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Del Villar I, Gonzalez-Valencia E, Kwietniewski N, Burnat D, Armas D, Pituła E, Janik M, Matías IR, Giannetti A, Torres P, Chiavaioli F, Śmietana M. Nano-Photonic Crystal D-Shaped Fiber Devices for Label-Free Biosensing at the Attomolar Limit of Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2310118. [PMID: 39044375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining both high sensitivity and large figure of merit (FoM) is crucial in regard to the performance of optical devices, particularly when they are intended for use as biosensors with extremely low limit of detection (LoD). Here, a stack of nano-assembled layers in the form of 1D photonic crystal, deposited on D-shaped single-mode fibers, is created to meet these criteria, resulting in the generation of Bloch surface wave resonances. The increase in the contrast between high and low refractive index (RI) nano-layers, along with the reduction of losses, enables not only to achieve high sensitivity, but also a narrowed resonance bandwidth, leading to a significant enhancement in the FoM. Preliminary testing for bulk RI sensitivity is carried out, and the effect of an additional nano-layer that mimics a biological layer where binding interactions occur is also considered. Finally, the biosensing capability is assessed by detecting immunoglobulin G in serum at very low concentrations, and a record LoD of 70 aM is achieved. An optical fiber biosensor that is capable of attaining extraordinarily low LoD in the attomolar range is not only a remarkable technical outcome, but can also be envisaged as a powerful tool for early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Del Villar
- Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Esteban Gonzalez-Valencia
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín, 050013, Colombia
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, A.A. 3840, Medellín, 050034, Colombia
| | - Norbert Kwietniewski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warszawa, 00-662, Poland
| | - Dariusz Burnat
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warszawa, 00-662, Poland
| | - Dayron Armas
- Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Emil Pituła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warszawa, 00-662, Poland
| | - Monika Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warszawa, 00-662, Poland
| | - Ignacio R Matías
- Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Pedro Torres
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín, A.A. 3840, Medellín, 050034, Colombia
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Mateusz Śmietana
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warszawa, 00-662, Poland
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Warszawa, 02-668, Poland
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2
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Zou H, Wu W, Zhou J, Deng C. SILAR Growth of ZnO NSs/CdS QDs on the Optical Fiber-Based Opto-Electrode with Guided In Situ Light and Its Application for the "Signal-On" Detection of Inflammatory Cytokine. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5446-5454. [PMID: 38556805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel integrated photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor platform was proposed, utilizing an optical fiber (OF) as the working electrode for guided in situ light. A CdS quantum dots (QDs)/ZnO nanosheets (NSs) n-n heterojunction was quickly and easily constructed on the OF surface by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). Au nanoparticles (NPs)@dsDNA as a capturing probe were modified on the CdS QDs/ZnO NSs@OF (CZ@OF). Due to the energy transfer between Au NPs@dsDNA and CdS QDs, the resultant opto-electrode has a lower background near zero, enabling the "signal-on" detection of biomarkers (interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a model). The OF-PEC biosensor demonstrated a wide linear range from 1 to 100 pg mL-1 with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9958 and an impressive detection limit (LOD) of 0.19 pg mL-1. More significantly, the proposed OF-PEC can be successfully used for the detection of IL-6 in serum samples from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, and it showed consistency and is more sensitive to trace concentrations compared to BD FACSCanto II flow cytometry used at the hospital. This holds significance for an early disease diagnosis. Therefore, the proposed OF-PEC not only achieves integration of the light source and sensing interface but also enables sensitive and accurate "signal-on" detection of IL-6. Furthermore, due to the flexibility and remote detection capabilities of OF, the application of OF-PEC is expected to be expanded more widely. This approach opens up possibilities for advances in PEC sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wuming Wu
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Fetal Heart Disease & Echocardiography Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Li Z, Wang F, Wang Y, Jin X, Duan Y, Zhu H. Decoupling bulk and surface characteristics with a bare tilted fiber Bragg grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20150-20159. [PMID: 37381415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) with dense comb-like resonances offers a promising fiber-optic sensing platform but could suffer from cross sensitivity dependent on bulk and surface environment. In this work, the decoupling of bulk and surface characteristics (indicated by bulk refractive index (RI) and surface-localized binding film) from each other is attained theoretically with a bare TFBG sensor. This is realized with the proposed decoupling approach based on differential spectral responses of cut-off mode resonance and mode dispersion represented as wavelength interval between P- and S-polarized resonances of the TFBG to the bulk RI and surface film thickness. The results demonstrate that with this method the sensing performance for decoupling bulk RI and surface film thickness is comparative to the cases in which either the bulk or surface environment of the TFBG sensor changes, with the bulk and surface sensitivities over 540 nm/RIU and 12 pm/nm, respectively.
