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Ou X, Wan Z, Xiong Y, Huang K, Wei Z, Nuermaimaiti Z, Chen Y, Yiliya D, Lin H, Dai Z, Li Y, Chen P. Homogeneous Dual Fluorescence Count of CD4 in Clinical HIV-Positive Samples via Parallel Catalytic Hairpin Assembly and Multiple Recognitions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38285-38293. [PMID: 37526600 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Regularly measuring the level of CD4+ cells is necessary for monitoring progression and predicting prognosis in patients suffering from an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the current flow cytometry standard detection method is expensive and complicated. A parallel catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)-assisted fluorescent aptasensor is reported for homogeneous CD4 count by targeting the CD4 protein expressed on the membrane of CD4+ cells. Detection was achieved using CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and methylene blue (MB) as signal reporters. CdTe QDs distinguished CHA-assisted release of Ag+ and C-Ag+-C and MB that has differentiated cytosine (C)-rich single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and C-Ag+-C, generating changes in fluorescence intensity. With the assistance of the CHA strategy and luminescent nanomaterials, this method reached limits of detection of 0.03 fg/mL for the CD4 protein and 0.3 cells/mL for CD4+ cells with linear ranges of 0.1 to 100 fg/mL and 1 to 1000 cells/mL, respectively. The method was validated in 50 clinical whole blood samples consisting of 30 HIV-positive patients, 10 healthy volunteers, and 10 patients with cancer or other chronic infections. The findings from this method were in good agreement with the data from clinical flow cytometry. Due to its sensitivity, affordability, and ease of operation, the current method has demonstrated great potential for routine CD4 counts for the management of HIV, especially in communities and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhengli Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zulimire Nuermaimaiti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Duerdanna Yiliya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhenjie Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Piaopiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Luo Z, Qin D, Wu Y, Meng S, Mo W, Deng B. An electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ABEI-GO-AgNPs as a double-amplified luminophore for the ultra-sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112718. [PMID: 35905591 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A sandwich electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on an N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol-graphene oxide-Ag nanoparticle (ABEI-GO-AgNPs) complex and cysteine silver nanowires (AgCysNWs) was prepared to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Our results showed that an ECL signal probe, ABEI-GO-AgNPs, with an ultrahigh specific surface area, favorable catalytic properties, and electrical conductivity was prepared by a one-step synthesis method. ABEI-GO-AgNPs with good biocompatibility immobilized secondary antibody (Ab2) via AgN bonds. Furthermore, AgCysNWs containing many -COOH groups were prepared and used to enrich primary antibody (Ab1), which could be used as an affinity probe for the selective capture of PSA. Lastly, through layer-by-layer assembly, we established an ECL immunosensing platform for the sensitive detection of PSA. Under the optimized conditions, the designed ECL immunosensor showed promising sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of PSA in the linear range of 5.5 × 10-7-5.5 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 1.2 × 10-7 ng/mL. The constructed ECL sensing platform possessed good specificity, reproducibility, and stability and could detect PSA in actual human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dongmiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shuo Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Weiming Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Biyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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Hwang SH, Yang JJ, Oh YH, Ko DH, Sung H, Cho YU, Jang S, Park CJ, Oh HB. Microparticle-tagged image-based cell counting (ImmunoSpin) for CD4 + T cells. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:431. [PMID: 34822013 PMCID: PMC8616869 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Affordable point-of-care (POC) CD4 + T lymphocyte counting techniques have been developed as alternatives to flow cytometry-based instruments caring for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1. However, POC CD4 enumeration technologies can be inaccurate. Here, we developed a microparticle-based visual detector of CD4 + T lymphocytes (ImmunoSpin) using microparticles conjugated with anti-CD4 antibodies, independent of microfluidic or fluorescence detection systems. Visual enumeration of CD4 + T cells under conventional light microscope was accurate compared to flow cytometry. Microparticle-tagged CD4 + T cells were well-recognized under a light microscope. ImmunoSpin showed very good precision (coefficients of variation of ImmunoSpin were ≤ 10%) and high correlation with clinical-grade flow cytometry for the enumeration of CD4 + T cells (y = 0.4232 + 0.9485 × for the %CD4 + T cell count, R2 = 0.99). At thresholds of 200 and 350 cells/µL, there was no misclassification of the ImmunoSpin system compared to the reference flow cytometry. ImmunoSpin showed clear differential classification of CD4 + T lymphocytes from granulocytes and monocytes. Because non-fluorescence microparticle-tags and cytospin slides are used in ImmunoSpin, they can be applied to an automatic digital image analyzer. Slide preparation allows long-term storage, no analysis time limitations, and image transfer in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - John Jeongseok Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Ko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsup Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Bum Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Kim S, Song H, Ahn H, Kim T, Jung J, Cho SK, Shin DM, Choi JR, Hwang YH, Kim K. A Review of Advanced Impedance Biosensors with Microfluidic Chips for Single-Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:412. [PMID: 34821628 PMCID: PMC8615569 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electrical impedance biosensors combined with microfluidic devices can be used to analyze fundamental biological processes for high-throughput analysis at the single-cell scale. These specialized analytical tools can determine the effectiveness and toxicity of drugs with high sensitivity and demonstrate biological functions on a single-cell scale. Because the various parameters of the cells can be measured depending on methods of single-cell trapping, technological development ultimately determine the efficiency and performance of the sensors. Identifying the latest trends in single-cell trapping technologies afford opportunities such as new structural design and combination with other technologies. This will lead to more advanced applications towards improving measurement sensitivity to the desired target. In this review, we examined the basic principles of impedance sensors and their applications in various biological fields. In the next step, we introduced the latest trend of microfluidic chip technology for trapping single cells and summarized the important findings on the characteristics of single cells in impedance biosensor systems that successfully trapped single cells. This is expected to be used as a leading technology in cell biology, pathology, and pharmacological fields, promoting the further understanding of complex functions and mechanisms within individual cells with numerous data sampling and accurate analysis capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Kim
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Hyerin Song
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Heesang Ahn
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jihyun Jung
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Soo Kyung Cho
- Division of Nano Convergence Technology, Pusan National University (PNU), Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jong-ryul Choi
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Yoon-Hwae Hwang
- Department of Nano Energy Engineering, Pusan National University (PNU), Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Kyujung Kim
- Departments of Congo-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (T.K.); (J.J.)
