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Zong Y, Lei Z, Yu SB, Zhang LY, Wu Y, Feng K, Qi QY, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Guo P, Zhou W, Zhang DW, Li ZT. Caltrop-like Small-Molecule Antidotes That Neutralize Unfractionated Heparin and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3860-3873. [PMID: 38407934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are widely applied for surgical procedures and extracorporeal therapies, which, however, suffer bleeding risk. Protamine, the only clinically approved antidote, can completely neutralize UFH, but only partially neutralizes LMWHs, and also has a number of safety drawbacks. Here, we show that caltrop-like multicationic small molecules can completely neutralize both UFH and LMWHs. In vitro and ex vivo assays with plasma and whole blood and in vivo assays with mice and rats support that the lead compound is not only superior to protamine by displaying higher neutralization activity and broader therapeutic windows but also biocompatible. The effective neutralization dose and the maximum tolerated dose of the lead compound are determined to be 0.4 and 25 mg/kg in mice, respectively, suggesting good promise for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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2
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Das A, Khambhati DP, Longoria ND, Tabibi A, Davachi SM, Dimas K, Laurencin Y, Carmona L, Avalos PZ, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Modified Diatomaceous Earth in Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa. Molecules 2023; 28:7982. [PMID: 38138471 PMCID: PMC10745834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that plays a vital role in various physiological processes. The remarkable structural complexity of heparin, consisting of repeating disaccharide units, makes it a crucial molecule for the development of commercial drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of cost-effective adsorbents specifically designed for the adsorption of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. This advancement has been driven by the need for efficient and scalable methods to extract heparin from natural sources. In this study, we investigated the use of cationic ammonium-functionalized diatomaceous earth, featuring enhanced porosity, larger surface area, and higher thermal stability, to maximize the isolated heparin recovery. Our results showed that the higher cationic density and less bulky quaternary modified diatomaceous earth (QDADE) could adsorb up to 16.3 mg·g-1 (31%) of heparin from the real mucosa samples. Additionally, we explored the conditions of the adsorbent surface for recovery of the heparin molecule and optimized various factors, such as temperature and pH, to optimize the heparin uptake. This is the introductory account of the implementation of modified diatomaceous earth with quaternary amines for heparin capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Devang P. Khambhati
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Niko D. Longoria
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Alireza Tabibi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Kayli Dimas
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Yulianna Laurencin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Lesly Carmona
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Pablo Zarate Avalos
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (D.P.K.); (S.M.D.); (K.D.); (L.C.); (P.Z.A.)
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
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3
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Tu J, Liu Q, You S, Meng Z, Fang S, Yu B, Chen X, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Herrmann A, Chen G, Shen J, Zheng L, Ji J. Recombinant supercharged polypeptides for safe and efficient heparin neutralization. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5533-5539. [PMID: 37395046 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00628j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a widely used anticoagulant agent in the clinic. After application, its anticoagulant effect must be reversed to prevent potential side effects. Protamine sulfate (PS) is the only clinically licensed antidote that has been used for this purpose in the last 80 years, which, however, provokes severe adverse effects, such as systemic hypotension and even death. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of supercharged polypeptides as a promising alternative for protamine sulfate. A series of supercharged polypeptides with multiple positive charges was recombinantly produced, and the heparin-neutralizing performance of the polypeptides was evaluated in comparison with PS. It was found that increasing the number of charges significantly enhanced the ability to neutralize heparin and resist the screening effect induced by salt. In particular, the polypeptide bearing 72 charges (K72) exhibited an excellent heparin-neutralizing behavior that was comparable to that of PS. Further in vivo studies revealed that the heparin-triggered bleeding was almost completely alleviated by K72 while a negligible toxic effect was observed. Therefore, such recombinant supercharged polypeptides might replace protamine sulfate as heparin-reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Imaging Diagnostic and Interventional Minimally Invasive Institute, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shengye You
