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Taujale R, Uchimiya M, Clendinen CS, Borges RM, Turck CW, Edison AS. PyINETA: Open-source platform for INADEQUATE-JRES integration in NMR metabolomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.601875. [PMID: 39026850 PMCID: PMC11257532 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.601875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Annotating compounds with high confidence is a critical element in metabolomics. 13 C-detection NMR experiment INADEQUATE (incredible natural abundance double-quantum transfer experiment) stands out as a powerful tool for structural elucidation, whereas this valuable experiment is not often included in metabolomics studies. This is partly due to the lack of community platform that provides structural information based INADEQUATE. Also, it is often the case that a single study uses various NMR experiments synergistically to improve the quality of information or balance total NMR experiment time, but there is no public platform that can integrate the outputs of INADEQUATE and other NMR experiments either. Here, we introduce PyINETA, Python-based INADEQUATE network analysis. PyINETA is an open-source platform that provides structural information of molecules using INADEQUATE, conducts database search, and integrates information of INADEQUATE and a complementary NMR experiment 13 C J -resolved experiment ( 13 C-JRES). Those steps are carried out automatically, and PyINETA keeps track of all the pipeline parameters and outputs, ensuring the transparency of annotation in metabolomics. Our evaluation of PyINETA using a model mouse study showed that our pipeline successfully integrated INADEQUATE and 13 C-JRES. The results showed that 13 C-labeled amino acids that were fed to mice were transferred to different tissues, and, also, they were transformed to other metabolites. The distribution of those compounds was tissue-specific, showing enrichment of particular metabolites in liver, spleen, pancreas, muscle, or lung. The value of PyINETA was not limited to those known compounds; PyINETA also provided fragment information for unknown compounds. PyINETA is available on NMRbox.
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Uchimiya M, Olofsson M, Powers MA, Hopkinson BM, Moran MA, Edison AS. 13C NMR metabolomics: J-resolved STOCSY meets INADEQUATE. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 347:107365. [PMID: 36634594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Robust annotation of metabolites is a challenging task in metabolomics. Among available applications, 13C NMR experiment INADEQUATE determines direct 13C-13C connectivity unambiguously, offering indispensable information on molecular structure. Despite its great utility, it is not always practical to collect INADEQUATE data on every sample in a large metabolomics study because of its relatively long experiment time. Here, we propose an alternative approach that maintains the quality of information but saves experiment time. In this approach, individual samples in a study are first screened by 13C homonuclear J-resolved experiment (JRES). Next, JRES data are processed by statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY) to extract peaks that behave similarly among samples. Finally, INADEQUATE is collected on one internal pooled sample to select STOCSY peaks that originate from the same compound. We tested this concept using the 13C-labeled endometabolome of a model marine diatom strain incubated under various settings, intending to cover a range of metabolites produced under different external conditions. This scheme was able to extract known diatom metabolites proline, 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (DHPS), β-1,3-glucan, choline, and glutamate. This pipeline also detected unknown compounds with structural information, which is valuable in metabolomics where a priori knowledge of metabolites is not always available. The ability of this scheme was seen even in sugar regions, which are usually challenging in 1H NMR due to severe peak overlap. JRES and INADEQUATE were highly complementary; INADEQUATE provided directly-bonded 13C networks, whereas JRES linked INADEQUATE networks within the same compound but broken by nitrogen or sulfur atoms, highlighting the advantage of this integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Uchimiya
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Malin Olofsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - McKenzie A Powers
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian M Hopkinson
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mary Ann Moran
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Borges RM, Gouveia GJ, das Chagas FO. Advances in Microbial NMR Metabolomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:123-147. [PMID: 37843808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Confidently, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the most informative technique in analytical chemistry and its use as an analytical platform in metabolomics is well proven. This chapter aims to present NMR as a viable tool for microbial metabolomics discussing its fundamental aspects and applications in metabolomics using some chosen examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Jorge Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fernanda Oliveira das Chagas
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bhinderwala F, Vu T, Smith TG, Kosacki J, Marshall DD, Xu Y, Morton M, Powers R. Leveraging the HMBC to Facilitate Metabolite Identification. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16308-16318. [PMID: 36374521 PMCID: PMC10948112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy and ease of metabolite assignments from a complex mixture are expected to be facilitated by employing a multispectral approach. The two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 2D 1H-1H-total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) are the experiments commonly used for metabolite assignments. The 2D 1H-13C HSQC-TOCSY and 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) are routinely used by natural products chemists but have seen minimal usage in metabolomics despite the unique information, the nearly complete 1H-1H and 1H-13C and spin systems provided by these experiments that may improve the accuracy and reliability of metabolite assignments. The use of a 13C-labeled feedstock such as glucose is a routine practice in metabolomics to improve sensitivity and to emphasize the detection of specific metabolites but causes severe artifacts and an increase in spectral complexity in the HMBC experiment. To address this issue, the standard HMBC pulse sequence was modified to include carbon decoupling. Nonuniform sampling was also employed for rapid data collection. A dataset of reference 2D 1H-13C HMBC spectra was collected for 94 common metabolites. 13C-13C spin connectivity was then obtained by generating a covariance pseudo-spectrum from the carbon-decoupled HMBC and the 1H-13C HSQC-TOCSY spectra. The resulting 13C-13C pseudo-spectrum provides a connectivity map of the entire carbon backbone that uniquely describes each metabolite and would enable automated metabolite identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Thao Vu
