1
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Huang X, Wang X, Zou Y, An M, Wang Y. The Renaissance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a Promising Hole-Transporting Material Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400874. [PMID: 38794876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xuran Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yaqing Zou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Yang L, Sun Y, Lin G, Manners I, Qiu H. Surface-Initiated Living Self-Assembly of Polythiophene-Based Conjugated Block Copolymer into Erect Micellar Brushes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315740. [PMID: 38195825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanostructured conjugated polymers are of widespread interest due to their broad applications in organic optoelectronic devices, biomedical sensors and other fields. However, the alignment of conjugated nanostructures perpendicular to a surface remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report a facile method to directly self-assemble a poly(3-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophene), P3EHT-based block copolymer into densely aligned micellar brushes through surface-initiated living crystallization-driven self-assembly. The presence of an ethyl pendant on the side group intrinsically moderates the crystallization rate of the polythiophene main chains, and hence favors the controlled living growth of long conjugated fibers and the subsequent fabrication of conjugated micellar brushes. The corona of the micellar brush can be further decorated with platinum nanoparticles, which enables the formation of erect nanoarrays with heights up to 2700 nm in the dried state. This also renders the micellar brush catalytically active toward hydrogen evolution reaction, which shows a low overpotential of 27 mV at 10 mA cm-2 . Notably, the P3EHT-based micellar brush can simultaneously grow with polyferrocenyldimethylsilane, PFS-based micellar brush on the same surface without any significant interference between the two systems. Thus, these two micellar brushes can be patterned through site-selective immobilization of two types of seeds followed by independent living self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Geyu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P5 C2, Canada
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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3
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Deng S, Kuang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Liu J, Li J, Meng B, Di CA, Hu J, Liu J. High-Performance and Ecofriendly Organic Thermoelectrics Enabled by N-Type Polythiophene Derivatives with Doping-Induced Molecular Order. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309679. [PMID: 38051134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of n-type polymer thermoelectric materials to tolerate high doping loading limits further development of n-type polymer conductivity. Herein, two alcohol-soluble n-type polythiophene derivatives that are n-PT3 and n-PT4 are reported. Due to the ability of two polymers to tolerate doping loading more significantly than 100 mol%, both achieve electrical conductivity >100 S cm-1 . Moreover, the conductivity of both polythiophenes remains almost constant at high doping concentrations with excellent doping tunability, which may be related to their ability to overcome charging-induced backbone torsion and morphology change caused by saturated doping. The characterizations reveal that n-PT4 has a high doping level and carrier concentration (>3.10 × 1020 cm-3 ), and the carrier concentration continues to increase as the doping concentration increases. In addition, doping leads to improved crystal structure of n-PT4, and the crystallinity does not decrease significantly with increasing doping concentration; even the carrier mobility increases with it. The synergistic effect of these two leads to both n-PT3 and n-PT4 achieving a breakthrough of 100 in conductivity and power factor. The DMlmC-doped n-PT4 achieves a power factor of over 150 µW m-1 K-2 . These values are among the highest for n-type organic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yazhuo Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liyao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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4
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Dong Y, Zheng H, Lin Z, Peng J. Rapid Meniscus-Assisted Solution Printing of Large-Area Stripe Arrays of Highly Oriented Conjugated Polymers for Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Macro Lett 2024:212-218. [PMID: 38285531 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The ability to pattern semiconducting conjugated polymers (CPs) and concurrently enable their highly oriented chains represents an important endeavor to render their high charge mobility for electronic devices. However, simple yet generalizable routes to CPs with such desirable characteristics are limited. Herein, we report a robust meniscus-assisted solution printing (MASP) strategy to craft arrays of donor-acceptor CP stripes and scrutinize the correlation between different stripes and their charge transport attributes. Specifically, the MASP constrains the CP solution to evaporate between two nearly parallel plates with a stationary upper plate and a mobile lower plate containing periodic photoresist (PR) microchannels. Orchestrating the MASP speed comparable to the CP crystal growth rate yields CP stripe arrays with highly aligned CP crystals, resulting in the highest carrier mobility. Notably, our MASP technique can conveniently pattern other CPs of interest. It stands out as a simple strategy to impart large-scale production of functional materials for a wide range of applications in optics, electronics, sensors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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5
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Yang H, Du J. Composites made of Ginkgo biloba fibers and polylactic acid exhibit non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127232. [PMID: 37793533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer crystallization affects material microstructure and the final product quality, and the crystallization kinetics that govern this process are critical. In this study, alkali-treated Ginkgo biloba fibers (GFs) were melt blended with polylactic acid (PLA) to obtain GF/PLA blends. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the GF/PLA composites were subsequently investigated using the Avrami, Jeziorny, Ozawa, and Liu-Mo methods, and the crystallization activation energies of the systems were calculated by Kissinger and Friedman models. The results showed that the GFs significantly promoted PLA crystallization, accelerated the crystallization rate, and shortened the crystallization time. The Avrami method showed some deviation from the linear relationship due to the effect of secondary crystallization, while the numeric value obtained by the Jeziorny method increased with the cooling rate. The Ozawa method could only be used in a very narrow range of temperatures, while the Liu-Mo method showed a more desirable fit. Crystallization activation energy calculations showed that the GFs promoted an increase in the crystallization capacity of the blend and a decrease in the effective potential barrier. This resulted in more selective biocomposites than pure PLA, offering greater applicability in domains including tissue engineering and 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianghua Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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6
