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Todorov J, Calhoun SE, McCarty GS, Sombers LA. Electrochemical Quantification of Enkephalin Peptides Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39138126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid neuropeptides serve as important chemical signaling molecules in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, but there are few analytical tools for directly monitoring these molecules in situ. The opioid peptides share the amino acid motif, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-, at the N-terminus. Met-enkephalin is a small opioid peptide comprised of only five amino acids with methionine (Met) incorporated at the C-terminus. Tyrosine (Tyr) and Met are electroactive, and their distinct electrochemical signatures can be utilized for quantitative molecular monitoring. This work encompasses a thorough voltammetric characterization of Tyr and Met redox chemistry as individual amino acids and when incorporated into small peptide fragments containing the shared Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe- motif. NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the structure and conformation at near-physiological conditions. Voltammetric data demonstrate how the peak oxidation potential and the rate of electron transfer are dependent on the local chemical environment. Both the proximity of the electroactive residue to the C- or N-terminus and the hydrophobicity of the additional nonelectroactive amino acids profoundly affect sensitivity. Finally, the work uses the electrochemical signal for individual amino acids in a "training set", with a combination of principal component analysis and least-squares regression to accurately predict the voltammetric signal for short peptides comprising different combinations of those amino acids. Overall, this study demonstrates how fast-scan cyclic voltammetry can be utilized to discriminate between peptides with small differences in the chemical structure, thus establishing a framework for reliable quantification of small peptides in a complex signal, broadly speaking.
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2
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Lospinoso Severini L, Loricchio E, Navacci S, Basili I, Alfonsi R, Bernardi F, Moretti M, Conenna M, Cucinotta A, Coni S, Petroni M, De Smaele E, Giannini G, Maroder M, Canettieri G, Mastronuzzi A, Guardavaccaro D, Ayrault O, Infante P, Bufalieri F, Di Marcotullio L. SALL4 is a CRL3 REN/KCTD11 substrate that drives Sonic Hedgehog-dependent medulloblastoma. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:170-187. [PMID: 38062245 PMCID: PMC10850099 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is crucial regulator of embryonic development and stemness. Its alteration leads to medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. The SHH-MB subgroup is the best genetically characterized, however the molecular mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis are not fully understood and therapeutic benefits are still limited. Here, we show that the pro-oncogenic stemness regulator Spalt-like transcriptional factor 4 (SALL4) is re-expressed in mouse SHH-MB models, and its high levels correlate with worse overall survival in SHH-MB patients. Proteomic analysis revealed that SALL4 interacts with REN/KCTD11 (here REN), a substrate receptor subunit of the Cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3REN) and a tumor suppressor lost in ~30% of human SHH-MBs. We demonstrate that CRL3REN induces polyubiquitylation and degradation of wild type SALL4, but not of a SALL4 mutant lacking zinc finger cluster 1 domain (ΔZFC1). Interestingly, SALL4 binds GLI1 and cooperates with HDAC1 to potentiate GLI1 deacetylation and transcriptional activity. Notably, inhibition of SALL4 suppresses SHH-MB growth both in murine and patient-derived xenograft models. Our findings identify SALL4 as a CRL3REN substrate and a promising therapeutic target in SHH-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Loricchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Shirin Navacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Bernardi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Conenna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cucinotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Ayrault
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR, INSERM, 91401, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR, INSERM U, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Paola Infante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bufalieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Pade LR, Stepler KE, Portero EP, DeLaney K, Nemes P. Biological mass spectrometry enables spatiotemporal 'omics: From tissues to cells to organelles. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:106-138. [PMID: 36647247 PMCID: PMC10668589 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological processes unfold across broad spatial and temporal dimensions, and measurement of the underlying molecular world is essential to their understanding. Interdisciplinary efforts advanced mass spectrometry (MS) into a tour de force for assessing virtually all levels of the molecular architecture, some in exquisite detection sensitivity and scalability in space-time. In this review, we offer vignettes of milestones in technology innovations that ushered sample collection and processing, chemical separation, ionization, and 'omics analyses to progressively finer resolutions in the realms of tissue biopsies and limited cell populations, single cells, and subcellular organelles. Also highlighted are methodologies that empowered the acquisition and analysis of multidimensional MS data sets to reveal proteomes, peptidomes, and metabolomes in ever-deepening coverage in these limited and dynamic specimens. In pursuit of richer knowledge of biological processes, we discuss efforts pioneering the integration of orthogonal approaches from molecular and functional studies, both within and beyond MS. With established and emerging community-wide efforts ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility, spatiotemporal MS emerged as an exciting and powerful resource to study biological systems in space-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R. Pade
