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Zhang W, Xu L, Zhang H. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques for atmospheric chemistry research on molecular-level. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:1091-1134. [PMID: 37439762 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's atmosphere is composed of an enormous variety of chemical species associated with trace gases and aerosol particles whose composition and chemistry have critical impacts on the Earth's climate, air quality, and human health. Mass spectrometry analysis as a powerful and popular analytical technique has been widely developed and applied in atmospheric chemistry for decades. Mass spectrometry allows for effective detection, identification, and quantification of a broad range of organic and inorganic chemical species with high sensitivity and resolution. In this review, we summarize recently developed mass spectrometry techniques, methods, and applications in atmospheric chemistry research in the past several years on molecular-level. Specifically, new developments of ion-molecule reactors, various soft ionization methods, and unique coupling with separation techniques are highlighted. The new mass spectrometry applications in laboratory studies and field measurements focused on improving the detection limits for traditional and emerging volatile organic compounds, characterizing multiphase highly oxygenated molecules, and monitoring particle bulk and surface compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lu Xu
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Davern MJ, West GV, Eichler CMA, Turpin BJ, Zhang Y, Surratt JD. External liquid calibration method for iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry enables quantification of gas-phase per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) dynamics in indoor air. Analyst 2024; 149:3405-3415. [PMID: 38712891 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manufactured chemicals that have been detected across the globe. Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) are one PFAS class commonly found in indoor air due to emissions from consumer products (e.g., textiles and food packaging) and are human metabolic, atmospheric oxidative, and industrial precursors of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). We developed a quantitative method for real-time analysis of gas-phase FTOHs, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFCAs and GenX), one perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA), one fluorotelomer diol (FTdiOH), and one fluorinated ether (E2) using high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometry equipped with iodide reagent ion chemistry (I-HR-ToF-CIMS). Herein, we present a direct liquid injection method for external calibration, providing detection limits of 0.19-3.1 pptv for 3 s averaging and 0.02-0.44 pptv for 120 s averaging, with the exception of E2, which had detection limits of 1700 and 220 pptv for 3- and 120 s averaging, respectively. These calibrations enabled real-time gas-phase quantification of 6 : 2 FTOH in room air while microwaving popcorn, with an average peak air concentration of 31.6 ± 4.5 pptv measured 2 meters from a closed microwave. Additionally, 8 : 2 and 10 : 2 FTOH concentrations in indoor air were measured in the presence and absence of a rain jacket, with observed peak concentrations of 110 and 25 pptv, respectively. Our work demonstrates the ability of I-HR-ToF-CIMS to provide real-time air measurements of PFAS relevant to indoor human exposure settings and allow for PFAS source identification. We expect that real-time quantification of other gas-phase PFAS classes is possible, enabling advances in understanding PFAS sources, chemistry, and partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davern
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27514.
| | - Gabrielle V West
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27514.
| | - Clara M A Eichler
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 77843.
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27514.
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599
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3
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Gao Q, Shen C, Zhang H, Long B, Truhlar DG. Quantitative kinetics reveal that reactions of HO 2 are a significant sink for aldehydes in the atmosphere and may initiate the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16160-16174. [PMID: 38787752 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Large aldehydes are widespread in the atmosphere and their oxidation leads to secondary organic aerosols. The current understanding of their chemical transformation processes is limited to hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation during daytime and nitrate radical (NO3) oxidation during nighttime. Here, we report quantitative kinetics calculations of the reactions of hexanal (C5H11CHO), pentanal (C4H9CHO), and butanal (C3H7CHO) with hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. We find that neither tunneling nor multistructural torsion anharmonicity should be neglected in computing these rate constants; strong anharmonicity at the transition states is also important. We find rate constants for the three reactions in the range 3.2-7.7 × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K and 1 atm, showing that the HO2 reactions can be competitive with OH and NO3 oxidation under some conditions relevant to the atmosphere. Our findings reveal that HO2-initiated oxidation of large aldehydes may be responsible for the formation of highly oxygenated molecules via autoxidation. We augment the theoretic studies with laboratory flow-tube experiments using an iodide-adduct time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer to confirm the theoretical predictions of peroxy radicals and the autoxidation pathway. We find that the adduct from HO2 + C5H11CHO undergoes a fast unimolecular 1,7-hydrogen shift with a rate constant of 0.45 s-1. We suggest that the HO2 reactions make significant contributions to the sink of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Chuanyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California, 92507, USA.
