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SHOJI A, SATO M, SUGAWARA M. Design of a Capillary Enzyme Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Glucose and Galactose. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.67.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi SHOJI
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University Pharmacy and Life Science
| | - Masatoshi SATO
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Masao SUGAWARA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
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Balsam J, Rasooly R, Bruck HA, Rasooly A. Thousand-fold fluorescent signal amplification for mHealth diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:1-7. [PMID: 23928092 PMCID: PMC3795847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The low sensitivity of Mobile Health (mHealth) optical detectors, such as those found on mobile phones, is a limiting factor for many mHealth clinical applications. To improve sensitivity, we have combined two approaches for optical signal amplification: (1) a computational approach based on an image stacking algorithm to decrease the image noise and enhance weak signals, and (2) an optical signal amplifier utilizing a capillary tube array. These approaches were used in a detection system which includes multi-wavelength LEDs capable of exciting many fluorophores in multiple wavelengths, a mobile phone or a webcam as a detector, and capillary tube array configured with 36 capillary tubes for signal enhancement. The capillary array enables a ~100× increase in signal sensitivity for fluorescein, reducing the limit of detection (LOD) for mobile phones and webcams from 1000 nM to 10nM. Computational image stacking enables another ~10× increase in signal sensitivity, further reducing the LOD for webcam from 10nM to 1 nM. To demonstrate the feasibility of the device for the detection of disease-related biomarkers, adenovirus DNA labeled with SYBR green or fluorescein was analyzed by both our capillary array and a commercial plate reader. The LOD for the capillary array was 5 ug/mL, and that of the plate reader was 1 ug/mL. Similar results were obtained using DNA stained with fluorescein. The combination of the two signal amplification approaches enables a ~1000× increase in LOD for the webcam platform. This brings it into the range of a conventional plate reader while using a smaller sample volume (10 ul) than the plate reader requires (100 ul). This suggests that such a device could be suitable for biosensing applications where up to 10 fold smaller sample sizes are needed. The simple optical configuration for mHealth described in this paper employing the combined capillary and image processing signal amplification is capable of measuring weak fluorescent signals without the need of dedicated laboratories. It has the potential to be used to increase sensitivity of other optically based mHealth technologies, and may increase mHealth's clinical utility, especially for telemedicine and for resource-poor settings and global health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Balsam
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States; University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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ZHANG T, ZHAO H, LEI A, QUAN X. Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Based on Inhibition Biocatalysis of Enzymatic Fuel Cell. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.82.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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4
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Balsam J, Bruck HA, Rasooly A. Capillary Array Waveguide Amplified Fluorescence Detector for mHealth. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2013; 186:711-717. [PMID: 24039345 PMCID: PMC3769705 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mobile Health (mHealth) analytical technologies are potentially useful for carrying out modern medical diagnostics in resource-poor settings. Effective mHealth devices for underserved populations need to be simple, low cost, and portable. Although cell phone cameras have been used for biodetection, their sensitivity is a limiting factor because currently it is too low to be effective for many mHealth applications, which depend on detection of weak fluorescent signals. To improve the sensitivity of portable phones, a capillary tube array was developed to amplify fluorescence signals using their waveguide properties. An array configured with 36 capillary tubes was demonstrated to have a ~100X increase in sensitivity, lowering the limit of detection (LOD) of mobile phones from 1000 nM to 10 nM for fluorescein. To confirm that the amplification was due to waveguide behavior, we coated the external surfaces of the capillaries with silver. The silver coating interfered with the waveguide behavior and diminished the fluorescence signal, thereby proving that the waveguide behavior was the main mechanism for enhancing optical sensitivity. The optical