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Farokhzad N, Tao W. Materials chemistry-enabled platforms in detecting sexually transmitted infections: progress towards point-of-care tests. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lu J, Dai B, Wang K, Long Y, Yang Z, Chen J, Huang S, Zheng L, Fu Y, Wan W, Zhuang S, Guan Y, Zhang D. High-Throughput Cell Trapping in the Dentate Spiral Microfluidic Channel. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030288. [PMID: 33803303 PMCID: PMC8000121 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell trapping is a very useful technique in a variety of cell-based assays and cellular research fields. It requires a high-throughput, high-efficiency operation to isolate cells of interest and immobilize the captured cells at specific positions. In this study, a dentate spiral microfluidic structure is proposed for cell trapping. The structure consists of a main spiral channel connecting an inlet and an out and a large number of dentate traps on the side of the channel. The density of the traps is high. When a cell comes across an empty trap, the cell suddenly makes a turn and enters the trap. Once the trap captures enough cells, the trap becomes closed and the following cells pass by the trap. The microfluidic structure is optimized based on the investigation of the influence over the flow. In the demonstration, 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells injected into the chip can be efficiently captured and isolated in the different traps. The cell trapping operates at a very high flow rate (40 μL/s) and a high trapping efficiency (>90%) can be achieved. The proposed high-throughput cell-trapping technique can be adopted in the many applications, including rapid microfluidic cell-based assays and isolation of rare circulating tumor cells from a large volume of blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Yan Long
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zhuoqing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Junyi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shaoqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yongfeng Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Wenbin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yangtai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127, China; (K.W.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (J.L.); (B.D.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (S.H.); (L.Z.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (D.Z.)
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Henderson BD, Kinahan DJ, Rio J, Mishra R, King D, Torres-Delgado SM, Mager D, Korvink JG, Ducrée J. Siphon-Controlled Automation on a Lab-on-a-Disc Using Event-Triggered Dissolvable Film Valves. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11030073. [PMID: 33800811 PMCID: PMC8000095 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Within microfluidic technologies, the centrifugal microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) platform offers great potential for use at the PoC and in low-resource settings due to its robustness and the ability to port and miniaturize ‘wet bench’ laboratory protocols. We present the combination of ‘event-triggered dissolvable film valves’ with a centrifugo-pneumatic siphon structure to enable control and timing, through changes in disc spin-speed, of the release and incubations of eight samples/reagents/wash buffers. Based on these microfluidic techniques, we integrated and automated a chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of the CVD risk factor marker C-reactive protein displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 44.87 ng mL−1 and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of 135.87 ng mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Henderson
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
| | - David J. Kinahan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland;
- National Center for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- I-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- The Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jeanne Rio
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
| | - Rohit Mishra
- Fraunhofer Project Center, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (R.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Damien King
- Fraunhofer Project Center, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (R.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Sarai M. Torres-Delgado
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany; (S.M.T.-D.); (D.M.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Jens Ducrée
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; (B.D.H.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-700-5377
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Fellows T, Ho L, Flanagan S, Fogel R, Ojo D, Limson J. Gold nanoparticle-streptavidin conjugates for rapid and efficient screening of aptamer function in lateral flow sensors using novel CD4-binding aptamers identified through Crossover-SELEX. Analyst 2020; 145:5180-5193. [PMID: 32567629 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00634c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To decrease the burden of laborious and reagent-intensive screening of modified aptamers, their binding function requires assessment in assay formats compatible with the end diagnostic application. Here, we report on the use of an alternative and cost-effective approach: a rapid lateral flow assay (LFA) utilising streptavidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as reporter molecules to screen novel ssDNA aptamers for their ability to detect CD4. Crossover-SELEX was employed to identify CD4-targeting aptamers from a ssDNA library enriched against a recombinant human CD4 protein (hCD4) conjugated to magnetic-beads and to endogenous CD4 expressed by U937 cells. Counter-selection with IgG-conjugated beads and CD4-negative Ramos RA-1 cells was employed. Following SELEX, four sequences (U4, U14, U20 and U26) were selected for candidate screening. Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed comparable localization of the Cy5-labeled aptamer U26, compared to antibodies binding CD4's cytoplasmic domain. Aptamer-hCD4 binding kinetics were evaluated by a qPCR-based magnetic-bead binding assay to unmodified aptamers. U26 exhibited the highest binding affinity (Kd = 2.93 ± 1.03 nM) to hCD4-conjugated beads. Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (mean particle diameter, 10.59 ± 1.81 nm) were functionalized with streptavidin to allow immobilization of biotin-labeled aptamers. Except for U4, the aptamer-gold nanoparticle conjugates (Apt-AuNP) remained stable under physiological conditions with their size (approx. 15 nm) appropriate for use in the LFAs. Lateral-flow based screening was used to evaluate the suitability of the Apt-AuNPs as CD4-detecting reporter molecules by immobilizing hCD4 and flowing the nanoparticle conjugates across the LFA. Using this approach, two novel sequences were identified as being suitable for the detection of hCD4: visual detection at 9 min was obtained using U20 or U26. After 20 min, equivalent colorimetric hCD4 responses were observed between anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (ΔI = 94.19 ± 3.71), an existing CD4 aptamer F1-62 (ΔI = 90.31 ± 19.31) and U26 (ΔI = 100.14 ± 14.61) LFA's, each demonstrating high specificity to hCD4 compared to IgG. From the above, Crossover-SELEX allowed for the successful identification of ssDNA aptamers able to detect hCD4. Streptavidin-conjugated AuNPs, when bound to candidate aptamers, show potential application here as screening tools for the rapid evaluation of aptamer performance in low-cost lateral flow diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamika Fellows
- Rhodes University Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
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Ouyang H, Zhang L, Jiang S, Wang W, Zhu C, Fu Z. Co Single-Atom Catalysts Boost Chemiluminescence. Chemistry 2020; 26:7583-7588. [PMID: 32428322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Co single-atom catalysts (SACs) with good aqueous solubility and abundant labelling functional groups were prepared in Co/Fe bimetallic metal-organic frameworks by a facile solvothermal method without high-temperature calcination. In contrast to traditional chemiluminescence (CL) catalysts, Co SACs accelerated decomposition of H2 O2 to produce a large amount of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) rather than superoxide (O2 .- ) and hydroxyl radical (OH. ). They were found to dramatically enhance the CL emission of the luminol-H2 O2 reaction by 1349 times, and, therefore, were employed as very sensitive signal probes for conducting CL immunoassay of cardiac troponin I. The detection limit of the target analyte was as low as 3.3 pg mL-1 . It is the first time that employment of SACs for boosting CL reactions has been validated. The Co SACs can also be employed to trace other biorecognition events with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Lvxia Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing, Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, P. R. China
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10
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A novel microfluidic resistive pulse sensor with multiple voltage input channels and a side sensing gate for particle and cell detection. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:113-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Lee J, Nolan M, Lee H. Feasibility Study of a Microfluidic Solenoid for Discrete Quantitation of Magnetized Cells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:240-243. [PMID: 30892227 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2905506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a cell quantitation system is proposed based on a new microfluidic solenoid design. The design is simulated in COMSOL and a scaled version of the prototype is built and the induced voltage due to the passage of a magnetic material is measured using a low-noise amplifier and converted to a digital signal using a DSP chip. The simulation results show approximately 16-nV induced voltage across the solenoid and the measurement results for a scaled version of the solenoid outputs 125-mV peak voltage. A microfluidic fabrication process demonstrates a successful prototype of a microfluidic solenoid.