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Zhang Z, Lian Z, Su M, Song Y. Label-free optical detection and quantification of pathogens for point-of-care applications. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:791-794. [PMID: 37012088 PMCID: PMC10041779 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zewei Lian
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chen S, Zhang C, Wang J, Li N, Song Y, Wu H, Liu Y. A Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Based on Cladding Mode Resonance for Label-Free Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010097. [PMID: 36671932 PMCID: PMC9855977 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fiber-optic biosensing platform based on ultra-narrowband cladding mode resonances was developed on a high-reflectivity fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for targeting biomolecular detection. The multiple cladding modes with a high sensitivity to the refractive index (RI) were excited in the FBG by coupling between the forward-propagating guided core mode of the multimode fiber and the backward-propagating guided cladding mode of the FBG without any damage to the fiber structure or any change to the standard FBG manufacturing process. The full width at half maximum and the Q-factor of the typical cladding mode resonance operation of the proposed sensor are 80 pm and 19,270, respectively, which are better than those of most fiber-optic biosensors reported to date. In addition, the FBG sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity in protein detection and a high selectivity in serum sample assays. The sensitivity of this sensor was further increased simply by coating it with graphene oxide (GO) sheets on the sensing surface without using a signal amplification strategy. Furthermore, an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 32 pM was obtained by the GO-coated FBG sensor for IgG detection. The proposed FBG sensor provides a competitive fiber-optic platform for biomolecular detection. It has a great potential for applications in label-free biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Chen
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Haojun Wu
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Mendes JP, Coelho LCC, Jorge PAS, Pereira CM. Differential Refractometric Biosensor for Reliable Human IgG Detection: Proof of Concept. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:515. [PMID: 35884318 PMCID: PMC9312733 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new sensing platform based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) for direct, fast, and selective detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG; Mw = 150 KDa) was developed and characterized. The transducer's high selectivity is based on the specific interaction of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs) design for IgG detection. The sensing scheme is based on differential refractometric measurements, including a correction system based on a non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-coated LPFG, allowing reliable and more sensitive measurements, improving the rejection of false positives in around 30%. The molecular imprinted binding sites were performed on the surface of a LPFG with a sensitivity of about 130 nm/RIU and a FOM of 16 RIU-1. The low-cost and easy to build device was tested in a working range from 1 to 100 nmol/L, revealing a limit of detection (LOD) and a sensitivity of 0.25 nmol/L (0.037 µg/mL) and 0.057 nm.L/nmol, respectively. The sensor also successfully differentiates the target analyte from the other abundant elements that are present in the human blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. Mendes
- Centro de Investigação em Química UP (CIQUP)—Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (IMS), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.M.); (C.M.P.)
- INESC TEC—Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ciência, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís C. C. Coelho
- INESC TEC—Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ciência, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. S. Jorge
- INESC TEC—Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Tecnologia e Ciência, Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química UP (CIQUP)—Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (IMS), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.P.M.); (C.M.P.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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7
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Dey TK, Tombelli S, Roy A, Biswas P, Giannetti A, Basumallick N, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S, Trono C. Sensitivity Analysis of Sidelobes of the Lowest Order Cladding Mode of Long Period Fiber Gratings at Turn Around Point. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2965. [PMID: 35458949 PMCID: PMC9028772 DOI: 10.3390/s22082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology to enhance the sensitivity of a long period fiber grating sensor (LPFG) at the Turn Around Point (TAP) is here presented. The LPFG sensor has been fabricated by etching the fiber up to 20.4 µm, until the sidelobes of dispersed LP0,2 cladding mode appeared near TAP in aqueous medium. The dual peak sensitivity of the sidelobes was found to be 16,044 nm/SRIU (surrounding refractive index units) in the RI range from 1.333 to 1.3335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Kumar Dey
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Arpan Roy
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Palas Biswas
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Nandini Basumallick
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Somnath Bandyopadhyay
- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, CSIR-CGCRI, 196 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India; (T.K.D.); (A.R.); (P.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.T.); (A.G.); (F.B.)