configuration described here is novel in several ways. First, the use of capillaries waveguide properties to improve detection of weak florescence signal is new. Second we describe here a three dimensional illumination system, while conventional angular laser waveguide illumination is spot (or line), which is functionally one-dimensional illumination, can illuminate only a single capillary or a single column (when a line generator is used) of capillaries and thus inherently limits the multiplexing capability of detection. The planar illumination demonstrated in this work enables illumination of a two dimensional capillary array (e.g. x columns and y rows of capillaries). In addition, the waveguide light propagation via the capillary wall provides a third dimension for illumination along the axis of the capillaries. Such an array can potentially be used for sensitive analysis of multiple fluorescent detection assays simultaneously. The simple phone based capillary array approach presented in this paper is capable of amplifying weak fluorescent signals thereby improving the sensitivity of optical detectors based on mobile phones. This may allow sensitive biological assays to be measured with low sensitivity detectors and may make mHealth practical for many diagnostics applications, especially in resource-poor and global health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Balsam
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 ; University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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Gholizadeh A, Shahrokhian S, Iraji zad A, Mohajerzadeh S, Vosoughi M, Darbari S, Koohsorkhi J, Mehran M. Fabrication of Sensitive Glutamate Biosensor Based on Vertically Aligned CNT Nanoelectrode Array and Investigating the Effect of CNTs density on the electrode performance. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5932-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300463x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Gholizadeh
- Institute for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shahrokhian
- Institute for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave Tehran 11155-9516,
Iran
| | - Azam Iraji zad
- Institute for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Shamsoddin Mohajerzadeh
- Thin Film and Nano-electronic
Laboratory, Nano-electronic Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Karegar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vosoughi
- Institute for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbari
- Thin Film and Nano-electronic
Laboratory, Nano-electronic Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Karegar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Koohsorkhi
- Thin Film and Nano-electronic
Laboratory, Nano-electronic Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Karegar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Mehran
- Thin Film and Nano-electronic
Laboratory, Nano-electronic Center of Excellence, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Karegar Ave., Tehran, Iran
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Mediator-less highly sensitive voltammetric detection of glutamate using glutamate dehydrogenase/vertically aligned CNTs grown on silicon substrate. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 31:110-5. [PMID: 22040749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive glutamate biosensor is prepared based on glutamate dehydrogenase/vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (GLDH, VACNTs). Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on a silicon substrate by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD) method. The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized VACNTs was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods. Glutamate dehydrogenase covalently attached on tip of VACNTs. The electrochemical performance of the electrode for detection of glutamate was investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Differential pulse voltammetric determinations of glutamate are performed in mediator-less condition and also, in the presence of 1 and 5 μM thionine as electron mediator. The linear calibration curve of the concentration of glutamate versus peak current is investigated in a wide range of 0.1-500 μM. The mediator-less biosensor has a low detection limit of 57 nM and two linear ranges of 0.1-20 μM with a sensitivity of 0.976 mA mM(-1) cm(-2) and 20-300 μM with a sensitivity of 0.182 mA mM(-1) cm(-2). In the presence of 1 μM thionine as an electron mediator, the prepared biosensor shows a low detection limit of 68 nM and two linear ranges of 0.1-20 with a calibration sensitivity of 1.17 mA mM(-1) cm(-2) and 20-500 μM with a sensitivity of 0.153 mA mM(-1) cm(-2). The effects of the other biological compounds on the voltammetric behavior of the prepared biosensor and its response stability are investigated. The results are demonstrated that the GLDH/VACNTs electrode even without electron mediator is a suitable basic electrode for detection of glutamate.