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Cao L, Xu F. Analysis of Leukocyte Behaviors on Microfluidic Chips. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801406. [PMID: 30672149 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The orchestration of massive leukocytes in the immune system protects humans from invading pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. So far, researches focusing on leukocyte behaviors are performed based on both in vivo and in vitro models. The in vivo animal models are usually less controllable due to their extreme complexity and nonignorable species issue. Therefore, many researchers turn to in vitro models. With the advances in micro/nanofabrication, the microfluidic chip has emerged as a novel platform for model construction in multiple biomedical research fields. Specifically, the microfluidic chip is used to study leukocyte behaviors, due to its incomparable advantages in high throughput, precise control, and flexible integration. Moreover, the small size of the microstructures on the microfluidic chip can better mimic the native microenvironment of leukocytes, which contributes to a more reliable recapitulation. Herein are reviewed the recent advances in microfluidic chip-based leukocyte behavior analysis to provide an overview of this field. Detailed discussions are specifically focused on host defense against pathogens, immunodiagnosis, and immunotherapy studies on microfluidic chips. Finally, the current technical challenges are discussed, as well as possible innovations in this field to improve the related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC); Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
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Dey S, Kamil Reza K, Wuethrich A, Korbie D, Ibn Sina AA, Trau M. Tracking antigen specific T-cells: Technological advancement and limitations. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:145-153. [PMID: 30508573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Assessing T-cell mediated immune status can help to understand the body's response to disease and also provide essential diagnostic information. However, detection and characterization of immune response are challenging due to the rarity of signature biomolecules in biological fluid and require highly sensitive and specific assay technique for the analysis. Until now, several techniques spanning from flow cytometry to microsensors have been developed or under investigation for T-cell mediated immune response monitoring. Most of the current assays are designed to estimate average immune responses, i.e., total functional protein analysis and detection of total T-cells irrespective of their antigen specificity. Although potential, immune response analysis without detecting and characterizing the rare subset of T-cell population could lead to over or underestimation of patient's immune status. Addressing this limitation, recently a number of technological advancements in biosensing have been developed for this. The potential of simple and precise micro-technologies including microarray and microfluidic platforms for assessing antigen-specific T-cells will be highlighted in this review, together with a discussion on existing challenges and future aspects of immune-sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvashis Dey
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - K Kamil Reza
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Darren Korbie
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abu Ali Ibn Sina
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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14
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Hassan U, Zhu R, Bashir R. Multivariate computational analysis of biosensor's data for improved CD64 quantification for sepsis diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1231-1240. [PMID: 29564463 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, as a leading cause of death worldwide, relies on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria for its diagnosis. SIRS is highly non-specific as it relies on monitoring of patients' vitals for sepsis diagnosis, which are known to change with many confounding factors. Changes in leukocyte counts and CD64 expression levels are known specific biomarkers of pro-inflammatory host response at the onset of sepsis. Recently, we have developed a biosensor chip that can enumerate the leukocyte counts and quantify the neutrophil CD64 expression levels from a drop of blood. We were able to show improved sepsis diagnosis and prognosis in clinical studies by measuring these parameters during different times of the patients' stay in hospital. In this paper, we investigated the rate of cell capture with CD64 expression levels and used this in a multivariate computational model using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and showed improved accuracy of quantifying CD64 expression levels from the biosensor (n = 106 whole blood experiments). We found a high coefficient of determination and low error between biosensor- and flow cytometry-based neutrophil CD64 expression levels using multiple ANN training methods in comparison to those of univariate regression commonly employed. This approach can find many applications in biosensor data analytics by utilizing multiple features of the biosensor's data for output determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hassan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Stevens Family Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - R Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Illini Hall, 725S Wright St. 101, 61820, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - R Bashir
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1270 Digital Computer Laboratory, 1304 W. Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. and Micro and Nanotechnology Lab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 N. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Stevens Family Biomedical Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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15
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Qiu X, Yang S, Wu D, Wang D, Qiao S, Ge S, Xia N, Yu D, Qian S. Rapid enumeration of CD4 + T lymphocytes using an integrated microfluidic system based on Chemiluminescence image detection at point-of-care testing. Biomed Microdevices 2018; 20:15. [PMID: 29423764 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-018-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic system has been developed for rapid enumeration of CD4 + T lymphocytes at point-of-care (POC) settings. A concise microfluidic chip, which consists of three separate chambers, respectively, for reaction, detection and waste storage, is developed to automate CD4 detection. To simplify CD4 + T lymphocyte enumeration, a single polycarbonate bead immobilized with CD4 antibody is adopted by the microfluidic chip to capture the CD4 antigen in the lysed testing sample. Desired performance is achieved by actuating the single bead for efficient mixing, as well as transferring it between different reaction chambers to reduce non-specific reaction. A controllable external magnetic field is applied to drive the single bead with a built-in ferrous core for different purposes. Chemiluminescence reaction is implemented in an independent chamber to reduce non-specific binding of enzyme. A simple flow control strategy is adopted to conveniently release the waste reagent into the waste storage chamber by just opening the vent hole without actively pumping. A sensitive CCD camera is used to collect the reaction signal by taking picture from the single bead, and then the signal intensity is further analyzed for CD4 + T lymphocyte enumeration. Experimental results show that rapid, convenient, accurate and low-cost CD4 + T lymphocyte enumeration can be obtained with the developed microfluidic system at POC test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Duli Yu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Institute of Micro/Nanotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
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16
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Qiu X, Zhang J, Gong S, Wang D, Qiao S, Ge S, Xia N, Yu D, Qian S. A Single-Bead-Based, Fully Integrated Microfluidic System for High-Throughput CD4+T Lymphocyte Enumeration. SLAS Technol 2017; 23:134-143. [PMID: 29028426 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317737016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A single-bead-based, fully integrated microfluidic system has been developed for high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration at point-of-care testing. Instead of directly counting CD4+T lymphocytes, CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration is achieved by quantitatively detecting CD4 antigen from the lysed blood sample with a functionalized polycarbonate single bead based on chemiluminescence. To implement the sandwiched chemiluminescence immunoassay with reduced nonspecific binding, a streamlined microfluidic chip with multiple reaction chambers is developed to allow each reaction step to be completed in an independent chamber where reagent is pre-stored. With simple magnetic control, the single bead with an embedded ferrous core can be consecutively transported between each of two adjacent chambers for different reactions. Meanwhile, enhanced mixing can be achieved by moving the single bead back and forth inside one chamber with magnetic actuation. High-throughput detection can be performed when a linear actuation stage is adopted to introduce synchronous magnetic control to multiple single beads in parallel microfluidic chips. A sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is adopted for high-throughput chemiluminescence detection from multiple single beads. Experimental results show that with the fully integrated microfluidic system, easy-to-operate, accurate, low-cost, immediate, and high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration can be successfully achieved at resource-poor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Qiu
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shisong Gong
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- 2 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Beijing, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- 2 Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Beijing, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- 3 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- 3 National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Duli Yu
- 1 Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,4 Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhi Qian
- 5 Institute of Micro/Nanotechnology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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17
