considered comprehensively to avoid underestimating the potential risk of pollutants to ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangjin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Höglund E, Øverli Ø, Åtland Å. Assaying waterborne psychoactive drugs by the response to naturalistic predator cues in the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140257. [PMID: 32783852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological effects of psychiatric drugs and drug metabolites released by the human population are of increasing environmental concern. In this study we evaluate behavioral responses to visual predator cues in wild caught three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) after exposure to water-born citalopram, a widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Fish were exposed to ecological relevant concentrations of citalopram (0.15 or 1.5 μg L-1) for 10 or 20 days. After drug exposure, individual fish were moved to a test arena where they were exposed to two naturalistic visual predator cues; a shadow from beneath, which simulated an approaching fish, and an overhead silhouette of a passing gull. Both visual cues resulted in decreased locomotor activity after post cue presentation. Notably, citalopram exposure resulted in a dose dependent suppression in response to the overhead stimulus. These results show that an ecologically relevant stimulus elicits a robust avoidance behavioral in wild caught fish after 25 min of acclimatization in the test arena. This suggests that the gull stimulus can be utilized as a behavioral endpoint in high flow through assays of ecotoxicological effects of psychiatric drugs and drug metabolites. Furthermore, the short acclimation time of wild caught fish in the test arena, opens for behavioral screening by fish living or kept in water bodies which are potentially impacted by psychiatric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Höglund
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åse Åtland
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Oslo, Norway
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Stoczynski L, van den Hurk P. Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline on hybrid striped bass predatory behavior and brain chemistry. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 226:105564. [PMID: 32683169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Millions of pharmaceuticals are prescribed each year. Wastewater treatment plants fail to remove all pharmaceuticals from discharge leading to detectable concentrations entering aquatic ecosystems where the compounds can encounter nontarget organisms. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of antidepressants interact with transporters in the brain and peripheral nervous system to change serotonin levels in the synapse. Sublethal exposure to SSRIs can impact fish feeding behaviors, which can have impacts on ecological fitness. We exposed hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x Morone chrysops) to low, medium, and high concentrations of sertraline (4.5 ± 0.84 μg/L, 35.4 ± 2.18 μg/L, and 96.8 ± 6.4 μg/L) over six days with six additional recovery days. Concentrations were chosen to compare results with a mixture study previously completed in our lab. Every three days we tracked how long each bass took to consume four fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and conducted destructive sampling to obtain brain and plasma samples. Brain and plasma samples were analyzed for sertraline levels and we calculated whole brain serotonin levels. During the exposure period, bass showed an increased time to capture prey, but time to capture prey returned to control levels during the six-day recovery period. Sertraline was detected in brain and plasma during the duration of the experiment, though not always in a dose-dependent fashion. While we demonstrated a relationship between time to capture prey and decrease whole brain serotonin levels, the decrease in time to capture prey during the recovery period suggests the serotonin levels in the brain are not solely responsible for the outward behavioral expression observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stoczynski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson South Carolina, 29634, USA.