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Liu A, Lee M, Venkatesh R, Bonsu JA, Volkovinsky R, Meredith JC, Reichmanis E, Grover MA. Conjugated Polymer Process Ontology and Experimental Data Repository for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:8816-8826. [PMID: 38027538 PMCID: PMC10653076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based semiconductors and organic electronics encapsulate a significant research thrust for informatics-driven materials development. However, device measurements are described by a complex array of design and parameter choices, many of which are sparsely reported. For example, the mobility of a polymer-based organic field-effect transistor (OFET) may vary by several orders of magnitude for a given polymer as a plethora of parameters related to solution processing, interface design/surface treatment, thin-film deposition, postprocessing, and measurement settings have a profound effect on the value of the final measurement. Incomplete contextual, experimental details hamper the availability of reusable data applicable for data-driven optimization, modeling (e.g., machine learning), and analysis of new organic devices. To curate organic device databases that contain reproducible and findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) experimental data records, data ontologies that fully describe sample provenance and process history are required. However, standards for generating such process ontologies are not widely adopted for experimental materials domains. In this work, we design and implement an object-relational database for storing experimental records of OFETs. A data structure is generated by drawing on an international standard for batch process control (ISA-88) to facilitate the design. We then mobilize these representative data records, curated from the literature and laboratory experiments, to enable data-driven learning of process-structure-property relationships. The work presented herein opens the door for the broader adoption of data management practices and design standards for both the organic electronics and the wider materials community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
L. Liu
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myeongyeon Lee
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 East Morton Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Rahul Venkatesh
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jessica A. Bonsu
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ron Volkovinsky
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J. Carson Meredith
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 124 East Morton Street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Martha A. Grover
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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7
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Staub MC, Yu S, Li CY. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Crystalsomes: Tiling 1D Polymer Crystals on a Spherical Surface. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200529. [PMID: 35879644 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymer crystalsomes are a class of hollow crystalline polymer nanoparticles with shells formed by single crystals with broken translational symmetry. They have shown intriguing mechanical, thermal, and biomedical properties associated with spherical packing. Previously reported crystalsomes are formed by quasi-2D lamellae which can readily tile on a spherical surface. In this work, the formation of polymer crystalsomes formed by 1D polymer crystals is reported. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is chosen as the model polymer because of its 1D growth habit. P3HT crystalsomes are successfully fabricated using a miniemulsion solution crystallization method, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction experiments confirm that P3HT crystallized into a Form I crystal structure. XRD, differential scanning calorimetry and UV-Vis results reveal curvature-dependent structural, thermal and electro-optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Clyde Staub
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shichen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Yuren Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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8
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Chen S, Zheng H, Liu X, Peng J. Tailoring Co-crystallization over Microphase Separation in Conjugated Block Copolymers via Rational Film Processing for Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang Q, Guan J, Xue J, Yu X, Wu F, Ma W, Han Y. Improving the Molecular Packing Order and Vertical Phase Separation of the P3HT:O-IDTBR Blend by Extending the Crystallization Period of O-IDTBR. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44685-44696. [PMID: 36153967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The morphology with strong molecular packing order and gradient vertical composition distribution associated with efficient charge transport and collection is critical to achieve high performance in nonfullerene solar cells. However, the rapid solidification process of the active layer upon the fast removal of solvent usually results in a kinetically trapped state with undesired morphology. Herein, we proposed a strategy to extend the crystal growth time of the acceptor via a high-boiling-point additive that selectively dissolved the acceptor. This was enabled by adding dibenzyl ether (DBE) to the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):O-IDTBR blend in chlorobenzene (CB) solution. The combination of the kinetic study by time-resolved ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra and detailed morphological characterization allows us to correlate the crystallization kinetics with the microstructural transition. The results show that the crystal growth time of O-IDTBR increases from 3 to 60 s upon the addition of 0.75% DBE, leading to further evolution of the molecular order of O-IDTBR during the DBE-dominated drying period. Meanwhile, O-IDTBR has more time to migrate toward the substrate owing to the larger surface energy. In addition, the onset of the crystallization process of P3HT is brought forward from 8 to 6 s due to the reduced solvent quality, which favors P3HT to crystallize into a fibril network. As a result, an optimized morphology that features the enhanced molecular packing order of P3HT and O-IDTBR as well as the vertical compositional gradient of O-IDTBR is obtained. Devices based on the optimized blend show more balanced charge transport and suppressed bimolecular recombination, giving rise to an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 4.29 ± 0.04 to 7.30 ± 0.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Fabrication of Multilayered Two-Dimensional Micelles and Fibers by Controlled Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194125. [PMID: 36236073 PMCID: PMC9571386 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricating hierarchical nanomaterials by self-assembly of rod-coil block copolymers attracts great interest. However, the key factors that affect the formation of the hierarchical nanomaterials have not been thoroughly researched. Herein, we have synthesized two diblock copolymers composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Through a heating, cooling, and aging process, a series of multilayered hierarchical micelles and fibers were prepared in alcoholic solutions. The transition from fibers to hierarchical micelles are strictly influenced by the strength of the π-π stacking interaction, the PEG chain length, and solvent. In isopropanol, the P3HT22-b-PEG43 could self-assemble into hierarchical micelles composed of several two-dimensional (2D) laminar layers, driven by the π-π stacking interaction and van der Waals force. The P3HT22-b-PEG43 could not self-assemble into well-defined nanostructures in methanol and ethanol, but could self-assemble into fibers in isobutanol. However, the P3HT22-b-PEG113 with a longer corona block only self-assembled into fibers in four alcoholic solutions, due to the increase in dissolving capacity and steric hindrance. The sizes and the size distributions of the nanostructures both increased with the increase in polymer concentration and the decrease in solvent polarity. This study shows a method to fabricate the hierarchical micelles.
