1
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Roque-Borda CA, Carnero Canales CS, Primo LMDG, Colturato VMM, Polinário G, Di Filippo LD, Duarte JL, Chorilli M, da Silva Barud H, Pavan FR. Cellulose from bacteria as a delivery system for improved treatment of infectious diseases: A review of updates and prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133831. [PMID: 39084978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose from bacteria is a high-purity biomaterial naturally produced by bacteria as part of their metabolic process. Although it inherently lacks antimicrobial activity, its modification with bioactive substances can significantly enhance its efficacy beyond that of the original compounds. This biomaterial features a unique ability to retain substantial quantities of liquids within its three-dimensional network, making it a prime candidate for biomedical applications. Versatile in its properties, it can be utilized across various industries. Previous research has highlighted its capacity to exhibit antimicrobial properties and to encapsulate nanostructured materials, thereby augmenting its antibacterial effectiveness. This review focuses on the use of cellulose from bacteria as a carrier for active compounds, specifically targeting antibacterial activity against drug-resistant strains. We explore its role in innovative bacterial cellulose-based systems, which present a promising solution for tackling bacterial resistance. This review aims to showcase the potential of bacterial cellulose in developing new devices and treatment strategies that address critical concerns in global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Bioquímicas y Biotecnológicas, Arequipa, Peru.
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Polinário
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Jonatas L Duarte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Hernane da Silva Barud
- University of Araraquara (UNIARA), Biopolymers and Biomaterials Laboratory (BIOPOLMAT), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil.
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2
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Wang Y, Wang X, Liu X, Lin B. Research Progress on Strategies for Improving the Enzyme Properties of Bacteriophage Endolysins. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1189-1196. [PMID: 38693045 PMCID: PMC11239441 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is one of the major challenges to be solved today. Bacteriophage endolysins (Lysins) have become a hot research topic as a new class of antibacterial agents. They have promising applications in bacterial infection prevention and control in multiple fields, such as livestock and poultry farming, food safety, clinical medicine and pathogen detection. However, many phage endolysins display low bactericidal activities, short half-life and narrow lytic spectrums. Therefore, some methods have been used to improve the enzyme properties (bactericidal activity, lysis spectrum, stability and targeting the substrate, etc) of bacteriophage endolysins, including deletion or addition of domains, DNA mutagenesis, chimerization of domains, fusion to the membrane-penetrating peptides, fusion with domains targeting outer membrane transport systems, encapsulation, the usage of outer membrane permeabilizers. In this review, research progress on the strategies for improving their enzyme properties are systematically presented, with a view to provide references for the development of lysins with excellent performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Wang
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan 528300, P.R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
| | - Bokun Lin
- Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan 528300, P.R. China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, P.R. China
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3
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Zheng T, Zhang C. Engineering strategies and challenges of endolysin as an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14465. [PMID: 38593316 PMCID: PMC11003714 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysin is a novel antibacterial agent that has attracted much attention in the prevention and control of drug-resistant bacteria due to its unique mechanism of hydrolysing peptidoglycans. Although endolysin exhibits excellent bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria, the presence of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria makes it difficult to lyse them extracellularly, thus limiting their application field. To enhance the extracellular activity of endolysin and facilitate its crossing through the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, researchers have adopted physical, chemical, and molecular methods. This review summarizes the characterization of endolysin targeting Gram-negative bacteria, strategies for endolysin modification, and the challenges and future of engineering endolysin against Gram-negative bacteria in clinical applications, to promote the application of endolysin in the prevention and control of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zheng
- Bathurst Future Agri‐Tech InstituteQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
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4
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Selvaraj S, Chauhan A, Dutta V, Verma R, Rao SK, Radhakrishnan A, Ghotekar S. A state-of-the-art review on plant-derived cellulose-based green hydrogels and their multifunctional role in advanced biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130991. [PMID: 38521336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The most prevalent carbohydrate on Earth is cellulose, a polysaccharide composed of glucose units that may be found in diverse sources, such as cell walls of wood and plants and some bacterial and algal species. The inherent availability of this versatile material provides a natural pathway for exploring and identifying novel uses. This study comprehensively analyzes cellulose and its derivatives, exploring their structural and biochemical features and assessing their wide-ranging applications in tissue fabrication, surgical dressings, and pharmaceutical delivery systems. The use of diverse cellulose particles as fundamental components gives rise to materials with distinct microstructures and characteristics, fulfilling the requirements of various biological applications. Although cellulose boasts substantial potential across various sectors, its exploration has predominantly unfolded within industrial realms, leaving the biomedical domain somewhat overlooked in its initial stages. This investigation, therefore, endeavors to shed light on the contemporary strides made in synthesizing cellulose and its derivatives. These innovative techniques give rise to distinctive attributes, presenting a treasure trove of advantages for their compelling integration into the intricate tapestry of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Selvaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankush Chauhan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vishal Dutta
- University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ritesh Verma
- Department of Physics, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Subha Krishna Rao
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute for Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Arunkumar Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. Devkiba Mohansinhji Chauhan College of Commerce and Science (University of Mumbai), Silvassa 396230, UT of DNH & DD, India.