| | - Bo Long
- School of Physics and Mechatronic Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu university, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA.
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4
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Zhang W, Issa K, Tang T, Zhang H. Role of Hydroperoxyl Radicals in Heterogeneous Oxidation of Oxygenated Organic Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4727-4736. [PMID: 38411392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous oxidative aging of organic aerosols (OA) occurs ubiquitously in the atmosphere, initiated by oxidants, such as the hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2•) are also an important oxidant in the troposphere, and its gas-phase chemistry has been well studied. However, the role of HO2• in heterogeneous OA oxidation remains elusive. Here, we carry out •OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation of several OA model systems under different HO2• conditions in a flow tube reactor and characterize the molecular oxidation products using a suite of mass spectrometry instrumentation. By using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) with thermal desorption iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry, we provide direct observation of organic hydroperoxide (ROOH) formation from heterogeneous HO2• and peroxy radicals (RO2•) reactions for the first time. The ROOH may contribute substantially to the oxidation products, varied with the parent OA chemical structure. Furthermore, by regulating RO2• reaction pathways, HO2• also greatly influence the overall composition of the oxidized OA. Last, we suggest that the RO2• + HO2• reactions readily occur at the OA particle interface rather than in the particle bulk. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the heterogeneous OA oxidation chemistry and help fill the critical knowledge gap in understanding atmospheric OA oxidative aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Kassem Issa
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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5
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Li L, Thomsen D, Wu C, Priestley M, Iversen EM, Tygesen Sko̷nager J, Luo Y, Ehn M, Roldin P, Pedersen HB, Bilde M, Glasius M, Hallquist M. Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Products from Ozonolysis of Δ 3-Carene and the Effect of Temperature and Relative Humidity. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:918-928. [PMID: 38293769 PMCID: PMC10860141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Formation of oxidized products from Δ3-carene (C10H16) ozonolysis and their gas-to-particle partitioning at three temperatures (0, 10, and 20 °C) under dry conditions (<2% RH) and also at 10 °C under humid (78% RH) conditions were studied using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (ToF-CIMS) combined with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO). The Δ3-carene ozonolysis products detected by the FIGAERO-ToF-CIMS were dominated by semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The main effect of increasing temperature or RH on the product distribution was an increase in fragmentation of monomer compounds (from C10 to C7 compounds), potentially via alkoxy scission losing a C3 group. The equilibrium partitioning coefficient estimated according to equilibrium partitioning theory shows that the measured SVOC products distribute more into the SOA phase as the temperature decreases from 20 to 10 and 0 °C and for most products as the RH increases from <2 to 78%. The temperature dependency of the saturation vapor pressure (above an assumed liquid state), derived from the partitioning method, also allows for a direct way to obtain enthalpy of vaporization for the detected species without accessibility of authentic standards of the pure substances. This method can provide physical properties, beneficial for, e.g., atmospheric modeling, of complex multifunctional oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Ditte Thomsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
- IVL
Swedish Environmental Institute, Malmö21119, Sweden
| | - Henrik B. Pedersen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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6
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Kenseth CM, Hafeman NJ, Rezgui SP, Chen J, Huang Y, Dalleska NF, Kjaergaard HG, Stoltz BM, Seinfeld JH, Wennberg PO. Particle-phase accretion forms dimer esters in pinene secondary organic aerosol. Science 2023; 382:787-792. [PMID: 37972156 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a pivotal role in climate, air quality, and health. The production of low-volatility dimeric compounds through accretion reactions is a key aspect of SOA formation. However, despite extensive study, the structures and thus the formation mechanisms of dimers in SOA remain largely uncharacterized. In this work, we elucidate the structures of several major dimer esters in SOA from ozonolysis of α-pinene and β-pinene-substantial global SOA sources-through independent synthesis of authentic standards. We show that these dimer esters are formed in the particle phase and propose a mechanism of nucleophilic addition of alcohols to a cyclic acylperoxyhemiacetal. This chemistry likely represents a general pathway to dimeric compounds in ambient SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hafeman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Samir P Rezgui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nathan F Dalleska