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Imaging Diagnostic and Interventional Minimally Invasive Institute, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Binhong Yu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xumin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lulu Zeng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lifei Zheng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Imaging Diagnostic and Interventional Minimally Invasive Institute, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Q, Yang S, Seitz I, Pistikou AMM, de Greef TFA, Kostiainen MA. A Synthetic Protocell-Based Heparin Scavenger. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2201790. [PMID: 35570377 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a commonly applied blood anticoagulant agent in clinical use. After treatment, excess heparin needs to be removed to circumvent side effects and recover the blood-clotting cascade. Most existing heparin antidotes rely on direct heparin binding and complexation, yet selective compartmentalization and sequestration of heparin would be beneficial for safety and efficiency. However, such systems have remained elusive. Herein, a semipermeable protein-based microcompartment (proteinosome) is loaded with a highly positively charged chitosan derivative, which can induce electrostatics-driven internalization of anionic guest molecules inside the compartment. Chitosan-loaded proteinosomes are subsequently employed to capture heparin, and an excellent heparin-scavenging performance is demonstrated under physiologically relevant conditions. Both the highly positive scavenger and the polyelectrolyte complex are confined and shielded by the protein compartment in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, selective heparin-scavenging behavior over serum albumin is realized through adjusting the localized scavenger or surrounding salt concentrations at application-relevant circumstances. In vitro studies reveal that the cytotoxicity of the cationic scavenger and the produced polyelectrolyte complex is reduced by protocell shielding. Therefore, the proteinosome-based systems may present a novel polyelectrolyte-scavenging method for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCAS), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Shuo Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Seitz
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Makri Pistikou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Tom F A de Greef
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Computational Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, MB, 6525, The Netherlands
- Center for Living Technologies, Alliance TU/e, WUR, UU, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, CB 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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5
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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6
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Liu Q, Shaukat A, Meng Z, Nummelin S, Tammelin T, Kontturi E, de Vries R, Kostiainen MA. Engineered Protein Copolymers for Heparin Neutralization and Detection. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1014-1021. [PMID: 36598935 PMCID: PMC9930113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a widely applied anticoagulant agent. However, in clinical practice, it is of vital importance to reverse its anticoagulant effect to restore the blood-clotting cascade and circumvent side effects. Inspired by protein cages that can encapsulate and protect their cargo from surroundings, we utilize three designed protein copolymers to sequester heparin into inert nanoparticles. In our design, a silk-like sequence provides cooperativity between proteins, generating a multivalency effect that enhances the heparin-binding ability. Protein copolymers complex heparin into well-defined nanoparticles with diameters below 200 nm. We also develop a competitive fluorescent switch-on assay for heparin detection, with a detection limit of 0.01 IU mL-1 in plasma that is significantly below the therapeutic range (0.2-8 IU mL-1). Moreover, moderate cytocompatibility is demonstrated by in vitro cell studies. Therefore, such engineered protein copolymers present a promising alternative for neutralizing and sensing heparin, but further optimization is required for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCAS), Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Ahmed Shaukat
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCAS), Wenzhou325001, China.,Materials Chemistry of Cellulose, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland
| | - Sami Nummelin
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, P.O. Box 1000, EspooFI-02044, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Materials Chemistry of Cellulose, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland
| | - Renko de Vries
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Aalto00076, Finland
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7