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5
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Eldin ZE, Dishisha T, Sayed OM, Salama HM, Farghali A. A novel synergistic enzyme-antibiotic therapy with immobilization of mycobacteriophage Lysin B enzyme onto Rif@UiO-66 nanocomposite for enhanced inhaled anti-TB therapy; Nanoenzybiotics approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129675. [PMID: 38280693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant and phage-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) necessitates improving new therapeutic plans. The objective of the current work was to ensure the effectiveness of rifampicin and the mycobacteriophage LysB D29 (LysB)enzyme in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection, where new and safe metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles were used in combination. UiO-66 nanoparticles were synthesized under mild conditions in which the antimycobacterial agent (rifampicin) was loaded (Rif@UiO-66) and LysB D29 enzyme immobilized onto Rif@UiO-66, which were further characterized. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of different ratios of Rif@UiO-66 and LysB/Rif@uio-66 against the nonpathogenic tuberculosis model Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Impressively, the MIC of LysB/Rif@uio-66 was 16-fold lower than that of pure rifampicin. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies proved that LysB/Rif@UiO-66 is a highly biocompatible therapy for pulmonary infection. A biodistribution assay showed that LysB/Rif@UiO-66 showed a 5.31-fold higher drug concentration in the lungs than free rifampicin. A synergistic interaction between UiO-66, rifampicin and the mycobacteriophage lysB D29 enzyme was shown in the computational method (docking). Therefore, all results indicated that the LysB/Rif@UiO-66 nanocomposite exhibited promising innovative enzyme-antibiotic therapy for tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zienab E Eldin
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ossama M Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Salama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
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6
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Dzuvor CKO, Shen HH, Haritos VS, He L. Coassembled Multicomponent Protein Nanoparticles Elicit Enhanced Antibacterial Activity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4478-4494. [PMID: 38266175 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The waning pipeline of the useful antibacterial arsenal has necessitated the urgent development of more effective antibacterial strategies with distinct mechanisms to rival the continuing emergence of resistant pathogens, particularly Gram-negative bacteria, due to their explicit drug-impermeable, two-membrane-sandwiched cell wall envelope. Herein, we have developed multicomponent coassembled nanoparticles with strong bactericidal activity and simultaneous bacterial cell envelope targeting using a peptide coassembly strategy. Compared to the single-component self-assembled nanoparticle counterparts or cocktail mixtures of these at a similar concentration, coassembled multicomponent nanoparticles showed higher bacterial killing efficiency against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by several orders of magnitude (about 100-1,000,000-fold increase). Comprehensive confocal and electron microscopy suggest that the superior antibacterial activity of the coassembled nanoparticles proceeds via multiple complementary mechanisms of action, including membrane destabilization, disruption, and cell wall hydrolysis, actions that were not observed with the single nanoparticle counterparts. To understand the fundamental working mechanisms behind the improved performance of coassembled nanoparticles, we utilized a "dilution effect" system where the antibacterial components are intermolecularly mixed and coassembled with a non-antibacterial protein in the nanoparticles. We suggest that coassembled nanoparticles mediate enhanced bacterial killing activity by attributes such as optimized local concentration, high avidity, cooperativity, and synergy. The nanoparticles showed no cytotoxic or hemolytic activity against tested eukaryotic cells and erythrocytes. Collectively, these findings reveal potential strategies for disrupting the impermeable barrier that Gram-negative pathogens leverage to restrict antibacterial access and may serve as a platform technology for potential nano-antibacterial design to strengthen the declining antibiotic arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K O Dzuvor
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria S Haritos
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lizhong He
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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7
