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Nasr S, Borges A, Sahyoun C, Nasr R, Roufayel R, Legros C, Sabatier JM, Fajloun Z. Scorpion Venom as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides: Overview of Biomolecule Separation, Analysis and Characterization Methods. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1380. [PMID: 37760677 PMCID: PMC10525675 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Scorpion venoms have long captivated scientific researchers, primarily due to the potency and specificity of the mechanism of action of their derived components. Among other molecules, these venoms contain highly active compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and ion channel-specific components that selectively target biological receptors with remarkable affinity. Some of these receptors have emerged as prime therapeutic targets for addressing various human pathologies, including cancer and infectious diseases, and have served as models for designing novel drugs. Consequently, extensive biochemical and proteomic investigations have focused on characterizing scorpion venoms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the key methodologies used in the extraction, purification, analysis, and characterization of AMPs and other bioactive molecules present in scorpion venoms. Noteworthy techniques such as gel electrophoresis, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and "omics" approaches are explored, along with various combinations of methods that enable bioassay-guided venom fractionation. Furthermore, this review presents four adapted proteomic workflows that lead to the comprehensive dissection of the scorpion venom proteome, with an emphasis on AMPs. These workflows differ based on whether the venom is pre-fractionated using separation techniques or is proteolytically digested directly before further proteomic analyses. Since the composition and functionality of scorpion venoms are species-specific, the selection and sequence of the techniques for venom analyses, including these workflows, should be tailored to the specific parameters of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nasr
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Adolfo Borges
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Toxinas y Receptores, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 50587, Venezuela;
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Asunción 1255, Paraguay
| | - Christina Sahyoun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.N.); (C.S.)
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Team 2 CarMe, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Riad Nasr
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Public Health 3, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1200, Lebanon;
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | - Christian Legros
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Team 2 CarMe, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (S.N.); (C.S.)
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
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2
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Wicht K, Baert M, von Doehren N, Desmet G, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Speeding up temperature-responsive × reversed-phase comprehensive liquid chromatography through the combined exploitation of temperature and flow rate gradients. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Wicht K, Baert M, Schipperges S, von Doehren N, Desmet G, Van Geem KM, de Villiers A, Lynen F. Enhanced Sensitivity in Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography: Overcoming the Dilution Problem in LC × LC via Temperature-Responsive Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16728-16737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Wicht
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Schipperges
- Agilent Technologies, Hewlett Packard Street 8, D-76337 Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Norwin von Doehren
- Agilent Technologies, Netherlands BV, NL-4330 EA Middelburg, Netherlands
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Foster SW, Parker D, Kurre S, Boughton J, Stoll DR, Grinias JP. A review of two-dimensional liquid chromatography approaches using parallel column arrays in the second dimension. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1228:340300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Development of High-Resolution Multidimensional Native Protein Microfluidic Chip Electrophoresis Fingerprinting and its Application in the Quick Analysis of Unknown Microorganisms. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Chapel S, Heinisch S. Strategies to circumvent the solvent strength mismatch problem in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:7-26. [PMID: 34525266 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
On-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography is a powerful technique for the separation of highly complex samples. Due to the addition of the second dimension of separation, impressive peak capacities can be obtained within a reasonable analysis time compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. In online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography, the separation power is maximized by selecting two separation dimensions as orthogonal as possible, which most often requires the combination of different mobile phases and stationary phases. The online transfer of a given solvent from the first dimension to the second dimension may cause severe injection effects in the second dimension, mostly due to solvent strength mismatch. Those injection effects may include peak broadening, peak distortion, peak splitting or breakthrough phenomenon. They are often found to reduce significantly the peak capacity and the peak intensity. To overcome such effects, arising specifically in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography, different methods have been developed over the years. In this review, we focused on the most recently reported ones. A critical discussion, supported by a theoretical approach, gives an overview of their advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Chapel
- Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des sciences analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
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7
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Simplifying the Proteome: Analytical Strategies for Improving Peak Capacity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:501-513. [PMID: 31347067 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of biological samples and dynamic range of analytes being analyzed can prove to be an analytical challenge and is particularly prevalent to proteomic studies. Maximizing the peak capacity of the workflow employed can extend the dynamic range and increase identification rates. The focus of this chapter is to present means of achieving this for various analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and ion mobility. A combination of these methods can be used as part of a data independent acquisition strategy, thereby limiting issues such as chimericy when analyzing regions of extreme analyte density.