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Rothwell SA, O'Neill RD. Effects of applied potential on the mass of non-conducting poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) electro-deposited on EQCM electrodes: comparison with biosensor selectivity parameters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:5413-21. [PMID: 21359356 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance (EQCM) was used to determine the mass of poly-(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) layers electro-deposited at different applied potentials in neutral buffered monomer solution, conditions that produce the insulating form of the polymer used as a permselective membrane in biosensor applications. There was a systematic increase in the total, steady state PoPD mass deposited for fixed applied potentials from 0.05 to 0.6 V vs. SCE, followed by a plateau up to 0.8 V. Comparison of PoPD mass and permselectivity parameters indicates that the ability of the passivating form of PoPD to block interference species in biosensor applications is not related in a simple way to the mass of material deposited on the surface. Instead, effects of the applied electropolymerisation potential in driving the electro-oxidation of oPD dimers and oligomers formed during the electro-deposition process are likely to have a more direct impact on the selectivity characteristics of the PoPD layer. The results highlight the usefulness of apparent permeabilities, especially of ascorbic acid, in revealing differences between PoPD layers electro-deposited under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Rothwell
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Rothwell SA, Kinsella ME, Zain ZM, Serra PA, Rocchitta G, Lowry JP, O'Neill RD. Contributions by a novel edge effect to the permselectivity of an electrosynthesized polymer for microbiosensor applications. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3911-8. [PMID: 19371060 DOI: 10.1021/ac900162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pt electrodes of different sizes (2 x 10(-5)-2 x 10(-2) cm(2)) and geometries (disks and cylinders) were coated with the ultrathin non-conducting form of poly(o-phenylenediamine), PPD, using amperometric electrosynthesis. Analysis of the ascorbic acid (AA) and H(2)O(2) apparent permeabilities for these Pt/PPD sensors revealed that the PPD deposited near the electrode insulation (Teflon or glass edge) was not as effective as the bulk surface PPD for blocking AA access to the Pt substrate. This discovery impacts on the design of implantable biosensors where electrodeposited polymers, such as PPD, are commonly used as the permselective barrier to block electroactive interference by reducing agents present in the target medium. The undesirable "edge effect" was particularly marked for small disk electrodes which have a high edge density (ratio of PPD-insulation edge length to electrode area), but was essentially absent for cylinder electrodes with a length of >0.2 mm. Sample biosensors, with a configuration based on these findings (25 microm diameter Pt fiber cylinders) and designed for brain neurotransmitter L-glutamate, behaved well in vitro in terms of Glu sensitivity and AA blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Rothwell
- UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Rahman MM, Umar A, Sawada K. High-sensitive glutamate biosensor based on NADH at Lauth's violet/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite film on gold substrates. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1511-6. [PMID: 19143491 DOI: 10.1021/jp809693z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive amperometric L-glutamate biosensor based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide has been developed on Lauth's Violet (known as thionine)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Th-MWCNTs) composite film, which is used as a mediator and an enzyme immobilization matrix. The glutamate biosensor, which is fabricated by immobilizing glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) on the surface of Th-MWCNTs, displayed a precipitous response (ca. 3 s), a low detection limit (15.9 nM), a wide linear dynamic range (0.1 to 500 microM), and high sensitivity of 281.6 microAmM(-1) cm(-2), higher biological affinity, as well as good stability and repeatability. Interferences from other biological compounds were also studied for the fabricated sensor. The Th-MWCNTs system exemplifies a simple and efficient approach to the assimilation of GLDH and electrodes, which can provide analytical access to a large group of enzymes for wide range of bioelectrochemical applications in health care fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rahman