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Zhu C, Gerald RE, Huang J. Micromachined Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:367-414. [PMID: 34837190 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical fibers revolutionized the rate of information reception and transmission in telecommunications. The revolution has now extended to the field of physicochemical sensing. Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have found a multitude of applications, spanning from structural health monitoring to biomedical and clinical measurements due to their unique physical and functional advantages, such as small dimensions, light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity and resolution, multiplexing, and remote operation. OFSs generally rely on the detection of measurand-induced changes in the optical properties of the light propagating in the fiber, where the OFS essentially functions as the conduit and physical link between the probing light waves and the physicochemical parameters under investigation. Several advanced micromachining techniques have been developed to optimize the structure of OFSs, thus improving their sensing performance. These techniques include fusion splicing, tapering, polishing, and more complicated femtosecond laser micromachining methods. This chapter discusses and reviews the most recent developments in micromachined OFSs specifically for biomedical applications. Step-by-step procedures for several optical fiber micromachining techniques are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Rex E Gerald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
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9
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Gan W, Xu Z, Li Y, Bi W, Chu L, Qi Q, Yang Y, Zhang P, Gan N, Dai S, Xu T. Rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus by using a long-period fiber grating immunosensor coated with egg yolk antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113860. [PMID: 34890885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable detection of bacteria plays an important role in clinical and veterinary practice. A stable, label free, compact, and sensitive long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor based on egg yolk antibody (IgY) was proposed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). LPFG was fabricated with laser writing technology, and specific IgY was further immobilized on the grating region and then combined with the corresponding bacteria. S. aureus was detected by tracking the change of resonance wavelength in the LPFG transmission spectrum caused by bacteria-antibody interaction induced by the increase of biological cover thickness and density after the immune reaction. The testing results showed that the proposed sensor was selective and sensitive to S. aureus measurement, and the detection limit is approximately 33 CFU/ml. The proposed antibody immobilization method is very simple, and the optical fiber can be manufactured in batch to reduce the cost. The detection time of the sensor is around 20 min, which is fast and suitable for detection. The assay was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of S. aureus in natural waters and met the needs of on-site screening trace pathogenic bacteria in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Gan
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhenli Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenchao Bi
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Luoyao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qianyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Ning Gan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Shixun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tiefeng Xu
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315832, China
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Singh L, Agrawal N, Saha C, Kaushik BK. A Plus Shaped Cavity in Optical Fiber Based Refractive Index Sensor. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:199-205. [PMID: 34673494 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The optical fiber grating sensors have strong potential for the detection of biological samples. However, a careful effort is still in demand to enhance the performance of existing grating sensors especially in biological sensing. Therefore, in this work, we have introduced a novel plus shaped cavity (PSC) in optical fiber model and used it for the detection of haemoglobin (Hb) refractive index (RI). The numerical analysis of designed model is done by the testing of single and double vertical slots cavity in optical fiber core structure. The testing of designed sensor model is done at the wavelength of 800 nm at which the RI of oxygenated and deoxygenated Hb is 1.392 and 1.389, respectively. The analysis of reported PSC sensor model is done in the wide range of Hb RI from 1.333 to 1.392. The tested range of RI corresponds to the Hb concentration from 0 to 140 gl-1. The obtained results states that for the tested range of RI, the autocorrelation coefficientt of R2 = 99.51 % is achieved. The analysis of projected work is done by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The introduction of PSC can increase in sensitivity. In proposed PSC, the length and width of created slots are 1.8 μm and 1 μm, respectively, which is quite enough to observe the response of analytes RI. This can minimize the creation of multiple gratings required for observing the analyte response.