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kaitlyn E. Stepler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Erika P. Portero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, MD 20742
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4
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Rerick MT, Chen J, Weber SG. Electroosmotic Perfusion, External Microdialysis: Simulation and Experiment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37379416 PMCID: PMC10360060 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Information about the rates of hydrolysis of neuropeptides by extracellular peptidases can lead to a quantitative understanding of how the steady-state and transient concentrations of neuropeptides are controlled. We have created a small microfluidic device that electroosmotically infuses peptides into, through, and out of the tissue to a microdialysis probe outside the head. The device is created by two-photon polymerization (Nanoscribe). Inferring quantitative estimates of a rate process from the change in concentration of a substrate that has passed through tissue is challenging for two reasons. One is that diffusion is significant, so there is a distribution of peptide substrate residence times in the tissue. This affects the product yield. The other is that there are multiple paths taken by the substrate as it passes through tissue, so there is a distribution of residence times and thus reaction times. Simulation of the process is essential. The simulations presented here imply that a range of first order rate constants of more than 3 orders of magnitude is measurable and that 5-10 min is required to reach a steady state value of product concentration following initiation of substrate infusion. Experiments using a peptidase-resistant d-amino acid pentapeptide, yaGfl, agree with simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Rerick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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5
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Phetsanthad A, Vu NQ, Yu Q, Buchberger AR, Chen Z, Keller C, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:706-750. [PMID: 34558119 PMCID: PMC9067165 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism. With recent technological advances, mass spectrometry (MS) has provided methodology to gain global knowledge of a neuropeptidome on a spatial, temporal, and quantitative level. This review will cover key considerations for the analysis of neuropeptides by MS, including sample preparation strategies, instrumental advances for identification, structural characterization, and imaging; insightful functional studies; and newly developed absolute and relative quantitation strategies. While many discoveries have been made with MS, the methodology is still in its infancy. Many of the current challenges and areas that need development will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nhu Q. Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amanda R. Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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6
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Conway SM, Kuo CC, Gardiner W, Wu RN, Thang LV, Gereau GB, Cirrito JR, Yuede CM, McCall JG, Al-Hasani R. An electrochemical approach for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of dynorphin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526701. [PMID: 36778492 PMCID: PMC9915597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous opioid peptide systems are critical for analgesia, reward processing, and affect, but research on their release dynamics and function has been challenging. Here, we have developed microimmunoelectrodes (MIEs) for the electrochemical detection of opioid peptides using square-wave voltammetry. Briefly, a voltage is applied to the electrode to cause oxidation of the tyrosine residue on the opioid peptide of interest, which is detected as current. To provide selectivity to these voltammetric measurements, the carbon fiber surface of the MIE is coated with an antiserum selective to the opioid peptide of interest. To test the sensitivity of the MIEs, electrodes are immersed in solutions containing different concentrations of opioid peptides, and peak oxidative current is measured. We show that dynorphin antiserum-coated electrodes are sensitive to increasing concentrations of dynorphin in the attomolar range. To confirm selectivity, we also measured the oxidative current from exposure to tyrosine and other opioid peptides in solution. Our data show that dynorphin antiserum-coated MIEs are sensitive and selective for dynorphin with little to no oxidative current observed in met-enkephalin and tyrosine solutions. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of these MIEs in an in vitro brain slice preparation using bath application of dynorphin as well as optogenetic activation of dynorphin release. Future work aims to use MIEs in vivo for real-time, rapid detection of endogenous opioid peptide release in awake, behaving animals.