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Karimi Abdolmaleki M, Das A, Khambhati DP, Shafiee A, Dimas K, Velazquez CA, Davachi SM, Choubtarash Abardeh S. Efficient and Economic Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa Using Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Silica Gel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:606. [PMID: 36354517 PMCID: PMC9687748 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparin, usually isolated from porcine intestinal mucosa, is an active pharmaceutical ingredient of great material value. Traditionally, diverse types of commercial resins were employed as an adsorbent for heparin retrieval from biological samples. However, more recent years have encouraged the advent of new cost-effective adsorbents to achieve enhanced heparin retrieval. Inexpensive cationic ammonium-functionalized silica gels, monodispersed with larger surface area, porosity, and higher thermal stability, were chosen to evaluate the heparin recovery yield from porcine intestinal mucosa. We demonstrated that higher positively charged and less bulky quaternary modified silica gel (e.g., QDASi) could adsorb ~28% (14.7 mg g-1) heparin from the real samples. In addition, we also determined suitable surface conditions for the heparin molecule adsorption by mechanistic studies and optimized different variables, such as pH, temperature, etc., to improve the heparin adsorption. This is going to be the first reported study on the usage of quaternary amine-functionalized silica gel for HEP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Devang P. Khambhati
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Ali Shafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Kayli Dimas
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Carlo Alberto Velazquez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA or
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8
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Lin F, Yu SB, Liu YY, Liu CZ, Lu S, Cao J, Qi QY, Zhou W, Li X, Liu Y, Tian J, Li ZT. Porous Polymers as Universal Reversal Agents for Heparin Anticoagulants through an Inclusion-Sequestration Mechanism. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200549. [PMID: 35499202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heparins are widely used anticoagulants for surgical procedures and extracorporeal therapies. However, all of them have bleeding risks. Protamine sulfate, the only clinically approved antidote for unfractionated heparin (UFH), has adverse effects. Moreover, protamine can only partially neutralize low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) and is not effective for fondaparinux. Here, an inclusion-sequestration strategy for efficient neutralization of heparin anticoagulants by cationic porous supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs) is reported. Isothermal titration calorimetric and fluorescence experiments show strong binding affinities of these porous polymers toward heparins, whereas dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analysis confirm that the heparin sequences are adsorbed into the interior of the porous hosts. Activated partial thromboplastin time, anti-FXa, and thromboelastography assays indicate that their neutralization efficacies are higher than or as high as that of protamine for UFH and generally superior to protamine for LMWHs and fondaparinux, which is further confirmed by tail-transection model in mice and ex vivo aPTT or anti-FXa analysis in rats. Acute toxicity evaluations reveal that one of the SOFs displays outstanding biocompatibility. This work suggests that porous polymers can supply safe and rapid reversal of clinically used heparins, as protamine surrogates, providing an improved approach for their neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jia Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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9
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Weak Polyelectrolytes as Nanoarchitectonic Design Tools for Functional Materials: A Review of Recent Achievements. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103263. [PMID: 35630741 PMCID: PMC9145934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ionization degree, charge density, and conformation of weak polyelectrolytes can be adjusted through adjusting the pH and ionic strength stimuli. Such polymers thus offer a range of reversible interactions, including electrostatic complexation, H-bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, which position weak polyelectrolytes as key nano-units for the design of dynamic systems with precise structures, compositions, and responses to stimuli. The purpose of this review article is to discuss recent examples of nanoarchitectonic systems and applications that use weak polyelectrolytes as smart components. Surface platforms (electrodeposited films, brushes), multilayers (coatings and capsules), processed polyelectrolyte complexes (gels and membranes), and pharmaceutical vectors from both synthetic or natural-type weak polyelectrolytes are discussed. Finally, the increasing significance of block copolymers with weak polyion blocks is discussed with respect to the design of nanovectors by micellization and film/membrane nanopatterning via phase separation.