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Khan FM, Chen JH, Zhang R, Liu B. A comprehensive review of the applications of bacteriophage-derived endolysins for foodborne bacterial pathogens and food safety: recent advances, challenges, and future perspective. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1259210. [PMID: 37869651 PMCID: PMC10588457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1259210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are caused by food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, a critical threat to human health. As a novel antibacterial agent against foodborne pathogens, endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages that lyse bacterial cells by targeting their cell wall, notably in Gram-positive bacteria due to their naturally exposed peptidoglycan layer. These lytic enzymes have gained scientists' interest in recent years due to their selectivity, mode of action, engineering potential, and lack of resistance mechanisms. The use of endolysins for food safety has undergone significant improvements, which are summarized and discussed in this review. Endolysins can remove bacterial biofilms of foodborne pathogens and their cell wall-binding domain can be employed as a tool for quick detection of foodborne pathogens. We explained the applications of endolysin for eliminating pathogenic bacteria in livestock and various food matrices, as well as the limitations and challenges in use as a dietary supplement. We also highlight the novel techniques of the development of engineering endolysin for targeting Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, endolysin is safe and effective against foodborne pathogens and has no adverse effect on human cells and beneficial microbiota. As a result, endolysin could be employed as a functional bio-preservative agent to improve food stability and safety and maintain the natural taste of food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mehmood Khan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie-Hua Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Voisin H, Bonnin E, Marquis M, Alvarado C, Lafon S, Lopez-Leon T, Jamme F, Capron I. Interactions between proteins and cellulose in a liquid crystalline media: Design of a droplet based experimental platform. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125488. [PMID: 37353113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Model systems are needed to provide controlled environment for the understanding of complex phenomena. Interaction between polysaccharides and proteins in dense medium are involved in numerous complex systems such as biomass conversion or plant use for food processing or biobased materials. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used to study proteins in a dense and organized cellulosic environment. This environment was designed within microdroplets using a microfluidic setup, and applied to two proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a GH7 endoglucanase, relevant to food and plant science, respectively. The CNC at 56.5 g/L organized in liquid crystalline structure and the distribution of the proteins was probed using synchrotron deep-UV radiation. The proteins were homogeneously distributed throughout the volume, but BSA significantly disturbed the droplet global organization, preferring partition in hydrophilic external micelles. In contrast, GH7 partitioned with the CNCs showing stronger non-polar interaction but without disruption of the system organization. Such results pave the road for the development of more complex polysaccharides - proteins in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Lafon
- Laboratoire Gulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Teresa Lopez-Leon
- Laboratoire Gulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Jamme
- DISCO Beamline, SOLEIL Synchrotron, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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9
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Li H, Pan Y, Lan Y, Yang Z, Rao J, Chen B. Molecular interaction mechanism and structure–activity relationships of protein–polyphenol complexes revealed by side-directed spin labeling-electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) spectroscopy. Food Chem 2023; 402:134354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Zhang T, An W, Sun J, Duan F, Shao Z, Zhang F, Jiang T, Deng X, Boyer C, Gao W. N-Terminal Lysozyme Conjugation to a Cationic Polymer Enhances Antimicrobial Activity and Overcomes Antimicrobial Resistance. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8294-8303. [PMID: 36239583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is one of the greatest global healthcare challenges. There is an urgent need to develop effective strategies to overcome antimicrobial resistance. We, herein, report photoinduced in situ growth of a cationic polymer from the N-terminus of lysozyme. The attachment of the cationic polymer improves the proteolytic and thermal stability of lysozyme. Notably, the conjugate can efficiently overcome lysozyme resistance in Gram-positive bacteria and antibiotics-resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, which may be ascribed to the synergistic interactions of lysozyme and the cationic polymer with the bacteria to disrupt their cell membranes. In a rat periodontitis model, the lysozyme-polymer conjugate not only greatly outperforms lysozyme in therapeutic efficacy but also is superior to minocycline hydrochloride, which is the gold standard for periodontitis therapy. These findings may provide an efficient strategy to dramatically enhance the antimicrobial activities of lysozyme and pave a way to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wei An
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Duan