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7
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Sivanich MK, Gu T, Tabang DN, Li L. Recent advances in isobaric labeling and applications in quantitative proteomics. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100256. [PMID: 35687565 PMCID: PMC9787039 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged at the forefront of quantitative proteomic techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) can be used to determine abundances of proteins and peptides in complex biological samples. Several methods have been developed and adapted for accurate quantification based on chemical isotopic labeling. Among various chemical isotopic labeling techniques, isobaric tagging approaches rely on the analysis of peptides from MS2-based quantification rather than MS1-based quantification. In this review, we will provide an overview of several isobaric tags along with some recent developments including complementary ion tags, improvements in sensitive quantitation of analytes with lower abundance, strategies to increase multiplexing capabilities, and targeted analysis strategies. We will also discuss limitations of isobaric tags and approaches to alleviate these restrictions through bioinformatic tools and data acquisition methods. This review will highlight several applications of isobaric tags, including biomarker discovery and validation, thermal proteome profiling, cross-linking for structural investigations, single-cell analysis, top-down proteomics, along with applications to different molecules including neuropeptides, glycans, metabolites, and lipids, while providing considerations and evaluations to each application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting‐Jia Gu
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,School of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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8
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Abstract
The endogenous opioid peptide system, comprised of enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins, and nociceptin, is a highly complex neurobiological system. Opioid peptides are derived from four precursor molecules and undergo several processing events yielding over 20 unique opioid peptides. This diversity together with low in vivo concentration and complex processing and release dynamics has challenged research into each peptide's unique function. Despite the subsequent challenges in detecting and quantifying opioid peptides in vivo, researchers have pioneered several techniques to directly or indirectly assay the roles of opioid peptides during behavioral manipulations. In this review, we describe the limitations of the traditional techniques used to study the role of endogenous opioid peptides in food and drug reward and bring focus to the wealth of new techniques to measure endogenous opioid peptides in reward processing.
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9
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Yu LD, Li N, Tong YJ, Han J, Qiu J, Ye YX, Chen G, Ouyang G, Zhu F. From exogenous to endogenous: Advances in vivo sampling in living systems. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Gifford EK, Robbins EM, Jaquins-Gerstl A, Rerick MT, Nwachuku EL, Weber SG, Boutelle MG, Okonkwo DO, Puccio AM, Michael AC. Validation of Dexamethasone-Enhanced Continuous-Online Microdialysis for Monitoring Glucose for 10 Days after Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3588-3597. [PMID: 34506125 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a pathophysiologic state that can be worsened by secondary injury. Monitoring brain metabolism with intracranial microdialysis can provide clinical insights to limit secondary injury in the days following TBI. Recent enhancements to microdialysis include the implementation of continuously operating electrochemical biosensors for monitoring the dialysate sample stream in real time and dexamethasone retrodialysis to mitigate the tissue response to probe insertion. Dexamethasone-enhanced continuous-online microdialysis (Dex-enhanced coMD) records long-lasting declines of glucose after controlled cortical impact in rats and TBI in patients. The present study employed retrodialysis and fluorescence microscopy to investigate the mechanism responsible for the decline of dialysate glucose after injury of the rat cortex. Findings confirm the long-term functionality of Dex-enhanced coMD for monitoring brain glucose after injury, demonstrate that intracranial glucose microdialysis is coupled to glucose utilization in the tissues surrounding the probes, and validate the conclusion that aberrant glucose utilization drives the postinjury glucose decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Gifford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Elaine M. Robbins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael T. Rerick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Enyinna L. Nwachuku
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stephen G. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Martyn G. Boutelle
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David O. Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ava M. Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Adrian C. Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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11