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Inan H, Kingsley JL, Ozen MO, Tekin HC, Hoerner CR, Imae Y, Metzner TJ, Preiss JS, Durmus NG, Ozsoz M, Wakelee H, Fan AC, Tüzel E, Demirci U. Monitoring Neutropenia for Cancer Patients at the Point of Care. SMALL METHODS 2017; 1:1700193. [PMID: 30740513 PMCID: PMC6364993 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have a critical role in regulating the immune system. The immune system is compromised during chemotherapy, increasing infection risks and imposing a need for regular monitoring of neutrophil counts. Although commercial hematology analyzers are currently used in clinical practice for neutrophil counts, they are only available in clinics and hospitals, use large blood volumes, and are not available at the point of care (POC). Additionally, phlebotomy and blood processing require trained personnel, where patients are often admitted to hospitals when the infections are at late stage due to lack of frequent monitoring. Here, a reliable method is presented that selectively captures and quantifies white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils from a finger prick volume of whole blood by integrating microfluidics with high-resolution imaging algorithms. The platform is compact, portable, and easy to use. It captures and quantifies WBCs and neutrophils with high efficiency (>95%) and specificity (>95%) with an overall 4.2% bias compared to standard testing. The results from a small cohort of patients (N = 11 healthy, N = 5 lung and kidney cancer) present a unique disposable cell counter, demonstrating the ability of this tool to monitor neutrophil and WBC counts within clinical or in resource-constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - James L Kingsley
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Mehmet O Ozen
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Huseyin Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35100 Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoriko Imae
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Independent Scholar, 35100, 6500/1 Sokak, No:8F, Karsiyaka/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
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18
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Ossowski P, Wojtkowski M, Munro PRT. Classification of biological micro-objects using optical coherence tomography: in silico study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3606-3626. [PMID: 28856039 PMCID: PMC5560829 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a technique for differentiating between biological micro-objects using a rigorous, full-wave model of OCT image formation. We model an existing experimental prototype which uses OCT to interrogate a microfluidic chip containing the blood cells. A full-wave model is required since the technique uses light back-scattered by a scattering substrate, rather than by the cells directly. The light back-scattered by the substrate is perturbed upon propagation through the cells, which flow between the substrate and imaging system's objective lens. We present the key elements of the 3D, Maxwell equation-based computational model, the key findings of the computational study and a comparison with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Ossowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Maciej Wojtkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter RT Munro
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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A point-of-care microfluidic biochip for quantification of CD64 expression from whole blood for sepsis stratification. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15949. [PMID: 28671185 PMCID: PMC5500847 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection, has the highest burden of death and medical expenses in hospitals worldwide. Leukocyte count and CD64 expression on neutrophils (nCD64) are known to correlate strongly with improved sensitivity and specificity of sepsis diagnosis at its onset. A major challenge is the lack of a rapid and accurate point-of-care (PoC) device that can perform these measurements from a minute blood sample. Here, we report a PoC microfluidic biochip to enumerate leukocytes and quantify nCD64 levels from 10 μl of whole blood without any manual processing. Biochip measurements have shown excellent correlation with the results from flow cytometer. In clinical studies, we have used PoC biochip to monitor leukocyte counts and nCD64 levels from patients’ blood at different times of their stay in the hospital. Furthermore, we have shown the biochip’s utility for improved sepsis diagnosis by combining these measurements with electronic medical record (EMR). Sepsis is a potentially life–threatening complication of infection and diagnosis depends on rapid assessment of leukocyte count and CD64 expression. Here the authors present a microfluidic chip that can quantify these parameters from minimal amounts of whole blood with no manual processing.
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Abstract
Cytological analysis of synovial fluid is widely used in the clinic to assess joint health and disease. However, in general practice, only the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) are available for cytologic evaluation of the joint. Moreover, sufficient volume of synovial aspirates is critical to run conventional analyses, despite limited volume of aspiration that can normally be obtained from a joint. Therefore, there is a lack of consistent and standardized synovial fluid cytological tests in the clinic. To address these shortcomings, we developed a microfluidic platform (Synovial Chip), for the first time in the literature, to achieve repeatable, cost- and time-efficient, and standardized synovial fluid cytological analysis based on specific cell surface markers. Microfluidic channels functionalized with antibodies against specific cell surface antigens are connected in series to capture WBC subpopulations, including CD4+, CD8+, and CD66b+ cells, simultaneously from miniscule volumes (100 μL) of synovial fluid aspirates. Cell capture specificity was evaluated by fluorescent labeling of isolated cells in microchannels and was around 90% for all three WBC subpopulations. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of synovial fluid viscosity on capture efficiency in the microfluidic channels and utilized hyaluronidase enzyme treatment to reduce viscosity and to improve cell capture efficiency (>60%) from synovial fluid samples. Synovial Chip allows efficient and standardized point-of-care isolation and analysis of WBC subpopulations in miniscule volumes of patient synovial fluid samples in the clinic.
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Kim J, Park G, Lee S, Hwang SW, Min N, Lee KM. Single wall carbon nanotube electrode system capable of quantitative detection of CD4 + T cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:238-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Lin CC, Sun DS, Lin YL, Tsai TT, Cheng C, Sun WH, Ko FH. A flexible and miniaturized hair dye based photodetector via chemiluminescence pathway. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 90:349-355. [PMID: 27940238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A flexible and miniaturized metal semiconductor metal (MSM) biomolecular photodetector was developed as the core photocurrent system through chemiluminescence for hydrogen peroxide sensing. The flexible photocurrent sensing system was manufactured on a 30-µm-thick crystalline silicon chip by chemical etching process, which produced a flexible silicon chip. A surface texturization design on the flexible device enhanced the light-trapping effect and minimized reflectivity losses from the incident light. The model protein streptavidin bound to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was successfully immobilized onto the sensor surface through high-affinity conjugation with biotin. The luminescence reaction occurred with luminol, hydrogen peroxide and HRP enzyme, and the emission of light from the catalytic reaction was detected by underlying flexible photodetector. The chemiluminescence in the miniaturized photocurrent sensing system was successfully used to determine the hydrogen peroxide concentration in real-time analyses. The hydrogen peroxide detection limit of the flexible MSM photodetector was 2.47mM. The performance of the flexible MSM photodetector maintained high stability under bending at various bending radii. Moreover, for concave bending, a significant improvement in detection signal intensity (14.5% enhancement compared with a flat configuration) was observed because of the increased photocurrent, which was attributed to enhancement of light trapping. Additionally, this detector was used to detect hydrogen peroxide concentrations in commercial hair dye products, which is a significant issue in the healthcare field. The development of this novel, flexible and miniaturized MSM biomolecular photodetector with excellent mechanical flexibility and high sensitivity demonstrates the applicability of this approach to future wearable sensor development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Da-Shiuan Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tso Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Sun
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsiang Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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Lin Y, Gritsenko D, Feng S, Teh YC, Lu X, Xu J. Detection of heavy metal by paper-based microfluidics. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:256-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Qi Y, Xiu FR, Yu G, Huang L, Li B. Simple and rapid chemiluminescence aptasensor for Hg 2+ in contaminated samples: A new signal amplification mechanism. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:439-446. [PMID: 27591718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of ultralow concentration of heavy metal ion Hg2+ is important for human health protection and environment monitoring because of the gradual accumulation in environmental and biological fields. Herein, we report a convenient chemiluminescence (CL) biosensing platform for ultrasensitive Hg2+ detection by signal amplification mechanism from positively charged gold nanoparticles ((+)AuNPs). It is based on (+)AuNPs charge effect and aptamer conformation change induced by target to stimulate the generation of CL in the presence of H2O2 and luminol without high salt medium. Notably particularly, the typical problem of the high salt medium from (-) AuNPs system, like influencing aptamers' bind with target and hindering CL reaction can be effectively addressed through the direct introduction of (+)AuNPs. Therefore, the proposed biosensing exhibits a high sensitivity toward target Hg2+ with a detection limit of 16 pM, which is far below the limit (10nM) defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in drinkable water, and is about 10-fold lower than the previously reported aptamer-based assays for Hg2+. This sensing platform provides a simple, rapid, and cost-effective approach for label-free sensitive detection of Hg2+. Moreover, it is universal for the detection of other targets. Undoubtedly, such a direct utilizing of (+)AuNPs' charge effect will provide a new signal amplification way for label-free aptamer-based CL analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qi
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350108 PR China.