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11
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Zhu C, Gerald RE, Huang J. Metal-organic Framework Materials Coupled to Optical Fibers for Chemical Sensing: A Review. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 2021; 21:19647-19661. [PMID: 35669383 PMCID: PMC9165587 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2021.3094092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a newer class of crystalline nanoporous materials, have been in the limelight owing to their exceptional tunability for structures and physicochemical properties, and have found successful applications in gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. The mesmerizing properties of MOFs, especially the extensive and tunable porosity and chemical selectivity, also make them an excellent candidate class as chemo-sensory materials. Moreover, MOF-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the past decade. Recent literature reviews focused on the progress of MOF-based electronic sensors and luminescent MOF sensors, while sensors exploiting the dielectric properties (refractive index) of MOFs were also demonstrated and discussed very recently. The motivation of this report is to provide, for the first time, a general review on such MOF sensors with a particular focus on miniature optical fiber (OF) based MOF sensors and to demonstrate the promising potential of MOFs as dielectric coatings on OF for highly sensitive chemical sensing. The fundamental principle of OF-MOF sensors relies on the tunability of the refractive index of a MOF, which is dependent on the amount and type of adsorbed guest molecules in the MOF pores. MOF sensors based on different optical sensing principles are reviewed; challenges and perspectives on further research into the field of OF-MOF sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Rex E Gerald
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Singh A, Sharma A, Ahmed A, Sundramoorthy AK, Furukawa H, Arya S, Khosla A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors: Applications, Challenges, and Future Scope. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 34562926 PMCID: PMC8472208 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element (biochemical receptor) into current or voltage. Electrochemical biosensors depict propitious diagnostic technology which can detect biomarkers in body fluids such as sweat, blood, feces, or urine. Combinations of suitable immobilization techniques with effective transducers give rise to an efficient biosensor. They have been employed in the food industry, medical sciences, defense, studying plant biology, etc. While sensing complex structures and entities, a large data is obtained, and it becomes difficult to manually interpret all the data. Machine learning helps in interpreting large sensing data. In the case of biosensors, the presence of impurity affects the performance of the sensor and machine learning helps in removing signals obtained from the contaminants to obtain a high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss different types of biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning. This is followed by a discussion on the challenges, missing gaps in the knowledge, and solutions in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, this review provides insight into the type of electrochemical biosensors, their applications, the importance of machine learning (ML) in biosensing, and challenges and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India;
| | - Hidemitsu Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India; (A.S.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ajit Khosla
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
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13
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Okazaki T, Orii T, Tan SY, Watanabe T, Taguchi A, Rahman FA, Kuramitz H. Potential-Scanning Sensing for Refractive Index Using an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating (LPFG). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1951749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okazaki
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orii
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Yinn Tan
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Tomoaki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Taguchi
- Hydrogen Isotope Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Faidz A. Rahman
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
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14
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Esposito F, Sansone L, Srivastava A, Baldini F, Campopiano S, Chiavaioli F, Giordano M, Giannetti A, Iadicicco A. Long period grating in double cladding fiber coated with graphene oxide as high-performance optical platform for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 172:112747. [PMID: 33129073 PMCID: PMC7581380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the development and testing of a novel fiber-optic based label-free biosensor is presented, whose performance were verified through the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum. The device is based on a long period grating fabricated in a double cladding fiber with a W-shaped refractive index (RI) profile. As a result, the working point of the device was tuned to the mode transition region by chemical etching of the outer fiber cladding, obtaining a significant enhancement of the RI sensitivity and an excellent visibility of the grating resonances due to the mode transition in an all-silica structure. The fiber transducer was coated with a nanometric thin layer of graphene oxide in order to provide functional groups for the covalent immobilization of the biological recognition element. A very low limit of detection of about 0.15 ng/mL was obtained during the detection of CRP in serum, and a large working range (1 ng/mL - 100 μg/mL) of clinical relevance has been also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Esposito
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Sansone
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefania Campopiano
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Michele Giordano
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055, Portici, Italy.