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11
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Hicks GEJ, Cranston RR, Lotocki V, Manion JG, Lessard BH, Seferos DS. Dopant-Stabilized Assembly of Poly(3-hexylthiophene). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16456-16470. [PMID: 36044779 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly is a powerful approach for forming nanostructures for solution-phase applications. However, polymer semiconductor assembly has primarily been driven by solvent interactions. Here, we report poly(3-hexythiophene) homopolymer assembly driven and stabilized by oxidative doping with iron (III) p-toluenesulfonate in benzonitrile. By this improved method, dopant mol % and addition temperature determine the size and morphology of oxidized polymer nanostructures. The dopant counterion provides colloidal stability in a process of dopant-stabilized assembly (DSA). Each variable governing polymer assembly is systematically varied, revealing general principles of oxidized nanostructure assembly and allowing the polymer planarity, optical absorption, and doping level to be modulated. Oxidized nanostructure heights, lengths, and widths are shown to depend on these properties, which we hypothesize is due to competing nanostructure formation and oxidation mechanisms that are governed by the polymer conformation upon doping. Finally, we demonstrate that the nanoparticle oxidative doping level can be tuned post-formation through sequential dopant addition. By revealing the fundamental processes underlying DSA, this work provides a powerful toolkit to control the assembly and optoelectronic properties of oxidatively doped nanostructures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosemary R Cranston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Lotocki
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, M5S 3E5 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Ellis CE, Hils C, Oliver AM, Greiner A, Schmalz H, Manners I. Electrospinning of 1D Fiber‐Like Block Copolymer Micelles with a Crystalline Core. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Alex M. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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13
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Fu X, Dong X, Yang G, Bai S. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of graphene/PA10T composites. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10206. [PMID: 36033336 PMCID: PMC9404347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallization kinetics is the key factor in controlling the polymer crystallization process and affecting crystallinity and crystalline morphology, which determine the polymer's main properties. In this work, the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of graphene/PA10T composites are investigated by the Jeziorny method and Mo method, and the crystallization activation energy is calculated by the Kissinger method. It is found that the addition of an appropriate amount of graphene to PA10T can significantly promote the crystallization of PA10T and accelerate its crystallization rate. The Jeziorny equation does not have a linear relationship across the whole crystallization range, while the Mo equation does a good linear fitting. In addition, the crystallization activation energy decreases when the graphene content is below 1 wt.%. TGA results indicate that the addition of graphene improves the thermal stability of PA10T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xia Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guisheng Yang
- Shanghai Genius Advanced Material Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, PR China
| | - Shulin Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, HEDPS/Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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14
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Zhang L, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang T, Liu D, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang Q, Han Y. Improving crystallinity and ordering of PBTTT by inhibiting nematic to smectic phase transition via rapid cooling. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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15
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Chen S, Zhu S, Lin Z, Peng J. Transforming Polymorphs via Meniscus-Assisted Solution-Shearing Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11194-11203. [PMID: 35776757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune polymorphs of conjugated polymers affords a robust platform for investigating the processing-structure-property relationship. However, simple and generalizable routes to polymorphs have yet to be realized. Herein, we report a viable meniscus-assisted solution-shearing (MASS) strategy to effectively modulate polymorphs (i.e., polymorphs I and II) of poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and scrutinize the correlation between the two different polymorphs and charge transport characteristics. Specifically, polymorph II exists solely in drop-cast P3BT films. Intriguingly, confined shearing of P3BT renders efficient transformation of polymorph II to I. The kinetics of polymorph transformation associated with the changes in molecular packing and thus photophysical properties are elucidated. The resulting organic field-effect transistors reveal a strong correlation of device performance to attained polymorphs and crystal orientations of P3BT. Such polymorph transformation via the convenient MASS technique can be readily extended to other conjugated polymers of interest. This study highlights the robustness of MASS in regulating polymorphs of conjugated polymers to interrogate their interdependence of processing, structure, and property for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Casalegno M, Famulari A, Meille SV. Modeling of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Its Oligomer’s Structure and Thermal Behavior with Different Force Fields: Insights into the Phase Transitions of Semiconducting Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosè Casalegno
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Antonino Famulari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Stefano Valdo Meille
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano (MI), Italy
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17
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Wenzel FA, Welz H, van der Zwan KP, Stäter S, Kreger K, Hildner R, Senker J, Schmidt HW. Highly Efficient Supramolecular Nucleating Agents for Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hannes Welz
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kasper P. van der Zwan
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stäter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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18
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Zheng H, Li W, Chen Y, Jiang B, Che Y, Ou C, Li J, Han X, Liu C, Zhang L. Construction of Laterally Asymmetric Heterojunctions with Sub-Micrometer Resolution by Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Polythiophene Nanofibers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105306. [PMID: 34994521 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric semiconductors are crucial candidates for the construction of next-generation flexible and printable electronic devices. By virtue of the successful preparation of monodispersed colloidal solution in orthogonal solvent, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers are developed into versatile building blocks for nanoelectronics and their compatibilities are verified with photolithographic lift-off technology. Then, the joint efforts from both the bottom-up hierarchical self-assembly and top-down self-alignment technology have led to the realization of lateral asymmetric heterojunctions with resolution better than 1 µm. As a result, planar photovoltaic devices incorporating N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide and P3HT supramolecular nanowires as active components are constructed with the cathode-to-anode distance being tuned from ≈0.1 to 1-2 µm. Based on such a novel device configuration, an interesting phenomenon of channel-length-dependent photovoltaic efficiency is observed for the first time, strongly suggesting the impact of near-field light intensity on the performance of nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Baichuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Che