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Sauer CS, Phetsanthad A, Riusech OL, Li L. Developing mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of neuropeptides. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:607-621. [PMID: 34375152 PMCID: PMC8522511 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1967146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropeptides are signaling molecules originating in the neuroendocrine system that can act as neurotransmitters and hormones in many biochemical processes. Their exact function is difficult to characterize, however, due to dependence on concentration, post-translational modifications, and the presence of other comodulating neuropeptides. Mass spectrometry enables sensitive, accurate, and global peptidomic analyses that can profile neuropeptide expression changes to understand their roles in many biological problems, such as neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic function. AREAS COVERED We provide a brief overview of the fundamentals of neuropeptidomic research, limitations of existing methods, and recent progress in the field. This review is focused on developments in mass spectrometry and encompasses labeling strategies, post-translational modification analysis, mass spectrometry imaging, and integrated multi-omic workflows, with discussion emphasizing quantitative advancements. EXPERT OPINION Neuropeptidomics is critical for future clinical research with impacts in biomarker discovery, receptor identification, and drug design. While advancements are being made to improve sensitivity and accuracy, there is still room for improvement. Better quantitative strategies are required for clinical analyses, and these methods also need to be amenable to mass spectrometry imaging, post-translational modification analysis, and multi-omics to facilitate understanding and future treatment of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Olga L. Riusech
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53075, USA
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12
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Asano T, Taki K, Kitamori K, Naito H, Nakajima T, Tsuchihashi H, Ishii A, Zaitsu K. One-Pot Extraction and Quantification Method for Bile Acids in the Rat Liver by Capillary Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8588-8597. [PMID: 33817519 PMCID: PMC8015121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a highly sensitive method for quantifying 21 bile acids (BAs) in the rat liver by capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (cLC/MS/MS) with one-pot extraction. High recovery rates were obtained for the one-pot methods with either methanol (MeOH) extraction or MeOH/acetonitrile (ACN) (1:1, v/v) mixture extraction; the results obtained for the MeOH/ACN mixture solution were better than the results obtained for MeOH. Thus, we determined that the one-pot method with MeOH/ACN was the most suitable method for the efficient extraction of BAs in the liver. Targeted BAs were well separated by cLC with gradient elution using ammonium acetate (NH4OAc)-MeOH mobile phases. Method validation proved that the intra-day and inter-day accuracies and precisions were primarily less than ±20 and 20% relative standard deviation, respectively. Also, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.9-10 and 2.3-27 ng/g liver, which proves the high sensitivity of the method. Finally, we quantitated 21 BA concentrations in the liver samples of normal and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats, both of which were derived from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive five (SHRSP5) /Dmcr rat. The hepatic BA profiles were found to be substantially different between the normal and NASH groups; the two groups were clearly separated along the first component axis in the score plots of the principal component analysis. In particular, 10 BAs (β-muricholic acid (MCA), glyco (G-) cholic acid (CA), G-chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), tauro (T-) CA, T-CDCA, T-ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), T-lithocholic acid (LCA), T-hiodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), T-α-MCA, and T-β-MCA) were significantly different between the two groups using Welch's t-test with the false discovery rate correction method, demonstrating BA disruption in the NASH model rat. In conclusion, this method was able to quantify 21 BAs in the rat liver and will evaluate the hepatic BA pathophysiology of rat disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Asano
- Department
of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin
University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
- Department
of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kentaro Taki
- Department
of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- Department
of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin
University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department
of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin
University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College
of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department
of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department
of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Department
of Legal Medicine & Bioethics, Nagoya
University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- In