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Agostino Iadicicco
- Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Napoli, Italy
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15
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Luo B, Liu Z, Wang X, Shi S, Zhong N, Ma P, Wu S, Wu D, Zhao M, Liang W. Dual-peak long period fiber grating coated with graphene oxide for label-free and specific assays of H5N1 virus. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000279. [PMID: 32902141 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza is an acute infectious disease caused by the avian influenza virus (AIV), which has caused enormous economic losses and posed considerable threats to public health. This study aimed to demonstrate an immunosensor based on dispersion turning point long-period fiber grating (DTP-LPFG) integrated with graphene oxide (GO) for the specific detection of a type of AIV H5N1 virus. LPFG was designed to work at DTP, whose dual-peak spacing was very high sensitive to a refractive index. Anti-H5N1 monoclonal antibodies were covalently bonded with the GO film on the fiber surface, thus constructing an immunosensor for the label-free and specific detection of the H5N1 virus. The proposed method was capable of the reliable detection of H5N1 virus with the limit of detection as low as ~1.05 ng/ml within the large range of 1 ng/mL to 25 µg/mL. More importantly, immunoassays of the whole H5N1 virus in clinical samples further confirmed that the GO-integrated DTP-LPFG immunosensor showed very high specificity to the H5N1 virus and demonstrated great potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijiang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenghui Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianbing Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Peijie Ma
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Decao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensor and Photoelectric Detection, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wangwang Liang
- Animal Disease Surveillance and Diagnosis Department, Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing, China
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16
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Xiao P, Sun Z, Huang Y, Lin W, Ge Y, Xiao R, Li K, Li Z, Lu H, Yang M, Liang L, Sun LP, Ran Y, Li J, Guan BO. Development of an optical microfiber immunosensor for prostate specific antigen analysis using a high-order-diffraction long period grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15783-15793. [PMID: 32549415 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-optic biosensors are of great interest to many bio/chemical sensing applications. In this study, we demonstrate a high-order-diffraction long period grating (HOD-LPG) for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). A HOD-LPG with a period number of less than ten and an elongated grating pitch could realize a temperature-insensitive and bending-independent biosensor. The bio-functionalized HOD-LPG was capable of detecting PSA in phosphate buffered saline with concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ng/ml and exhibited excellent specificity. A limit of detection of 9.9 ng/ml was achieved, which is promising for analysis of the prostate specific antigen.
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17
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Berneschi S, Bettazzi F, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Nunzi Conti G, Pelli S, Palchetti I. Optical whispering gallery mode resonators for label-free detection of water contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Janczuk-Richter M, Gromadzka B, Richter Ł, Panasiuk M, Zimmer K, Mikulic P, Bock WJ, Maćkowski S, Śmietana M, Niedziółka Jönsson J. Immunosensor Based on Long-Period Fiber Gratings for Detection of Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030813. [PMID: 32028629 PMCID: PMC7038722 DOI: 10.3390/s20030813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the norovirus is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis all over the world, its fast detection is crucial in medical diagnostics. In this work, a rapid, sensitive, and selective optical fiber biosensor for the detection of norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs) is reported. The sensor is based on highly sensitive long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) coated with antibodies against the main coat protein of the norovirus. Several modification methods were verified to obtain reliable immobilization of protein receptors on the LPFG surface. We were able to detect 1 ng/mL norovirus VLPs in a 40-min assay in a label-free manner. Thanks to the application of an optical fiber as the sensor, there is a possibility to increase the user’s safety by separating the measurement point from the signal processing setup. Moreover, our sensor is small and light, and the proposed assay is straightforward. The designed LPFG-based biosensor could be applied in both fast norovirus detection and in vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Janczuk-Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-R.)
| | - Beata Gromadzka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (B.G.); (M.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-R.)
| | - Mirosława Panasiuk
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (B.G.); (M.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Karolina Zimmer
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland; (B.G.); (M.P.); (K.Z.)
| | - Predrag Mikulic
- Centre de recherche en photonique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 101 rue Saint-Jean-Bosco, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada; (P.M.); (W.J.B.)
| | - Wojtek J. Bock
- Centre de recherche en photonique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 101 rue Saint-Jean-Bosco, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada; (P.M.); (W.J.B.)
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Baltic Institute of Technology, Al. Zwycięstwa 96/98, 81-451 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Śmietana
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, 00-662 Koszykowa 75, Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Niedziółka Jönsson
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-343-3130
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19
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Bandyopadhyay S, Shao L, Wang C, Liu S, Wu Q, Gu G, Hu J, Liu Y, Chen X, Song Z, Song X, Bao Q, Smietana M. Study on optimization of nano-coatings for ultra-sensitive biosensors based on long-period fiber grating. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2019.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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20
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Wang M, Li H, Xu T, Li G, Yu M, Jiang B, Xu J, Wu J. Probing a chiral drug using long period fiber gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:31407-31417. [PMID: 31684375 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.031407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electromagnetic field theory for a step-index fiber geometry is developed to sense a surrounding chiral drug via long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). This theory employs Debye potentials and electromagnetic fields for cladding modes in the LPFGs by introducing constitutive relations for a chiral drug. The fields in the chiral drug are transformed and decomposed into right- and left-hand circularly polarized components to account for the magnetoelectric coupling due to the chirality. The solving process for complex propagation constants is given. Numerical results show that responses of the LPFGs to refractive index and chirality changes are different. The two minimum transmissions of a coated LPFG are very sensitive to the variation of the complex chirality. On the other hand, the two resonance wavelengths keep invariant as real and imaginary parts of the comparatively small chirality change. This work enriches the electromagnetic field theory for better design of LPFGs against the highly sensitive chirality detection.