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8
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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography consisting of twelve second-dimension columns for comprehensive analysis of intact proteins. Talanta 2018; 182:225-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Pirok BWJ, Gargano AFG, Schoenmakers PJ. Optimizing separations in online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:68-98. [PMID: 29027363 PMCID: PMC5814945 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography has become an attractive option for the analysis of complex nonvolatile samples found in various fields (e.g. environmental studies, food, life, and polymer sciences). Two-dimensional liquid chromatography complements the highly popular hyphenated systems that combine liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography is also applied to the analysis of samples that are not compatible with mass spectrometry (e.g. high-molecular-weight polymers), providing important information on the distribution of the sample components along chemical dimensions (molecular weight, charge, lipophilicity, stereochemistry, etc.). Also, in comparison with conventional one-dimensional liquid chromatography, two-dimensional liquid chromatography provides a greater separation power (peak capacity). Because of the additional selectivity and higher peak capacity, the combination of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry allows for simpler mixtures of compounds to be introduced in the ion source at any given time, improving quantitative analysis by reducing matrix effects. In this review, we summarize the rationale and principles of two-dimensional liquid chromatography experiments, describe advantages and disadvantages of combining different selectivities and discuss strategies to improve the quality of two-dimensional liquid chromatography separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea F G Gargano
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam, Analytical-Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Zhang H, Ma S, Yao Y, Li Y, Li Y, Ou J, Ye M, Wei Y. Facile preparation of multi-functionalized hybrid monoliths via two-step photo-initiated reactions for two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:135-142. [PMID: 28985904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach was developed to prepare hybrid monoliths with different functions via two-step photo-initiated reactions. Firstly, acrylopropyl polyhedral oligomertic silsesquioxane (acryl-POSS) and propargyl acrylate (PA) were used as precursors to synthesize alkynyl-functionalized hybrid monoliths via photo-initiated free radical polymerization. Secondly, the hybrid monoliths were modified with 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) and sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (SMPS) via photo-initiated thiol-yne click reaction to prepare reversed-phase (RP) and strong cation-exchange (SCX) hybrid monoliths, respectively. The results of chromatographic characterization indicated that the column efficiencies for alkylbenzenes on ODT-modified hybrid monolith reached 84,000-87,700 plates per meter at the velocity of 0.58mm/s, and also revealed a retention-independent efficient performance of small molecules in isocratic elution. The SMPS-modified hybrid monolith exhibited both hydrophobicity and ion-exchange mechanisms, and the dynamic binding capacity was calculated to be 1.4×10-4μmol/cm. Human Hela cells tryptic digest was well separated on ODT-modified hybrid monolith in one-dimensional RPLC-MS/MS, and 2786 unique peptides and 685 proteins were identified. Furthermore, the SMPS-modified monolith coupled with ODT-modified monolith was used for two-dimensional separation of human Hela cells tryptic digest in SCX-RPLC-MS/MS, and the results showed that 9744 unique peptides and 2749 proteins were identified. Compared to those identified in one-dimensional RP system, the total numbers of unique peptides and proteins identified in SCX-RP system increased by 249.7% and 301.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yating Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
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2D-LC as an on-line desalting tool allowing peptide identification directly from MS unfriendly HPLC methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Improving Proteome Coverage by Reducing Sample Complexity via Chromatography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 919:83-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41448-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Gargano AFG, Duffin M, Navarro P, Schoenmakers PJ. Reducing Dilution and Analysis Time in Online Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography by Active Modulation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1785-93. [PMID: 26709410 PMCID: PMC5373567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) offers ways to achieve high-performance separations in terms of peak capacity (exceeding 1000) and additional selectivity to realize applications that cannot be addressed with one-dimensional chromatography (1D-LC). However, the greater resolving power of LC × LC comes at the price of higher dilutions (thus, reduced sensitivity) and, often, long analysis times (>100 min). The need to preserve the separation attained in the first dimension ((1)D) causes greater dilution for LC × LC, in comparison with 1D-LC, and long analysis times to sample the (1)D with an adequate number of second dimension separations. A way to significantly reduce these downsides is to introduce a concentration step between the two chromatographic dimensions. In this work we present a possible active-modulation approach to concentrate the fractions of (1)D effluent. A typical LC × LC system is used with the addition of a dilution flow to decrease the strength of the (1)D effluent and a modulation unit that uses trap columns. The potential of this approach is demonstrated for the separation of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate surfactants, using a combination of hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The modified LC × LC system enabled us to halve the analysis time necessary to obtain a similar degree of separation efficiency with respect to UHPLC based LC × LC and of 5 times with respect to HPLC instrumentation (40 compared with 80 and 200 min, respectively), while at the same time reducing dilution (DF of 142, 299, and 1529, respectively) and solvent consumption per analysis (78, 120, and 800 mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. G. Gargano