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0963, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2609
| | - Thomas G. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Julian Kosacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Darrell D. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0963, United States
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403-0001
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Nebraska 68588-0304
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Thomas JN, Johnston TL, Litvak IM, Ramaswamy V, Merritt ME, Rocca JR, Edison AS, Brey WW. Implementing High Q-Factor HTS Resonators to Enhance Probe Sensitivity in 13C NMR Spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONFERENCE SERIES 2022; 2323:012030. [PMID: 36187328 PMCID: PMC9524303 DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2323/1/012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) probes using thin-film high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonators provide exceptional mass sensitivity in small-sample NMR experiments for natural products chemistry and metabolomics. We report improvements in sensitivity to our 1.5 mm 13C-optimized NMR probe based on HTS resonators. The probe has a sample volume of 35 microliters and operates in a 14.1 T magnet. The probe also features HTS resonators for 1H transmission and detection and the 2H lock. The probe utilizes a 13C resonator design that provides greater efficiency than our previous design. The quality factor of the new resonator in the 14.1 T background field was measured to be 4,300, which is over 3x the value of the previous design. To effectively implement the improved quality factor, we demonstrate the effect of adding a shorted transmission line stub to increase the bandwidth and reduce the rise/fall time of 13C irradiation pulses. Initial NMR measurements verify 13C NMR sensitivity is significantly improved while preserving detection bandwidth. The probe will be used for applications in metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Thomas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, USA
| | - T L Johnston
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, USA
| | - I M Litvak
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, USA
| | | | | | - J R Rocca
- University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA
| | | | - W W Brey
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee FL, USA
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Ghosh Biswas R, Soong R, Ning P, Lane D, Bastawrous M, Jenne A, Schmidig D, de Castro P, Graf S, Kuehn T, Kümmerle R, Bermel W, Busse F, Struppe J, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Exploring the Applications of Carbon-Detected NMR in Living and Dead Organisms Using a 13C-Optimized Comprehensive Multiphase NMR Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8756-8765. [PMID: 35675504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive multiphase-nuclear magnetic resonance (CMP-NMR) is a non-invasive approach designed to observe all phases (solutions, gels, and solids) in intact samples using a single NMR probe. Studies of dead and living organisms are important to understand processes ranging from biological growth to environmental stress. Historically, such studies have utilized 1H-based phase editing for the detection of soluble/swollen components and 1H-detected 2D NMR for metabolite assignments/screening. However, living organisms require slow spinning rates (∼500 Hz) to increase survivability, but at such low speeds, complications from water sidebands and spectral overlap from the modest chemical shift window (∼0-10 ppm) make 1H NMR challenging. Here, a novel 13C-optimized E-Free magic angle spinning CMP probe is applied to study all phases in ex vivo and in vivo samples. This probe consists of a two-coil design, with an inner single-tuned 13C coil providing a 113% increase in 13C sensitivity relative to a traditional multichannel single-CMP coil design. For organisms with a large biomass (∼0.1 g) like the Ganges River sprat (ex vivo), 13C-detected full spectral editing and 13C-detected heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) can be performed at natural abundance. Unfortunately, for a single living shrimp (∼2 mg), 13C enrichment was still required, but 13C-detected HETCOR shows superior data relative to heteronuclear single-quantum coherence at low spinning speeds (due to complications from water sidebands in the latter). The probe is equipped with automatic-tuning-matching and is compatible with automated gradient shimming─a key step toward conducting multiphase screening of dead and living organisms under automation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Paris Ning
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Monica Bastawrous
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Amy Jenne
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Schmidig
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden 8117, Switzerland
| | - Peter de Castro
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden 8117, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Graf
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden 8117, Switzerland
| | - Till Kuehn
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden 8117, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kümmerle
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, Fällanden 8117, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Falko Busse
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, USA
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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Moco S. Studying Metabolism by NMR-Based Metabolomics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:882487. [PMID: 35573745 PMCID: PMC9094115 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.882487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past few decades, the direct analysis of metabolic intermediates in biological samples has greatly improved the understanding of metabolic processes. The most used technologies for these advances have been mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR is traditionally used to elucidate molecular structures and has now been extended to the analysis of complex mixtures, as biological samples: NMR-based metabolomics. There are however other areas of small molecule biochemistry for which NMR is equally powerful. These include the quantification of metabolites (qNMR); the use of stable isotope tracers to determine the metabolic fate of drugs or nutrients, unravelling of new metabolic pathways, and flux through pathways; and metabolite-protein interactions for understanding metabolic regulation and pharmacological effects. Computational tools and resources for automating analysis of spectra and extracting meaningful biochemical information has developed in tandem and contributes to a more detailed understanding of systems biochemistry. In this review, we highlight the contribution of NMR in small molecule biochemistry, specifically in metabolic studies by reviewing the state-of-the-art methodologies of NMR spectroscopy and future directions.