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21
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Optical Fiber Gratings Immunoassays. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112595. [PMID: 31181610 PMCID: PMC6603621 DOI: 10.3390/s19112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers are of growing interest for biosensing, especially for point-of-care and biomedical assays. Their intrinsic properties bestow them sought-after assets for the detection of low concentrations of analytes. Tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) photo-inscribed in the core of telecommunication-grade optical fibers are known to be highly-sensitive refractometers. In this work, we present different strategies to use them for label-free immunoassays. Bare, gold-sputtered, gold-electroless-plated (ELP) and hybrid configurations are biofunctionalized with antibodies, aiming at the detection of cancer biomarkers. We discuss the relative performances of the tested configurations and show that each leads to singular key features, which therefore drives their selection as a function of the target application. The most sensitive configuration presents a limit of detection of 10−12 g/mL in laboratory settings and was successfully used ex vivo in freshly resected lung tissues.
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22
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Femtosecond-Pulsed Laser Written and Etched Fiber Bragg Gratings for Fiber-Optical Biosensing. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092844. [PMID: 30154380 PMCID: PMC6165360 DOI: 10.3390/s18092844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of a label-free, highly sensitive fiber-optical biosensor for online detection and quantification of biomolecules. Here, the advantages of etched fiber Bragg gratings (eFBG) were used, since they induce a narrowband Bragg wavelength peak in the reflection operation mode. The gratings were fabricated point-by-point via a nonlinear absorption process of a highly focused femtosecond-pulsed laser, without the need of prior coating removal or specific fiber doping. The sensitivity of the Bragg wavelength peak to the surrounding refractive index (SRI), as needed for biochemical sensing, was realized by fiber cladding removal using hydrofluoric acid etching. For evaluation of biosensing capabilities, eFBG fibers were biofunctionalized with a single-stranded DNA aptamer specific for binding the C-reactive protein (CRP). Thus, the CRP-sensitive eFBG fiber-optical biosensor showed a very low limit of detection of 0.82 pg/L, with a dynamic range of CRP detection from approximately 0.8 pg/L to 1.2 µg/L. The biosensor showed a high specificity to CRP even in the presence of interfering substances. These results suggest that the proposed biosensor is capable for quantification of CRP from trace amounts of clinical samples. In addition, the adaption of this eFBG fiber-optical biosensor for detection of other relevant analytes can be easily realized.
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23
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Chiavaioli F, Zubiate P, Del Villar I, Zamarreño CR, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Trono C, Arregui FJ, Matias IR, Baldini F. Femtomolar Detection by Nanocoated Fiber Label-Free Biosensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:936-943. [PMID: 29726679 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of optical fiber-based biosensors combined with that of nanotechnologies has provided an opportunity for developing in situ, portable, lightweight, versatile, and high-performance optical sensing platforms. We report on the generation of lossy mode resonances by the deposition of nanometer-thick metal oxide films on optical fibers, which makes it possible to measure precisely and accurately the changes in optical properties of the fiber-surrounding medium with very high sensitivity compared to other technology platforms, such as long period gratings or surface plasmon resonances, the gold standard in label-free and real-time biomolecular interaction analysis. This property, combined with the application of specialty structures such as D-shaped fibers, permits enhancing the light-matter interaction. SEM and TEM imaging together with X-EDS tool have been utilized to characterize the two films used, i.e., indium tin oxide and tin dioxide. Moreover, the experimental transmission spectra obtained after the deposition of the nanocoatings have been numerically corroborated by means of wave propagation methods. With the use of a conventional wavelength interrogation system and ad hoc developed microfluidics, the shift of the lossy mode resonance can be reliably recorded in response to very low analyte concentrations. Repeated experiments confirm a big leap in performance thanks to the capability to detect femtomolar concentrations in human serum, improving the detection limit by 3 orders of magnitude when compared with other fiber-based configurations. The biosensor has been regenerated several times by injecting sodium dodecyl sulfate, which proves the capability of sensor to be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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24
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Tyagi D, Mishra SK, Zou B, Lin C, Hao T, Zhang G, Lu A, Chiang KS, Yang Z. Nano-functionalized long-period fiber grating probe for disease-specific protein detection. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:386-392. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Label-free nano-functionalized LPFG based real-time, reusable sensor for sensitive detection of disease-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Tyagi
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | | | - Bing Zou
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Congcong Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Ting Hao
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Kin Seng Chiang
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- Hong Kong
