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Yu S, Wu HY, Lemaur V, Kousseff CJ, Beljonne D, Fabiano S, Nielsen CB. Cation-Dependent Mixed Ionic-Electronic Transport in a Perylenediimide Small-Molecule Semiconductor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410626. [PMID: 39041291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A rapidly growing interest in organic bioelectronic applications has spurred the development of a wide variety of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors. While these new mixed conductors have enabled the community to interface organic electronics with biological systems and efficiently transduce biological signals (ions) into electronic signals, the current materials selection does not offer sufficient selectivity towards specific ions of biological relevance without the use of auxiliary components such as ion-selective membranes. Here, we present the molecular design of an n-type (electron-transporting) perylene diimide semiconductor material decorated with pendant oligoether groups to facilitate interactions with cations such as Na+ and K+. Using the cyclic 15-crown-5 oligoether motif, we find that the resulting mixed conductor PDI-crown displays a strong dependence on the size of the electrolyte cation when tested in an organic electrochemical transistor configuration. In stark contrast to the low current response on the order of 1 μA observed with aqueous sodium chloride, a nearly 200-fold increase in current is observed with aqueous potassium chloride. We ascribe the high selectivity to extended molecular aggregation and therefore efficient charge transport in the presence of K+ due to a favourable sandwich-like structure between two adjacent 15-crown-5 motifs and the potassium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Han-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, BE-7000, Belgium
| | - Christina J Kousseff
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, BE-7000, Belgium
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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2
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Duan T, Wang J, Shi W, Li Y, Tu K, Bi X, Zhong C, Lv J, Yang K, Xiao Z, Kan B, Zhao Y. Fully Fused Indacenodithiophene-Centered Small-Molecule n-Type Semiconductors for High-Performance Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407890. [PMID: 38958602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel n-type organic semiconductors is an on-going research endeavour, given their pivotal roles in organic electronics and their relative scarcity compared to p-type counterparts. In this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize n-type organic semiconductors featuring a fully fused conjugated backbone. By attaching two sets of adjacent amino and formyl groups to the indacenodithiophene-based central cores and triggering a tandem reaction sequence of a Knoevenagel condensation-intramolecular cyclization, DFA1 and DFA2 were realized. The solution-processed organic field effect transistors based on DFA1 exhibited unipolar n-type transport character with a decent electron mobility of ca. 0.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 (ca. 0.038 cm2 V-1 s-1 for DFA2 based devices). When employing DFA1 as a third component in organic solar cells, a high power conversion efficiency of 19.2 % can be achieved in ternary devices fabricated with PM6 : L8-BO : DFA1. This work provides a new pathway in the molecular engineering of n-type organic semiconductors, propelling relevant research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainan Duan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenrui Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Kaihuai Tu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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3
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Langa F, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD. Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400361. [PMID: 39240557 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of narrow bandgap A-D-A- and ADA'DA-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all-small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17-18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all-SM-OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all-SM-OSCs, and the recently developed layer-by-layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all-SM-OSCs for their commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
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4
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Arunkumar A, Ju XH. Computational method on highly efficient D-π-A-π-D-based different molecular acceptors for organic solar cells applications and non-linear optical behaviour. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124391. [PMID: 38704998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Eight molecular structures (BT-A1 to BT-A8) with high-performance non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) were selected for organic solar cells (OSCs) and non-linear optical (NLO) applications. Their electronic, photovoltaic (PV) and optoelectronic properties were tuned by adding powerful electron-withdrawing groups to the acceptor (A) of the D-π-A-π-D structure. Using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) techniques, based on the laws of quantum chemical calculations, the absorption spectra, stability of the highest and lowest-energy molecular orbitals (HOMO/LUMOs), electron density, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), transition density matrix (TDM), were examined. The binding energy (Eb) and density of states (DOS) were probed to realize the optoelectronic analysis of the structures BT-A1 to BT-A8. Noncovalent interactions (NCIs) based on a reduced density gradient (RDG) were used to describe the nature and strength of D-A interactions in the molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8. The new refined molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8 exhibited strong absorbance bands between 408-721 nm and high electron transfer contribution (ETC) ranges between 87-96 %, along with the smallest excitation energies (Ex) between 1.71-3.55 eV in the solvent dichloromethane. Dipolar moment strengths ranging from 0.38 to 4.72 Debye in both the excited and ground states have determined with good solubility properties of BT-A1 to BT-A8 in polar solvent. Highly effective charge mobilities and prevention of charge recombination have been demonstrated by the electron (0.18-0.41 eV) and hole RE values (0.13-0.89 eV) for the new compounds. Power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of BT-A1 to BT-A8 were nearly the same because of better outcomes compared to the molecules in the BT. Compared to poly[4.8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6- diyl-alt-(4-2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7-Th), the open circuit voltages (Voc) of compounds BT-A1 to BT-A8 were ranged from 1.52 to 2.13 eV. The polarizability (α) and hyperpolarizability (β) of the molecules BT-A1 to BT-A8 were used to determine the non-linear optical (NLO) properties. The results showed that BT-A2, BT-A6 and BT-A7 have good NLO activity. This computational analysis demonstrates the superiority of the molecules with NFA. Hence the compounds are advised for the use in production of high-performance OSCs and NLO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammasi Arunkumar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
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5
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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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6
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Qi F, Li Y, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Recent Progress of Oligomeric Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301559. [PMID: 38372481 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 19 % in the past few years due to the rapid development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, the operational stability remains a great challenge that inhibits their commercialization. Recently, oligomeric NFAs (ONFAs) have attracted great attention, which not only can deliver excellent device performance, but also improve the thermal-/photo- stability of OSCs. This is attributed to the suppressed molecular diffusion of ONFAs associated with their high glass-transition temperature (Tg) and improved thermodynamic properties of ONFAs. Herein, we focus on investigating the correction between the ONFA chemical structure, material properties, device performance, and stability. In addition, we also try to point out the challenges in synthesizing ONFAs and provide potential directions for future ONFA designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanxun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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7