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Chacko S, Haseeb YB, Haseeb S. Metabolomics Work Flow and Analytics in Systems Biology. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:870-881. [PMID: 34923941 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666211217102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an omics approach of systems biology that involves the development and assessment of large-scale, comprehensive biochemical analysis tools for metabolites in biological systems. This review describes the metabolomics workflow and provides an overview of current analytic tools used for the quantification of metabolic profiles. We explain analytic tools such as mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ionization techniques, and approaches for data extraction and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoj Chacko
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yumna B Haseeb
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sohaib Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Thomas JN, Ramaswamy V, Litvak IM, Johnston TL, Edison AS, Brey WW. Progress Towards a Higher Sensitivity 13C-Optimized 1.5 mm HTS NMR Probe. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY COMMITTEE 2021; 31:1500504. [PMID: 33867781 PMCID: PMC8045891 DOI: 10.1109/tasc.2021.3061042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes using thin-film high temperature superconducting (HTS) resonators offer high sensitivity and are particularly suitable for small-sample applications. We are developing an improved 1.5 mm HTS NMR probe designed for operation at 14.1 T and optimized for 13C detection. The total sample volume is about 35 μL and the active sample volume is 20 μL. The probe employs HTS resonators for 13C and 1H transmission and detection and the 2H lock. We examine the interactions of multiple superconducting resonators and normal metal tuning loops on coil resonance frequency and probe sensitivity. We test a recently introduced 13C resonator design, engineered to significantly increase 13C detection sensitivity over previous all-HTS probes. At zero field, we observe a 13C quality factor of 6000 which is several times higher than previous resonators. In this work the coil design considerations and probe build-out procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy N Thomas
- National High Magnetic Laboratory and the Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | | | - Ilya M Litvak
- National High Magnetic Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Taylor L Johnston
- National High Magnetic Laboratory and the Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | | | - William W Brey
- National High Magnetic Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
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Ismail FMD, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Application of INADEQUATE NMR techniques for directly tracing out the carbon skeleton of a natural product. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:7-23. [PMID: 32671944 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement of 1 JCC coupling by two-dimensional (2D) INADEQUATE (incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment), which is a special case of double-quantum (DQ) spectroscopy that offers unambiguous determination of 13 C-13 C spin-spin connectivities through the DQ transitions of the spin system, is especially suited to solving structures rich in quaternary carbons and poor in hydrogen content (Crews rule). OBJECTIVE To review published literature on the application of NMR methods to determine structure in the liquid-state, which specifically considers the interaction of a pair of carbon-13 (13 C) nuclei adjacent to one another, to allow direct tracing out of contiguous carbon connectivity using 2D INADEQUATE. METHODOLOGY A comprehensive literature search was implemented with various databases: Web of Knowledge, PubMed and SciFinder, and other relevant published materials including published monographs. The keywords used, in various combinations, with INADEQUATE being present in all combinations, in the search were 2D NMR, 1 JCC coupling, natural product, structure elucidation, 13 C-13 C connectivity, cryoprobe and CASE (computer-assisted structure elucidation)/PANACEA (protons and nitrogen and carbon et alia). RESULTS The 2D INADEQUATE continues to solve "intractable" problems in natural product chemistry, and using milligram quantities with cryoprobe techniques combined with CASE/PANACEA experiments can increase machine time efficiency. The 13 C-13 C-based structural elucidation by dissolution single-scan dynamic nuclear polarisation NMR can overcome disadvantages of 13 C insensitivity at natural abundance. Selected examples have demonstrated the trajectory of INADEQUATE spectroscopy from structural determination to clarification of metabolomics analysis and use of DFT (density functional theory) and coupling constants to clarify the connectivity, hybridisation and stereochemistry within natural products. CONCLUSIONS Somewhat neglected over the years because of perceived lack of sensitivity, the 2D INADEQUATE NMR technique has re-emerged as a useful tool for solving natural products structures, which are rich in quaternary carbons and poor in hydrogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyaz M D Ismail
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 3AF, UK
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, L3 3AF, UK
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Raja G, Jung Y, Jung SH, Kim TJ. 1H-NMR-based metabolomics for cancer targeting and metabolic engineering –A review. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Edison AS, Colonna M, Gouveia GJ, Holderman NR, Judge MT, Shen X, Zhang S. NMR: Unique Strengths That Enhance Modern Metabolomics Research. Anal Chem 2020; 93:478-499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bhinderwala F, Evans P, Jones K, Laws BR, Smith T, Morton M, Powers R. Phosphorus NMR and Its Application to Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9536-9545. [PMID: 32530272 PMCID: PMC8327684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes are routinely employed by NMR metabolomics to highlight specific metabolic processes and to monitor pathway flux. 13C-carbon and 15N-nitrogen labeled nutrients are convenient sources of isotope tracers and are commonly added as supplements to a variety of biological systems ranging from cell cultures to animal models. Unlike 13C and 15N, 31P-phosphorus is a naturally abundant and NMR active isotope that does not require an external supplemental source. To date, 31P NMR has seen limited usage in metabolomics because of a lack of reference spectra, difficulties in sample preparation, and an absence of two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments, but 31P NMR has the potential of expanding the coverage of the metabolome by detecting phosphorus-containing metabolites. Phosphorylated metabolites regulate key cellular processes, serve as a surrogate for intracellular pH conditions, and provide a measure of a cell's metabolic energy and redox state, among other processes. Thus, incorporating 31P NMR into a metabolomics investigation will enable the detection of these key cellular processes. To facilitate the application of 31P NMR in metabolomics, we present a unified protocol that allows for the simultaneous and efficient detection of 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 31P-labeled metabolites. The protocol includes the application of a 2D 1H-31P HSQC-TOCSY experiment to detect 31P-labeled metabolites from heterogeneous biological mixtures, methods for sample preparation to detect 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 31P-labeled metabolites from a single NMR sample, and a data set of one-dimensional (1D) 31P NMR and 2D 1H-31P HSQC-TOCSY spectra of 38 common phosphorus-containing metabolites to assist in metabolite assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Paula Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Kaleb Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Benjamin R. Laws