- Changshu Research Institute
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25
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Bandyopadhyay S, Biswas P, Chiavaioli F, Dey TK, Basumallick N, Trono C, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Baldini F, Bandyopadhyay S. Long-period fiber grating: a specific design for biosensing applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:9846-9853. [PMID: 29240135 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.009846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a detailed investigation on the modeling of long-period fiber grating (LPFG) sensors is discussed with the aim of providing a more realistic solution for their use in biosensing. Add-layer sensitivity, i.e., sensitivity of the sensor to an additional layer adhered onto the fiber surface, is quantified and a clear and complete analysis about the influence of the average thickness of the deposited biological sensing layers, as well as the change in refractive index of these layers, on the resonant wavelength of the cladding modes of an LPFG is provided. Add-layer sensitivity of LPFG sensors close to mode transition (MT) and also at turn-around point (TAP) are taken into account. Adsorbed layer thicknesses, as estimated from measured wavelength shifts of the LPFG, are found to have a good match with the values obtained through other measurement techniques.
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26
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Elosua C, Arregui FJ, Villar ID, Ruiz-Zamarreño C, Corres JM, Bariain C, Goicoechea J, Hernaez M, Rivero PJ, Socorro AB, Urrutia A, Sanchez P, Zubiate P, Lopez-Torres D, Acha ND, Ascorbe J, Ozcariz A, Matias IR. Micro and Nanostructured Materials for the Development of Optical Fibre Sensors. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102312. [PMID: 29019945 PMCID: PMC5676771 DOI: 10.3390/s17102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Elosua
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Arregui
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Del Villar
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Zamarreño
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Corres
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Candido Bariain
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Goicoechea
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Hernaez
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro J Rivero
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Abian B Socorro
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aitor Urrutia
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Sanchez
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Zubiate
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Diego Lopez-Torres
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Nerea De Acha
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Joaquin Ascorbe
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Aritz Ozcariz
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ignacio R Matias
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarre, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
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Manufacturing and Spectral Features of Different Types of Long Period Fiber Gratings: Phase-Shifted, Turn-Around Point, Internally Tilted, and Pseudo-Random. FIBERS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fib5030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The manufacturing and spectral features of different types of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs), ranging from phase-shifted, turn-around point, and internally tilted gratings, to pseudo-random gratings, are described and discussed in detail. LPFGs were manufactured on boron-germanium co-doped photosensitive optical fibers with the point-by-point technique using an excimer KrF laser operating at 248 nm. The developed experimental setup to manufacture high-quality LPFGs was designed to totally customize any type of gratings with the possibility of setting different parameters, such as the grating period (or pitch), the number of grating planes, the number of laser shots for each plane, etc. Some important spectral features of the LPFGs’ spectra were taken into account. This allows realizing homemade devices useful in several fiber-based applications, such as optical filtering, coupling systems, random lasers, physical and chemical sensing, and biosensing.
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28
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Towards a Uniform Metrological Assessment of Grating-Based Optical Fiber Sensors: From Refractometers to Biosensors. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017. [PMID: 28635665 PMCID: PMC5487959 DOI: 10.3390/bios7020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A metrological assessment of grating-based optical fiber sensors is proposed with the aim of providing an objective evaluation of the performance of this sensor category. Attention was focused on the most common parameters, used to describe the performance of both optical refractometers and biosensors, which encompassed sensitivity, with a distinction between volume or bulk sensitivity and surface sensitivity, resolution, response time, limit of detection, specificity (or selectivity), reusability (or regenerability) and some other parameters of generic interest, such as measurement uncertainty, accuracy, precision, stability, drift, repeatability and reproducibility. Clearly, the concepts discussed here can also be applied to any resonance-based sensor, thus providing the basis for an easier and direct performance comparison of a great number of sensors published in the literature up to now. In addition, common mistakes present in the literature made for the evaluation of sensor performance are highlighted, and lastly a uniform performance assessment is discussed and provided. Finally, some design strategies will be proposed to develop a grating-based optical fiber sensing scheme with improved performance.