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Menandro AS, Péres LO, Bohne C. Solubilization and Photostabilization in a Sodium Deoxycholate Hydrogel of a Neutral Conjugated Thiophene Oligomer and Polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11215-11227. [PMID: 38748867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(3-hexylthiophene-co-1,4-phenylene) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) were solubilized in sodium deoxycholate self-assemblies in water solutions and hydrogels, with the goal of solubilizing sufficient material in a hydrogel for fluorescence applications. The neutral conjugated oligomer and polymer were incorporated as monomers into the self-assemblies with sodium deoxycholate aggregates, leading to the photoprotection of these neutral conjugated and water-insoluble molecules. Dynamic light scattering, rheology, and fluorescence experiments established that the deoxycholate aggregation and gel formation properties were not altered with the incorporation of the oligomer or polymer into the deoxycholate self-assemblies, showing that this adaptable host system with some molecular recognition elements is a viable strategy to incorporate into hydrogels neutral conjugated molecules as isolated monomers. This strategy has the potential to be used when conjugated molecules are used for fluorescence applications in hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra S Menandro
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Laura O Péres
- Laboratory of Hybrid Materials, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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8
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Kirk BP, Bjuggren JM, Andersson GG, Dastoor P, Andersson MR. Printing and Coating Techniques for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Fabrication. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2511. [PMID: 38893776 PMCID: PMC11173114 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Within recent years, there has been an increased interest towards organic photovoltaics (OPVs), especially with their significant device performance reaching beyond 19% since 2022. With these advances in the device performance of laboratory-scaled OPVs, there has also been more attention directed towards using printing and coating methods that are compatible with large-scale fabrication. Though large-area (>100 cm2) OPVs have reached an efficiency of 15%, this is still behind that of laboratory-scale OPVs. There also needs to be more focus on determining strategies for improving the lifetime of OPVs that are suitable for scalable manufacturing, as well as methods for reducing material and manufacturing costs. In this paper, we compare several printing and coating methods that are employed to fabricate OPVs, with the main focus towards the deposition of the active layer. This includes a comparison of performances at laboratory (<1 cm2), small (1-10 cm2), medium (10-100 cm2), and large (>100 cm2) active area fabrications, encompassing devices that use scalable printing and coating methods for only the active layer, as well as "fully printed/coated" devices. The article also compares the research focus of each of the printing and coating techniques and predicts the general direction that scalable and large-scale OPVs will head towards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P. Kirk
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jonas M. Bjuggren
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Paul Dastoor
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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9
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Zhang L, Deng D, Lu K, Wei Z. Optimization of Charge Management and Energy Loss in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302915. [PMID: 37399575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
All-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have received tremendous attention in recent decades because of their advantages over their polymer counterparts. These advantages include well-defined chemical structures, easy purification, and negligible batch-to-batch variation. Remarkable progress with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17% has recently been achieved with improved charge management (FF × JSC) and reduced energy loss (Eloss). Morphology control is the key factor in the progress of ASM-OSCs, which remains a significant challenge because of the similarities in the molecular structures of the donors and acceptors. In this review, the effective strategies for charge management and/or Eloss reduction from the perspective of effective morphology control are summarized. The aim is to provide practical insights and guidance for material design and device optimization to promote further development of ASM-OSCs to a level where they can compete with or even surpass the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Fan B, Gao H, Jen AKY. Biaxially Conjugated Materials for Organic Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2024; 18:136-154. [PMID: 38146694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent one of the most important emerging photovoltaic technologies that can implement solar energy conversion efficiently. The chemical structure of organic semiconductors deployed in the active layer of OSCs plays a critical role in the photovoltaic performance and chemical/physical stability of relevant devices. With the structure innovation of organic semiconductors, especially nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), the performance of OSCs have been promoted rapidly in recent years, with state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19.5%. Compared with other photovoltaics like perovskite, the shortcoming of OSCs mainly lies in the high nonradiative recombination loss. However, the photocurrent density is superior in OSCs owing to the easy modulation of the NFA band gap toward the near-infrared region. In these regards, the effort to further boost the PCE of OSCs to achieve a milestone >21% should be devoted to reducing the nonradiative loss while further broadening the absorption band. Developing organic semiconductors with biaxially extended conjugated structures has provided a potential solution to achieve these goals. Herein, we summarize the design rules and performance progress of biaxially extended conjugated materials for OSCs. The descriptions are divided into two major categories, i.e., polymers and NFAs. For p-type polymers, we focus on the biaxial conjugation on some representative building blocks, e.g., polythiophene, triphenylamine, and quinoxaline. Whereas for n-type polymers, some structures with large conjugated planes in the normal direction are presented. We also elaborate on the biaxial conjugation strategies in NFAs with modification site at either the π-core or side-group. The general structure-property relationships are further retrieved within these materials, with focus on the short-wavelength absorption and nonradiative energy loss. Finally, we provide an outlook for the further structure modification strategies of biaxially conjugated materials toward highly efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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11
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Yuan X, Yang K, Grazon C, Wang C, Vallan L, Isasa JD, Resende PM, Li F, Brochon C, Remita H, Hadziioannou G, Cloutet E, Li J. Tuning the Aggregates of Thiophene-based Trimers by Methyl Side-chain Engineering for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315333. [PMID: 37994609 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic π-conjugated semiconductors (OCSs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to traditional inorganic materials for photocatalysis. However, the aggregation of OCSs in photocatalytic aqueous solution caused by self-assembly, which closely relates to the photocatalytic activity, has not yet been studied. Here, the relationship between the aggregation of 4,7-Bis(thiophen-2-yl) benzothiadiazole (TBT) and the photocatalytic activity was systematically investigated by introducing and varying the position of methyl side chains on the two peripheral thiophene units. Experimental and theoretical results indicated that the introduction of -CH3 group at the 3-position of TBT resulted in the smallest size and best crystallinity of aggregates compared to that of TBT, 4- and 5-positions. As a result, TBT-3 exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity towards H2 evolution, ascribed to the shorten charge carrier transport distance and solid long-range order. These results suggest the important role of aggregation behavior of OCSs for efficient photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Yuan
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Kunran Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Chloé Grazon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400, Talence, France
| | - Cong Wang
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 310 Rue Michel Magat, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Lorenzo Vallan
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Jean-David Isasa