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson South Carolina, 29634, USA
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Issa S, Gamelon M, Ciesielski TM, Vike-Jonas K, Asimakopoulos AG, Jaspers VLB, Einum S. Dopamine mediates life-history responses to food abundance in Daphnia. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201069. [PMID: 32605517 PMCID: PMC7423461 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of adaptive reaction norms of life-history traits to spatio-temporal variation in food availability is crucial for individual fitness. Yet little is known about the neural signalling mechanisms underlying these reaction norms. Previous studies suggest a role for the dopamine system in regulating behavioural and morphological responses to food across a wide range of taxa. We tested whether this neural signalling system also regulates life-history reaction norms by exposing the zooplankton Daphnia magna to both dopamine and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion, an antidepressant that enters aquatic environments via various pathways. We recorded a range of life-history traits across two food levels. Both treatments induced changes to the life-history reaction norm slopes. These were due to the effects of the treatments being more pronounced at restricted food ration, where controls had lower somatic growth rates, higher age and larger size at maturation. This translated into a higher population growth rate (r) of dopamine and bupropion treatments when food was restricted. Our findings show that the dopamine system is an important regulatory mechanism underlying life-history trait responses to food abundance and that bupropion can strongly influence the life history of aquatic species such as D. magna. We discuss why D. magna do not evolve towards higher endogenous dopamine levels despite the apparent fitness benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semona Issa
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marlène Gamelon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Vike-Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Veerle L B Jaspers
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Somyeh Tajik, Hadi Beitollahi. Electrochemical Determination of Sertraline at Screen Printed Electrode Modified with Feather Like La3+/ZnO Nano-Flowers and Its Determination in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vaclavik J, Sehonova P, Hodkovicova N, Vecerkova L, Blahova J, Franc A, Marsalek P, Mares J, Tichy F, Svobodova Z, Faggio C. The effect of foodborne sertraline on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135082. [PMID: 31806328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide consumption of antidepressants is raising as well as their concentrations in the aquatic environment. This increases the risk of food chain contamination and bioaccumulation in aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to describe a potential risk of sertraline as a pollutant from water environment, wherein rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been chosen as the test organism, because predatory fish are on the top of the food chain in the aquatic environment. The effects of foodborne sertraline were tested on rainbow trout during a 28-day toxicity test according to OECD 215 method. Sertraline was incorporated in commercial feed at a dose of 4.4 µg/kg (environmental concentration), 42 µg/kg and 400 µg/kg. The results confirmed that sertraline has a significant effect on fish behaviour, resulting in suppression of the escape reflex and increased resistance to stress. Moreover, increased Fultońs condition factor was found in fish fed with the highest concentration of sertraline. Haematological analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophilic bands and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and decreased number of lymphocytes. The results of biochemical examination showed a statistically significant decrease in ammonia and lactate concentrations and histological examination revealed changes in gills and caudal kidney. Although sertraline reduces stress in fish, the decline in nonspecific immunity is a risk to fish population stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Vaclavik
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vecerkova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsalek
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
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Mehdi H, Bragg LM, Servos MR, Craig PM. Multiple Stressors in the Environment: The Effects of Exposure to an Antidepressant (Venlafaxine) and Increased Temperature on Zebrafish Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1431. [PMID: 31803073 PMCID: PMC6877669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are continuously exposed to multiple environmental stressors working cumulatively to alter ecosystems. Wastewater-dominated environments are often riddled by a myriad of stressors, such as chemical and thermal stressors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of an environmentally relevant concentration of a commonly prescribed antidepressant, venlafaxine (VFX) [1.0 μg/L], in addition to a 5°C increase in water temperature on zebrafish metabolism. Fish were chronically exposed (21 days) to one of four conditions: (i) 0 μg/L VFX at 27°C; (ii) 1.0 μg/L VFX at 27°C; (iii) 0 μg/L VFX at 32°C; (iv) 1.0 μg/L VFX at 32°C. Following exposure, whole-body metabolism was assessed by routine metabolic rate (RMR) measurements, whereas tissue-specific metabolism was assessed by measuring the activities of major metabolic enzymes in addition to glucose levels in muscle. RMR was significantly higher in the multi-stressed group relative to Control. The combination of both stressors resulted in elevated pyruvate kinase activity and glucose levels, while lipid metabolism was depressed, as measured by 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity. Citrate synthase activity increased with the onset of temperature, but only in the group treatment without VFX. Catalase activity was also elevated with the onset of the temperature stressor, however, that was not the case for the multi-stressed group, potentially indicating a deleterious effect of VFX on the anti-oxidant defense mechanism. The results of this study highlight the importance of multiple-stressor research, as it able to further bridge the gap between field and laboratory studies, as well as have the potential of yielding surprising results that may have not been predicted using a conventional single-stressor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mehdi