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeyu Shao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Weiping Gao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Health Science Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Dzuvor CKO, Shanbhag BK, Younas T, Shen HH, Haritos VS, He L. Engineering Self-Assembled Endolysin Nanoparticles against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4993-5003. [PMID: 36194892 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a serious global health concern and has stimulated the development of antimicrobial nanomaterials to combat resistant bacteria. Protein-based nanoparticles combining characteristics of both proteins and nanoparticles offer advantages including high biocompatibility, attractive biodegradability, enhanced bioavailability and functional versatility. They have played an increasing role as promising candidates for broad applications ranging from biocatalysts and drug delivery to vaccine development to cancer therapeutics. However, their application as antibacterial biomaterials to address challenging antibiotic-resistance problems has not been explicitly pursued. Herein, we describe engineering protein-only nanoparticles against resistant Gram-positive bacteria. A self-assembling peptide (P114) enables the assembly of a phage lytic enzyme (P128) into nanoparticles in response to pH reduction. Compared to native P128 and monomeric P114-P128, P128 nanoparticles (P128NANO) demonstrated a stronger bactericidal ability with high potency at lower concentrations (2-3-fold lower), particularly for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. In addition, P128NANO showed an enhanced thermal (up to 65 °C) and storage stability and elicited extensive damages to bacterial cell walls. These remarkable antibacterial abilities are likely due to the P128NANO nanostructure, mediating multivalent interactions with bacterial cell walls at increased local concentrations of endolysin. The engineered endolysin nanoparticles offer a promising antimicrobial alternative to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K O Dzuvor
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bhuvana K Shanbhag
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tayyaba Younas
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria S Haritos
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lizhong He
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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12
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Abdelhamid HN, Mathew AP. Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials Advance Biomedicine: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5405. [PMID: 35628218 PMCID: PMC9140895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are various biomaterials, but none fulfills all requirements. Cellulose biopolymers have advanced biomedicine to satisfy high market demand and circumvent many ecological concerns. This review aims to present an overview of cellulose knowledge and technical biomedical applications such as antibacterial agents, antifouling, wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and bone regeneration. It includes an extensive bibliography of recent research findings from fundamental and applied investigations. Cellulose-based materials are tailorable to obtain suitable chemical, mechanical, and physical properties required for biomedical applications. The chemical structure of cellulose allows modifications and simple conjugation with several materials, including nanoparticles, without tedious efforts. They render the applications cheap, biocompatible, biodegradable, and easy to shape and process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Advanced Multifunctional Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Aji P. Mathew
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
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13
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Lee C, Kim H, Ryu S. Bacteriophage and endolysin engineering for biocontrol of food pathogens/pathogens in the food: recent advances and future trends. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8919-8938. [PMID: 35400249 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in modern technologies, various foodborne outbreaks have continuously threatened the food safety. The overuse of and abuse/misuse of antibiotics have escalated this threat due to the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Therefore, the development of new methodologies for controlling microbial contamination is extremely important to ensure the food safety. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages(phages) and derived endolysins have been proposed as novel, effective, and safe antimicrobial agents and applied for the prevention and/or eradication of bacterial contaminants even in foods and food processing facilities. In this review, we describe recent genetic and protein engineering tools for phages and endolysins. The major aim of engineering is to overcome limitations such as a narrow host range, low antimicrobial activity, and low stability of phages and endolysins. Phage engineering also aims to deter the emergence of phage resistance. In the case of endolysin engineering, enhanced antibacterial ability against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is another important goal. Here, we summarize the successful studies of phages and endolysins treatment in different types of food. Moreover, this review highlights the recent advances in engineering techniques for phages and endolysins, discusses existing challenges, and suggests technical opportunities for further development, especially in terms of antimicrobial agents in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongsoon Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang H, Luan Q, Li Y, Wang J, Bao Y, Tang H, Huang F. Fabrication of