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Pedro M Resende
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Fanxing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 310 Rue Michel Magat, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR5629, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Bâtiment B8, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Jian Li
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 310 Rue Michel Magat, 91400, Orsay, France
- Laboratory of Renewable Energy Science and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
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12
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Han L, He F. Design guidance for improved organic solar cells: both from materials and devices. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2910-2914. [PMID: 37949738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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13
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Ju S, Kim H, Kwak H, Kang C, Jung I, Oh S, Lee SG, Kim J, Park HJ, Lee KT. Dielectric light-trapping nanostructure for enhanced light absorption in organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20649. [PMID: 38001140 PMCID: PMC10673921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric scatterers where Mie resonances can be excited in both electric and magnetic modes have emerged as a promising candidate for efficient light trapping (LT) in thin-film solar cells. We present that light absorption in organic solar cells (OSCs) can be significantly enhanced by a front-sided incorporation of a core-shell nanostructure consisting of a high-refractive-index dielectric nanosphere array conformally coated with a low-refractive-index dielectric layer. Strong forward light scattering of the all-dielectric LT structure enables the absorption in an organic semiconductor to be remarkably boosted over a broad range of wavelengths, which is attributed to interference of a simultaneous excitation of the electric and magnetic dipole resonant modes. The OSC with the LT structure shows the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 28.23 mA/cm2, which is 10% higher than that of a flat OSC. We also explore how the LT structure affects scattering cross-sections, spectral multipole resonances, and far-field radiation patterns. The approach described in this work could offer the possibility for the improvement of characteristic performances of various applications, such as other thin-film solar cells, photodiodes, light-emitting diodes, and absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongcheol Ju
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojae Kwak
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhun Kang
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Oh
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gol Lee
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Joon Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Tae Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Gu X, Zhang X, Huang H. Oligomerized Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308496. [PMID: 37436426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted wide research attention in the past decades. Very recently, oligomerized fused-ring electron acceptors (OFREAs) have emerged as a promising alternative to small-molecular/polymeric acceptor-based OSCs due to their unique advantages such as well-defined structures, batch reproducibility, good film formation, low diffusion coefficient, and excellent stability. So far, rapid advances have been made in the development of OFREAs consisting of directly/rigidly/flexibly linked oligomers and fused ones. In this Minireview, we systematically summarized the recent research progress of OFREAs, including structural diversity, synthesis approach, molecular conformation and packing, and long-term stability. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the challenges to be addressed and potential research directions. We believe that this Minireview will encourage the development of novel OFREAs for OSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Gu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
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15
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Zhang CR, Yu HY, Zhang ML, Liu XM, Chen YH, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Modulating the organic photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by molecular modification based on Y6: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25465-25479. [PMID: 37712300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by modifying the backbone, side chains and end groups is the most important strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Among numerous developed NFAs, Y6 and its derivatives are famous NFAs in the OSC field due to their good performance. Herein, in order to understand the mechanism of tuning the photovoltaic performance by modifying the Y6's center backbone, π-spacer and side-chains, we selected the PM6:Y6 OSC as a reference and systematically studied PM6:AQx-2, PM6:Y6-T, PM6:Y6-2T, PM6:Y6-O, PM6:Y6-1O and PM6:Y6-2O OSC systems based on extensive quantum chemistry calculations. The results indicate that introducing quinoxaline to substitute thiadiazole in the backbone induces a blue-shift of absorption spectra, reduces the charge transfer (CT) distance (Δd) and average electrostatic potential (ESP), and increases the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), CT excitation energy and the number of CT states in low-lying excitations. Inserting thienyl and dithiophenyl as π spacers generates a red-shift of absorption spectra, enlarges Δd and average ESP, and reduces ΔEST and the number of CT states. Introducing furo[3,2-b]furan for substituting one thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit in the Y6's backbone causes a red-shift of absorption spectra and increases ΔEST, Δd and average ESP as well as CT excitation energy. Introducing alkoxyl as a side chain results in a blue-shift of absorption spectra, and increases ΔEST, Δd, average ESP, CT excitation energy and the number of CT states. The rate constants calculated using Marcus theory suggest that all the molecular modifications of Y6 reduce the exciton dissociation and charge recombination rates at the heterojunction interface, while introducing furo[3,2-b]furan and alkoxyl enlarges CT rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Hai-Yuan Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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16
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Zharkenova G, Arkan E, Arkan MZ, Feder-Kubis J, Koperski J, Mussabayev T, Chorążewski M. From Biological Source to Energy Harvesting Device: Surface Protective Ionic Liquid Coatings for Electrical Performance Enhancement of Wood-Based Electronics. Molecules 2023; 28:6758. [PMID: 37836601 PMCID: PMC10574724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) in smart floor systems, highlighting their strong electrical rectification abilities and previously established wood preservative properties. Two types of TSILs, featuring a "sweet" anion and a terpene-based cation, were used to treat selected wood samples, allowing for a comparison of their physical and electrical performance with untreated and commercially treated counterparts. Drop shape analysis and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the surface treatment before and after coating. Near-IR was used to confirm the presence of a surface modifier, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to assess the thermal features of the treated samples. The different surface treatments resulted in varied triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) parameters, with the molecular structure and size of the side chains being the key determining factors. The best results were achieved with TSILs, with the instantaneous voltage increasing by approximately five times and the highest voltage reaching 300 V under enhanced loading. This work provides fresh insights into the potential application spectrum of TSILs and opens up new avenues for directly utilizing tested ionic compounds in construction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Zharkenova
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (G.Z.); (M.Z.A.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Emre Arkan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (G.Z.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Mesude Zeliha Arkan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (G.Z.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50–370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Janusz Koperski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, St 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41–500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Turlybek Mussabayev
- Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Mirosław Chorążewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (G.Z.); (M.Z.A.)