- Venture Business Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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Meng L, Wu P, Chen G, Cai C, Sun Y, Yuan Z. Low potential detection of glutamate based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at thionine/single-walled carbon nanotubes composite modified electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:1751-6. [PMID: 18945610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A glutamate biosensor based on the electrocatalytic oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which was generated by the enzymatic reaction, was developed via employing a single-walled carbon nanotubes/thionine (Th-SWNTs) nanocomposite as a mediator and an enzyme immobilization matrix. The biosensor, which was fabricated by immobilizing glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH) on the surface of Th-SWNTs, exhibited a rapid response (ca. 5s), a low detection limit (0.1 microM), a wide and useful linear range (0.5-400 microM), high sensitivity (137.3+/-15.7) microA mM(-1)cm(-2), higher biological affinity, as well as good stability and repeatability. In addition, the common interfering species, such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and 4-acetamidophenol, did not cause any interference due to the use of a low operating potential (190 mV vs. NHE). The biosensor can be used to quantify the concentration of glutamate in the physiological level. The Th-SWNTs system represents a simple and effective approach to the integration of dehydrogenase and electrodes, which can provide analytical access to a large group of enzymes for wide range of bioelectrochemical applications including biosensors and biofuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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Chakraborty S, Retna Raj C. Amperometric biosensing of glutamate using carbon nanotube based electrode. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Li YS, Gao XF. Determination of various alcohols based on a new immobilized enzyme fluorescence capillary analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 588:140-6. [PMID: 17386803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 12/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of ethanol in tequila based on the immobilized enzyme fluorescence capillary analysis (IE-EFCA) has been proposed. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was immobilized in inner surface of a capillary and an immobilized enzyme capillary bioreactor (IE-ECBR) was formed. After nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as an oxidizer is mixed with alcohol sample solution, it was sucked into the IE-ECBR. The fluorescence intensity of the mixed solution in the IE-ECBR was detected at lambda(ex)=350 nm and lambda(em)=459 nm. The experimental conditions are as follows: The reaction time is 20 min; temperature is 40 degrees C; the concentrations of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) and NAD(+) are 0.1 mol L(-1) and 5 mmol L(-1), respectively; immobilization concentration of ADH is 10 U L(-1). The determination range of ethanol is 2.0-15.0 g L(-1) (F=10.44C+6.6002, r>0.9958); its detection limit is 1.11 g L(-1); and relative standard deviation is 1.9%. IE-EFCA method is applicable for the determination of the samples containing alcohol in medicine, industry and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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SATO M, YANAGIDA K, TANAKA A, SUGAWARA M. Preparation and Stability of Avidin-Modified Glass Slips. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi SATO
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Koji YANAGIDA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Ayako TANAKA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
| | - Masao SUGAWARA
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University
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Basu AK, Chattopadhyay P, Roychudhuri U, Chakraborty R. A biosensor based on co-immobilized l-glutamate oxidase and l-glutamate dehydrogenase for analysis of monosodium glutamate in food. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1968-72. [PMID: 16289827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A monosodium glutamate (MSG) biosensor made by co-immobilized L-glutamate oxidase (L-GLOD) and L-glutamate dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) as the bio-component based on substrate recycling for highly sensitive MSG or L-glutamate determination, has been developed. Regeneration of MSG by substrate recycling provided an amplification of the sensor response. Higher signal amplification was found in the presence of ammonium ion. The sensor was standardized to determine MSG in the range of 0.02-3.0 mg/L. Linearity was obtained from 0.02 to 1.2 mg/L in presence of ammonium ion (10 mM) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) (2 mM), but in absence of L-GLDH, the detection limit of MSG is confined to 0.1 mg/L. The apparent Km for MSG with L-GLOD-L-GLDH coupled reaction was 0.4451 mM but 1.9222 mM when only L-GLOD was immobilized. Cross linking with glutaraldehyde in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a spacer molecule has been used for the method of immobilization. The response time of the sensor was 2 min. The optimum pH and temperature of the biosensor has been determined as 7+/-2 and 25+/-2 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme immobilized on the membrane was used for over 50 measurements. The standard error of the sample measurement was 4-5%. The activity of the enzyme-immobilized membrane was tested over a period of 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Kumar Basu