highly porous, functional cellulose-based microspheres for potential enzyme carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 199:61-68. [PMID: 34954297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present highly porous, cellulose-based microspheres using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) TEMPO-oxidized cellulose fibers (TOCFs) as starting materials. The TOCFs were first dissolved in NaOH/urea solvent and transformed into microspheres via an emulsification method. The carboxyl groups on the surface of TOCFs were successfully carried on the cellulose-based microspheres, which provides them numerous reacting or binding sites, allowing them to be easily functionalized or immobilized with biomolecules for multi-functional applications. Furthermore, the introduction of magnetic nanoparticles awards these microspheres magnetic properties, allowing them to be attracted by a magnetic field. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the application of using these carboxylate cellulose-based microspheres for enzyme immobilization. The cellulose-based microspheres can successfully create stable covalent bonds with enzymes after the activation of carboxyl groups. The enhanced pH tolerance, thermal stability, convenient recovery, and reusability position the emulsified microspheres as promising carriers for enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qian Luan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yan Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuping Bao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hu Tang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan 430062, China.
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15
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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16
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Ariaeenejad S, Kavousi K, Maleki M, Motamedi E, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Hosseini Salekdeh G. Application of free and immobilized novel bifunctional biocatalyst in biotransformation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131412. [PMID: 34329139 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an innovative, green, and practical biocatalyst was developed using conjugation of a novel bifunctional mannanase/xylanase biocatalyst (PersiManXyn1) to the modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Firstly, PersiManXyn1 was multi-stage in-silico screened from rumen macrobiota, and then cloned, expressed, and purified. Next, CNCs were synthesized from sugar beet pulp using enzymatic and acid hydrolysis processes, and then Fe3O4 NPs were anchored on their surface to produce magnetic CNCs (MCNCs). This hybrid was modified by dopamine providing DA/MCNCs nano-carrier. The bifunctional PersiManXyn1 demonstrated the superior hydrolysis activity on corn cob compared with the monofunctional xylanase enzyme (PersiXyn2). Moreover, the immobilization of PersiManXyn1 on the nano-carrier resulted in an improvement of the thermal stability, kinetic parameters (Kcat), and storage stability of the enzyme. Incorporation of the Fe3O4 NPs on the CNCs made magnetic nano-carrier with high magnetization value (25.8 emu/g) which exhibited rapid response toward the external magnetic fields. Hence, the immobilized biocatalyst could be easily separated from the products by a magnet, and reused up to 8 cycles with maintaining more than 50% of its original activity. The immobilized PersiManXyn1 generated 22.2%, 38.7%, and 35.1% more reducing sugars after 168 h hydrolysis of the sugar beet pulp, coffee waste, and rice straw, respectively, compared to the free enzyme. Based on the results, immobilization of the bifunctional PersiManXyn1 exhibited the superb performance of the enzyme to improve the conversion of the lignocellulosic wastes into high value products and develop the cost-competition biomass operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Kaveh Kavousi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Maleki
- Department of Systems and synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Elaheh Motamedi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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17
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Ho MKY, Zhang P, Chen X, Xia J, Leung SSY. Bacteriophage endolysins against gram-positive bacteria, an overview on the clinical development and recent advances on the delivery and formulation strategies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:303-326. [PMID: 34478359 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1962803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Facing the increasing threat of multi-drug antimicrobial resistance (AMR), humans strive to search for antibiotic drug candidates and antibacterial alternatives from all possible places, from soils in remote areas to deep in the sea. In this "gold rush for antibacterials," researchers turn to the natural enemy of bacterial cells, bacteriophage (phages), and find them a rich source of weapons for AMR bacteria. Endolysins (lysins), the enzymes phages use to break the bacterial cells from within, have been shown to be highly selective and efficient in killing their target bacteria from outside while maintaining a low occurrence of bacterial resistance. In this review, we start with the structures and mechanisms of action of lysins against Gram-positive (GM+) bacteria. The developmental history of lysins is also outlined. Then, we detail the latest preclinical and clinical research on their safety and efficacy against GM+ bacteria, focusing on the formulation strategies of these enzymes. Finally, the challenges and potential hurdles are discussed. Notwithstanding these limitations, the trends in development indicate that the first, approved lysin drugs will be available soon in the near future. Overall, this review presents a timely summary of the current progress on lysins as antibacterial enzymes for AMR GM+ bacteria, and provides a guidebook for biomaterial researchers who are dedicating themselves to the battle against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kai Yuen Ho