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17
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Aubele A, Kraus T, Schmid S, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Molecular Donor-Acceptor Dyads for Single-Material Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301593. [PMID: 37306325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of ambipolar covalently linked oligothiophene-fullerene dyads have been synthesized by systematical structural variations. In this respect, the length of linker between donor and acceptor unit was altered and in a second series the terminal acceptor units in the donor unit of the dyads were varied. Characterization of the optical and redox properties gave valuable structure-property relationships and were correlated to the photovoltaic performance in single-material organic solar cells, in which power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.3 % were reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Teresa Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Mombrú D, Romero M, Faccio R, Mombrú AW. On the Donor: Acceptor Features for Poly(3-hexylthiophene): TiO 2 Quantum Dots Hybrid Materials Obtained via Water Vapor Flow Assisted Sol-Gel Growth. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071706. [PMID: 37050320 PMCID: PMC10096910 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a novel methodology for the preparation of P3HT:TiO2 quantum dots hybrid materials via water vapor flow-assisted sol-gel growth focusing on the structural, optical and electrical property characterization complemented with first-principles calculations as a promising donor-acceptor system for polymer and hybrid solar cells. X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis spectroscopy analyses suggest that the increasing concentration of TiO2 quantum dots leads to the formation of higher amounts of amorphous regions while the crystalline regions exhibited interesting aspect ratio modifications for the P3HT polymer. Raman spectra evidenced the formation of charge carriers in the P3HT with increasing TiO2 quantum dots content and the P3HT:TiO2 50:50 weight ratio resulted in the best composition for optimizing the bulk electronic conductivity, as evidenced by impedance spectroscopy studies. Our DFT calculations performed for a simplified model of the P3HT:TiO2 interface revealed that there is an important contribution of the thiophene carbon atoms states in the conduction band at the Fermi level. Finally, our DFT calculations also reveal an evident gain of electron density at the TiO2 (101) surface while the thiophene rings showed a loss of the electron density, thus confirming that the P3HT:TiO2 junction acts as a good donor-acceptor system. In our opinion, these results not only present a novel methodology for the preparation of P3HT:TiO2 quantum dots hybrid materials but also reveal some key aspects to guide the more rational design of polymer and hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro W Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat & Área Física, Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones (DETEMA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
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19
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Huang JD, Ma H. Quantitative Prediction of Charge Mobilities and Theoretical Insight into the Regulation of Site-Specific Trifluoromethylethynyl Substitution to Electronic and Charge Transport Properties of 9,10-Anthraquinone. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48391-48402. [PMID: 36591146 PMCID: PMC9798492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we systematically studied the electronic and conducting properties of 9,10-anthraquinone (AQ) and its derivatives and discussed the substitute-site effects on their organic field-effect transistor (OFET) properties in detail. Our calculation results show the influence of different substitute sites on the ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (EA), reorganization energy (λ), electronic couplings (V), and anisotropic mobility (μ) of semiconducting materials, which mainly originates from the variations of the frontier molecular orbital charge distributions, the steric hindrance, and the conjugate degree. Combining quantum-chemical calculations with charge transfer theory, we simulated the intermolecular hopping rate in the organic crystals of AQ derivatives and predicted the fluctuation range of three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic charge carrier mobility for the first time. Our calculation results well reproduced the experimental observations and provided evidence for the determination of the optimal OFET conduction plane and channel direction relative to the crystal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dou Huang
- School
of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian
Nationalities University, Dalian116600, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian116023, China
| | - Huipeng Ma
- College
of Medical Laboratory Science, Dalian Medical
University, Dalian116044, China
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20
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Carbazole and Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based D-A π-Conjugated Oligomers Accessed via Direct C-H Arylation for Opto-Electronic Property and Performance Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249031. [PMID: 36558164 PMCID: PMC9781591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Five carbazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor-acceptor (D-A) new π-conjugated oligomers (π-COs) with gradually elongated lengths are facilely synthesized via a single pot of direct C-H arylation with merits of atom- and step-economy. The structure-property-performance correlations of these π-COs and their parent polymer are studied in detail by opto-electronic characterizations and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. It is found that the π-COs having longer lengths enable better performance in OPVs owing to the enhanced intermolecular interaction with the elongation of the conjugations. The above results not only highlight the powerful synthetic strategy here provided, but also reveal that π-COs with unique properties might find promising application in OPVs.
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21
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Wang L, Wang H, Li J, Zhang H. Theoretical study on the electronic properties of different types of the donor:acceptor complexes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:065502. [PMID: 36379065 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene organic solar cells can be classified into four forms in line with the different types of donor (D) and acceptor (A) in the active layer: all-polymer (PD:PA), polymer D:small-molecule A (PD:MA), small-molecule D:polymer A (MD:PA), and all-small-molecule (MD:MA). On the basis of having studied the electronic properties of a large number of related monomer molecules and D:A complexes, this work constructed four groups of D:A molecular pairs as described above as examples to investigate their electronic properties with first-principles density functional theory. The results show that the absolute value of the average binding energy of the PD:PAcomplex D18:P(NDI2HD-T) is larger than others, indicating the structure is relatively more stable. In accordance of the Bader charge analysis, the intra-molecular charge transfer of small-molecule is greater than polymers. For these blends, the intermolecular charge transfer of the all-polymer pair D18:P(NDI2HD-T) is larger, revealing that the PD:PApair may result in a stronger intermolecular dipole electric field, which is beneficial to facilitate the separation of excitons. In addition, the MD:MApair DRTB-T:FDICTF-2Cl and the PD:MAcomplex D18:FDICTF-2Cl all exhibit a larger amount of intra-molecular charge transfer, which indicates that the small-molecule acceptors in D:A complexes are conducive to promoting intra-molecular charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Wang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhui Li
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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22