- TI-COAST, Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mike Duffin
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, United
Kingdom
| | - Pablo Navarro
- Syngenta, Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell,
Berkshire RG42 6EY, United
Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Li Z, Chen K, Guo MZ, Tang DQ. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography and its application in traditional Chinese medicine analysis and metabonomic investigation. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:21-37. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Meng-zhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dao-quan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
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15
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Wang C, Chen S, Brailsford JA, Yamniuk AP, Tymiak AA, Zhang Y. Characterization and quantification of histidine degradation in therapeutic protein formulations by size exclusion-hydrophilic interaction two dimensional-liquid chromatography with stable-isotope labeling mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Gu C, Gruenhagen J, Zhang K, Yehl P, Chetwyn NP, Medley CD. A size exclusion-reversed phase two dimensional-liquid chromatography methodology for stability and small molecule related species in antibody drug conjugates. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1393:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Samperi R, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Colapicchioni V, Chiozzi RZ, Laganà A. Food Proteins and Peptides. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Yin X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen C, Lu H, Shen H, Yang P. Systematic comparison between SDS-PAGE/RPLC and high-/low-pH RPLC coupled tandem mass spectrometry strategies in a whole proteome analysis. Analyst 2015; 140:1314-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic comparison of two fractionation methods, which are SDS-PAGE in the protein level and high-pH RPLC in the peptide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Huali Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Science Shanghai Medical School
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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20
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Zhao P, Schulz TC, Sherrer ES, Weatherly DB, Robins AJ, Wells L. The human embryonic stem cell proteome revealed by multidimensional fractionation followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2014; 15:554-66. [PMID: 25367160 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have received considerable attention due to their therapeutic potential and usefulness in understanding early development and cell fate commitment. In order to appreciate the unique properties of these pluripotent, self-renewing cells, we have performed an in-depth multidimensional fractionation followed by LC-MS/MS analysis of the hESCs harvested from defined media to elucidate expressed, phosphorylated, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modified, and secreted proteins. From the triplicate analysis, we were able to assign more than 3000 proteins with less than 1% false-discovery rate. This analysis also allowed us to identify nearly 500 phosphorylation sites and 68 sites of O-GlcNAc modification with the same high confidence. Investigation of the phosphorylation sites allowed us to deduce the set of kinases that are likely active in these cells. We also identified more than 100 secreted proteins of hESCs that likely play a role in extracellular matrix formation and remodeling, as well as autocrine signaling for self-renewal and maintenance of the undifferentiated state. Finally, by performing in-depth analysis in triplicate, spectral counts were obtained for these proteins and posttranslationally modified peptides, which will allow us to perform relative quantitative analysis between these cells and any derived cell type in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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21
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Zhao Y, Szeto SSW, Kong RPW, Law CH, Li G, Quan Q, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Chu IK. Online two-dimensional porous graphitic carbon/reversed phase liquid chromatography platform applied to shotgun proteomics and glycoproteomics. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12172-9. [PMID: 25393709 DOI: 10.1021/ac503254t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel fully automatable two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) platform has been integrated into a modified commercial off-the-shelf LC instrument, incorporating porous graphitic carbon (PGC) separation and conventional low-pH reversed-phase (RP) separation for both proteomics and N-glycomics analyses; the dual-trap column configuration of this platform offers desirable high-throughput analyses with almost no idle time, in addition to a miniaturized setup and simplified operation. The total run time per analysis was only 19 h when using eight PGC fractions for unattended large-scale qualitative and quantitative proteomic analyses; the identification of 2678 nonredundant proteins and 11,984 unique peptides provided one of the most comprehensive proteome data sets for primary cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). The effect of pH on the PGC column was investigated for the first time to improve the hydrophobic peptide coverage; the performance of the optimized system was first benchmarked using tryptic digests of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell lysates and then evaluated through duplicate analyses of Macaca fascicularis cerebral cortex lysates using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. An additional plug-and-play PGC module functioned in a complementary manner to recover unretained hydrophilic solutes from the low-pH RP column; synchronization of the fractionations between the PGC-RP system and the PGC module facilitated simultaneous analyses of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds from a single sample injection event. This methodology was applied to perform, for the first time, detailed glycomics analyses of Macaca fascicularis plasma, resulting in the identification of a total 130 N-glycosylated plasma proteins, 705 N-glycopeptides, and 254 N-glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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22