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Thomas Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588-0304
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14
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Nazifova-Tasinova N, Radeva M, Galunska B, Grupcheva C. Metabolomic analysis in ophthalmology. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:236-246. [PMID: 32690974 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern science takes into account phenotype complexity and establishes approaches to track changes on every possible level. Many "omics" studies have been developed over the last decade. Metabolomic analysis enables dynamic measurement of the metabolic response of a living system to a variety of stimuli or genetic modifications. Important targets of metabolomics is biomarker development and translation to the clinic for personalized diagnosis and a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis. The current review highlights the major aspects of metabolomic analysis and its applications for the identification of relevant predictive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for some ocular diseases including dry eye, keratoconus, retinal diseases, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. To date, possible biomarker candidates for dry eye disease are lipid metabolites and androgens, for keratoconus cytokeratins, urea, citrate cycle, and oxidative stress metabolites. Palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D related metabolites, and steroid precursors may be used for distinguishing glaucoma patients from healthy controls. Dysregulation of amino acid and carnitine metabolism is critical in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Further work is needed to discover and validate metabolic biomarkers as a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ocular diseases, to provide knowledge on their etiology and pathophysiology and opportunities for personalized clinical intervention at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Mladena Radeva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 15 Doyran street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Bistra Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 84 Tzar Osvoboditel street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Christina Grupcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 15 Doyran street, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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15
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Kuhn S, Colreavy-Donnelly S, Santana de Souza J, Borges RM. An integrated approach for mixture analysis using MS and NMR techniques. Faraday Discuss 2020; 218:339-353. [PMID: 31114813 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00227d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We suggest an improved software pipeline for mixture analysis. The improvements include combining tandem MS and 2D NMR data for a reliable identification of the constituents in an algorithm based on network analysis aiming for a robust and reliable identification routine. An important part of this pipeline is the use of open-data repositories, although it is not totally reliant on them. The NMR identification step emphasizes robustness and is less sensitive towards changes in data acquisition and processing than existing methods. The process starts with LC-ESI-MSMS based molecular network dereplication using data from the GNPS collaborative collection. We identify closely related structures by propagating structure elucidation through edges in the network. Those identified compounds are added on top of a candidate list for the following NMR filtering method that predicts HSQC and HMBC NMR data. The similarity of the predicted spectra of the set of closely related structures to the measured spectra of the mixture sample is taken as one indication of the most likely candidates for its compounds. The other indication is the match of the spectra to clusters built by a network analysis from the spectra of the mixture. The sensitivity gap between NMR and MS is anticipated and it will be reflected naturally by the eventual identification of fewer compounds, but with a higher confidence level, after the NMR analysis step. The contributions of the paper are an algorithm combining MS and NMR spectroscopy and a robust nJCH network analysis to explore the complementary aspects of both techniques. This delivers good results, even if a perfect computational separation of the compounds in the mixture is not possible. All of the scripts are freely available to aid studies such as with plants, marine organisms, and microorganism natural product chemistry and metabolomics, as those are the driving forces for this project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuhn
- De Montfort University, School of Computer Science and Informatics, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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16
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Dinges SS, Hohm A, Vandergrift LA, Nowak J, Habbel P, Kaltashov IA, Cheng LL. Cancer metabolomic markers in urine: evidence, techniques and recommendations. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:339-362. [PMID: 31092915 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tests have been used as noninvasive, cost-effective tools for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diseases since ancient times. As we progress through the 21st century, modern analytical platforms have enabled effective measurement of metabolites, with promising results for both a deeper understanding of cancer pathophysiology and, ultimately, clinical translation. The first study to measure metabolomic urinary cancer biomarkers using NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) was published in 2006 and, since then, these techniques have been used to detect cancers of the urological system (kidney, prostate and bladder) and nonurological tumours including those of the breast, ovary, lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, bone and blood. This growing field warrants an assessment of the current status of research developments and recommendations to help systematize future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Dinges
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Hohm
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey A Vandergrift
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Piet Habbel
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leo L Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