| | - Fu-Rong Xiu
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350108 PR China
| | - Gending Yu
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350108 PR China
| | - Lili Huang
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350108 PR China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 PR China
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25
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Nair M, Jayant RD, Kaushik A, Sagar V. Getting into the brain: Potential of nanotechnology in the management of NeuroAIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:202-217. [PMID: 26944096 PMCID: PMC4935582 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs from the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) remains a formidable task. The incapability of ARV to go across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administration makes the brain one of the dominant HIV reservoirs. Thus, screening, monitoring, and elimination of HIV reservoirs from the brain remain a clinically daunting and key task. The practice and investigation of nanomedicine possesses potentials for therapeutics against neuroAIDS. This review highlights the advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology to design and develop specific size therapeutic cargo for efficient navigation across BBB so as to recognize and eradicate HIV brain reservoirs. Different navigation and drug release strategies, their biocompatibility and efficacy with related challenges and future prospects are also discussed. This review would be an excellent platform to understand nano-enable multidisciplinary research to formulate efficient nanomedicine for the management of neuroAIDS.
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Key Words
- Anti-retroviral (ARV) therapy
- Blood–brain barrier (BBB)
- Bradykinin (PubChem CID: 439,201)
- CNS drug delivery
- Enfuvirtide (PubChem CID: 16,130,199), Lamivudine & Zidovudine (PubChem CID: 160,352)
- Ferrous oxide or iron (II) oxide (PubChem CID: 14,945)
- Foscarnet sodium (PubChem CID: 44,561)
- HIV monitoring
- HIV-1
- Magnetic nanoparticle
- Mannitol (PubChem CID: 6251)
- Nanotechnology
- Neopterin (PubChem CID: 4455)
- NeuroAIDS
- Pluronic-P85 (PubChem CID: 24,751)
- Saquinavir mesylate (PubChem CID: 60,934)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (PubChem CID: 6,398,764)
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Liu Q, Chernish A, DuVall JA, Ouyang Y, Li J, Qian Q, Bazydlo LAL, Haverstick DM, Landers JP. The ARTμS: a novel microfluidic CD4+ T-cell enumeration system for monitoring antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:506-514. [PMID: 26687070 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel and cost-effective microfluidic platform that integrates immunomagnetic separation and cell enumeration via DNA-induced bead aggregation. Using a two-stage immunocapture microdevice, 10 μL of whole blood was processed to isolate CD4+ T-cells. The first stage involved the immuno-subtraction of monocytes by anti-CD14 magnetic beads, followed by CD4+ T-cell capture with anti-CD4 magnetic beads. The super hydrophilic surface generated during polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) plasma treatment allowed for accurate metering of the CD4+ T-cell lysate, which then interacted with silica-coated magnetic beads under chaotropic conditions to form aggregates. Images of the resulting aggregates were captured and processed to reveal the mass of DNA, which was used to back-calculate the CD4+ T-cell number. Studies with clinical samples revealed that the analysis of blood within 24 hours of phlebotomy yielded the best results. Under these conditions, an accurate cell count was achieved (R(2) = 0.98) when compared to cell enumeration via flow cytometry, and over a functional dynamic range from 106-2337 cells per μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Alexis Chernish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn A DuVall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Yiwen Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Center For Microsystems For The Life Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Qiang Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Lindsay A L Bazydlo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Doris M Haverstick
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - James P Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P. O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA. and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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27
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Gebauer A, Schmidt S, Hoffmann W. Status and perspective of lab-on-a-chip systems for common diseases: a systematic review from 2003 to 2013. Per Med 2016; 13:71-91. [PMID: 29749869 DOI: 10.2217/pme.15.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lab-on-a-chip systems (LOCs) are a useful aid for the individualization of therapeutic algorithms at the point-of-care. MATERIALS & METHODS We performed a systematic literature review on LOCs for diseases with a global impact for healthcare. RESULTS A total of 1007 articles matched the previously specified search criteria, thereof 65 studies could be included in this review. A total of 55 different LOCs were evaluated, most for diagnosis or monitoring of cancer (n = 24). For other diseases we found considerably less analyzed LOCs. The analytical performance of the LOCs was usually very good, 37 (67%) LOCs had a sensitivity higher than 90%. CONCLUSION Although LOC systems performance has been positively evaluated in the great majority of studies, the testing was mostly limited to the research laboratory setting rather than real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gebauer
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Healthcare & Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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28
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Kwak M, Han L, Chen JJ, Fan R. Interfacing Inorganic Nanowire Arrays and Living Cells for Cellular Function Analysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5600-10. [PMID: 26349637 PMCID: PMC4676807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanowires are among the most attractive functional materials, which have emerged in the past two decades. They have demonstrated applications in information technology and energy conversion, but their utility in biological or biomedical research remains relatively under-explored. Although nanowire-based sensors have been frequently reported for biomolecular detection, interfacing nanowire arrays and living mammalian cells for the direct analysis of cellular functions is a very recent endeavor. Cell-penetrating nanowires enabled effective delivery of biomolecules, electrical and optical stimulation and recording of intracellular signals over a long period of time. Non-penetrating, high-density nanowire arrays display rich interactions between the nanostructured substrate and the micro/nanoscale features of cell surfaces. Such interactions enable efficient capture of rare cells including circulating tumor cells and trafficking leukocytes from complex biospecimens. It also serves as a platform for probing cell traction force and neuronal guidance. The most recent advances in the field that exploits nanowire arrays (both penetrating and non-penetrating) to perform rapid analysis of cellular functions potentially for disease diagnosis and monitoring are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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29
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Ossowski P, Raiter-Smiljanic A, Szkulmowska A, Bukowska D, Wiese M, Derzsi L, Eljaszewicz A, Garstecki P, Wojtkowski M. Differentiation of morphotic elements in human blood using optical coherence tomography and a microfluidic setup. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:27724-38. [PMID: 26480435 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.027724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel optical method for the detection and differentiation between erythrocytes and leukocytes that uses amplitude and phase information provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Biological cells can introduce significant phase modulation with substantial scattering anisotropy and dominant forward-scattered light. Such physical properties may favor the use of a trans-illumination imaging technique. However, an epi-illumination mode may be more practical and robust in many applications. This study describes a new way of measuring the phase modulation introduced by flowing microobjects. The novel part of this invention is that it uses the backscattered signal from the substrate located below the flowing/moving objects. The identification of cells is based on phase-sensitive OCT signals. To differentiate single cells, a custom-designed microfluidic device with a highly scattering substrate is introduced. The microchannels are molded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixed with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to ensure high scattering properties. The statistical parameters of the measured signal depend on the cells' features, such as their size, shape, and internal structure.