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Link AJ, Washburn MP. Analysis of protein composition using multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2014; 78:23.1.1-23.1.25. [PMID: 25367006 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps2301s78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional liquid chromatography of peptides produced by protease digestion of complex protein mixtures followed by tandem mass spectrometry can be coupled with automated database searching to identify large numbers of proteins in complex samples. These methods avoid the limitations of gel electrophoresis and in-gel digestions by directly identifying protein mixtures in solution. One method used extensively is named Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), where reversed-phase chromatography and strong cation-exchange chromatography are coupled directly in a microcapillary column. This column is then placed in line between an HPLC and a mass spectrometer for complex mixture analysis. MudPIT remains a powerful approach for analyzing complex mixtures like whole proteomes and protein complexes. MudPIT is used for quantitative proteomic analysis of complex mixtures to generate novel biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Link
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Place BJ, Morris MJ, Phillips MM, Sander LC, Rimmer CA. Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Chen F, Wan D, Chang Z, Pu H, Jin M. Highly efficient separation, enrichment, and recovery of peptides by silica-supported polyethylenimine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12250-12257. [PMID: 25262957 DOI: 10.1021/la502093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and charge-selective adsorption and desorption of peptides at trace level by a solid-phase adsorbent is described. The adsorbent of SiO2@PEI is synthesized by covalent immobilization of branched polyethylenimines (PEI) exclusively on the outer surface of the porous silica particles (∼300 μm). For aqueous peptides (Mw = 600-3000 Da), SiO2@PEI can capture the negatively charged ones and leave the positively charged ones intact, and by adjusting pH of the system peptides with different isoelectric points (pIs) can be well separated. Targeted peptide at low abundance (at least as low as 0.1 mol % with respect to the highest one) can be well separated. The association constants of K > 10(12) M(-1) at pH > pI and K < 10(4) M(-1) at pH < pI are found; that is, selectivity > 10(8) is generally available. Thus, a peptide even at sub-femtomolar level can be extracted and eluted for analysis, and efficient recovery (79-92%) of the peptides is found. The extraction is mainly promoted by multisite electrostatic interaction, and the hydrophilic and cationic properties of PEI at low pH play a unique role in desorption efficiency and selectivity. The unbiased nature of this method renders the adsorbent applicable to the efficient separation of a broad spectrum of peptides, including those with similar pIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Institute of Functional Polymers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , 4800 Cao-an Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China
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25
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Monolithic and core–shell columns in comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:139-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Magdeldin S, Moresco JJ, Yamamoto T, Yates JR. Off-Line Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography and Auto Sampling Result in Sample Loss in LC/LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3826-36. [PMID: 25040086 PMCID: PMC4123945 DOI: 10.1021/pr500530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale proteomics often employs two orthogonal separation methods to fractionate complex peptide mixtures. Fractionation can involve ion exchange separation coupled to reversed-phase separation or, more recently, two reversed-phase separations performed at different pH values. When multidimensional separations are combined with tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification, the strategy is often referred to as multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). MudPIT has been used in either an automated (online) or manual (offline) format. In this study, we evaluated the performance of different MudPIT strategies by both label-free and tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric tagging. Our findings revealed that online MudPIT provided more peptide/protein identifications and higher sequence coverage than offline platforms. When employing an off-line fractionation method with direct loading of samples onto the column from an eppendorf tube via a high-pressure device, a 5.3% loss in protein identifications is observed. When off-line fractionated samples are loaded via an autosampler, a 44.5% loss in protein identifications is observed compared with direct loading of samples onto a triphasic capillary column. Moreover, peptide recovery was significantly lower after offline fractionation than in online fractionation. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, however, was not significantly altered between experimental groups. It is likely that offline sample collection results in stochastic peptide loss due to noncovalent adsorption to solid surfaces. Therefore, the use of the offline approaches should be considered carefully when processing minute quantities of valuable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Magdeldin
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - James J. Moresco
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department
of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - John R. Yates