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End-group engineering of non-fused benzothiadiazol derivatives with thiophene rings based small donor molecules for tuning the photovoltaic properties via DFT approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Li J, Zhang Z, Ran G, Xu X, Zhang C, Liu W, Zheng X, Li D, Xu X, Liu Y, Tang Z, Zhang W, Bo Z. High-Performance Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors with V-Shaped Side Chains. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203454. [PMID: 35934890 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by simplifying the synthesis of nonfullerene acceptor and establishing the relation between molecular structure and photovoltaic performance, two isomeric nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-TT-Cl and m-TT-Cl), whose properties can be adjusted by changing the side chains, are designed and synthesized with several high-yield steps. o-TT-Cl with V-shaped side chain induces a dominated J-aggregation and displays much better solubility and more ordered packing than m-TT-Cl with linear side chain. Thus, the o-TT-Cl-based blend film generates better phase morphology and charge transport than m-TT-Cl-based one. Finally, the power conversion efficiency of o-TT-Cl-based devices is 12.84%, which is much higher than that of m-TT-Cl-based ones (6.54%). This work highlights the importance of side chains engineering on improving photovoltaic performance of nonfused ring electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
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24
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Deng D, Zhou H, Zhang J, Wei Z. "N-π-N" Type Oligomeric Acceptor Achieves an OPV Efficiency of 18.19% with Low Energy Loss and Excellent Stability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202513. [PMID: 35712769 PMCID: PMC9376851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel "N-π-N" type oligomeric acceptor of 2BTP-2F-T, constructed by two small non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) units linked with a thiophene π bridge is reported. The 2BTP-2F-T not only combines the advantages of small NFA and polymeric acceptors (PYF-T-o) with similar units but also exhibits superior characteristics of high absorption coefficient and high electron moblity(µe) ) with less dependence on molecular packing. Using PM6 as the donor, a remarkable efficiency of 18.19% is obtained with an open circuit (Voc ) of 0.911 V, short current circuit (Jsc ) of 25.50 mA cm-2 , and fill factor (FF) of 78.3%, which is much better than that of the corresponding monomer (16.54%) and PYF-T-o (15.8%) based devices. The much-improved efficiency results from two aspects: 1) an enhanced FF due to the largely improved µe and well-controlled morphology ; 2) a higher value of (Jsc × Voc ) due to its higher absorption coefficient and efficient charge generation at a similar low energy loss. Furthermore, the PM6/2BTP-2F-T device possesses the longest T80 lifetime to light-soaking and comparable high thermal stability with PM6/PYF-T-o. The results indicate that the "N-π-N" type oligomeric acceptor has a great application prospect due to its superior high efficiency and improved stability in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- Sino‐Danish Center for Education and ResearchSino‐Danish CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing100190China
- School of Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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25
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Oligothiophene-based photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells: rise, plateau, and revival. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the production of light from materials in response to the external stimulus of mechanical action. For organic compounds, the production of ML is tightly associated with fracture and plastic deformation of materials with piezoelectric effect in crystal lattice, and the ML property is highly dependent on the molecular packing mode, spatial conformation, and intermolecular interaction in the solid state. In the past few years, our group focused on the molecular design of pure organic ML compounds, with an attempt to discover different features of ML in pursuing the inherent emission mechanism and potential practical applications. We successfully found polymorph-dependent ML, ML with a phosphorescent property, conformation-dependent ML, ML with odd-even effect, wearable ML devices applied in heartbeat and pressure detection, etc. In this Perspective, we aim to deepen the understanding of ML and provide some guidance for the molecular design of organic light-emitting materials through the combination of our contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Tu
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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27
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Qaisar M, Zahid S, Khera RA, El-Badry YA, Saeed MU, Mehmood RF, Iqbal J. Molecular Modeling of Pentacyclic Aromatic Bislactam-Based Small Donor Molecules by Altering Auxiliary End-Capped Acceptors to Elevate the Photovoltaic Attributes of Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20528-20541. [PMID: 35755375 PMCID: PMC9219062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule (SM)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have dominated the photovoltaic industry on account of their efficient optical and electronic properties. This quantum mechanical study addresses a DFT study of pentacyclic aromatic bislactam (PCL)-based small molecules for extremely proficient OSCs. Five novel small molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) retaining the A-π-A-π-D-π-A-π-A arrangement were fabricated from the reference PCLR. At the MPW1PW91/6-31G** level of theory, detailed profiling of these novel molecules was performed by accurately following DFT, along with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) hypothetical simulations to analyze the UV-visible absorption (λmax), light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), dipole moment (μ), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V OC), power conversion efficiency (PCE), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), binding energy (E b), density of states (DOS), electrostatic potential (ESP), and transition density matrix (TDM) plots. Alteration of peripheral acceptors in all of the molecular structures drastically modified their charge-transfer properties, such as a strong light-harvesting capability in the range of 0.9993-0.9998, reduced exciton E b (from 0.34 to 0.39 eV), a reduced bandgap (E g) in the range of 1.66-1.99 eV, an elevated λmax (775-959 nm) along with a higher μ in the solvent phase (1.934-7.865 D) when studied in comparison with PCLR, possessing an LHE of 0.9986, an E b of 0.40, an E g 2.27 eV, λmax at 662 nm, and a μ of 0.628 D. The FMO analysis revealed the uniform dispersal of charge density entirely along the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals in newly constructed moieties. Electron as well as hole mobility rates, V OC, FF, and PCE of all novel molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) were higher as compared with those of PCLR, ultimately making them exceptional candidates for solar devices. Focusing on the outcomes, terminal acceptor modification was found to be a suitable method for the development of highly tuned OSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Qaisar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yaser A. El-Badry
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University,
khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umar Saeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Punjab
Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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28
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Novel pull–push organic switches with D–π–A structural designs: computational design of star shape organic materials. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Liu H, Tao YD, Wang LH, Ye DN, Huang XM, Chen N, Li CZ, Liu SY. C-H Direct Arylation: A Robust Tool to Tailor the π-Conjugation Lengths of Non-Fullerene Acceptors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200034. [PMID: 35344269 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Facile synthesis without involvement of toxic reagents is of great significance in the practical application of photovoltaic materials. In this work, four acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type unfused-ring acceptors (UFRAs) with stepwise extension in π-conjugation, i. e., CPFB-IC-n (n=1-4), involving cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and 1,4-difluorobenzene (DFB) as cores, are facilely synthesized by an atom-, step-economic and labor-saving method through direct arylation of C-H bond (DACH). Among them, CPFB-IC-4 has the longest conjugation lengths among the molecular UFRA ever reported. The dependence of optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances of CPFB-IC-n (n=1-4) on conjugation length were systematically investigated. CPFB-IC-2 with near zero highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offsets (ΔEHOMO =0.06 eV) achieves the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE), due to the significantly enhanced open voltage (VOC ) and short current (JSC ) caused by the balanced frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and complementary light absorption. Our work demonstrates that the optical properties and FMOs of UFRAs can be finely tuned by the stepwise elongation of conjugation lengths. Meanwhile, DACH coupling as a powerful tool here established will be a promising candidate for synthesizing high-performance oligomeric UFRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Dan Tao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Nai Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Min Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