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10
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Zong Y, Xu YY, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Lin F, Yu SB, Wang H, Zhou W, Sun XW, Zhang DW, Li ZT. Porous dynamic covalent polymers as promising reversal agents for heparin anticoagulants. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3268-3276. [PMID: 35357392 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heparins are natural and partially degraded polyelectrolytes that consist of sulfated polysaccharide backbones. However, as clinically used anticoagulants, heparins are associated with clinical bleeding risks and thus require rapid neutralization. Protamine sulfate is the only clinically approved antidote for unfractionated heparin (UFH), which not only may cause severe adverse reactions in patients, but also is only partially effective against low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). We here present the facile synthesis of four porous multicationic dynamic covalent polymers (DCPs) from the condensation of tritopic aldehyde and acylhydrazine precursors. We show that, as new water-soluble polymeric antidotes, the new DCPs can effectively include both UFH and LMWHs and thus reverse their anticoagulating activity, which is confirmed by the activated partial thromboplastin time and thromboelastographic assays as well as mouse tail transection assay (bleeding model). The neutralization activities of two of the DCPs were found to be overall superior to that of protamine and have wider concentration windows and good biocompatibility. This pore-inclusion neutralization strategy paves the way for the development of water-soluble polymers as universal heparin binding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Furong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xing-Wen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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11
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Välimäki S, Liu Q, Schoonen L, Vervoort DFM, Nonappa, Linko V, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM, Kostiainen MA. Engineered protein cages for selective heparin encapsulation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1272-1276. [PMID: 33427277 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heparin-specific binding peptide was conjugated to a cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) capsid protein, which was subsequently allowed to encapsulate heparin and form capsid-like protein cages. The encapsulation is specific and the capsid-heparin assemblies display negligible hemolytic activity, indicating proper blood compatibility and promising possibilities for heparin antidote applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Välimäki
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Lise Schoonen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Daan F M Vervoort
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Nonappa
- HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. and HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - Roeland J M Nolte
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands and Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Het Kranenveld 14, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto FI-00076, Espoo, Finland. and HYBER Centre, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
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12
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Tang B, Qian Y, Fang G. Development of Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Improving Oral Absorption of Enoxaparin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E607. [PMID: 32629827 PMCID: PMC7407632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enoxaparin, an anticoagulant that helps prevent the formation of blood clots, is administered parenterally. Here, we report the development and evaluation of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs) for the oral delivery of enoxaparin. The polymer poloxamer 407 (P407) was incorporated into lipid nanoparticles to form gel cores and ensure high encapsulation efficiency and the controlled release of enoxaparin. In vitro results indicated that 30% of P407 incorporation offered higher encapsulation efficiency and sustained the release of enoxaparin. Laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) images showed that LPHNs could not only significantly improve the accumulation of enoxaparin in intestinal villi but also facilitate enoxaparin transport into the underlayer of intestinal epithelial cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic study results indicated that the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin was markedly increased about 6.8-fold by LPHNs. In addition, its therapeutic efficacy against pulmonary thromboembolism was improved 2.99-fold by LPHNs. Moreover, LPHNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility in the intestine. Overall, the LPHN is a promising delivery carrier to boost the oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Yabang Medical Research Institute, 66 Changhong Road, Changzhou 213145, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Guihua Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (B.T.); (Y.Q.)
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13
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Bratek-Skicki A. Design of Ultra-Thin PEO/PDMAEMA Polymer Coatings for Tunable Protein Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E660. [PMID: 32183463 PMCID: PMC7183053 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein adsorption on solid surfaces provides either beneficial or adverse outcomes, depending on the application. Therefore, the desire to predict, control, and regulate protein adsorption on different surfaces is a major concern in the field of biomaterials. The most widely used surface modification approach to prevent or limit protein adsorption is based on the use of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). On the other hand, the amount of protein adsorbed on poly(2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) coatings can be regulated by the pH and ionic strength of the medium. In this work, ultra-thin PEO/PDMAEMA coatings were designed from solutions with different ratios of PEO to PDMAEMA, and different molar masses of PEO, to reversibly adsorb and desorb human serum albumin (HSA), human fibrinogen (Fb), lysozyme (Lys), and avidine (Av), four very different proteins in terms of size, shape, and isoelectric points. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the mixed polymer coatings, revealing the presence of both polymers in the layers, in variable proportions according to the chosen parameters. Protein adsorption at pH 7.4 and salt concentrations of 10-3 M was monitored by QCM. Lys and Av did not adsorb on the homo-coatings and the mixed coatings. The amount of HSA and Fb adsorbed decreased with increasing the PEO ratio or its molar mass in a grafting solution. It was demonstrated that HSA and Fb, which were adsorbed at pH 7.4 and at an ionic strength of 10-3 M, can be fully desorbed by rinsing with a sodium chloride solution at pH 9.0 and ionic strength 0.15 M from the mixed PEO5/PDMAEMA coatings with PEO/PDMAEMA mass ratios of 70/30, and 50/50, respectively. The results demonstrate that mixed PEO/PDMAEMA coatings allow protein adsorption to be finely tuned on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bratek-Skicki