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cailing Ou
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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19
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An H, Smith JW, Ji B, Cotty S, Zhou S, Yao L, Kalutantirige FC, Chen W, Ou Z, Su X, Feng J, Chen Q. Mechanism and performance relevance of nanomorphogenesis in polyamide films revealed by quantitative 3D imaging and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk1888. [PMID: 35196079 PMCID: PMC8865778 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological morphogenesis has inspired many efficient strategies to diversify material structure and functionality using a fixed set of components. However, implementation of morphogenesis concepts to design soft nanomaterials is underexplored. Here, we study nanomorphogenesis in the form of the three-dimensional (3D) crumpling of polyamide membranes used for commercial molecular separation, through an unprecedented integration of electron tomography, reaction-diffusion theory, machine learning (ML), and liquid-phase atomic force microscopy. 3D tomograms show that the spatial arrangement of crumples scales with monomer concentrations in a form quantitatively consistent with a Turing instability. Membrane microenvironments quantified from the nanomorphologies of crumples are combined with the Spiegler-Kedem model to accurately predict methanol permeance. ML classifies vastly heterogeneous crumples into just four morphology groups, exhibiting distinct mechanical properties. Our work forges quantitative links between synthesis and performance in polymer thin films, which can be applicable to diverse soft nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John W. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bingqiang Ji
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Cotty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lehan Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zihao Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jie Feng
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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20
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Callaway CP, Liu AL, Venkatesh R, Zheng Y, Lee M, Meredith JC, Grover M, Risko C, Reichmanis E. The Solution is the Solution: Data-Driven Elucidation of Solution-to-Device Feature Transfer for π-Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3613-3620. [PMID: 35037454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The advent of data analytics techniques and materials informatics provides opportunities to accelerate the discovery and development of organic semiconductors for electronic devices. However, the development of engineering solutions is limited by the ability to control thin-film morphology in an immense parameter space. The combination of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) laboratory techniques and data analytics offers tremendous avenues to traverse the expansive domains of tunable variables offered by organic semiconductor thin films. This Perspective outlines the steps required to incorporate a comprehensive informatics methodology into the experimental development of polymer-based organic semiconductor technologies. The translation of solution processing and property metrics to thin-film behavior is crucial to inform efficient HTE for data collection and application of data-centric tools to construct new process-structure-property relationships. We argue that detailed investigation of the solution state prior to deposition in conjunction with thin-film characterization will yield a deeper understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms influencing performance in π-conjugated polymer electronics, with data-driven approaches offering predictive capabilities previously unattainable via traditional experimental means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor P Callaway
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Aaron L Liu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rahul Venkatesh
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yulong Zheng
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Myeongyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - J Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martha Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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21
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Zhang Q, Chang M, Fan Z, Deng L, Lu Y. Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization, electrochemical and optical properties of regioregular 3-substituted polythiophenes with alkylsulphanyl and alkylsulfonyl groups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Tang L, Watts B, Thomsen L, McNeill CR. Morphology and Charge Transport Properties of P(NDI2OD-T2)/Polystyrene Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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23
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Beer P, Reichstein PM, Schötz K, Raithel D, Thelakkat M, Köhler J, Panzer F, Hildner R. Disorder in P3HT Nanoparticles Probed by Optical Spectroscopy on P3HT- b-PEG Micelles. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10165-10173. [PMID: 34797986 PMCID: PMC8647091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We employ photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy on individual nanoscale aggregates of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, at room temperature (RT) and at low temperature (LT) (1.5 K), to unravel different levels of structural and electronic disorder within P3HT nanoparticles. The aggregates are prepared by self-assembly of the block copolymer P3HT-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P3HT-b-PEG) into micelles, with the P3HT aggregates constituting the micelles' core. Irrespective of temperature, we find from the intensity ratio between the 0-1 and 0-0 peaks in the PL spectra that the P3HT aggregates are of H-type nature, as expected from π-stacked conjugated thiophene backbones. Moreover, the distributions of the PL peak ratios demonstrate a large variation of disorder between micelles (inter-aggregate disorder) and within individual aggregates (intra-aggregate disorder). Upon cooling from RT to LT, the PL spectra red-shift by 550 cm-1, and the energy of the (effective) carbon-bond stretch mode is reduced by 100 cm-1. These spectral changes indicate that the P3HT backbone in the P3HT-b-PEG copolymer does not fully planarize before aggregation at RT and that upon cooling, partial planarization occurs. This intra-chain torsional disorder is ultimately responsible for the intra- and inter-aggregate disorder. These findings are supported by temperature-dependent absorption spectra on thin P3HT films. The interplay between intra-chain, intra-aggregate, and inter-aggregate disorder is key for the bulk photophysical properties of nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers, for example, in hierarchical (super-) structures. Ultimately, these properties determine the usefulness of such structures in hybrid organic-inorganic materials, for example, in (bio-)sensing and optoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Beer
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Paul M Reichstein
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schötz
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dominic Raithel