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Chen X, Liu M, Zhang P, Leung SSY, Xia J. Membrane-Permeable Antibacterial Enzyme against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2192-2204. [PMID: 34232613 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins (lysins, or murein hydrolases) are enzymes that bacteriophages utilize to degrade the cell wall peptidoglycans (PG) and subsequently disintegrate bacterial cells from within. Due to their muralytic activity, lysins are considered as potential candidates to battle against antibiotic resistance. However, most lysins in their native form lack the capability of trespassing the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative (G-ve) bacteria. To turn the bacteriophage enzymes into antibacterial weapons against G-ve bacteria, endowing these enzymes the capability of accessing the PG substrate underneath the OM is critical. Here we show that fusing a membrane-permeabilizing peptide CeA at the C-terminus of a muralytic enzyme LysAB2 renders a two-step mechanism of bacterial killing and increases the activity of LysAB2 against the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by up to 100 000-folds. The engineered LysAB2, termed LysAB2-KWK here, also shows remarkable activity against A. baumannii at the stationary phase and a prominent capability to disrupt biofilm formation. In addition, the enzyme shows a broad antibacterial spectrum against G-ve bacteria, a decent tolerance to serum, and a prolonged storage life. LysAB2-KWK rescues the larva of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella from A. baumannii infection through systemic administration. Altogether, our work equips a globular lysin with OM permeabilization activity to enable effective killing of G-ve bacteria, reveals the critical role of the C-terminus of a globular lysin in the antibacterial activity, and points toward a viable route to engineer globular lysins as antibacterial enzymes for potential clinical use against multidrug resistant G-ve bacteria.
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19
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Lam E, Hemraz UD. Preparation and Surface Functionalization of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1641. [PMID: 34206698 PMCID: PMC8306899 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as a leading biomass-based nanomaterial owing to their unique functional properties and sustainable resourcing. Sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (sCNCs), produced by sulfuric acid-assisted hydrolysis of cellulose, is currently the predominant form of this class of nanomaterial; its utilization leads the way in terms of CNC commercialization activities and industrial applications. The functional properties, including high crystallinity, colloidal stability, and uniform nanoscale dimensions, can also be attained through carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs). Herein, we review recent progress in methods and feedstock materials for producing cCNCs, describe their functional properties, and discuss the initial successes in their applications. Comparisons are made to sCNCs to highlight some of the inherent advantages that cCNCs may possess in similar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usha D. Hemraz
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada;
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20
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Sun X, Wu Q, Picha DH, Ferguson MH, Ndukwe IE, Azadi P. Comparative performance of bio-based coatings formulated with cellulose, chitin, and chitosan nanomaterials suitable for fruit preservation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117764. [PMID: 33674020 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable nanomaterials (SNMs) from wood, sugarcane and crab shell were prepared and used to coat selected fruits. The properties of SNMs and selected fruits were characterized and strawberry was used as an example to test antifungal activity and freshness preservation of the SNMs. The SNMs with their nano-structured morphology form strong shear-thinning dispersions for easy spraying on fruit surfaces. The fruit surface free energy was influenced by its surface morphology, predominant surface wax components, and cutin monomers. The antifungal activity of SNMs was influenced by their surface functional groups and particle size (crystals vs fibers). The coblend of wood nanocrystals (WCNCs) and chitosan nanofiber (CSNFs) exhibited the best antifungal property, which was comparable with the performance of the fungicide thiabendazole (80 mg L-1). The weight loss and color change of the WCNC/CSNF coated strawberries decreased by nearly half compared with the control samples, showing coating effectiveness on preserving fruit freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxuan Sun
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States.