In this chapter, we summarize data preprocessing and data analysis strategies used for analysis of NMR data for metabolomics studies. Metabolomics consists of the analysis of the low molecular weight compounds in cells, tissues, or biological fluids, and has been used to reveal biomarkers for early disease detection and diagnosis, to monitor interventions, and to provide information on pathway perturbations to inform mechanisms and identifying targets. Metabolic profiling (also termed metabotyping) involves the analysis of hundreds to thousands of molecules using mainly state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy technologies. While NMR is less sensitive than mass spectrometry, NMR does provide a wealth of complex and information rich metabolite data. NMR data together with the use of conventional statistics, modeling methods, and bioinformatics tools reveals biomarker and mechanistic information. A typical NMR spectrum, with up to 64k data points, of a complex biological fluid or an extract of cells and tissues consists of thousands of sharp signals that are mainly derived from small molecules. In addition, a number of advanced NMR spectroscopic methods are available for extracting information on high molecular weight compounds such as lipids or lipoproteins. There are numerous data preprocessing, data reduction, and analysis methods developed and evolving in the field of NMR metabolomics. Our goal is to provide an extensive summary of NMR data preprocessing and analysis strategies by providing examples and open source and commercially available analysis software and bioinformatics tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Kristine Kay
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Susan Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core (ERCMRC), Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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18
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Monge ME, Dodds JN, Baker ES, Edison AS, Fernández FM. Challenges in Identifying the Dark Molecules of Life. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:177-199. [PMID: 30883183 PMCID: PMC6716371 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the study of the metabolome, the collection of small molecules in living organisms, cells, tissues, and biofluids. Technological advances in mass spectrometry, liquid- and gas-phase separations, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and big data analytics have now made it possible to study metabolism at an omics or systems level. The significance of this burgeoning scientific field cannot be overstated: It impacts disciplines ranging from biomedicine to plant science. Despite these advances, the central bottleneck in metabolomics remains the identification of key metabolites that play a class-discriminant role. Because metabolites do not follow a molecular alphabet as proteins and nucleic acids do, their identification is much more time consuming, with a high failure rate. In this review, we critically discuss the state-of-the-art in metabolite identification with specific applications in metabolomics and how technologies such as mass spectrometry, ion mobility, chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance currently contribute to this challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology and Petit Institute for Biochemistry and Bioscience, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA;
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19
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Geier FM, Leroi AM, Bundy JG. 13C Labeling of Nematode Worms to Improve Metabolome Coverage by Heteronuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 31106208 PMCID: PMC6498324 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely used as a metabolomics tool, and 1D spectroscopy is overwhelmingly the commonest approach. The use of 2D spectroscopy could offer significant advantages in terms of increased spectral dispersion of peaks, but has a number of disadvantages—in particular, heteronuclear 2D spectroscopy is often much less sensitive than 1D NMR. One factor contributing to this low sensitivity in 13C/1H heteronuclear NMR is the low natural abundance of the 13C stable isotope; as a consequence, where it is possible to label biological material with 13C, there is a potential enhancement of sensitivity of up to around 90fold. However, there are some problems that can reduce the advantages otherwise gained—in particular, the fine structure arising from 13C/13C coupling, which is essentially non-existent at natural abundance, can reduce the possible sensitivity gain and increase the chances of peak overlap. Here, we examined the use of two different heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) pulse sequences for the analysis of fully 13C-labeled tissue extracts from Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. The constant time ct-HSQC had improved peak shape, and consequent better peak detection of metabolites from a labeled extract; matching this against reference spectra from the HMDB gave a match to about 300 records (although fewer actual metabolites, as some of these represent false positive matches). This approach gives a rapid and automated initial metabolome assignment, forming an ideal basis for further manual curation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Geier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armand M Leroi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Statistically correlating NMR spectra and LC-MS data to facilitate the identification of individual metabolites in metabolomics mixtures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1301-1309. [PMID: 30793214 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NMR and LC-MS are two powerful techniques for metabolomics studies. In NMR spectra and LC-MS data collected on a series of metabolite mixtures, signals of the same individual metabolite are quantitatively correlated, based on the fact that NMR and LC-MS signals are derived from the same metabolite covary. Deconvoluting NMR spectra and LC-MS data of the mixtures through this kind of statistical correlation, NMR and LC-MS spectra of individual metabolites can be obtained as if the specific metabolite is virtually isolated from the mixture. Integrating NMR and LC-MS spectra, more abundant and orthogonal information on the same compound can significantly facilitate the identification of individual metabolites in the mixture. This strategy was demonstrated by deconvoluting 1D 13C, DEPT, HSQC, TOCSY, and LC-MS spectra acquired on 10 mixtures consisting of 6 typical metabolites with varying concentration. Based on statistical correlation analysis, NMR and LC-MS signals of individual metabolites in the mixtures can be extracted as if their spectra are acquired on the purified metabolite, which notably facilitates structure identification. Statistically correlating NMR spectra and LC-MS data (CoNaM) may represent a novel approach to identification of individual compounds in a mixture. The success of this strategy on the synthetic metabolite mixtures encourages application of the proposed strategy of CoNaM to biological samples (such as serum and cell extracts) in metabolomics studies to facilitate identification of potential biomarkers.