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30
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Shafiee H, Wang S, Inci F, Toy M, Henrich TJ, Kuritzkes DR, Demirci U. Emerging technologies for point-of-care management of HIV infection. Annu Rev Med 2014; 66:387-405. [PMID: 25423597 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-092112-143017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in 39 million deaths to date, and there are currently more than 35 million people living with HIV worldwide. Prevention, screening, and treatment strategies have led to major progress in addressing this disease globally. Diagnostics is critical for HIV prevention, screening and disease staging, and monitoring antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently available diagnostic assays, which include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot (WB), are complex, expensive, and time consuming. These diagnostic technologies are ill suited for use in low- and middle-income countries, where the challenge of the HIV/AIDS pandemic is most severe. Therefore, innovative, inexpensive, disposable, and rapid diagnostic platform technologies are urgently needed. In this review, we discuss challenges associated with HIV management in resource-constrained settings and review the state-of-the-art HIV diagnostic technologies for CD4(+) T lymphocyte count, viral load measurement, and drug resistance testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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31
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Optimization of a cell counting algorithm for mobile point-of-care testing platforms. SENSORS 2014; 14:15244-61. [PMID: 25195851 PMCID: PMC4179089 DOI: 10.3390/s140815244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a point-of-care (POC) setting, it is critically important to reliably count the number of specific cells in a blood sample. Software-based cell counting, which is far faster than manual counting, while much cheaper than hardware-based counting, has emerged as an attractive solution potentially applicable to mobile POC testing. However, the existing software-based algorithm based on the normalized cross-correlation (NCC) method is too time- and, thus, energy-consuming to be deployed for battery-powered mobile POC testing platforms. In this paper, we identify inefficiencies in the NCC-based algorithm and propose two synergistic optimization techniques that can considerably reduce the runtime and, thus, energy consumption of the original algorithm with negligible impact on counting accuracy. We demonstrate that an Android™ smart phone running the optimized algorithm consumes 11.5× less runtime than the original algorithm.
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32
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Huang X, Hui W, Hao C, Yue W, Yang M, Cui Y, Wang Z. On-site formation of emulsions by controlled air plugs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:758-765. [PMID: 24030982 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Air plugs are usually undesirable in microfluidic systems because of their detrimental effect on the system's stability and integrity. By controlling the wetting properties as well as the topographical geometry of the microchannel, it is reported herein that air plugs can be generated in pre-defined locations to function as a unique valve, allowing for the on-site formation of various emulsions including single-component droplets, composite droplets with droplet-to-droplet concentration gradient, blood droplets, paired droplets, as well as bubble arrays without the need for precious flow control, a difficult task with conventional droplet microfluidics. Moreover, the self-generated air valve can be readily deactivated (turned off) by the introduction of an oil phase, allowing for the on-demand release of as-formed droplets for downstream applications. It is proposed that the simple, yet versatile nature of this technique can act as an important method for droplet microfluidics and, in particular, is ideal for the development of affordable lab-on-a-chip systems without suffering from scalability and manufacturing challenges that typically confound the conventional droplet microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Mirasoli M, Guardigli M, Michelini E, Roda A. Recent advancements in chemical luminescence-based lab-on-chip and microfluidic platforms for bioanalysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:36-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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34
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Damhorst GL, Watkins NN, Bashir R. Micro- and nanotechnology for HIV/AIDS diagnostics in resource-limited settings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:715-26. [PMID: 23512111 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2244894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four million people are living with HIV worldwide, a disproportionate number of whom live in resource-limited settings. Proper clinical management of AIDS, the disease caused by HIV, requires regular monitoring of both the status of the host's immune system and levels of the virus in their blood. Therefore, more accessible technologies capable of performing a CD4+ T cell count and HIV viral load measurement in settings where HIV is most prevalent are desperately needed to enable better treatment strategies and ultimately quell the spread of the virus within populations. This review discusses micro- and nanotechnology solutions to performing these key clinical measurements in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Damhorst
- Department of Bioengineering and the Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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35
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Wu MS, Yuan DJ, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Sensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on Au-ITO hybrid bipolar electrode amplification system for cell surface protein detection. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11960-5. [PMID: 24215536 DOI: 10.1021/ac402889z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here we developed a novel hybrid bipolar electrode (BPE)-electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on hybrid bipolar electrode (BPE) for the measurement of cancer cell surface protein using ferrocence (Fc) labeled aptamer as signal recognition and amplification probe. According to the electric neutrality of BPE, the cathode of U-shaped ITO BPE was electrochemically deposited by Au nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance its conductivity and surface area, decrease the overpotential of O2 reduction, which would correspondingly increase the oxidation current of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/tripropylamine (TPA) on the anode of BPE and resulting a ∼4-fold enhancement of ECL intensity. Then a signal amplification strategy was designed by introducing Fc modified aptamer on the anode surface of BPE through hybridization for detecting the amount of mucin-1 on MCF-7 cells. The presence of Fc could not only inhibit the oxidation of Ru(bpy)3(2+) because of its lower oxidation potential, its oxidation product Fc(+) could also quench the ECL of Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA by efficient energy-transfer from the excited-state Ru(bpy)3(2+)* to Fc(+), making the ECL intensity greatly quenched. On the basis of the cathodic Au NPs induced ECL enhancing coupled with anodic Fc induced signal quenching amplification, the approach allowed detection of mucin-1 aptamer at a concentration down to 0.5 fM and was capable of detecting a minimum of 20 MCF-7 cells. Besides, the amount of mucin-1 on MCF-7 cells was calculated to be 9041 ± 388 molecules/cell. This approach therefore shows great promise in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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36
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Li J, Liu Q, Xiao L, Haverstick DM, Dewald A, Columbus L, Kelly K, Landers JP. Label-free method for cell counting in crude biological samples via paramagnetic bead aggregation. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11233-9. [PMID: 24187938 DOI: 10.1021/ac401402h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under chaotropic conditions, DNA released from lysed cells causes the aggregation of paramagnetic beads in a rotating magnetic field in a manner that is independent of the presence of other cellular components. The extent of aggregation correlates with the mass of DNA in a quantitative manner (Leslie, D. C. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5689-96), and from this, the number of DNA-containing cells in the sample can be enumerated. Microbial growth testing is demonstrated by monitoring bead aggregation with E. coli in the presence of ampicillin. Without the need for fluorescent labeling or Coulter counting, the white blood cell count can be defined directly from a microliter of crude whole blood. Specificity is brought to the process by coupling bead-based immunocapture with DNA-bead aggregation allowing for the enumeration of CD4+ T cells from human blood samples. The results of DNA-induced bead aggregation had a 95% correlation with those generated by flow cytometry. With the process requiring only inexpensive, widely available benchtop laboratory hardware, a digital camera, and a simple algorithm, this provided a highly accessible alternative to more expensive cell-counting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Pathology, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, ⊥Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ∥Center for Microsystems for the Life Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904
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37