| | - David H Picha
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States
| | - Mary Helen Ferguson
- Tangipahoa Parish Extension Office, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Amite City, LA, 70422, United States
| | - Ikenna E Ndukwe
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
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21
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Weiss AM, Macke N, Zhang Y, Calvino C, Esser-Kahn AP, Rowan SJ. In Vitro and in Vivo Analyses of the Effects of Source, Length, and Charge on the Cytotoxicity and Immunocompatibility of Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1450-1461. [PMID: 33689287 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are an emergent, sustainable nanomaterial that are biosourced, abundant, and biodegradable. On account of their high aspect ratio, low density, and mechanical rigidity, they have been employed in numerous areas of biomedical research including as reinforcing materials for bone or tissue scaffolds or as carriers in drug delivery systems. Given the promise of these materials for such use, characterizing and understanding their interactions with biological systems is an important step to prevent toxicity or inflammation. Reported herein are studies aimed at exploring the in vitro and in vivo effects that the source, length, and charge of the CNCs have on cytotoxicity and immune response. CNCs from four different biosources (cotton, wood, Miscanthus x Giganteus, and sea tunicate) were prepared and functionalized with positive or negative charges to obtain a small library of CNCs with a range of dimensions and surface charge. A method to remove endotoxic or other impurities on the CNC surface leftover from the isolation process was developed, and the biocompatibility of the CNCs was subsequently assayed in vitro and in vivo. After subcutaneous injection, it was found that unfunctionalized (uncharged) CNCs form aggregates at the site of injection, inducing splenomegaly and neutrophil infiltration, while charged CNCs having surface carboxylates, sulfate half-esters, or primary amines were biologically inert. No effect of the particle source or length was observed in the in vitro and in vivo studies conducted. The lack of an in vitro or in vivo immune response toward charged CNCs in these experiments supports their use in future biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Nicholas Macke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yefei Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Céline Calvino
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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22
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Wu T, Kummer N, De France KJ, Campioni S, Zeng Z, Siqueira G, Dong J, Nyström G. Nanocellulose-lysozyme colloidal gels via electrostatic complexation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117021. [PMID: 33142582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biohybrid colloids were fabricated based on electrostatic complexation between anionic TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TO-CNF) and cationic hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). By altering the loading of HEWL, physical colloidal complexes can be obtained at a relatively low concentration of TO-CNF (0.1 wt%). At neutral pH, increasing the HEWL loading induces an increase in charge screening, as probed by zeta-potential, resulting in enhanced TO-CNF aggregation and colloidal gel formation. Systematic rheological testing shows that mechanical reinforcement of the prepared biohybrid gels is easily achieved by increasing the loading of HEWL. However, due to the relatively weak nature of electrostatic complexation, the formed colloidal gels exhibit partial destruction when subjected to cyclic shear stresses. Still, they resist thermo-cycling up to 90 °C. Finally, the pH responsiveness of the colloidal complex gels was demonstrated by adjusting pH to above and below the isoelectric point of HEWL, representing a facile mechanism to tune the gelation of TO-CNF/HEWL complexes. This work highlights the potential of using electrostatic complexation between HEWL and TO-CNF to form hybrid colloids, and demonstrates the tunability of the colloidal morphology and rheology by adjusting the ratio between the two components and the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin J De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Campioni
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Zhihui Zeng
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
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23
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Khanjanzadeh H, Park BD. Optimum oxidation for direct and efficient extraction of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals from recycled MDF fibers by ammonium persulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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De France KJ, Kummer N, Ren Q, Campioni S, Nyström G. Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystal–Lysozyme Composite Films with Varied Lysozyme Morphology. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5139-5147. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. De France