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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7
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Dam M, Thomas AE, Smith JN. Formation of Highly Oxidized Organic Compounds and Secondary Organic Aerosol from α-Thujene Ozonolysis. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6989-6998. [PMID: 37582247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We conducted laboratory chamber experiments to probe the gas- and particle-phase composition of oxidized organics and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from α-thujene ozonolysis under different chemical regimes. The formation of low-volatility compounds was observed using chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate (NO3-) and iodide (I-) reagent ions. The contribution of measured low-volatility compounds to particle growth was predicted using a simple condensational growth model and found to underpredict the measured growth rates in our chamber (on the order of several nm min-1). The yields of low-volatility compounds and SOA mass were similar to those of other monoterpene ozonolysis systems. While semivolatile compounds C10H14-16O3-7 were measured most abundantly with I- reagent ion, a large fraction of products measured with NO3- were C5-7 fragments with predicted intermediate volatility. Additionally, particle composition was measured with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry and compared to particle composition from α-pinene ozonolysis. Structural isomers were identified from tandem mass spectrometry analysis of two abundant product ions (C8H13O5-, C19H27O7-). Our results indicate that although this system efficiently generates low-volatility organics and SOA under the conditions studied, fragmentation pathways that produce more highly volatile products effectively compete with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelia Dam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Adam E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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8
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Mayorga R, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Long B, Zhang H. Peroxy Radical Autoxidation and Sequential Oxidation in Organic Nitrate Formation during Limonene Nighttime Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15337-15346. [PMID: 36282674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limonene is an abundant monoterpene released into the atmosphere via biogenic emissions and biomass burning. However, the atmospheric oxidation and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mechanisms of limonene, especially during nighttime, remain largely understudied. In this work, limonene was oxidized synergistically by ozone (O3) and nitrate radicals (NO3) in a flow tube reactor and a continuous flow stirred tank reactor. Upon oxidation, many highly oxidized organic nitrates and nitrooxy peroxy radicals (RO2) were observed in the gas phase within 1 min. Combining quantum chemical calculations with kinetic simulations, we found that the primary nitrooxy RO2 (C10H16NO5) through NO3 addition at the more substituted endocyclic double bond and at the exocyclic double bond (previously considered as minor pathways) can undergo autoxidation with rate constants of around 0.02 and 20 s-1 at 298 K, respectively. These pathways could explain a major portion of the observed highly oxidized organic nitrates. In the SOA, highly oxidized mono- and dinitrates (e.g., C10H17NO7-8 and C10H16,18N2O8-10) make up a significant contribution, highlighting nitrooxy RO2 autoxidation and sequential NO3 oxidation of limonene. The same organic nitrates are also observed in ambient aerosol during biomass burning and nighttime in the southeastern United States. Therefore, the present work provides new insights into the nighttime oxidation of limonene and SOA formation in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Mayorga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zixu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Bo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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9