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21
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Edison AS, Le Guennec A, Delaglio F, Kupče Ē. Practical Guidelines for 13C-Based NMR Metabolomics. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2037:69-95. [PMID: 31463840 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9690-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of 13C-based NMR metabolomics. At first glance, the low sensitivity of 13C relative to 1H NMR might seem like too great an obstacle to use this approach. However, there are several advantages to 13C NMR, whether samples can be isotopically enriched or not. At natural abundance, peaks are sharp and largely resolved, and peak frequencies are more stable to pH and other sample conditions. Statistical approaches can be used to obtain C-C and C-H correlation maps, which greatly aid in compound identification. With 13C isotopic enrichment, other experiments are possible, including both 13C-J-RES and INADEQUATE, which can be used for de novo identification of metabolites not in databases.NMR instrumentation and software has significantly improved, and probes are now commercially available that can record useful natural abundance 1D 13C spectra from real metabolomics samples in 2 h or less. Probe technology continues to improve, and the next generation should be even better. Combined with new methods of simultaneous data acquisition, which allows for two or more 1D or 2D NMR experiments to be collected using multiple receivers, very rich datasets can be collected in a reasonable amount of time that should improve metabolomics data analysis and compound identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Edison
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,NMR Facility, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Delaglio
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
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22
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Bingol K. Recent Advances in Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics by NMR and MS/NMR Methods. High Throughput 2018; 7:E9. [PMID: 29670016 PMCID: PMC6023270 DOI: 10.3390/ht7020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has made significant progress in multiple fronts in the last 18 months. This minireview aimed to give an overview of these advancements in the light of their contribution to targeted and untargeted metabolomics. New computational approaches have emerged to overcome the manual absolute quantitation step of metabolites in one-dimensional (1D) ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. This provides more consistency between inter-laboratory comparisons. Integration of two-dimensional (2D) NMR metabolomics databases under a unified web server allowed for very accurate identification of the metabolites that have been catalogued in these databases. For the remaining uncatalogued and unknown metabolites, new cheminformatics approaches have been developed by combining NMR and mass spectrometry (MS). These hybrid MS/NMR approaches accelerated the identification of unknowns in untargeted studies, and now they are allowing for profiling ever larger number of metabolites in application studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Bingol
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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23
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Kikuchi J, Ito K, Date Y. Environmental metabolomics with data science for investigating ecosystem homeostasis. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:56-88. [PMID: 29405981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural ecosystem can be viewed as the interconnections between complex metabolic reactions and environments. Humans, a part of these ecosystems, and their activities strongly affect the environments. To account for human effects within ecosystems, understanding what benefits humans receive by facilitating the maintenance of environmental homeostasis is important. This review describes recent applications of several NMR approaches to the evaluation of environmental homeostasis by metabolic profiling and data science. The basic NMR strategy used to evaluate homeostasis using big data collection is similar to that used in human health studies. Sophisticated metabolomic approaches (metabolic profiling) are widely reported in the literature. Further challenges include the analysis of complex macromolecular structures, and of the compositions and interactions of plant biomass, soil humic substances, and aqueous particulate organic matter. To support the study of these topics, we also discuss sample preparation techniques and solid-state NMR approaches. Because NMR approaches can produce a number of data with high reproducibility and inter-institution compatibility, further analysis of such data using machine learning approaches is often worthwhile. We also describe methods for data pretreatment in solid-state NMR and for environmental feature extraction from heterogeneously-measured spectroscopic data by machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan.
| | - Kengo Ito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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24
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Boiteau RM, Hoyt DW, Nicora CD, Kinmonth-Schultz HA, Ward JK, Bingol K. Structure Elucidation of Unknown Metabolites in Metabolomics by Combined NMR and MS/MS Prediction. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8010008. [PMID: 29342073 PMCID: PMC5875998 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a cheminformatics approach that combines highly selective and orthogonal structure elucidation parameters; accurate mass, MS/MS (MS²), and NMR into a single analysis platform to accurately identify unknown metabolites in untargeted studies. The approach starts with an unknown LC-MS feature, and then combines the experimental MS/MS and NMR information of the unknown to effectively filter out the false positive candidate structures based on their predicted MS/MS and NMR spectra. We demonstrate the approach on a model mixture, and then we identify an uncatalogued secondary metabolite in Arabidopsis thaliana. The NMR/MS² approach is well suited to the discovery of new metabolites in plant extracts, microbes, soils, dissolved organic matter, food extracts, biofuels, and biomedical samples, facilitating the identification of metabolites that are not present in experimental NMR and MS metabolomics databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene M Boiteau
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | | | - Joy K Ward
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Kerem Bingol
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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25
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Gomes NG, Pereira DM, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Hybrid MS/NMR methods on the prioritization of natural products: Applications in drug discovery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:234-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Wang C, He L, Li DW, Bruschweiler-Li L, Marshall AG, Brüschweiler R. Accurate Identification of Unknown and Known Metabolic Mixture Components by Combining 3D NMR with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3774-3786. [PMID: 28795575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite identification in metabolomics samples is a key step that critically impacts downstream analysis. We recently introduced the SUMMIT NMR/mass spectrometry (MS) hybrid approach for the identification of the molecular structure of unknown metabolites based on the combination of NMR, MS, and combinatorial cheminformatics. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for an untargeted analysis of both a model mixture and E. coli cell lysate based on 2D/3D NMR experiments in combination with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS and MS/MS data. For 19 of the 25 model metabolites, SUMMIT yielded complete structures that matched those in the mixture independent of database information. Of those, seven top-ranked structures matched those in the mixture, and four of those were further validated by positive ion MS/MS. For five metabolites, not part of the 19 metabolites, correct molecular structural motifs could be identified. For E. coli, SUMMIT MS/NMR identified 20 previously known metabolites with three or more 1H spins independent of database information. Moreover, for 15 unknown metabolites, molecular structural fragments were determined consistent with their spin systems and chemical shifts. By providing structural information for entire metabolites or molecular fragments, SUMMIT MS/NMR greatly assists the targeted or untargeted analysis of complex mixtures of unknown compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidong He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | | | - Alan G Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Ion Cyclotron Resonance Program, The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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28