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Morisaka H, Hata K, Mima J, Tanigawa T, Furuno M, Ishizuka N, Tanaka N, Ueda M. Enhanced Sequence Coverage in Tryptic Fragment Analysis by Two-Dimensional HPLC/MS Using a Monolithic Silica Capillary Column. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:2154-9. [PMID: 17003524 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The HPLC/MS system, in which a monolithic silica capillary column is directly connected to an electronspray-ionization mass spectrometer, showed superior performance at high mobile phase linear velocity. A two-dimensional (2D) HPLC/MS system was established, using an ion-exchange particle-packed capillary column at the first dimension and a monolithic silica capillary column at the second dimension. In an analysis of tryptic fragments from bovine serum albumin, an 81% sequence coverage, obtained by the 2D-HPLC/MS system, increased by 23% as compared to a 1D-HPLC/MS system. This 2D-HPLC/MS system using a monolithic silica capillary column should be useful for enhancing sequence coverage of tryptic fragments in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Morisaka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitasshirakawa, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Li Y, Hewitt D, Lentz YK, Ji JA, Zhang TY, Zhang K. Characterization and stability study of polysorbate 20 in therapeutic monoclonal antibody formulation by multidimensional ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detection-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:5150-7. [PMID: 24749737 DOI: 10.1021/ac5009628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polysorbate 20 is a nonionic surfactant commonly used in the formulation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to prevent protein denaturation and aggregation. It is critical to understand the molecular heterogeneity and stability of polysorbate 20 in mAb formulations as polysorbate can gradually degrade in aqueous solution over time by multiple pathways losing surfactant functions and leading to protein aggregation. The molecular heterogeneity of polysorbate and the interference from proteins and the excipient in the formulation matrix make it a challenge to study polysorbate in protein formulations. In this work, the characterization and stability study of polysorbate 20 in the presence of mAb formulation sample matrix is first reported using two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) coupled with charged aerosol detection (CAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. A mixed-mode column that has both anion-exchange and reversed-phase properties was used in the first dimension to separate protein and polysorbate in the formulation sample, while polysorbate 20 esters were trapped online and then analyzed using an reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) column in the second dimension to further separate the ester species. The MS served as the third dimension to further resolve as well as to identify the polysorbate ester subspecies. Another 2DLC method using a cation-exchange column in the first dimension and the same RP-UHPLC method in the second dimension was developed to analyze the degradation products of polysorbate 20. Stability samples of a protein drug product were studied using these two 2DLC-CAD-MS methods to separate, identify, and quantify the multiple ester species in polysorbate 20 and also to monitor the change of their corresponding degradants. We found different polysorbate esters degrade at different rates, and importantly, the degradation rates for some esters are different in the protein formulation compared to a placebo that has no protein. The multidimensional UHPLC-CAD-MS approach provides insights into the heterogeneous stability behaviors of polysorbate 20 subspecies in real-time stability samples of a mAb formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Protein Analytical Chemistry, and §Late Stage Pharmaceutical and Process Development, Genentech , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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29
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Van Hoeylandt T, Chen K, Du Prez F, Lynen F. Deconvolution of overlapping spectral polymer signals in size exclusion separation-diode array detection separations by implementing a multivariate curve resolution method optimized by alternating least square. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1342:63-9. [PMID: 24726681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peaks eluting from a size exclusion separation (SEC) are often not completely baseline-separated due to the inherent dispersity of the polymer. Lowering the flow rate is sometimes a solution to obtain a better physical separation, but results in a longer retention time, which is often not desirable. The chemometrical deconvolution method discussed in this work provides the possibility of calculating the contribution of each peak separately in the total chromatogram of overlapping peaks. An in-house-developed MATLAB script differentiates between compounds based on their difference in UV-spectrum and retention time, using the entire 3D retention time UV-spectrum. Consequently, the output of the script offers the calculated chromatograms of the separate compounds as well as their respective UV-spectrum, of which the latter can be used for peak identification. This approach is of interest to quantitate contributions of different polymer types with overlapping UV-spectra and retention times, as is often the case in, for example, copolymer or polymer blend analysis. The applicability has been proven on mixtures of different polymer types: polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethoxyethyl acrylate). This paper demonstrates that both qualitative and quantitative analyses are possible after deconvolution and that alternating concentrations of adjacent peaks do not significantly influence the obtained accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Hoeylandt
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kai Chen
- Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Pfizer Analytical Research Centre, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Gao M, Qi D, Zhang P, Deng C, Zhang X. Development of multidimensional liquid chromatography and application in proteomic analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:665-78. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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31
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Gethings LA, Connolly JB. Simplifying the Proteome: Analytical Strategies for Improving Peak Capacity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:59-77. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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32