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Skyttä A, Gao J, Cai R, Ehn M, Ahonen LR, Kurten T, Wang Z, Rissanen MP, Kangasluoma J. Isomer-Resolved Mobility-Mass Analysis of α-Pinene Ozonolysis Products. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5040-5049. [PMID: 35862553 PMCID: PMC9358649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are important sources of atmospheric aerosols. Resolving the molecular-level formation mechanisms of these HOMs from freshly emitted hydrocarbons improves the understanding of aerosol properties and their influence on the climate. In this study, we measure the electrical mobility and mass-to-charge ratio of α-pinene oxidation products using a secondary electrospray-differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (SESI-DMA-MS). The mass-mobility spectrum of the oxidation products is measured with seven different reagent ions generated by the electrospray. We analyzed the mobility-mass spectra of the oxidation products C9-10H14-18O2-6. Our results show that acetate and chloride yield the highest charging efficiencies. Analysis of the mobility spectra suggests that the clusters have 1-5 isomeric structures (i.e., ion-molecule cluster structures with distinct mobilities), and the number is affected by the reagent ion. Most of the isomers are likely cluster isomers originating from binding of the reagent ion to different sites of the molecule. By comparing the number of observed isomers and measured mobilities and collision cross sections between standard pinanediol and pinonic acid to the values observed for C10H18O2 and C10H16O3 produced from oxidation of α-pinene, we confirm that pinanediol and pinonic acid are the only isomers for these elemental compositions in our experimental conditions. Our study shows that the SESI-DMA-MS produces new information from the first steps of oxidation of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Skyttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Tsiligiannis E, Wu R, Lee BH, Salvador CM, Priestley M, Carlsson PTM, Kang S, Novelli A, Vereecken L, Fuchs H, Mayhew AW, Hamilton JF, Edwards PM, Fry JL, Brownwood B, Brown SS, Wild RJ, Bannan TJ, Coe H, Allan J, Surratt JD, Bacak A, Artaxo P, Percival C, Guo S, Hu M, Wang T, Mentel TF, Thornton JA, Hallquist M. A Four Carbon Organonitrate as a Significant Product of Secondary Isoprene Chemistry. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL097366. [PMID: 35859850 PMCID: PMC9285747 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl097366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of isoprene by nitrate radicals (NO3) or by hydroxyl radicals (OH) under high NOx conditions forms a substantial amount of organonitrates (ONs). ONs impact NOx concentrations and consequently ozone formation while also contributing to secondary organic aerosol. Here we show that the ONs with the chemical formula C4H7NO5 are a significant fraction of isoprene-derived ONs, based on chamber experiments and ambient measurements from different sites around the globe. From chamber experiments we found that C4H7NO5 isomers contribute 5%-17% of all measured ONs formed during nighttime and constitute more than 40% of the measured ONs after further daytime oxidation. In ambient measurements C4H7NO5 isomers usually dominate both nighttime and daytime, implying a long residence time compared to C5 ONs which are removed more rapidly. We propose potential nighttime sources and secondary formation pathways, and test them using a box model with an updated isoprene oxidation scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ben H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Christian Mark Salvador
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Now at Balik Scientist ProgramDepartment of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for IndustryEnergy and Emerging Technology Research and DevelopmentTaguigPhilippines
| | - Michael Priestley
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Philip T. M. Carlsson
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Sungah Kang
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Anna Novelli
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Luc Vereecken
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Alfred W. Mayhew
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Jacqueline F. Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Peter M. Edwards
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Juliane L. Fry
- Department of ChemistryReed CollegePortlandORUSA
- Now at Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Steven S. Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Robert J. Wild
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Now at Institute for Ion and PhysicsUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas J. Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hugh Coe
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - James Allan
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringGillings School of Global Public HealthThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Asan Bacak
- Centre for Atmospheric ScienceSchool of Earth and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Now at Turkish Accelerator & Radiation LaboratoryAnkara University Institute of Accelerator TechnologiesAtmospheric and Environmental Chemistry LaboratoryGölbaşı CampusAnkaraTurkey
| | - Paul Artaxo
- Institute of PhysicsUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | | | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlInternational Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education (IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Thomas F. Mentel
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK‐8: TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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