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Lin X, Liu R, Ding C, Deng J, Guo Y, Long S, Li L, Li M. Modulation of Microstructure and Charge Transport in Polymer Monolayer Transistors by Solution Aging. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
- School of Microelectronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chenming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Junyang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yifu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shibing Long
- School of Microelectronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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25
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Lin PS, Shoji Y, Afraj SN, Ueda M, Lin CH, Inagaki S, Endo T, Tung SH, Chen MC, Liu CL, Higashihara T. Controlled Synthesis of Poly[(3-alkylthio)thiophene]s and Their Application to Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31898-31909. [PMID: 34190528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Regioregular polythiophenes have been widely used in organic electronic applications due to their solution processability with chemical modification through side chain engineering, as well as their microstructural organization and good hole transport properties. Here, we introduce alkylthio side chains, (poly[(3-alkylthio)thiophene]s; P3ATTs), with strong noncovalent sulfur molecular interactions, to main chain thienyl backbones. These P3ATTs were compared with alkyl-substituted polythiophene (poly(3-alkylthiophene); P3AT) variants such that the effects of straight (hexyl and decyl) and branched (2-ethylhexyl) side chains (with and without S atoms) on their thin-film morphologies and crystalline states could be investigated. P3ATTs with linear alkylthio side chains (P3HTT, hexylthio; P3DTT, decylthio) did not attain the expected higher organic field-effect transistor (OFET) mobilities with respect to P3HT (hexyl) and P3DT (decyl) mainly due to their lower regioregularity (76-78%), although P3ATTs exhibit an enhanced tendency for aggregation and compact molecular packing, as indicated by the red-shifting of the absorption spectra and the shortening of the π-π stacking distance, respectively. Moreover, the loss of regioregularity issue can be solved by introducing more soluble 2-ethylhexylthio branched side chains to form poly[3-(2-ethylhexylthio)thiophene] (P3EHTT), which provides enhanced crystallinity and efficient charge mobility (increased by up to a factor of 3) with respect to the poly(2-ethylhexylthiophene) (P3EHT) without S atoms in the side moieties. This study demonstrates that the presence of side chain alkylthio structural motifs with nonbonded interactions in polythiophene semiconductors has a beneficial impact on the molecular conformation, morphologies, structural packing, and charge transport in OFET devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yamato Shoji
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shakil N Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Shin Inagaki
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Taiki Endo
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
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26
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Yu J, Xing Y, Shen Z, Zhu Y, Neher D, Koch N, Lu G. Infrared spectroscopy depth profiling of organic thin films. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1461-1471. [PMID: 34846454 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh02047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin films are widely used in organic electronics and coatings. Such films often feature film-depth dependent variations of composition and optoelectronic properties. State-of-the-art depth profiling methods such as mass spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy rely on non-intrinsic species (vaporized ions, etching-induced surface defects), which are chemically and functionally different from the original materials. Here we introduce an easily-accessible and generally applicable depth profiling method: film-depth-dependent infrared (FDD-IR) spectroscopy profilometry based on directly measuring the intrinsic material after incremental surface-selective etching by a soft plasma, to study the material variations along the surface-normal direction. This depth profiling uses characteristic vibrational signatures of the involved compounds, and can be used for both conjugated and non-conjugated, neutral and ionic materials. A film-depth resolution of one nanometer is achieved. We demonstrate the application of this method for investigation of device-relevant thin films, including organic field-effect transistors and organic photovoltaic cells, as well as ionized dopant distributions in doped semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinde Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Ding Z, Liu D, Zhao K, Han Y. Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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28
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Huang L, Wang Z, Chen J, Wang B, Chen Y, Huang W, Chi L, Marks TJ, Facchetti A. Porous Semiconducting Polymers Enable High-Performance Electrochemical Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007041. [PMID: 33655643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic polymer electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are of great interest for flexible electronics and bioelectronics applications owing to their high transconductance and low operating voltage. However, efficient OECT operation must delicately balance the seemingly incompatible materials optimizations of redox chemistry, active layer electronic transport, and ion penetration/transport. The latter characteristics are particularly challenging since most high-mobility semiconducting polymers are hydrophobic, which hinders efficient ion penetration, hence limiting OECT performance. Here, the properties and OECT response of a series of dense and porous semiconducting polymer films are compared, the latter fabricated via a facile breath figure approach. This methodology enables fast ion doping, high transconductance (up to 364 S cm-1 ), and a low subthreshold swing for the hydrophobic polymers DPPDTT and P3HT, rivalling or exceeding the metrics of the relatively hydrophilic polymer, Pg2T-T. Furthermore, the porous morphology also enhances the transconductance of hydrophilic polymers, offering a general strategy for fabricating high-performance electrochemical transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Research Center for Engineering Technology of Polymeric Composites of Shanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Inc., 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
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29
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Lu JM, Wang HF, Pan JZ, Fang Q. Research Progress of Microfluidic Technique in Synthesis of Micro/Nano Materials. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Cha WY, Lee JY, Park J, Koo YH, Park J, Seki S, Kim WS, Park J. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystalline Cubes: A Facile Preparation of Polymer Particles Featuring Long-range Ordering. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Cha
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jae-yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
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31
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Following isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films by UV–vis spectroscopy. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Shaposhnik PA, Zapunidi SA, Shestakov MV, Agina EV, Ponomarenko SA. Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors and the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices are considered in detail. The criteria for the selection of organic semiconductors for these devices are presented. The causes of degradation of semiconductor layers and ways of their elimination are discussed. Examples of the use of electrolyte-gated organic transistors as bio and chemical sensors, artificial synapses and computing devices are given.