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29
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Compagnone D, Francia GD, Natale CD, Neri G, Seeber R, Tajani A. Chemical Sensors and Biosensors in Italy: A Review of the 2015 Literature. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040868. [PMID: 28420110 PMCID: PMC5424745 DOI: 10.3390/s17040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of Italian researchers to sensor research in 2015 is reviewed. The analysis of the activities in one year allows one to obtain a snapshot of the Italian scenario capturing the main directions of the research activities. Furthermore, the distance of more than one year makes meaningful the bibliometric analysis of the reviewed papers. The review shows a research community distributed among different scientific disciplines, from chemistry, physics, engineering, and material science, with a strong interest in collaborative works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Girolamo Di Francia
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, P.le E. Fermi 1, Napoli 80055, Italy.
| | - Corrado Di Natale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Renato Seeber
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Antonella Tajani
- Department of Physical Science and Technologies of Matter, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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30
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Biswas P, Basumallick N, Dasgupta K, Ghosh A, Bandyopadhyay S. Application of strongly overcoupled resonant modes of long-period fiber gratings to measure the adulteration of olive oil. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5118-5126. [PMID: 27409199 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that strongly overcoupled resonant modes of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) can be used to assess the adulteration of olive oil. In this background, we investigate the response characteristics of strongly overcoupled resonant modes of different orders to a surrounding medium, the refractive index (RI) of which is greater than that of the fiber cladding, and in the range where a precise refractive index measurement is immensely useful for inspecting the quality of olive oils and other edible oils. A theoretical simulation that would help in designing a sensor with suitable sensitivity and range of measurement has been presented in detail and also validated with experimental results. It was interesting to observe that in a high RI surrounding, a lower order overcoupled resonant mode is much more sensitive as compared to a higher-order one having a similar coupling coefficient. A quantitative analysis demonstrates that for a particular LPFG, the sensitivity of a strongly overcoupled LP06 mode was found to be ∼2000 dB/RIU, while that of the LP07 mode having similar coupling strength was ∼550 dB/RIU in the surrounding refractive index range from 1.458 to 1.520. The results have been validated experimentally.
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31
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Arjmand M, Chiavaioli F, Berneschi S, Baldini F, Soltanolkotabi M, Trono C. Effect of induced inner curvature on refractive index sensitivity in internally tilted long-period gratings. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1443-1446. [PMID: 27192257 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new complete analysis of the effect of induced inner curvature on refractive index (RI) sensitivity in internally tilted long-period gratings (ITLPGs) is presented. The responses in terms of RI sensitivity of a standard LPG and different ITLPGs with curvature values between 15 and 19 m-1 were compared. The analysis suggests first, that the larger the induced curvature, the greater the RI sensitivity; and second, that the RI sensitivity exponentially increases with both the curvature and cladding mode order. RI sensitivity greater than 100 nm RIU-1 can be attained with curvature greater than 25 m-1 for LP06 mode. Conversely, the temperature sensitivity of ITLPGs is comparable to standard LPGs for the considered cladding mode order.
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32
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Cennamo N, Chiavaioli F, Trono C, Tombelli S, Giannetti A, Baldini F, Zeni L. A Complete Optical Sensor System Based on a POF-SPR Platform and a Thermo-Stabilized Flow Cell for Biochemical Applications. SENSORS 2016; 16:196. [PMID: 26861328 PMCID: PMC4801573 DOI: 10.3390/s16020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An optical sensor platform based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a plastic optical fiber (POF) integrated into a thermo-stabilized flow cell for biochemical sensing applications is proposed. This device has been realized and experimentally tested by using a classic receptor-analyte assay. For this purpose, the gold surface of the POF was chemically modified through the formation of a self-assembling monolayer. The surface robustness of the POF-SPR platform has been tested for the first time thanks to the flow cell. The experimental results show that the proposed device can be successfully used for label-free biochemical sensing. The final goal of this work is to achieve a complete, small-size, simple to use and low cost optical sensor system. The whole system with the flow cell and the optical sensor are extensively described, together with the experimental results obtained with an immunoglobulin G (IgG)/anti-IgG assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy.
| | - Francesco Chiavaioli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Trono
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Second University of Naples, Via Roma 29, Aversa 81031, Italy.
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