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Haun J, Leonhardt J, Portner C, Hetzel T, Tuerk J, Teutenberg T, Schmidt TC. Online and Splitless NanoLC × CapillaryLC with Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Detection for Comprehensive Screening Analysis of Complex Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10083-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402002m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Haun
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Juri Leonhardt
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Portner
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Terence Hetzel
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Teutenberg
- Institut
für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Torsten C. Schmidt
- Instrumental
Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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33
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Abstract
Multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has become a standard technique in proteomics to reduce sample complexity and to tackle the dynamic range in protein abundance. Fractionation is necessary to obtain a comprehensive analysis of complex biological samples such as tissue and mammalian cell lines. However, extensive fractionation comes at the expense of sample loss, presenting a bottleneck in the analysis of limited amounts of material. In this protocol, we describe a two-dimensional chromatographic strategy based on a combination of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC; with a zwitterionic packing material, ZIC-cHILIC) and reversed-phase chromatography, which allows proteomic analyses with minimal sample loss. Experimental aspects related to obtaining maximum recovery are discussed, including how to optimally prepare samples for this system. Examples involving protein lysates originating from cultured cell lines and cells sorted by flow cytometry are used to show the power, sensitivity and versatility of the technique. Once the ZIC-cHILIC fractionation system has been optimized and standardized, this protocol requires ∼5-6 d, including sample preparation and fraction analysis.
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34
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Xu J, Zhang X, Guo Z, Yan J, Yu L, Li X, Xue X, Liang X. Short-chain peptides identification of scorpion Buthus martensi
Karsch venom by employing high orthogonal 2D-HPLC system and tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2012; 12:3076-84. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Long Yu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Xingya Xue
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Liaoning China
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35
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Programmed elution in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1255:112-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Henley WH, Ramsey JM. High electric field strength two-dimensional peptide separations using a microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:2718-24. [PMID: 22965717 PMCID: PMC3787844 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New instrumentation has been developed to improve the resolution, efficiency, and speed of microfluidic 2D separations using MEKC coupled to high field strength CE. Previously published 2D separation instrumentation [Ramsey, J. D. et al., Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 3758-3764] from our group was limited to a maximum potential difference of 8.4 kV, resulting in an electric field strength of only approximately 200 V/cm in the first dimension. The circuit described in this report has been designed to couple a higher voltage supply with a rapidly switching, lower voltage supply to utilize the best features of each. Voltages applied in excess of 20 kV lead to high electric field strength separations in both dimensions, increasing the separation resolution, efficiency, and peak capacity while reducing the required analysis time. Detection rates as high as six peptides per second (based on total analysis time) were observed for a model protein tryptic digest separation. Additionally, higher applied voltages used in conjunction with microfluidic chips with longer length channels maintained higher electric field strengths and produced peak capacities of over 4000 for some separations. Total separation time in these longer channel devices was comparable to that obtained in short channels at low field strength; however, resolving power improved approximately threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hampton Henley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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37
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Donato P, Cacciola F, Tranchida PQ, Dugo P, Mondello L. Mass spectrometry detection in comprehensive liquid chromatography: basic concepts, instrumental aspects, applications and trends. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:523-559. [PMID: 22383300 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The review, as can be deduced from the title, focuses on both theoretical and practical aspects of the use of mass spectrometry as a third, added dimension to a comprehensive LC (LC × LC) system, generating the most powerful analytical tool today for non-volatile analytes. The first part deals with the technical requirements for linkage of an LC × LC system to an MS one, including the choice of the mobile phase (buffer and salts), flow rate (splitting), type of ionization (interface); advantages and disadvantages of off-line and on-line methods are discussed, as well. A discussion of the various aspects of instrumentation is provided, both from a chromatographic and mass spectrometry standpoint, with particular emphasis directed to the choice of column sets, spatial resolution, mass resolving power, mass accuracy, and tandem-MS capabilities. The extent to which mass spectrometry may be of aid in unraveling column-outlet multicompound bands is highlighted, along with its effectiveness as a chromatographic detector of excellent sensitivity, universality yet with potential in terms of selectivity and amenability to quantitative analysis over a wide dynamic range. The following section of the review contains significant applications of comprehensive two-dimensional LC coupled to MS in different areas of research, with details on interfaces, column stationary phases, modulation and MS parameters. It is not the intention of the authors to provide a comprehensive description of the techniques, but merely to discuss only those aspects which are essential for successful applications of the LC-MS combination. The reader will be acquainted with the enormous potential of this hyphenated technique, and the factors and instrumental developments that have concurred to make it emerge to a central role in specialized fields, such as proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Donato