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Sharma R, Gogna N, Singh H, Dorai K. Fast profiling of metabolite mixtures using chemometric analysis of a speeded-up 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR experiment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) NMR spectra of mixtures of metabolites suffer from severe overlap of spectral resonances and hence recent research in NMR-based metabolomics focuses on using two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments for metabolite fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Kavita Dorai
- Department of Physical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
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29
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Bingol K, Li DW, Zhang B, Brüschweiler R. Comprehensive Metabolite Identification Strategy Using Multiple Two-Dimensional NMR Spectra of a Complex Mixture Implemented in the COLMARm Web Server. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12411-12418. [PMID: 28193069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Identification of metabolites in complex mixtures represents a key step in metabolomics. A new strategy is introduced, which is implemented in a new public web server, COLMARm, that permits the coanalysis of up to three two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra, namely, 13C-1H HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy), 1H-1H TOCSY (total correlation spectroscopy), and 13C-1H HSQC-TOCSY, for the comprehensive, accurate, and efficient performance of this task. The highly versatile and interactive nature of COLMARm permits its application to a wide range of metabolomics samples independent of the magnetic field. Database query is performed using the HSQC spectrum, and the top metabolite hits are then validated against the TOCSY-type experiment(s) by superimposing the expected cross-peaks on the mixture spectrum. In this way the user can directly accept or reject candidate metabolites by taking advantage of the complementary spectral information offered by these experiments and their different sensitivities. The power of COLMARm is demonstrated for a human serum sample uncovering the existence of 14 metabolites that hitherto were not identified by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Bingol
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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30
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Eghbalnia HR, Romero PR, Westler WM, Baskaran K, Ulrich EL, Markley JL. Increasing rigor in NMR-based metabolomics through validated and open source tools. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:56-61. [PMID: 27643760 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome, the collection of small molecules associated with an organism, is a growing subject of inquiry, with the data utilized for data-intensive systems biology, disease diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and the broader characterization of small molecules in mixtures. Owing to their close proximity to the functional endpoints that govern an organism's phenotype, metabolites are highly informative about functional states. The field of metabolomics identifies and quantifies endogenous and exogenous metabolites in biological samples. Information acquired from nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and the published literature, as processed by statistical approaches, are driving increasingly wider applications of metabolomics. This review focuses on the role of databases and software tools in advancing the rigor, robustness, reproducibility, and validation of metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Eghbalnia
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Pedro R Romero
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - William M Westler
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kumaran Baskaran
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eldon L Ulrich
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John L Markley
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Markley JL, Brüschweiler R, Edison AS, Eghbalnia HR, Powers R, Raftery D, Wishart DS. The future of NMR-based metabolomics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:34-40. [PMID: 27580257 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The two leading analytical approaches to metabolomics are mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Although currently overshadowed by MS in terms of numbers of compounds resolved, NMR spectroscopy offers advantages both on its own and coupled with MS. NMR data are highly reproducible and quantitative over a wide dynamic range and are unmatched for determining structures of unknowns. NMR is adept at tracing metabolic pathways and fluxes using isotope labels. Moreover, NMR is non-destructive and can be utilized in vivo. NMR results have a proven track record of translating in vitro findings to in vivo clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Markley
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioinformatics and Complex Carbohydrate Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hamid R Eghbalnia
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 722 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, 850 Republican St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E8; Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E8
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Bingol K, Brüschweiler R. Knowns and unknowns in metabolomics identified by multidimensional NMR and hybrid MS/NMR methods. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 43:17-24. [PMID: 27552705 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics continues to make rapid progress through the development of new and better methods and their applications to gain insight into the metabolism of a wide range of different biological systems from a systems biology perspective. Customization of NMR databases and search tools allows the faster and more accurate identification of known metabolites, whereas the identification of unknowns, without a need for extensive purification, requires new strategies to integrate NMR with mass spectrometry, cheminformatics, and computational methods. For some applications, the use of covalent and non-covalent attachments in the form of labeled tags or nanoparticles can significantly reduce the complexity of these tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Bingol
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Abstract
This review discusses strategies for the identification of metabolites in complex biological mixtures, as encountered in metabolomics, which have emerged in the recent past. These include NMR database-assisted approaches for the identification of commonly known metabolites as well as novel combinations of NMR and MS analysis methods for the identification of unknown metabolites. The use of certain chemical additives to the NMR tube can permit identification of metabolites with specific physical chemical properties.
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Kellogg JJ, Todd DA, Egan JM, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Kvalheim OM, Cech NB. Biochemometrics for Natural Products Research: Comparison of Data Analysis Approaches and Application to Identification of Bioactive Compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:376-86. [PMID: 26841051 PMCID: PMC5135737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge of natural products research is assigning bioactive compounds from complex mixtures. The gold standard approach to address this challenge, bioassay-guided fractionation, is often biased toward abundant, rather than bioactive, mixture components. This study evaluated the combination of bioassay-guided fractionation with untargeted metabolite profiling to improve active component identification early in the fractionation process. Key to this methodology was statistical modeling of the integrated biological and chemical data sets (biochemometric analysis). Three data analysis approaches for biochemometric analysis were compared, namely, partial least-squares loading vectors, S-plots, and the selectivity ratio. Extracts from the endophytic fungi Alternaria sp. and Pyrenochaeta sp. with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus served as test cases. Biochemometric analysis incorporating the selectivity ratio performed best in identifying bioactive ions from these extracts early in the fractionation process, yielding altersetin (3, MIC 0.23 μg/mL) and macrosphelide A (4, MIC 75 μg/mL) as antibacterial constituents from Alternaria sp. and Pyrenochaeta sp., respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of biochemometrics coupled with bioassay-guided fractionation to identify bioactive mixture components. A benefit of this approach is the ability to integrate multiple stages of fractionation and bioassay data into a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
| | - Daniel A. Todd
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
| | - Joseph M. Egan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
| | | | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro NC United States
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 336-334-3017. Fax: 336-334-5402.