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30
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Wang H, Cao C, Chen H, Lai H, Ke C, Zhu Y, Li H, He F. Oligomeric Acceptor: A "Two-in-One" Strategy to Bridge Small Molecules and Polymers for Stable Solar Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201844. [PMID: 35307936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oligomeric acceptors are expected to combine the advantages of both highly developed small molecular and polymeric acceptors. However, organic solar cells (OSCs) based on oligomers lag far behind due to their slow development and low diversity. Here, three oligomeric acceptors were produced through oligomerization of small molecules. The dimer dBTICγ-EH achieved the best power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 14.48 % in bulk heterojunction devices and possessed a T80 (80 % of the initial PCE) lifetime of 1020 h under illumination, which were far better than that of small molecular and polymeric acceptors. More excitingly, it showed PCEs of 16.06 % in quasi-planar heterojunction (Q-PHJ) devices which is the highest value OSCs using oligomeric acceptors to date. These results suggest that oligomerization of small molecules is a promising strategy to achieve OSCs with optimized performance between the high efficiency and durable stability, and offer oligomeric materials a bright future in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Congcong Cao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunxian Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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31
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Aubele A, He Y, Kraus T, Li N, Mena-Osteritz E, Weitz P, Heumüller T, Zhang K, Brabec CJ, Bäuerle P. Molecular Oligothiophene-Fullerene Dyad Reaching Over 5% Efficiency in Single-Material Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103573. [PMID: 34463391 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel donor-acceptor dyad, 4, in which the conjugated oligothiophene donor is covalently connected to fullerene PC71 BM by a flexible alkyl ester linker, is synthesized and applied as photoactive layer in solution-processed single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs). Excellent photovoltaic performance, including a high short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 13.56 mA cm-2 , is achieved, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 5.34% in an inverted cell architecture, which is substantially increased compared to other molecular single materials. Furthermore, dyad 4-based SMOSCs display excellent stability maintaining 96% of the initial performance after 750 h (one month) of continuous illumination and operation under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation. These results will strengthen the rational molecular design to further develop SMOSCs for potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yakun He
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teresa Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Weitz
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang A, Wu H, Ran G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Li C, Liu Y, Yang C, Tang Z, Zhang W, Bo Z. Designing High-Performance Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors via Synergistically Adjusting Side Chains and Electron-Withdrawing End-Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21287-21294. [PMID: 35484865 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three nonfused ring electron acceptors, Hexyl-0F, Isopropyl-0F, and Isopropyl-2F, are designed and synthesized. Unlike Hexyl-0F, Isopropyl-0F with two sterically hindered 2,4,6-triisopropyl-phenyl groups is highly soluble, which provides a good opportunity for solution processability. Compared with Isopropyl-0F, Isopropyl-2F with fluorinated end-groups exhibits red-shifted absorption. Due to these synergistic adjustment, Isopropyl-2F-based devices displayed a high power conversion efficiency of 12.55%, higher than that of Isopropyl-0F (9.49%). The result demonstrates that the introduction of large steric substituents in the π-bridge units and electron-withdrawing end-groups plays a positive role in the construction of high-efficiency nonfused ring electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Cuihong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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33
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Arshad M, Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asiri AM. Exploration of the Intriguing Photovoltaic Behavior for Fused Indacenodithiophene-Based A-D-A Conjugated Systems: A DFT Model Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:11606-11617. [PMID: 35449987 PMCID: PMC9017102 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers are engaged nowadays in developing efficient photovoltaic materials to accomplish the demand of modern technology. Nonfullerene small molecular acceptors (NF-SMAs) show potential photovoltaic performance, accelerating the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the first theoretical designing of a series of indacenodithiophene-based (IDIC1-IDIC6) acceptor chromophores was done by structural tailoring with various well-known acceptors from the recently synthesized IDICR molecule. For the selection of the best level of density functional theory (DFT), various functionals such as B3LYP, M06-2X, CAM-B3LYP, and ωB97XD with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set were used for the UV-visible analysis of IDICR. Consequently, UV-visible results revealed that an interesting agreement was found between experimental and DFT-based values at the B3LYP level. Therefore, quantum chemical investigations were executed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level to evaluate the photovoltaic and optoelectronic properties. Structural tailoring with various acceptors resulted in a narrowing of the energy gap (2.245-2.070 eV) with broader absorption spectra (750.919-660.544 nm). An effective transfer of charge toward lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) from highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) was studied, which played a crucial role in conducting materials. Further, open circuit voltage (V oc) analysis was performed with respect to HOMO PBDB-T -LUMOACCEPTOR, and all of the derivatives exhibited a comparable value of voltage with that of the parent chromophore. Lower reorganization energies in titled chromophores for holes and electrons were examined, which indicated the higher rate of mobility of charges. Interestingly, all of the designed chromophores exhibited a preferable optoelectronic response compared to the reference molecule. Therefore, this computed framework demonstrates that conceptualized chromophores are preferable and might be used to build high-performance organic solar cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department
of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
- , ,
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Material Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203, Saudi
Arabia
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34
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Wang H, Cao C, Chen H, Lai H, Ke C, Zhu Y, Li H, He F. Oligomeric Acceptor: A “Two‐in‐One” Strategy to Bridge Small Molecules and Polymers for Stable Solar Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Congcong Cao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Chunxian Ke
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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35