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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38
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Ma S, Liang Q, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Luo G. A simple way to configure on-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography for complex sample analysis: Acquisition of four-dimensional data. Talanta 2012; 97:150-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Bedani F, Schoenmakers PJ, Janssen HG. Theories to support method development in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography - A review. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1697-711. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bedani
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Gerd Janssen
- Analytical-Chemistry Group,; Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Unilever Research and Development; Advanced Measurement and Data Modelling; Vlaardingen The Netherlands
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40
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Fu Q, Guo Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Liang X. Comprehensive characterization of Stevia Rebaudiana
using two-dimensional reversed-phase liquid chromatography/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1821-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Liaoning Province,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Liaoning Province,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Liaoning Province,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Liaoning Province,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- School of Pharmacy; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry,; Key Lab of Natural Medicine; Liaoning Province,; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P. R. China
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41
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Venkatramani CJ, Wigman L, Mistry K, Chetwyn N. Simultaneous, sequential quantitative achiral-chiral analysis by two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1748-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Wigman
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Science; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Kavita Mistry
- Technical Regulatory; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
| | - Nicholas Chetwyn
- Small Molecules Pharmaceutical Science; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA USA
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42
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Lee JH, Hyung SW, Mun DG, Jung HJ, Kim H, Lee H, Kim SJ, Park KS, Moore RJ, Smith RD, Lee SW. Fully automated multifunctional ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography system for advanced proteome analyses. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:4373-81. [PMID: 22709424 DOI: 10.1021/pr3004166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional liquid chromatography system that performs 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional (strong cation exchange/reverse phase liquid chromatography or SCX/RPLC) separations and online phosphopeptide enrichment using a single binary nanoflow pump has been developed. With a simple operation of a function selection valve equipped with a SCX column and a TiO2 (titanium dioxide) column, a fully automated selection of three different experiment modes was achieved. Because the current system uses essentially the same solvent flow paths, the same trap column, and the same separation column for reverse-phase separation of 1D, 2D, and online phosphopeptides enrichment experiments, the elution time information obtained from these experiments is in excellent agreement, which facilitates correlating peptide information from different experiments. The final reverse-phase separation of the three experiments is completely decoupled from all of the function selection processes; thereby salts or acids from SCX or TiO2 column do not affect the efficiency of the reverse-phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
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43
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Di Palma S, Hennrich ML, Heck AJ, Mohammed S. Recent advances in peptide separation by multidimensional liquid chromatography for proteome analysis. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3791-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography — practical impacts of theoretical considerations. A review. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA theory of comprehensive two-dimensional separations by liquid chromatographic techniques is overviewed. It includes heart-cutting and comprehensive two-dimensional separation modes, with attention to basic concepts of two-dimensional separations: resolution, peak capacity, efficiency, orthogonality and selectivity. Particular attention is paid to the effects of sample structure on the retention and advantages of a multi-dimensional HPLC for separation of complex samples according to structural correlations. Optimization of 2D separation systems, including correct selection of columns, flow-rate, fraction volumes and mobile phase, is discussed. Benefits of simultaneous programmed elution in both dimensions of LCxLC comprehensive separations are shown.Experimental setup, modulation of the fraction collection and transfer from the first to the second dimension, compatibility of mobile phases in comprehensive LCxLC, 2D asymmetry and shifts in retention under changing second-dimension elution conditions, are addressed. Illustrative practical examples of comprehensive LCxLC separations are shown.