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Ra HK, Kim H, Yoon HJ, Son SH, Park T, Moon S. A robust cell counting approach based on a normalized 2D cross-correlation scheme for in-line holographic images. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3398-3409. [PMID: 23839256 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the important aims of identifying and marking disease progression, cell counting is crucial for various biological and medical procedures, especially in a Point-Of-Care (POC) setting. In contrast to the conventional manual method of counting cells, a software-based approach provides improved reliability, faster speeds, and greater ease of use. We present a novel software-based approach to count in-line holographic cell images using the calculation of a normalized 2D cross-correlation. This enables fast, computationally-efficient pattern matching between a set of cell library images and the test image. Our evaluation results show that the proposed system is capable of quickly counting cells whilst reliably and accurately following human counting capability. Our novel approach is 5760 times faster than manual counting and provides at least 68% improved accuracy compared to other image processing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyeong Ra
- Real Time Cyber Physical Systems Laboratory, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
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38
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Tripathi A, Riddell J, Chronis N. A Biochip with a 3D microfluidic architecture for trapping white blood cells. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2013; 186:244-251. [PMID: 23935241 PMCID: PMC3735198 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic biochip for trapping single white blood cells (WBCs). The novel biochip, microfabricated using standard surface micromachining processes, consists of an array of precisely engineered microholes that confine single cells in a tight, three dimensional space and mechanically immobilize them. A high (> 87%) trapping efficiency was achieved when WBC-containing samples were delivered to the biochip at the optimal pressure of 3 psi. The biochip can efficiently trap up to 7,500 cells, maintaining a high trapping efficiency even when the number of cells is extremely low (~200 cells). We believe that the developed biochip can be used as a standalone unit in a biology/clinical lab for trapping WBCs as well as other cell types and imaging them using a standard fluorescent microscope at the single cell level. Furthermore, it can be integrated with other miniaturized optical modules to construct a portable platform for counting a wide variety of cells and therefore it can be an excellent tool for monitoring human diseases at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - James Riddell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Nikos Chronis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering. University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
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39
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Gong MM, Macdonald BD, Vu Nguyen T, Van Nguyen K, Sinton D. Field tested milliliter-scale blood filtration device for point-of-care applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:44111. [PMID: 24404044 PMCID: PMC3752026 DOI: 10.1063/1.4817792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a low cost and equipment-free blood filtration device capable of producing plasma from blood samples with mL-scale capacity and demonstrate its clinical application for hepatitis B diagnosis. We report the results of in-field testing of the device with 0.8-1 ml of undiluted, anticoagulated human whole blood samples from patients at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi, Vietnam. Blood cell counts demonstrate that the device is capable of filtering out 99.9% of red and 96.9% of white blood cells, and the plasma collected from the device contains lower red blood cell counts than plasma obtained from a centrifuge. Biochemistry and immunology testing establish the suitability of the device as a sample preparation unit for testing alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B "e" antibody (HBe Ab), and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs Ab). The device provides a simple and practical front-end sample processing method for point-of-care microfluidic diagnostics, enabling sufficient volumes for multiplexed downstream tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Gong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Brendan D Macdonald
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Trung Vu Nguyen
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam ; Department of Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam ; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kinh Van Nguyen
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 78 Giai Phong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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Glynn MT, Kinahan DJ, Ducrée J. CD4 counting technologies for HIV therapy monitoring in resource-poor settings--state-of-the-art and emerging microtechnologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:2731-2748. [PMID: 23670110 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern advancements in pharmaceuticals have provided individuals who have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the possibility of significantly extending their survival rates. When administered sufficiently soon after infection, antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows medical practitioners to control onset of the symptoms of the associated acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Active monitoring of the immune system in both HIV patients and individuals who are regarded as "at-risk" is critical in the decision making process for when to start a patient on ART. A reliable and common method for such monitoring is to observe any decline in the number of CD4 expressing T-helper cells in the blood of a patient. However, the technology, expertise, infrastructure and costs to carry out such a diagnostic cannot be handled by medical services in resource-poor regions where HIV is endemic. Addressing this shortfall, commercialized point-of-care (POC) CD4 cell count systems are now available in such regions. A number of newer devices will also soon be on the market, some the result of recent maturing of charity-funded initiatives. Many of the current and imminent devices are enabled by microfluidic solutions, and this review will critically survey and analyze these POC technologies for CD4 counting, both on-market and near-to-market deployment. Additionally, promising technologies under development that may usher in a new generation of devices will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macdara T Glynn
- Biomedical Diagnostic Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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Li Y, Xu F, Liu C, Xu Y, Feng X, Liu BF. A novel microfluidic mixer based on dual-hydrodynamic focusing for interrogating the kinetics of DNA-protein interaction. Analyst 2013; 138:4475-82. [PMID: 23785706 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic measurement of biomacromolecular interaction plays a significant role in revealing the underlying mechanisms of cellular activities. Due to the small diffusion coefficient of biomacromolecules, it is difficult to resolve the rapid kinetic process with traditional analytical methods such as stopped-flow or laminar mixers. Here, we demonstrated a unique continuous-flow laminar mixer based on microfluidic dual-hydrodynamic focusing to characterize the kinetics of DNA-protein interactions. The time window of this mixer for kinetics observation could cover from sub-milliseconds to seconds, which made it possible to capture the folding process with a wide dynamic range. Moreover, the sample consumption was remarkably reduced to <0.55 μL min⁻¹, over 1000-fold saving in comparison to those reported previously. We further interrogated the interaction kinetics of G-quadruplex and the single-stranded DNA binding protein, indicating that this novel micromixer would be a useful approach for analyzing the interaction kinetics of biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ramachandraiah H, Amasia M, Cole J, Sheard P, Pickhaver S, Walker C, Wirta V, Lexow P, Lione R, Russom A. Lab-on-DVD: standard DVD drives as a novel laser scanning microscope for image based point of care diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1578-1585. [PMID: 23440071 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41360h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel "Lab-on-DVD" system and demonstrate its capability for rapid and low-cost HIV diagnostics by counting CD4+ cells isolated from whole blood. We show that a commercial DVD drive can, with certain modifications, be turned into an improved DVD-based laser scanning microscope (DVD-LSM). The system consists of a multi-layered disposable polymer disc and a modified commercial DVD reader with rotational control for sample handling, temperature control for optimized bioassay, a photodiode array for detection, and software for signal processing and user interface - all the necessary components required for a truly integrated lab-on-a-chip system, with the capability to deliver high-resolution images down to 1 μm in size. Using discs modified with antibodies, we specifically captured CD4+ cells from whole blood, demonstrating single cell resolution imaging. The novel integrated DVD platform with sub-micron image resolution brings, for the first time, affordable cellular diagnostic testing to the point-of-care and should be readily applicable at resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harisha Ramachandraiah
- Science for Life Laboratory, Div. of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Quantitative microfluidic biomolecular analysis for systems biology and medicine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5743-58. [PMID: 23568613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the postgenome era, biology and medicine are rapidly evolving towards quantitative and systems studies of complex biological systems. Emerging breakthroughs in microfluidic technologies and innovative applications are transforming systems biology by offering new capabilities to address the challenges in many areas, such as single-cell genomics, gene regulation networks, and pathology. In this review, we focus on recent progress in microfluidic technology from the perspective of its applications to promoting quantitative and systems biomolecular analysis in biology and medicine.