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Ma Y, Lau KKT, Fang J, Ma CQ, Lin Y. Simplified Synthetic Approach to Tetrabrominated Spiro-Cyclopentadithiophene and the Following Derivation to A-D-A Type Acceptor Molecules for Use in Polymer Solar Cells. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5057-5064. [PMID: 35333523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4,4'-Spiro-bis[cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene] (SCT) is a versatile building block for constructing three-dimensional (3D) π-conjugated molecules for use in organic electronics. In this paper, we report a more convenient synthetic route to SCT and its derivatives, where a structurally symmetric 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (2) serves as the precursor for both the synthesis of 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophen-4-one (4) and 4-(5,5'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2'-bithiophen-3-yl)-2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4-hydroxy-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (5). The later one is the key intermediate for the final brominated SCT building block. Such a "two birds with one stone" strategy simplifies the synthetic approach to the SCT core. Functionalization on the SCT core with different terminal electron-deficient groups, including 1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (ID), 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC), and 2-(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (FIC), was carried out, yielding three spiro-conjugated A-D-A type molecules, SCT-(TID)4, SCT-(TIC)4, SCT-(TFIC)4, respectively. The optical spectroscopy and electrochemical properties of these three compounds were investigated and compared to the corresponding linear oligomers. Results revealed that the IC and TFIC terminated compounds showed low-lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels with reduced optical bandgap, making them more suitable for use in polymer solar cells. A power conversion efficiency of 3.73% was achieved for the SCT-(TFIC)4 based cell, demonstrating the application perspective of 3D molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jianchang Wu
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuchao Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Kim K T Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215000, PR China
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36
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Roy M, Walton JH, Fettinger JC, Balch AL. Direct Crystallization of Diamine Radical Cations: Carbon‐Nitrogen Bond Formation from the Reaction of Triphenylamine with TiCl
4
, TiBr
4
, or SnCl
4
versus Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation with SbCl
5
**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104631. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, NMR Facility University of California Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, NMR Facility University of California Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, NMR Facility University of California Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Alan L. Balch
- Department of Chemistry, NMR Facility University of California Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis CA 95616 USA
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37
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Wang J, Zhan X. From Perylene Diimide Polymers to
Fused‐Ring
Electron Acceptors: A
15‐Year
Exploration Journey of Nonfullerene Acceptors. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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38
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Acelas M, Castellanos NJ, Sierra CA. Stability and Performance Enhancement of an Oligo (phenylene vinylene) Photocatalyst via Surface Grafting onto TiO
2
for Visible‐Light Indigo Carmine Degradation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Acelas
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá 111321 Colombia
| | - Nelson J. Castellanos
- Estado Sólido y Catálisis Ambiental (ESCA) Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá 111321 Colombia
| | - César A. Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación en Macromoléculas Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá 111321 Colombia
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39
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Turkoglu G, Ozturk T. Fluorescent small molecules with alternating triarylamine-substituted selenophenothiophene and triarylborane: synthesis, photophysical properties and anion sensing studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2715-2725. [PMID: 35080223 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two novel D-π-A fluorophores based on selenopheno[3,2-b]thiophene, possessing triphenylamine and 4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylamine units as donors and dimesitylborane as an acceptor, linked through a π-conjugated thiophene spacer (BTPAST and BOMeTPAST, respectively) were synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in both solution and the state of aggregation and compared to those of their corresponding donor parts, having no dimesitylborane units (TPAST and OMeTPAST). All the compounds displayed large Stokes shifts between 100 and 140 nm with positive solvatochromism in solvents having different polarities. While BTPAST displayed both aggregation induced emission (AIE) and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) characteristics, the others preponderated with TICT effects. The sensing abilities of BTPAST and BOMeTPAST towards different anions were studied. Both exhibited chromogenic and fluorogenic responses to small anions such as fluoride and cyanide, for which the detection limits were found to be 0.12 and 2.43 ppm with BTPAST and 0.59 and 0.92 ppm with BOMeTPAST, respectively. These results provide guidance for the development of novel fused selenophenothiophene sensors in the field of anion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Turkoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey. .,TUBITAK-UME, Chemistry Group Laboratories, PO Box 54, 41471, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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40
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Siddiqui A, Thawarkar S, Singh SP. A novel perylenediimide molecule: Synthesis, structural property relationship and nanoarchitectonics. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Wang LH, Chen XJ, Ye DN, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhong AG, Li CZ, Liu SY. Pot- and atom-economic synthesis of oligomeric non-fullerene acceptors via C–H direct arylation. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three long-chain oligomeric acceptors with a stepwise increase in conjugation length are obtained via three successive one-pot reactions and a systematic structure–property–performance relationship study was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xian-Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Nai Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ai-Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy & Chemistry, Taizhou University, 317000, PR China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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42
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Cao J, Yang S. Progress in perylene diimides for organic solar cell applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6966-6973. [PMID: 35424700 PMCID: PMC8982277 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the application of PDI molecules in organic solar cells in recent years, detailing the strategies and approaches of molecular design and their application effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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43
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44
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Yu HY, Zhang CR, Zhang ML, Liu XM, Gong JJ, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Molecular tuning of non-fullerene electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics: a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the famous A–D–A-type non-fullerene acceptor IT-4F, this work investigates the effects of introducing methyl groups and substituting dicyano with O on optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yuan Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Ji-Jun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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45
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46