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45
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Facile identification of photocleavable reactive metabolites and oxidative stress biomarkers in proteins via mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2269-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Groskreutz SR, Swenson MM, Secor LB, Stoll DR. Selective comprehensive multi-dimensional separation for resolution enhancement in high performance liquid chromatography. Part I: Principles and instrumentation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1228:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Donato P, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Dugo P. Comprehensive chromatographic separations in proteomics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8777-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Allen RC, Rutan SC. Investigation of interpolation techniques for the reconstruction of the first dimension of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detector data. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 705:253-60. [PMID: 21962368 PMCID: PMC3740508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simulated and experimental data were used to measure the effectiveness of common interpolation techniques during chromatographic alignment of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography-diode array detector (LC×LC-DAD) data. Interpolation was used to generate a sufficient number of data points in the sampled first chromatographic dimension to allow for alignment of retention times from different injections. Five different interpolation methods, linear interpolation followed by cross correlation, piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial, cubic spline, Fourier zero-filling, and Gaussian fitting, were investigated. The fully aligned chromatograms, in both the first and second chromatographic dimensions, were analyzed by parallel factor analysis to determine the relative area for each peak in each injection. A calibration curve was generated for the simulated data set. The standard error of prediction and percent relative standard deviation were calculated for the simulated peak for each technique. The Gaussian fitting interpolation technique resulted in the lowest standard error of prediction and average relative standard deviation for the simulated data. However, upon applying the interpolation techniques to the experimental data, most of the interpolation methods were not found to produce statistically different relative peak areas from each other. While most of the techniques were not statistically different, the performance was improved relative to the PARAFAC results obtained when analyzing the unaligned data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Allen
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, United States
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, United States
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49
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Beneito-Cambra M, Herrero-Martínez J, Ramis-Ramos G, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Comparison of monolithic and microparticulate columns for reversed-phase liquid chromatography of tryptic digests of industrial enzymes in cleaning products. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7275-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Huang Y, Gu H, Filgueira M, Carr PW. An experimental study of sampling time effects on the resolving power of on-line two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2984-94. [PMID: 21489543 PMCID: PMC3132878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The experimental effects of sampling time on the resolving power of on-line LC×LC were investigated. The first dimension gradient time ((1)t(g)) and sampling time (t(s)) were systematically varied ((1)t(g)=5, 12, 24 and 49 min; t(s)=6, 12, 21 and 40s). The resolving power of on-line LC×LC was evaluated in terms of two metrics namely the numbers of observed peaks and the effective 2D peak capacities obtained in separations of extracts of maize seeds. The maximum effective peak capacity and number of observed peaks of LC×LC were achieved at sampling times between 12 and 21s, at all first dimension gradient times. In addition, both metrics showed that the "crossover" time at which fully optimized 1DLC and LC×LC have equal resolving power varied somewhat with sampling time but is only about 5 min for sampling times of 12 and 21s. The longest crossover time was obtained when the sampling time was 6s. Furthermore, increasing the first dimension gradient time gave large improvements in the resolving power of LC×LC relative to 1DLC. Finally, comparisons of the corrected and effective 2D peak capacities as well as the number of peaks observed showed that the impact of the coverage factor is quite significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marcelo Filgueira
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Quim Analit, Fac Ciencias Exactas, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter W. Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Smith and Kolthoff Halls, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
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