The bibliography includes 132 references.
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33
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Du B, Yi J, Yan H, Wang T. Temperature Induced Aggregation of Organic Semiconductors. Chemistry 2020; 27:2908-2919. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jicheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Institute The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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34
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He K, Kumar P, Abd-Ellah M, Liu H, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Li Y. Alkyloxime Side Chain Enabled Polythiophene Donors for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marwa Abd-Ellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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35
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Wu T, Pfohl T, Chandran S, Sommer M, Reiter G. Formation of Needle-like Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystals from Metastable Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wu
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Wang G, Feng LW, Huang W, Mukherjee S, Chen Y, Shen D, Wang B, Strzalka J, Zheng D, Melkonyan FS, Yan J, Stoddart JF, Fabiano S, DeLongchamp DM, Zhu M, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Mixed-flow design for microfluidic printing of two-component polymer semiconductor systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17551-17557. [PMID: 32647062 PMCID: PMC7395453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000398117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational creation of two-component conjugated polymer systems with high levels of phase purity in each component is challenging but crucial for realizing printed soft-matter electronics. Here, we report a mixed-flow microfluidic printing (MFMP) approach for two-component π-polymer systems that significantly elevates phase purity in bulk-heterojunction solar cells and thin-film transistors. MFMP integrates laminar and extensional flows using a specially microstructured shear blade, designed with fluid flow simulation tools to tune the flow patterns and induce shear, stretch, and pushout effects. This optimizes polymer conformation and semiconducting blend order as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), resonant soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS), photovoltaic response, and field effect mobility. For printed all-polymer (poly[(5,6-difluoro-2-octyl-2H-benzotriazole-4,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl[4,8-bis[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl]) [J51]:(poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)}) [N2200]) solar cells, this approach enhances short-circuit currents and fill factors, with power conversion efficiency increasing from 5.20% for conventional blade coating to 7.80% for MFMP. Moreover, the performance of mixed polymer ambipolar [poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):N2200] and semiconducting:insulating polymer unipolar (N2200:polystyrene) transistors is similarly enhanced, underscoring versatility for two-component π-polymer systems. Mixed-flow designs offer modalities for achieving high-performance organic optoelectronics via innovative printing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Binghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Ding Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ferdinand S Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jinhui Yan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dean M DeLongchamp
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899;
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China;
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Flexterra Corporation, Skokie, IL 60077
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Center for Hierarchical Materials Design, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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Jang M, Huh YI, Chang M. Effects of Solvent Vapor Annealing on Morphology and Charge Transport of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Films Incorporated with Preformed P3HT Nanowires. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051188. [PMID: 32456100 PMCID: PMC7284567 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We systematically studied the influence of solvent vapor annealing on the molecular ordering, morphologies, and charge transport properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films embedded with preformed crystalline P3HT nanowires (NWs). Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) with chloroform (CF) was found to profoundly impact on the structural and morphological changes, and thus on the charge transport characteristics, of the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films. With increased annealing time, the density of crystalline P3HT NWs was increased within the resultant films, and also intra- and intermolecular interactions of the corresponding films were significantly improved. As a result, the P3HT-NW-embedded P3HT films annealed with CF vapor for 20 min resulted in a maximized charge carrier mobility of ~0.102 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than that of pristine P3HT films by 4.4-fold (μ = ~0.023 cm2 V−1 s−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Jang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yang-Il Huh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-I.H.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
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Hicks GEJ, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Panchuk JR, Manion JG, Seferos DS. Oxidation promoted self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6383-6392. [PMID: 34094104 PMCID: PMC8159418 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly is an attractive strategy for organizing molecules into ordered structures that can span multiple length scales. Crystallization Driven Self-Assembly (CDSA) involves a block copolymer with a crystallizable core-forming block and an amorphous corona-forming block that aggregate into micelles with a crystalline core in solvents that are selective for the corona block. CDSA requires core- and corona-forming blocks with very different solubilities. This hinders its use for the self-assembly of purely π-conjugated block copolymers since blocks with desirable optoelectronic properties tend to have similar solubilities. Further, this approach is not readily reversible, precluding stimulus-responsive assembly and disassembly. Here, we demonstrate that selective oxidative doping of one block of a fully π-conjugated block copolymer promotes the self-assembly of redox-responsive micelles. Heteroatom substitution in polychalcogenophenes enables the modulation of the intrinsic polymer oxidation potential. We show that oxidized micelles with a narrow size distribution form spontaneously and disassemble in response to a chemical reductant. This method expands the scope of π-conjugated polymers that can undergo controlled self-assembly and introduces reversible, redox-responsive self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garion E J Hicks
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Charles N Jarrett-Wilkins
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Joseph G Manion