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Fan TWM, Lane AN. Applications of NMR spectroscopy to systems biochemistry. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 92-93:18-53. [PMID: 26952191 PMCID: PMC4850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The past decades of advancements in NMR have made it a very powerful tool for metabolic research. Despite its limitations in sensitivity relative to mass spectrometric techniques, NMR has a number of unparalleled advantages for metabolic studies, most notably the rigor and versatility in structure elucidation, isotope-filtered selection of molecules, and analysis of positional isotopomer distributions in complex mixtures afforded by multinuclear and multidimensional experiments. In addition, NMR has the capacity for spatially selective in vivo imaging and dynamical analysis of metabolism in tissues of living organisms. In conjunction with the use of stable isotope tracers, NMR is a method of choice for exploring the dynamics and compartmentation of metabolic pathways and networks, for which our current understanding is grossly insufficient. In this review, we describe how various direct and isotope-edited 1D and 2D NMR methods can be employed to profile metabolites and their isotopomer distributions by stable isotope-resolved metabolomic (SIRM) analysis. We also highlight the importance of sample preparation methods including rapid cryoquenching, efficient extraction, and chemoselective derivatization to facilitate robust and reproducible NMR-based metabolomic analysis. We further illustrate how NMR has been applied in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo in various stable isotope tracer-based metabolic studies, to gain systematic and novel metabolic insights in different biological systems, including human subjects. The pathway and network knowledge generated from NMR- and MS-based tracing of isotopically enriched substrates will be invaluable for directing functional analysis of other 'omics data to achieve understanding of regulation of biochemical systems, as demonstrated in a case study. Future developments in NMR technologies and reagents to enhance both detection sensitivity and resolution should further empower NMR in systems biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa W-M Fan
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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Misra BB, van der Hooft JJJ. Updates in metabolomics tools and resources: 2014-2015. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:86-110. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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Bingol K, Brüschweiler R. Two elephants in the room: new hybrid nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry approaches for metabolomics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2015; 18:471-7. [PMID: 26154280 PMCID: PMC4533976 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes some of the advances made over the past year in NMR-based metabolomics for the elucidation of known and unknown compounds, including new ways of how to combine this information with high-resolution mass spectrometry. RECENT FINDINGS A new method allows the back-calculation of mass spectra from NMR spectra that have been queried against databases improving the accuracy of the identified compounds by validation and consistency analysis. For the de-novo characterization of unknown compounds, an algorithm has been introduced that predicts all viable NMR spectra from accurate masses allowing, by comparison with experimental NMR data, the determination of the structures of new metabolites in complex mixtures. SUMMARY Recent advances in NMR and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and their synergistic use promises to significantly improve metabolomics sample characterization both in terms of identification and quantitation, and accelerate metabolite discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Clendinen CS, Stupp GS, Ajredini R, Lee-McMullen B, Beecher C, Edison AS. An overview of methods using (13)C for improved compound identification in metabolomics and natural products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:611. [PMID: 26379677 PMCID: PMC4548202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Compound identification is a major bottleneck in metabolomics studies. In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations, resonance overlap often hinders unambiguous database matching or de novo compound identification. In liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), discriminating between biological signals and background artifacts and reliable determination of molecular formulae are not always straightforward. We have designed and implemented several NMR and LC-MS approaches that utilize (13)C, either enriched or at natural abundance, in metabolomics applications. For LC-MS applications, we describe a technique called isotopic ratio outlier analysis (IROA), which utilizes samples that are isotopically labeled with 5% (test) and 95% (control) (13)C. This labeling strategy leads to characteristic isotopic patterns that allow the differentiation of biological signals from artifacts and yield the exact number of carbons, significantly reducing possible molecular formulae. The relative abundance between the test and control samples for every IROA feature can be determined simply by integrating the peaks that arise from the 5 and 95% channels. For NMR applications, we describe two (13)C-based approaches. For samples at natural abundance, we have developed a workflow to obtain (13)C-(13)C and (13)C-(1)H statistical correlations using 1D (13)C and (1)H NMR spectra. For samples that can be isotopically labeled, we describe another NMR approach to obtain direct (13)C-(13)C spectroscopic correlations. These methods both provide extensive information about the carbon framework of compounds in the mixture for either database matching or de novo compound identification. We also discuss strategies in which (13)C NMR can be used to identify unknown compounds from IROA experiments. By combining technologies with the same samples, we can identify important biomarkers and corresponding metabolites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaevien S. Clendinen
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ramadan Ajredini
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brittany Lee-McMullen
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris Beecher
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- IROA Technologies, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Arthur S. Edison, Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Rm R3-226, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610-0245, USA,
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