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, PL30239 Krakow, Poland
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14
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Anthis AHC, Matter MT, Keevend K, Gerken LRH, Scheibler S, Doswald S, Gogos A, Herrmann IK. Tailoring the Colloidal Stability, Magnetic Separability, and Cytocompatibility of High-Capacity Magnetic Anion Exchangers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:48341-48351. [PMID: 31747521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal blood purification has been applied to artificially support kidney or liver function. However, convection and diffusion based blood purification systems have limited removal rates for high molecular weight and hydrophobic molecules. This limitation is due to the finite volume of infusion and limited membrane permeability, respectively. Adsorption provides an attractive alternative for the removal of higher molecular weight compounds. The use of adsorption resins containing ion exchanging groups to capture specific molecules has become well-established. Instead of stationary adsorption resins, however, ion exchanging polymers may be immobilized on magnetic particles and serve as freely diffusing, mobile, high capacity solid phase of ion exchange chromatography. While small beads with high surface area are attractive in terms of mass transfer and binding, unifying high capturing capacity with rapid and quantitative bead recovery remains an issue. Therefore, most of the current magnetic ion exchangers are based on micron-sized beads or require long times to separate. In addition to unfavorable magnetic recovery rates, the usually poor cytocompatibility limits their applicability in biomedicine. Here, we report on the synthesis and performance of polycationic polymer coated magnetic nanoflowers (MNF) for highly efficacious anion capturing. We demonstrate accurate control over the polymer content and composition on the beads and show its direct influence on colloidal stability, capturing capacity and magnetic separability. We present the removal of clinically relevant targets by capturing bilirubin with capacities 2-fold higher than previous work as well as quantitative heparin removal. Additionally, we illustrate how copolymerization of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) leads to improved cytocompatibility of the polymer-coated MNF capturing agents while retaining high capturing capacities. Taken together, we present a nanoparticle/polymer material, which upon future in vivo validation, unifies high binding capacities and magnetic separability for rapid toxin capturing and hence fulfills key requirements of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre H C Anthis
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin T Matter
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Subas Scheibler
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Magnetic and Functional Thin Films, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Überlandstrasse 129 , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Simon Doswald
- Functional Materials Laboratory, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Department Materials Meet Life , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering , ETH Zurich , Sonneggstrasse 3 , CH-8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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15
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Liu Q, Välimäki S, Shaukat A, Shen B, Linko V, Kostiainen MA. Serum Albumin-Peptide Conjugates for Simultaneous Heparin Binding and Detection. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21891-21899. [PMID: 31891067 PMCID: PMC6933801 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a polysaccharide-based anticoagulant agent, which is widely used in surgery and blood transfusion. However, overdosage of heparin may cause severe side effects such as bleeding and low blood platelet count. Currently, there is only one clinically licensed antidote for heparin: protamine sulfate, which is known to provoke adverse effects. In this work, we present a stable and biocompatible alternative for protamine sulfate that is based on serum albumin, which is conjugated with a variable number of heparin-binding peptides. The heparin-binding efficiency of the conjugates was evaluated with methylene blue displacement assay, dynamic light scattering, and anti-Xa assay. We found that multivalency of the peptides played a key role in the observed heparin-binding affinity and complex formation. The conjugates had low cytotoxicity and low hemolytic activity, indicating excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, a sensitive DNA competition assay for heparin detection was developed. The detection limit of heparin was 0.1 IU/mL, which is well below its therapeutic range (0.2-0.4 IU/mL). Such biomolecule-based systems are urgently needed for next-generation biocompatible materials capable of simultaneous heparin binding and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Salla Välimäki
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Ahmed Shaukat
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Boxuan Shen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Biohybrid
Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems and HYBER Center of Excellence, Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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16
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Ourri B, Vial L. Lost in (Clinical) Translation: Recent Advances in Heparin Neutralization and Monitoring. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2512-2526. [PMID: 31682398 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The heparin family, which includes unfractionated heparin, low-molecular heparin, and fondaparinux, is a class of drugs clinically used as intravenous blood thinners. To date, issues related to both the reversal of anticoagulation and the blood level determination of the anticoagulant at the point-of-care remain: while the only U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antidote for heparin displays serious efficacy and safety drawbacks, the current assays for heparin monitoring are indirect measurements subject to their own limitations and variations. Herein, we provide an update on the numerous recent chemical approaches to tackle these issues, from which it is clear that some new antidotes and sensors for heparin certainly have the potential to exceed current clinical standards. This review aims to review a field that requires close collaborations between physicians, biologists, and chemists in order to foster advances toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ourri