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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Kumari N, Pandey M, Nagamatsu S, Nakamura M, Pandey SS. Investigation and Control of Charge Transport Anisotropy in Highly Oriented Friction-Transferred Polythiophene Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11876-11883. [PMID: 32070097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Highly oriented thin films of poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT) were prepared by friction-transfer technique followed by their characterization using polarized absorption spectroscopy, angle-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Orientation in high-molecular-weight (MW) polymers is hampered by chain folding or entanglements, which limit their macromolecular orientation. Interestingly, utilizing high-molecular-weight PBTTT (MW > 50 kDa) and friction-transfer technique, successful fabrication of highly oriented thin films with very high dichroic ratio (∼30) was demonstrated. The role of the substrate's surface energy and its impact on the field-effect mobility (μ) of the oriented thin films were comprehensively investigated. The influence of annealing the thin films as prepared on the bare and self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-treated SiO2 surfaces exhibiting differential trends of μ was systematically investigated. This was explained by partial and complete conformational transformation of macromolecules on bare and SAM-treated SiO2 surfaces, respectively, after annealing them beyond liquid crystalline phase transition temperature, as revealed by in-plane and out-of-plane XRD results. On bare SiO2, optimum μ up to 0.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the backbone orientation was obtained for the thin films annealed to 120 °C; whereas, it reached up to 0.36 cm2 V-1 s-1 on SAM-treated SiO2 after annealing at 200 °C. Finally, a charge transport mechanism was proposed taking evidence from the anisotropic optical and electrical characteristics of the friction-transferred PBTTT films into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kumari
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080196, Japan
| | - Manish Pandey
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagamatsu
- Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 80-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502 Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakamura
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu 8080196, Japan
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Wu X, Jia R, Pan J, Zhang X, Jie J. Roles of interfaces in the ideality of organic field-effect transistors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:454-472. [PMID: 32118236 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are fundamental building blocks for flexible and large-area electronics due to their superior solution-processability, flexibility and stretchability. OFETs with high ideality are essential to their practical applications. In reality, however, many OFETs still suffer from non-ideal behaviors, such as gate-dependent mobility, which thus hinders the extraction of their intrinsic performance. It is much desired to gain a comprehensive understanding of the origins of these non-idealities. OFETs are primarily interface-related devices, and hence their performance and ideality are highly dependent on the interface properties between each device component. This review will focus on the recent progress in investigating the non-ideal behaviors of OFETs. In particular, the roles of interfaces, including the organic semiconductor (OSC)/dielectric interface, OSC/electrode interface and OSC/atmosphere interface, in determining the ideality of OFETs are summarized. Viable approaches through interface optimization to improve the device ideality are also reviewed. Finally, an overview of the outstanding challenges as well as the future development directions for the construction of ideal OFETs is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Ruofei Jia
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China.
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Li M, Bin H, Jiao X, Wienk MM, Yan H, Janssen RAJ. Controlling the Microstructure of Conjugated Polymers in High-Mobility Monolayer Transistors via the Dissolution Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:846-852. [PMID: 31709705 PMCID: PMC6973252 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It remains a challenge to precisely tailor the morphology of polymer monolayers to control charge transport. Herein, the effect of the dissolution temperature (Tdis ) is investigated as a powerful strategy for morphology control. Low Tdis values cause extended polymer aggregation in solution and induce larger nanofibrils in a monolayer network with more pronounced π-π stacking. The field-effect mobility of the corresponding monolayer transistors is significantly enhanced by a factor of four compared to devices obtained from high Tdis with a value approaching 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Besides that, the solution kinetics reveal a higher growth rate of aggregates at low Tdis , and filtration experiments further confirm that the dependence of the fibril width in monolayers on Tdis is consistent with the aggregate size in solution. The generalizability of the Tdis effect on polymer aggregation is demonstrated using three other conjugated polymer systems. These results open new avenues for the precise control of polymer aggregation for high-mobility monolayer transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated TechnologyInstitute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchDe Zaale 205612AJEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Haijun Bin
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO800 Blackburn RoadClaytonVictoria3168Australia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityWellington RoadClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy InstituteThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong KongHong Kong
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy ResearchDe Zaale 205612AJEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Ge F, Zhang C, Yao H, Zhang G, Wang X, Qiu L. Precisely Controlling the Structure of Ultrathin Semiconducting Films by a Laminating Method for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48147-48154. [PMID: 31786919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on conjugated polymers have received extensive attention in recent years. However, the relationships between the multiscale structures of conjugated polymers and electrical properties are not well established. Here, laminated, ultrathin poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films have been prepared using a sequential, repeated transfer-etching process from the precursor conjugated/insulating polymer blend films and used to study the structure-property relationship at the transition of the film structure from 2D to 3D. The molecular packing of the films is improved by lamination as certified by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The laminated ultrathin P3HT films exhibit excellent electrical properties with a maximum mobility of 0.23 cm2 V-1 s-1 at three layers, which is close to the highest value reported for undoped P3HT OFETs. Temperature-dependent FET characteristics reveal that the laminated films have low activation energy and a 2D charge transport profile regardless of the number of layers. These charge transport properties are attributed to the well-ordered molecular packing and low trap density in the films, which are enabled by the phase separation of the precursor blend films and the lamination process. In addition, OFETs based on these films have good photostability under different wavelengths of light, indicating that this approach has promising practical application prospects.