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Kim M, Ryu SU, Park SA, Pu YJ, Park T. Designs and understanding of small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors for realizing commercially viable organic photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14004-14023. [PMID: 34760184 PMCID: PMC8565376 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising next-generation technology with great potential for portable, wearable, and transparent photovoltaic applications. Over the past few decades, remarkable advances have been made in non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs, with their power conversion efficiency exceeding 18%, which is close to the requirements for commercial realization. Novel molecular NFA designs have emerged and evolved in the progress of understanding the physical features of NFA-based OPVs in relation to their high performance, while there is room for further improvement. In this review, the molecular design of representative NFAs is described, and their blend characteristics are assessed via statistical comparisons. Meanwhile, the current understanding of photocurrent generation is reviewed along with the significant physical features observed in high-performance NFA-based OPVs, while the challenging issues and the strategic perspectives for the commercialization of OPV technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Seung Un Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
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47
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Khalid M, Momina, Imran M, Rehman MFU, Braga AAC, Akram MS. Molecular engineering of indenoindene-3-ethylrodanine acceptors with A2-A1-D-A1-A2 architecture for promising fullerene-free organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20320. [PMID: 34645887 PMCID: PMC8514561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the increased demand and potential of photovoltaic devices in clean, renewable electrical and hi-tech applications, non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) chromophores have gained significant attention. Herein, six novel NFA molecules IBRD1-IBRD6 have been designed by structural modification of the terminal moieties from experimentally synthesized A2-A1-D-A1-A2 architecture IBR for better integration in organic solar cells (OSCs). To exploit the electronic, photophysical and photovoltaic behavior, density functional theory/time dependent-density functional theory (DFT/TD-DFT) computations were performed at M06/6-311G(d,p) functional. The geometry, electrical and optical properties of the designed acceptor molecules were compared with reported IBR architecture. Interestingly, a reduction in bandgap (2.528-2.126 eV), with a broader absorption spectrum, was studied in IBR derivatives (2.734 eV). Additionally, frontier molecular orbital findings revealed an excellent transfer of charge from donor to terminal acceptors and the central indenoindene-core was considered responsible for the charge transfer. Among all the chromophores, IBRD3 manifested the lowest energy gap (2.126 eV) with higher λmax at 734 and 745 nm in gaseous phase and solvent (chloroform), respectively due to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of five end-capped cyano groups present on the terminal acceptor. The transition density matrix map revealed an excellent charge transfer from donor to terminal acceptors. Further, to investigate the charge transfer and open-circuit voltage (Voc), PBDBT donor polymer was blended with acceptor chromophores, and a significant Voc (0.696-1.854 V) was observed. Intriguingly, all compounds exhibited lower reorganization and binding energy with a higher exciton dissociation in an excited state. This investigation indicates that these designed chromophores can serve as excellent electron acceptor molecules in organic solar cells (OSCs) that make them attractive candidates for the development of scalable and inexpensive optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Momina
- Department of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ataualpa Albert Carmo Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. LineuPrestes 748, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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48
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Khalid M, Khan MU, -Razia ET, Shafiq Z, Alam MM, Imran M, Akram MS. Exploration of efficient electron acceptors for organic solar cells: rational design of indacenodithiophene based non-fullerene compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19931. [PMID: 34620948 PMCID: PMC8497501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global need for renewable sources of energy has compelled researchers to explore new sources and improve the efficiency of the existing technologies. Solar energy is considered to be one of the best options to resolve climate and energy crises because of its long-term stability and pollution free energy production. Herein, we have synthesized a small acceptor compound (TPDR) and have utilized for rational designing of non-fullerene chromophores (TPD1-TPD6) using end-capped manipulation in A2-A1-D-A1-A2 configuration. The quantum chemical study (DFT/TD-DFT) was used to characterize the effect of end group redistribution through frontier molecular orbital (FMO), optical absorption, reorganization energy, open circuit voltage (Voc), photovoltaic properties and intermolecular charge transfer for the designed compounds. FMO data exhibited that TPD5 had the least ΔE (1.71 eV) with highest maximum absorption (λmax) among all compounds due to the four cyano groups as the end-capped acceptor moieties. The reorganization energies of TPD1-TPD6 hinted at credible electron transportation due to the lower values of λe than λh. Furthermore, open circuit voltage (Voc) values showed similar amplitude for all compounds including parent chromophore, except TPD4 and TPD5 compounds. These designed compounds with unique end group acceptors have the potential to be used as novel fabrication materials for energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Eisha-Tul -Razia
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
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49
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Bary G, Ghani L, Jamil MI, Arslan M, Ahmed W, Ahmad A, Sajid M, Ahmad R, Huang D. Designing small organic non-fullerene acceptor molecules with diflorobenzene or quinoline core and dithiophene donor moiety through density functional theory. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19683. [PMID: 34608168 PMCID: PMC8490382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-fullerene acceptors A1-A5 with diflourobenzene or quinoline core (bridge) unit, donor cyclopenta[1,2-b:3,4-b']dithiophene unit and 2-(2-methylene-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile as acceptor unit with additional phenyl, fulvene or thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinyl 5-oxide groups have been designed through DFT calculations. The optimization of molecular geometries were performed with density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP 6-31G (d,p) level of theory. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies, band gap energies and dipole moments (ground and excited state) have been calculated to probe the photovoltaic properties. The band gap (1.42-2.01 eV) and dipole moment values (5.5-18. Debye) showed that these designed acceptors are good candidates for organic solar cells. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) results showed λmax (wave length at maximum absorption) value (611-837 nm), oscillator strength (f) and excitation energies (1.50-2.02 eV) in gas phase and in CHCl3 solvent (1.48-1.89 eV) using integral equation formalism variant (IEFPCM) model. The λmax in CHCl3 showed marginal red shift for all designed acceptors compared with gas phase absorption. The partial density of states (PDOS) has been plotted by using multiwfn which showed that all the designed molecules have more electronic distribution at the donor moiety and lowest at the central bridge. The reorganization energies of electron (λe) (0.0007 eV to 0.017 eV), and the hole reorganization energy values (0.0003 eV to - 0.0403 eV) were smaller which suggested that higher charged motilities. The blends of acceptors A1-A5 with donor polymer D1 provided open circuit voltage (Voc) and ∆HOMO off-set of the HOMO of donor and acceptors. These blends showed 1.04 to 1.5 eV values of Voc and 0 to 0.38 eV ∆HOMO off set values of the donor-acceptor bends which indicate improved performance of the cell. Finally, the blend of D1-A4 was used for the study of distribution of HOMO and LUMO. The HOMO were found distributed on the donor polymer (D1) while the A4 acceptor was found with LUMO distribution. Based on λmax values, and band gap energies (Eg), excitation energies (Ex), reorganization energies; the A3 and A4 will prove good acceptor molecules for the development of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Bary
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lubna Ghani
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea.
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Duohui Huang
- Faculty of Science, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
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50
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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