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Vial
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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17
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Li PY, Chen Y, Chen CH, Liu Y. Amphiphilic multi-charged cyclodextrins and vitamin K co-assembly as a synergistic coagulant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11790-11793. [PMID: 31524903 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Balancing and neutralizing heparin dosing after surgeries and hemodialysis treatment is of great importance in medical and clinical fields. In this study, a series of new amphiphilic multi-charged cyclodextrins (AMCD)s as anti-heparin coagulants were designed and synthesized. The AMCD assembly was capable of selective heparin binding through multivalent bonding and showed a better neutralizing effect towards both unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin than protamine in plasma. Meanwhile, an AMCD and vitamin K (VK) co-assembly was prepared to realize heparin-responsive VK release and provide a novel VK deficiency treatment for hemodialysis patients. This AMCD-VK co-assembly for heparin neutralization & vitamin K supplementation synergistic coagulation represents a promising candidate as a clinical anti-heparin coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Chang-Hui Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
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18
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Jiang L, Zhu W, Qian H, Wang C, Chen Y, Liu P. Fabrication of PMPC/PTM/PEGDA micropatterns onto polypropylene films behaving with dual functions of antifouling and antimicrobial activities. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5078-5088. [PMID: 31432877 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polymer materials with high biocompatibility and versatile functions are urgently required in the biomedical field. The hydrophobic surface and inert traits of polymer materials usually encounter severe biofouling and bacterial infection which hinder the potential application of polymers as biomedical materials. Although many antifouling or antimicrobial coatings have been developed for modification of biomedical devices/implants, few can simultaneously fulfill the requirements for antimicrobial and antifouling activities. Herein, we constructed bifunctional micropatterns with antifouling and antimicrobial properties onto polypropylene (PP) films using argon plasma activation treatment, photomask technique and UV-initiated graft polymerization method. Different sizes of PMPC/PTM/PEGDA micropatterns were fabricated on PP films to yield patterned PP-PMPC/PTM/PEGDA as evidenced by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), where PMPC is poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) for enhancement of hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, PTM is poly(methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) for contribution to antimicrobial activity and PEGDA is poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) as the crosslinker. The surface hydrophilicity of patterned PP-PMPC/PTM/PEGDA was characterized by the static water contact angle test. The results showed that the PP sample with a micropattern with the size of 5 μm exhibited the best hydrophilicity. For biological assays of patterned PP-PMPC/PTM/PEGDA, the micropattern size at 5 μm performed the best for both antiplatelet adhesion and antimicrobial activities. We anticipate that this work could provide a new method for building bifunctional biomedical materials to promote the application of PP in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Huaming Qian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Changhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yashao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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19
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Ourri B, Francoia JP, Monard G, Gris JC, Leclaire J, Vial L. Dendrigraft of Poly-l-lysine as a Promising Candidate To Reverse Heparin-based Anticoagulants in Clinical Settings. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:917-922. [PMID: 31223448 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By using a combination of experimental and computational experiments, we demonstrated that a second-generation dendrigraft of poly-l-lysine neutralizes the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and fondaparinux more efficiently than protamine does in human plasma, making this synthetic polymer a promising surrogate of this problematic protein in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ourri
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Patrick Francoia
- Univ. Montpellier, IBMM UMR 5247 CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gerald Monard
- Univ. Lorraine, LPCT UMR 7019 CNRS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Gris
- Department of Hematology, Nı̂mes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30029 Nîmes Cedex 9, France
- The First I.M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Julien Leclaire
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Vial
- Univ. Lyon, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Univ. Montpellier, IBMM UMR 5247 CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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20
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A review of emerging bone tissue engineering via PEG conjugated biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:1021-1035. [PMID: 30678893 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defects in bones can be caused by a plethora of reasons, such as trauma or illness, and in many cases, it poses challenges to the current treatment approaches for bone repair. With increasing demand of bone bioengineering in tissue transplant, there is a need to source for sustainable solutions to induce bone regeneration. Polymeric biomaterials have been identified as a promising approach due to its excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most commonly investigated polymer for use in bio-related application due to its bioinertness and versatility. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature enables it to be incorporated with hydrophobic but biodegradable polymers like, polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), to create an amphiphilic polymer. This article reviews the recent synthetic strategies available for the construction of PEG conjugated polymeric system, analysis of PEG influence on the material properties, and provides an overview of its application in bone engineering.