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Li M, Bin H, Jiao X, Wienk MM, Yan H, Janssen RAJ. Controlling the Microstructure of Conjugated Polymers in High‐Mobility Monolayer Transistors via the Dissolution Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated TechnologyInstitute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Haijun Bin
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Xuechen Jiao
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University Wellington Road Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Energy InstituteThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and NanosystemsInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute For Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
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OHMURA SD, HIRAO T, MIYOSHI N, MORIUCHI T. Cocrystal Structure of the Redox-active Phenylenediamine and Quinonediimine Derivatives. X-RAY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ONLINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2116/xraystruct.35.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi D. OHMURA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Toshikazu HIRAO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Norikazu MIYOSHI
- Department of Natural Sciences, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Toshiyuki MORIUCHI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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Zhang Z, Wang T, Ding Z, Miao J, Wang J, Dou C, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. Small Molecular Donor/Polymer Acceptor Type Organic Solar Cells: Effect of Molecular Weight on Active Layer Morphology. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Samanta K, Guenet JM, Malik S. Intermingled Network of Syndiotactic Polystyrene/Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki Samanta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (Formerly Polymer Science Unit), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jean-Michel Guenet
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex
2, France
| | - Sudip Malik
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (Formerly Polymer Science Unit), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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McBride M, Bacardi G, Morales C, Risteen B, Keane D, Reichmanis E, Grover MA. Control of Nucleation Density in Conjugated Polymers via Seed Nucleation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37955-37965. [PMID: 31522502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of processing methods to precisely control the solution state properties of semiconducting polymers in situ have remained elusive. Herein, a facile solution seed nucleation processing method is presented in which nucleated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solutions are blended with well-solvated, non-nucleated counterparts as a means to promote the formation of interconnected polymer networks. Nucleation and growth of these networks was induced by preprocessing the solution with UV irradiation and subsequent solution aging prior to deposition via blade-coating. This process was adopted for both batch and continuous flow processing. Superior charge carrier (hole) mobilities were observed in samples with nucleated seeds compared to controls with 0% nucleated P3HT and 100% nucleated P3HT. UV-vis spectral analysis identified that an intermediate degree of solution aggregation (15-20%) is most conducive to enhanced charge transport. The role of intrachain and interchain ordering and alignment on the mesoscale and macroscale is characterized via X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy techniques. The results presented here provide a framework to enable in situ control of the nucleation and growth process to achieve targeted solution state properties resulting in reliable and reproducible performance when the solutions are used for device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McBride
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Guillermo Bacardi
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Carlex Morales
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Bailey Risteen
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Daniel Keane
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 771 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Martha A Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Dr NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Risteen B, McBride M, Gonzalez M, Khau B, Zhang G, Reichmanis E. Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystal-Mediated Conjugated Polymer Aggregation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25338-25350. [PMID: 31265224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inducing the self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers into semicrystalline aggregates has been a topic of substantial interest in the field of organic electronics and is typically achieved using energy-intensive solution processing or postfilm deposition methods. Here, we demonstrate the ability of bioderived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) to act as structure-directing agents for the conjugated semiconducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). CNCs were grafted with polystyrene, P3HT or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and subsequently blended with P3HT in solution to study the effect on conjugated polymer self-assembly. The presence of polymer-grafted CNCs resulted in an increase in P3HT semicrystalline aggregate formation, the degree of which depended on the surface free energy of the grafted polymer. The time-dependent P3HT aggregation was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, and the resulting data was fit to the Avrami crystallization model. The surface energies of each additive were calculated via contact angle measurements and were used to elucidate the mechanism of P3HT aggregation in these blended systems. P3HT aggregation was enhanced by unfavorable polymer-polymer interactions at the CNC surface, and spatial confinement effects that were imposed by phase separation. Finally, films were cast from the P3HT/CNC solutions and their electronic performance was characterized by organic field-effect transistor device measurements. Films containing polymer-grafted CNCs exhibited higher charge-carrier mobilities, in some cases, up to a 6-fold increase. These bioderived particles constituted a significant volume fraction of the deposited P3HT thin films with an increase in performance, showing promise as a method for reducing costs and improving the sustainability of organic electronics.
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