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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HASEBE Y, GU T, KUSAKABE H. Glutamate Biosensor Using a DNA-Cu(II)/polyamine Membrane as a Novel Electrocataytic Layer for Cathodic Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.74.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zhang M, Mullens C, Gorski W. Chitosan-Glutamate Oxidase Gels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Glutamate Determination. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wu LC, Cheng CM. Flow-injection enzymatic analysis for glycerol and triacylglycerol. Anal Biochem 2005; 346:234-40. [PMID: 16213458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A flow-injection enzymatic analytical system was developed for determination of glycerol and triacylglycerol based on enzymatic reactions in capillary followed by electrochemical detection. The hydrogen peroxide produced from the enzyme reaction was monitored by a platinum-based electrochemical probe. Different immobilization strategies on silica support were studied. The best and most effective configuration found for the measurement of glycerol and triacylglycerols in this system was the tandem connection of a lipase column and a silica-fused capillary column coimmobilized with glycerokinase (GK) and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO). Lipase helps the breakdown of triacylglycerol to yield free fatty acids and glycerol, while glycerokinase catalyzes the adenosine-5-triphosphate-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol to yield alpha-glycerol phosphate, which can subsequently be oxidized by 3-glycerol phosphate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide. Response-surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the proposed system for glycerol. Experiment settings were designed by central composite design to investigate the combined effects of pH, flow rate, reaction temperature, and ATP concentration on collected signals. The fitted model, per RSM, showed that the optimum conditions of the system are 2 mM ATP in 0.1 M carbonate buffer (pH 11.0), flow rate of 0.18 mL/min, temperature of 35 degrees C, 20 microL of sample injection, and applied voltage of 0.650 V. The proposed biosensing system using lipase, GK, and GPO exhibited a flow-injection analysis peak response of 2.5 min and a detection limit of 5 x 10(-5) M glycerol (S/N = 3) with acceptable reproducibility (CV < 4.30%). It also had linear working ranges from 10(-4) to 10(-2) M for glycerol and from 10(-3) to 10(-2) M for triacylglycerol. The capillary enzyme reactor was stable up to 2 months in continuous operation, and it was possible to analyze up to 15 samples per hour. The present biosensing system holds promise for on-line detection of triacylglycerol in serum and glycerol content in fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Wu
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi-Nan University, Puli, Nantou 545, Taiwan.
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Kueng A, Kranz C, Mizaikoff B. Amperometric ATP biosensor based on polymer entrapped enzymes. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1301-7. [PMID: 15046763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 11/09/2003] [Accepted: 11/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A dual enzyme electrode for the detection of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) at physiologically relevant pH levels was developed by co-immobilization of the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOD) and hexokinase (HEX) using pH-shift induced deposition of enzyme containing polymer films. Application of a simple electrochemical procedure for the co-immobilization of the enzymes at electrode surfaces exhibits a major improvement of sensitivity, response time, reproducibility, and ease of fabrication of ATP biosensors. Competition between glucose oxidase and hexokinase for the substrate glucose involving ATP as a co-substrate allows the determination of ATP concentrations. Notable control on the immobilization process enables fabrication of micro biosensors with a diameter of 25 microm. The presented concept provides the technological basis for a new generation of fast responding, sensitive, and robust biosensors for the detection of ATP at physiological pH values with a detection limit of 10 nmol l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kueng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
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Alaejos MS, García Montelongo FJ. Application of amperometric biosensors to the determination of vitamins and alpha-amino acids. Chem Rev 2004; 104:3239-66. [PMID: 15250741 DOI: 10.1021/cr0304471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Sanz Alaejos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition & Food Science, University of La Laguna, 38204-La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Collins A, Mikeladze E, Bengtsson M, Kokaia M, Laurell T, Csöregi E. Interference Elimination in Glutamate Monitoring with Chip Integrated Enzyme Microreactors. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200104)13:6<425::aid-elan425>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Belay A, Collins A, Ruzgas T, Kissinger PT, Gorton L, Csöregi E. Redox hydrogel based bienzyme electrode for L-glutamate monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 19:93-105. [PMID: 10698571 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(98)00199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric bienzyme electrodes based on coupled L-glutamate oxidase (GlOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were constructed for the direct monitoring of L-glutamate in a flow injection (FI)-system. The bienzyme electrodes were constructed by coating solid graphite rods with a premixed solution containing GlOx and HRP crosslinked with a redox polymer formed of poly(1-vinylimidazole) complexed with (osmium (4-4'-dimethylbpy)2 Cl)II/III. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) was used as the crosslinker and the modified electrodes were inserted as the working electrode in a conventional three electrode flow through amperometric cell operated at -0.05 V versus Ag¿AgCl (0.1 M KCl). The bienzyme electrode was optimized with regard to wire composition, Os-loading of the wires, enzyme ratios, coating procedure, flow rate, effect of poly(ethyleneimine) addition, etc. The optimized electrodes were characterized by a sensitivity of 88.36 +/- 0.14 microA mM(-1) cm(-2), a detection limit of 0.3 microM (calculated as three times the signal-to-noise ratio), a response time of less than 10 s and responded linearly between 0.3 and 250 microM (linear regression coefficient = 0.999) with an operational stability of only 3% sensitivity loss during 8 h of continuous FI operation at a sample throughput of 30 injections h(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belay
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Pasco N, Jeffries C, Davies Q, Downard AJ, Roddick-Lanzilotta AD, Gorton L. Characterisation of a thermophilic L-glutamate dehydrogenase biosensor for amperometric determination of L-glutamate by flow injection analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:171-8. [PMID: 10101839 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon paste wax electrodes incorporating thermophilic L-glutamate dehydrogenase, NADP and a polymeric toluidine blue O (poly-TBO) mediator have been characterised for the amperometric determination of L-glutamate at 313-318 K in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The biosensors exhibit good sensitivity, mechanical stability and reproducibilty, unlike carbon paste- or carbon wax-based electrodes under the same conditions. The carbon paste wax electrode responds linearly to L-glutamate up to 40 mM, the detection limit is 0.3 mM and the RSD (n = 10) for 5 mM L-glutamate was 7.6%. The response to some potential interferents has been quantified. Addition of finely ground hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride ([Ru(NH3)6]Cl3) to the carbon paste wax electrodes decreases the FIA peak width and increases the peak current. The metal complex appears to accelerate the rate of oxidation of NAD(P)H by poly-TBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pasco
- Lincoln Technology, Lincoln Ventures Limited, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Abstract
In the present work we propose a new optical immunosensor based on capillary geometry and capable of multianalyte determinations. The device is made of a polystyrene capillary tube. The inner walls of the capillary are segmented into distinct bands which are coated with appropriate binding molecules. Following excitation, some of the fluorescent photons emitted by the label are trapped and waveguided into the capillary walls provided they are launched towards the walls and within the critical angle. Here, Europium-labeled streptavidin reacted with different amounts of biotinylated bovine serum albumin immobilized onto each one of the bands. Due to the small inner volume of the capillary and the multianalyte feature we expect that the proposed device can be used for fast and inexpensive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Misiakos
- Microelectronics Institute, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
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VanderNoot VA, Hileman RE, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Affinity capillary electrophoresis employing immobilized glycosaminoglycan to resolve heparin-binding peptides. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:437-41. [PMID: 9551798 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150190313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new capillary electrophoresis technique has been developed for the affinity resolution of synthetic heparin-binding peptides using an immobilized glycosaminoglycan. Heparin and heparan sulfate were immobilized onto fused silica capillaries using biotin-neutravidin conjugation. These capillaries exhibited markedly reduced electroosmotic flow and were able to distinguish peptides based on the heparin binding domain of acidic fibroblast growth factor (residues 125-144, GLKKNGSCKRGPRTHYGQKA) that differed only in the stereochemistry of the proline amino acid residue. The peptide based on the native sequence was retarded compared to the peptide having unnatural stereochemistry, consistent with its stronger interaction for immobilized glycosaminoglycan. Improved resolution is also obtained for additional arginine and lysine containing heparin-binding peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A VanderNoot
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Bioprocessing, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Anderson DJ, Guo B, Xu Y, Ng LM, Kricka LJ, Skogerboe KJ, Hage DS, Schoeff L, Wang J, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW, Ward KM, Davis KA. Clinical chemistry. Anal Chem 1997; 69:165R-229R. [PMID: 9195857 DOI: 10.1021/a1970008p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Ohio 44115, USA
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