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21
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Approaches to prevent bleeding associated with anticoagulants: current status and recent developments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:928-944. [PMID: 28741113 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anticoagulants are widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders and to prevent blood clotting during surgeries. However, the major limitation associated with anticoagulant therapy is bleeding; all the current anticoagulants do have a bleeding risk. The propensity to bleed is much higher among the elderly population and patients with renal insufficiency. Therefore, there is an utmost and urgent clinical need for a highly efficient, nontoxic antidote with excellent anticoagulant reversal activity. This will significantly improve the safety of anticoagulation therapy. This review summarizes the current options and approaches to reverse anticoagulation activity of clinically used anticoagulants. We start with an introduction to thrombosis and then summarize the details of current clinically available anticoagulants and their mechanisms of action and limitations. This is followed by current practices in anticoagulant neutralization including the details of the only clinically approved unfractionated heparin antidote, protamine; recent advances in the development of antidotes against heparin-based drugs; and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
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22
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The Low Molecular Weight Heparin Tinzaparin Attenuates Platelet Activation in Terms of Metastatic Niche Formation by Coagulation-Dependent and Independent Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112753. [PMID: 30356007 PMCID: PMC6278400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An intimate interplay with platelets is an initial key issue for tumor cells in terms of hematogenous metastasis. Tumor cells activate platelets by different pathways and receive, upon forming a platelet cloak, protection from immune surveillance and support in metastatic niche creation. Therapeutic intervention with this early interaction is promising to antagonize the whole metastatic cascade. Here we aimed to investigate the capability of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), unfractionated heparin (UFH), and a non-anticoagulant heparin derivative or FXa inhibitor fondaparinux to interfere with platelet activation by tumor cells. Coagulation-dependent and independent pathways of platelet activation by three tumor cell lines, and interference therewith were analyzed by fluorigenic thrombin formation assay, platelet aggregometry, ATP and VEGF release and endothelial tube formation assay. LMWH and UFH were found to repress various routes of platelet activation, reflected by attenuated endothelial tube formation. This confirms the duality of anti-coagulative and anti-adhesive properties of heparin. While non-anticoagulative heparin (RO-heparin) depressed platelets’ ATP and VEGF release by contact inhibition sufficiently, fondaparinux just attenuated tissue factor mediated thrombin generation. Concluding, these data suggest that LMWH as a guideline-based drug for anticoagulative strategies in oncology is promising to provide additional benefit for interference with metastatic activities.