Vivo Real-time Omics Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Roberg-Larsen H, Wilson SR, Lundanes E. Recent advances in on-line upfront devices for sensitive bioanalytical nano LC methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Valenta AC, D'Amico CI, Dugan CE, Grinias JP, Kennedy RT. A microfluidic chip for on-line derivatization and application to in vivo neurochemical monitoring. Analyst 2021; 146:825-834. [PMID: 33346258 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01729a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips can perform a broad range of automated fluid manipulation operations for chemical analysis including on-line reactions. Derivatization reactions carried out on-chip reduce manual sample preparation and improve experimental throughput. In this work we develop a chip for on-line benzoyl chloride derivatization coupled to microdialysis, an in vivo sampling technique. Benzoyl chloride derivatization is useful for the analysis of small molecule neurochemicals in complex biological matrices using HPLC-MS/MS. The addition of one or more benzoyl groups to small, polar compounds containing amines, phenols, thiols, and certain alcohols improves reversed phase chromatographic retention, electrospray ionization efficiency, and analyte stability. The current derivatization protocol requires a three-step manual sample preparation, which ultimately limits the utility of this method for rapid sample collection and large sample sets. A glass microfluidic chip was developed for derivatizing microdialysis fractions on-line as they exit the probe for collection and off-line analysis with HPLC-MS/MS. Calibration curves for 21 neurochemicals prepared using the on-chip method showed linearity (R2 > 0.99), limits of detection (0.1-500 nM), and peak area RSDs (4-14%) comparable to manual derivatization. Method temporal resolution was investigated both in vitro and in vivo showing rapid rise times for all analytes, which was limited by fraction length (3 min) rather than the device. The platform was applied to basal measurements in the striatum of awake rats where 19 of 21 neurochemicals were above the limit of detection. For a typical 2 h study, a minimum of 120 pipetting steps are eliminated per animal. Such a device provides a useful tool for the analysis of small molecules in biological matrices which may extend beyond microdialysis to other sampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec C Valenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Wilson RE, Jaquins-Gerstl A, Chen J, Rerick M, Weber SG. Electroosmotic Perfusion-Microdialysis Probe Created by Direct Laser Writing for Quantitative Assessment of Leucine Enkephalin Hydrolysis by Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase in Vivo. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14558-14567. [PMID: 32961052 PMCID: PMC11027065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are many processes that actively alter the concentrations of solutes in the extracellular space. Enzymatic reactions, either by soluble enzymes or membrane-bound ectoenzymes, and uptake or clearance are two such processes. Investigations of ectoenzymatic reactions in vivo is challenging, particularly in the brain. Studies using microdialysis have revealed some qualitative information about what enzymes may be present, but microdialysis is a sampling technique so it is not designed to control conditions such as a substrate concentration outside the probe. Micropush-pull perfusion has been used to determine which nitric oxide synthase enzymes are active in discrete regions of the rat retina. Ectopeptidases are a particularly important class of ectoenzymes. As far as it is known, the extracellular activity of active peptides in the brain is controlled by ectopeptidases. To understand ectopeptidase activity, we developed a physical probe and an accompanying method. The probe has a two-channel source that supplies substrate or substrate plus inhibitor using electroosmotic perfusion (EOP). It also has a microdialysis probe to collect products and unreacted substrate. The method provides quantitative estimates of substrate-to-product conversion and the influence of inhibitors on this process. The quantitative estimates are made possible by including a d-amino acid-containing peptide analog of the substrate in the substrate-containing solution infused. Quantitative analysis of substrate, substrate analog, and products is carried out by quantitative, online capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The electroosmotic perfusion-microdialysis probe and associated method were used to determine the effect of the selective inhibitor HFI-419 on insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) in the rat neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Petersen Institute of NanoScience and Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael Rerick
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Sanders KL, Edwards JL. Nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and recent applications in omics investigations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4404-4417. [PMID: 32901622 PMCID: PMC7530103 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one of the most powerful tools in identifying and quantitating molecular species. Decreasing column diameter from the millimeter to micrometer scale is now a well-developed method which allows for sample limited analysis. Specific fabrication of capillary columns is required for proper implementation and optimization when working in the nanoflow regime. Coupling the capillary column to the mass spectrometer for electrospray ionization (ESI) requires reduction of the subsequent emitter tip. Reduction of column diameter to capillary scale can produce improved chromatographic efficiency and the reduction of emitter tip size increased sensitivity of the electrospray process. This improved sensitivity and ionization efficiency is valuable in analysis of precious biological samples where analytes vary in size, ion affinity, and concentration. In this review we will discuss common approaches and challenges in implementing nLC-MS methods and how the advantages can be leveraged to investigate a wide range of biomolecules.