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Neuparth T, Lopes AI, Alves N, Oliveira JMA, Santos MM. Does the antidepressant sertraline show chronic effects on aquatic invertebrates at environmentally relevant concentrations? A case study with the keystone amphipod, Gammarus locusta. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109486. [PMID: 31377518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of Sertraline (SER) as antidepressant and its consequent presence in the aquatic environment is raising concern about the chronic effects of this pharmaceutical to aquatic organisms. As the current concentrations of SER in surface waters are typically in the low ng/L range, acute toxicity is unlikely to occur. However, prolonged exposure to low concentrations of SER may lead to sub-lethal effects in aquatic organisms, including alterations in important physiological functions like growth, reproduction, behaviour, and also in key biochemical processes, such as those associated with neurotransmission and redox balance. To test this hypothesis, we selected the amphipod Gammarus locusta, a keystone species used in ecotoxicological hazard assessment. In the present study, juveniles' G. locusta from a permanent laboratory culture were chronically exposed to low concentrations of SER (8-1000 ng/L) in a bioassay that lasted for 48 days, allowing for a life-cycle study including effects on reproduction. At the lowest SER concentrations with environmental relevance (8, 40 and 200 ng/L) we detected no significant changes in key ecological endpoints such as survival, growth, reproduction and movement behaviour, or in any of the biochemical markers analysed. However, at 1000 ng/L SER (a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments) females showed a significant increase in movement versus control, whereas no activity changes were observed in males. Overall, these findings indicate that G. locusta females are potentially more susceptible to the chronic effects of SER. Moreover, the current environmental SER concentrations are unlikely to affect amphipod's ecological endpoints because only SER concentrations higher than the levels reported in aquatic environments produced effects on the behaviour of G. locusta females. However, the increasing consumption of SER, highlights the importance of monitoring its chronic risk to the aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Neuparth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nelson Alves
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Endocrine Disruptors and Emerging Contaminants Group, University of Porto. Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre nº 1021/1055, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Sehonova P, Hodkovicova N, Urbanova M, Örn S, Blahova J, Svobodova Z, Faldyna M, Chloupek P, Briedikova K, Carlsson G. Effects of antidepressants with different modes of action on early life stages of fish and amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:112999. [PMID: 31404734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drugs are excreted from the human body as both original substances and as metabolites and enter aquatic environment through waste water. The aim of this study was to widen the current knowledge considering the effects of waterborne antidepressants with different modes of action-amitriptyline, venlafaxine, sertraline-on embryos of non-target aquatic biota-fish (represented by Danio rerio) and amphibians (represented by Xenopus tropicalis). The tested concentrations were 0.3; 3; 30; 300 and 3000 μg/L in case of amitriptyline and venlafaxine and 0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 1000 μg/L for sertraline. Test on zebrafish embryos was carried out until 144 h post fertilization, while test on Xenopus embryos was terminated after 48 h. Lethal and sublethal effects as well as swimming alterations were observed at higher tested concentrations that are not present in the environment. In contrast, mRNA expression of genes related to heart, eye, brain and bone development (nkx2.5, otx 2, bmp4 and pax 6) seems to be impacted also at environmentally relevant concentrations. In a wider context, this study reveals several indications on the ability of antidepressants to affect non target animals occupying environments which may be contaminated by such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Sehonova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Urbanova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Örn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chloupek
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Briedikova
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gunnar Carlsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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50
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Lv J, Wang Y, Li N. Oxidation of Citalopram with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorine Dioxide: Influencing Factors and NDMA Formation Kinetics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173065. [PMID: 31450724 PMCID: PMC6749231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly prescribed antidepressant, citalopram, as one of newly emerging pollutants, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Citalopram oxidation was examined during sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chlorination processes since conventional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove citalopram effectively. Citalopram has been demonstrated to form N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorination in our previous study. Further investigation on NDMA formation kinetics was conducted in the present study. Influences of operational variables (disinfectant dose, pH value) and water matrix on citalopram degradation, as well as NDMA generation, were evaluated. The results indicated high reactivity of citalopram with NaOCl and ClO2. NDMA formation included two stages during CIT oxidation, which were linear related with reaction time. NaOCl was more beneficial to remove CIT, but it caused more NDMA formation. Increasing disinfectant dosage promoted citalopram removal and NDMA formation. However, no consistent correlation was found between citalopram removal and pH. Contrary to the situation of citalopram removal, NDMA generation was enhanced when citalopram was present in actual water matrices, especially in secondary effluent. DMA, as an intermediate of citalopram chlorination, contributed to NDMA formation, but not the only way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Na Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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