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23
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Välimäki S, Beyeh NK, Linko V, Ras RHA, Kostiainen MA. A supramolecular host-guest complex for heparin binding and sensing. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14022-14030. [PMID: 29995039 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is an anionic polysaccharide widely used in clinics as an anticoagulant. However, heparin usage requires an antidote and sensors for safe operation during and after surgeries. In this study, a host-guest complex capable of selective heparin binding and sensing is presented. Heparin binding affinity was studied in solution with a variety of polycationic macrocyclic hosts, a pillar[5]arene and multiple resorcin[4]arenes, by dynamic light scattering, dye displacement assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and anti-Xa assay. The measurements reveal the significant importance of multivalency in electrostatic host-heparin binding in competitive, application-relevant media. Additionally, to monitor the heparin concentration, a host-guest indicator displacement assay was performed by following the free and bound state of the methyl orange dye in UV-Vis spectroscopic experiments. Furthermore, this colorimetric sensing based on the tertiary host-guest-heparin supramolecular assembly was utilized in the construction of a calibration curve in a range of blood plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Välimäki
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Mielańczyk A, Kupczak M, Burek M, Mielańczyk Ł, Klymenko O, Wandzik I, Neugebauer D. Functional (mikto)stars and star-comb copolymers from d-gluconolactone derivative: An efficient route for tuning the architecture and responsiveness to stimuli. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Smith DK. From fundamental supramolecular chemistry to self-assembled nanomaterials and medicines and back again – how Sam inspired SAMul. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4743-4760. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Personal inspiration led to the development of a programme of research targeting the use of self-assembled systems in nanomedicine, which in the process of approaching a range of applications has uncovered new fundamental concepts in supramolecular science.
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26
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Kalathottukaren MT, Abbina S, Yu K, Shenoi RA, Creagh AL, Haynes C, Kizhakkedathu JN. A Polymer Therapeutic Having Universal Heparin Reversal Activity: Molecular Design and Functional Mechanism. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3343-3358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Thomas Kalathottukaren
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kai Yu
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rajesh A. Shenoi
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Drug Discovery, Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A. Louise Creagh
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles Haynes
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael
Smith Laboratories, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre
for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Precipitation and Neutralization of Heparin from Different Sources by Protamine Sulfate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030059. [PMID: 28671597 PMCID: PMC5620603 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic unfractionated heparin available in Europe and US is of porcine mucosal origin. There is now interest, specifically in the US, to use bovine mucosa as an additional source for the production of heparin. The anticoagulant action of heparin can be neutralized by protamine sulfate, and in this study the ability of protamine to bind and neutralize the anticoagulant activities of heparin from porcine mucosa, bovine mucosa and bovine lung were assessed. Protamine sulfate was able to bind and precipitate similar amounts of heparins from different sources on a mass basis. However, differential amounts of anticoagulant activities were neutralized by protamine sulfate, with neutralization of porcine mucosa more effective than for bovine lung and bovine mucosa. For all heparins, potentiation of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II was preferentially neutralized over antithrombin-mediated inhibition of factor Xa or plasma clotting time. Whole blood thromboelastography showed that neutralization by protamine sulfate was more effective than the antithrombin dependent thrombin inhibition assays indicated. While there was no absolute correlation between average or peak molecular weight of heparin samples and neutralization of anticoagulant activity, correlation was observed between proportions of material with high affinity to antithrombin, specific activities and neutralization of activity.
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28
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Rodrigo AC, Bromfield SM, Laurini E, Posocco P, Pricl S, Smith DK. Morphological control of self-assembled multivalent (SAMul) heparin binding in highly competitive media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6335-6338. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02990j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shape control – self-assembly of ligands into different morphologies directs their ability to bind heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik Laurini
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Paola Posocco
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- Department of Engineering and Architectures (DEA)
- University of Trieste
- Trieste
- Italy
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29
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Zou H, Wang C, Yuan W, Wang S, Li M. Functional micelles formed from glucose-, thermo- and pH-triple responsive copolymers for controlled release. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spherical micelles self-assembled from the block copolymer PPBDEMA-b-PDMAEMA presented glucose, thermo- and pH-triple responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- Institute of Intervention Vessel
- Shanghai 10th People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Chunyao Wang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel
- Shanghai 10th People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- Institute of Intervention Vessel
- Shanghai 10th People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
| | - Shanfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- The University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Maoquan Li
- Institute of Intervention Vessel
- Shanghai 10th People's Hospital
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 201804
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