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Hosokawa M, Asami M, Yoshino T, Tsujimura N, Takahashi M, Nakasono S, Tanaka T, Matsunaga T. Monitoring of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in mice by serial leukocyte counting using a microcavity array. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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BAI BOFENG, LUO ZHENGYUAN, LU TIANJIAN, XU FENG. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CELL ADHESION AND DETACHMENT IN MICROFLUIDICS. J MECH MED BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519413500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the complex biophysical processes of cell adhesion and detachment under blood flow in vivo, numerous novel microfluidic devices have been developed to manipulate, capture, and separate bio-particles for various applications, such as cell analysis and cell enumeration. However, the underlying physical mechanisms are yet unclear, which has limited the further development of microfluidic devices and point-of-care (POC) systems. Mathematical modeling is an enabling tool to study the physical mechanisms of biological processes for its relative simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. Recent development in computation technology for multiphase flow simulation enables the theoretical study of the complex flow processes of cell adhesion and detachment in microfluidics. Various mathematical methods (e.g., front tracking method, level set method, volume of fluid (VOF) method, fluid–solid interaction method, and particulate modeling method) have been developed to investigate the effects of cell properties (i.e., cell membrane, cytoplasma, and nucleus), flow conditions, and microchannel structures on cell adhesion and detachment in microfluidic channels. In this paper, with focus on our own simulation results, we review these methods and compare their advantages and disadvantages for cell adhesion/detachment modeling. The mathematical approaches discussed here would allow us to study microfluidics for cell capture and separation, and to develop more effective POC devices for disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- BOFENG BAI
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China
| | - ZHENGYUAN LUO
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China
| | - TIANJIAN LU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China
| | - FENG XU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P.R. China
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46
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47
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Guo YS, Li XM, Ye SJ, Zhang SS. Modern optical techniques provide a bright outlook for cell analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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ZHAO JING, BO BING, YIN YONGMEI, LI GENXI. GOLD NANOPARTICLES-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984412300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are the most extensively studied nanomaterials for biomedical application due to their unique properties, such as rapid and simple synthesis, large surface area, strong adsorption ability and facile conjugation to various biomolecules. The remarkable photophysical properties of gold nanoparticles have provided plenty of opportunities for the preparation of gold nanoparticles-based optical biosensors, while the excellent biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic properties and large surface-to-volume ratio have facilitated the application of gold nanoparticles in the construction of electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we mainly detail the gold nanoparticles-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for biomedical application in the recent two years, which have exhibited greatly enhanced analytical performances in the detection of DNA, proteins and some important small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- JING ZHAO
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - BING BO
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - YONG-MEI YIN
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - GEN-XI LI
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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49
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Adiguzel Y, Kulah H. CMOS cell sensors for point-of-care diagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:10042-66. [PMID: 23112587 PMCID: PMC3472815 DOI: 10.3390/s120810042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burden of health-care related services in a global era with continuously increasing population and inefficient dissipation of the resources requires effective solutions. From this perspective, point-of-care diagnostics is a demanded field in clinics. It is also necessary both for prompt diagnosis and for providing health services evenly throughout the population, including the rural districts. The requirements can only be fulfilled by technologies whose productivity has already been proven, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors (CMOS). CMOS-based products can enable clinical tests in a fast, simple, safe, and reliable manner, with improved sensitivities. Portability due to diminished sensor dimensions and compactness of the test set-ups, along with low sample and power consumption, is another vital feature. CMOS-based sensors for cell studies have the potential to become essential counterparts of point-of-care diagnostics technologies. Hence, this review attempts to inform on the sensors fabricated with CMOS technology for point-of-care diagnostic studies, with a focus on CMOS image sensors and capacitance sensors for cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekbun Adiguzel
- METU-MEMS Research and Application Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Haluk Kulah
- METU-MEMS Research and Application Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; E-Mail:
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Chen KC, Pan YC, Chen CL, Lin CH, Huang CS, Wo AM. Enumeration and viability of rare cells in a microfluidic disk via positive selection approach. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:116-23. [PMID: 22813710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that specific rare cells in the blood can serve as an indicator of cancer prognosis, among other purposes. This article demonstrates the concept of separating and detecting rare cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells via an economical microfluidic disk with a model system. MCF7, labeled with magnetic beads, was used to simulate circulating tumor cells as a target. Jurkat clone E6-1 was used to simulate leukocytes or other cells abundant in human blood. A tailored multistage magnet maximized the magnetic field to ensure optimal trapping efficiency. Results indicate that the yield of detected MCF7 was consistent at approximately 80% when fewer than hundreds of MCF7 cells were mixed in greater than 1 million Jurkat cells. The 80% yield also held for 10 MCF7 in 100 million Jurkat (rarity of 10(7)). Compared with the results from autoMACS, the performance was at least 20% higher and was more independent of the number of Jurkat. The viability of the enriched cells was approximately 90 ± 20%, showing that this method caused little damage to trapped cells. The microfluidic disk should be applicable for separation and detection of various rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells and circulating endothelial cells in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Chao Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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