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Ma S, Wang Y, Zhang N, Lyu J, Ma C, Xu J, Li X, Ou J, Ye M. Integrated Microstructured Photonic Fiber as a Bifunctional Robust Frit and Efficient Electrospray Emitter of a Packed Column for Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Complex Biological Samples. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2274-2282. [PMID: 31846285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although capillary liquid chromatography married with tandem mass spectrometry (cLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics and metabolomics research, it is still a great challenge to fabricate durable capillary-based analytical columns coupling continuous nanoflow (<1 000 nL/min) electrospray ionization (ESI) with MS, owing to the issue of clogging and fragile of emitters. Here, we proposed a simple approach to integrate microstructured photonic fibers (MPFs) into wide bore capillaries with 150 μm i.d., serving as an integral bifunctional frit or/and ESI emitter of packed columns. Two kinds of MPFs containing 126 homogeneous microchannels with different inner diameter, 3.2 μm for MPF-1 and 2.6 μm for MPF-2, were explored for preparation. The octadecylsilicate (ODS) silica-packed column using MPF-1 as a frit exhibited the lowest plate heights of 14.2-19.7 μm for five alkylbenzenes at the velocity of 1.5 mm/s, which were slightly lower than those of packed column with porous polymer monolith (PPM)-based frit by cLC coupling with ultraviolet (UV) detection. Additionally, the packed columns with integral MPF frit-emitters were further applied in analysis of a complex biological sample of digest of Hela cells by cLC-MS. An average of 7109 unique peptides could be identified in a single analysis by using MPF-1 emitter, and 7110 unique peptides were identified by using the MPF-2 emitter, which were superior to the identified result of packed column with an integral tapered tip emitter (6894 peptides). It is obvious that this novel integral MPF-based frit-emitter does not easily suffer from the issues of cracking owing to the silica cladding around independent microchannels (>100), which always encumbers both independent and integral tapered tip emitters for cLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiawen Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Junwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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18
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Mejía-Carmona K, Soares da Silva Burato J, Borsatto JVB, de Toffoli AL, Lanças FM. Miniaturization of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Su Y, Bian S, Sawan M. Real-time in vivo detection techniques for neurotransmitters: a review. Analyst 2020; 145:6193-6210. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01175d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional synapses in the central nervous system depend on a chemical signal exchange process that involves neurotransmitter delivery between neurons and receptor cells in the neuro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Zhejiang university
- Hangzhou, 310058
- China
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
| | - Sumin Bian
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CENBRAIN Lab
- School of Engineering
- Westlake University
- Hangzhou
- China
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20
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Calhoun SE, Meunier CJ, Lee CA, McCarty GS, Sombers LA. Characterization of a Multiple-Scan-Rate Voltammetric Waveform for Real-Time Detection of Met-Enkephalin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2022-2032. [PMID: 30571911 PMCID: PMC6473485 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid peptides are critically involved in a variety of physiological functions necessary for adaptation and survival, and as such, understanding the precise actions of endogenous opioid peptides will aid in identification of potential therapeutic strategies to treat a variety of disorders. However, few analytical tools are currently available that offer both the sensitivity and spatial resolution required to monitor peptidergic concentration fluctuations in situ on a time scale commensurate with that of neuronal communication. Our group has developed a multiple-scan-rate waveform to enable real-time voltammetric detection of tyrosine containing neuropeptides. Herein, we have evaluated the waveform parameters to increase sensitivity to methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK), an endogenous opioid neuropeptide implicated in pain, stress, and reward circuits. M-ENK dynamics were monitored in adrenal gland tissue, as well as in the dorsal striatum of anesthetized and freely behaving animals. The data reveal cofluctuations of catecholamine and M-ENK in both locations and provide measurements of M-ENK dynamics in the brain with subsecond temporal resolution. Importantly, this work also demonstrates how voltammetric waveforms can be customized to enhance detection of specific target analytes, broadly speaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. J. Meunier
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - C. A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - G. S. McCarty
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - L. A. Sombers
- Department of Chemistry, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Bongaerts J, De Bundel D, Mangelings D, Smolders I, Vander Heyden Y, Van Eeckhaut A. Sensitive targeted methods for brain metabolomic studies in microdialysis samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:192-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Ou Y, Wilson RE, Weber SG. Methods of Measuring Enzyme Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:509-533. [PMID: 29505726 PMCID: PMC6147230 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions in the body and, in conjunction with transporters and receptors, control virtually all physiological processes. There is great value in measuring enzyme activity ex vivo and in vivo. Spatial and temporal differences or changes in enzyme activity can be related to a variety of natural and pathological processes. Several analytical approaches have been developed to meet this need. They can be classified broadly as methods either based on artificial substrates, with the goal of creating images of diseased tissue, or based on natural substrates, with the goal of understanding natural processes. This review covers a selection of these methods, including optical, magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and physical sampling approaches, with a focus on creative chemistry and method development that make ex vivo and in vivo measurements of enzyme activity possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachael E Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA;
| | - Stephen G Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA;
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