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nico Kummer
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9041 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Campioni
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Laboratory for Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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25
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Li Q, Pan Y, Li H, Alhalhooly L, Li Y, Chen B, Choi Y, Yang Z. Size-Tunable Metal-Organic Framework-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Enzyme Encapsulation and Large-Substrate Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41794-41801. [PMID: 32830486 PMCID: PMC7501215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Immobilizing enzymes on nanoparticles (NPs) enhances the cost-efficiency of biocatalysis; however, when the substrates are large, it becomes difficult to separate the enzyme@NP from the products while avoiding leaching or damage of enzymes in the reaction medium. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-coated magnetic NPs (MNPs) offer efficient magnetic separation and enhanced enzyme protection; however, the involved enzymes/substrates have to be smaller than the MOF apertures. A potential solution to these challenges is coprecipitating metal/ligand with enzymes on the MNP surface, which can partially bury (protect) the enzyme below the composite surface while exposing the rest of the enzyme to the reaction medium for catalysis of larger substrates. Here, to prove this concept, we show that using Ca2+ and terephthalic acid (BDC), large-substrate enzymes can be encapsulated in CaBDC-MOF layers coated on MNPs via an enzyme-friendly, aqueous-phase one-pot synthesis. Interestingly, we found that using MNPs as the nuclei of crystallization, the composite size can be tuned so that nanoscale composites were formed under low Ca2+/BDC concentrations, while microscale composites were formed under high Ca2+/BDC concentrations. While the microscale composites showed significantly enhanced reusability against a non-structured large substrate, the nanoscale composites displayed enhanced catalytic efficiency against a rigid, crystalline-like large substrate, starch, likely due to the improved diffusivity of the nanoscale composites. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on aqueous-phase one-pot synthesis of size-tunable enzyme@MOF/MNP composites for large-substrate biocatalysis. Our platform can be applied to immobilize other large-substrate enzymes with enhanced reusability and tunable sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Lina Alhalhooly
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles California 90089, United States
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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De Maesschalck V, Gutiérrez D, Paeshuyse J, Lavigne R, Briers Y. Advanced engineering of third-generation lysins and formulation strategies for clinical applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:548-564. [PMID: 32886565 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1809346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the possible solutions for the current antibiotic resistance crisis may be found in (often bacteriophage-derived) peptidoglycan hydrolases. The first clinical trials of these natural enzymes, coined here as first-generation lysins, are currently ongoing. Moving beyond natural endolysins with protein engineering established the second generation of lysins. In second-generation lysins, the focus lies on improving antibacterial and biochemical properties such as antimicrobial activity and stability, as well as expanding their activities towards Gram-negative pathogens. However, solutions to particular key challenges regarding clinical applications are only beginning to emerge in the third generation of lysins, in which protein and biochemical engineering efforts focus on improving properties relevant under clinical conditions. In addition, increasingly advanced formulation strategies are developed to increase the bioavailability, antibacterial activity, and half-life, and to reduce pro-inflammatory responses. This review focuses on third-generation and advanced formulation strategies that are developed to treat infections, ranging from topical to systemic applications. Together, these efforts may fully unlock the potential of lysin therapy and will propel it as a true antibiotic alternative or supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent De Maesschalck
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Diana Gutiérrez
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Briers
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Bacteriophage-derived endolysins to target gram-negative bacteria. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119833. [PMID: 32877733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins (lysins) have emerged as a novel class of antibacterial agents to combat the surging antibiotic resistance. Lysins have specific structures and mechanisms to exert antibacterial effect against both Gram-positive (G+ve) and Gram-negative (G-ve) bacteria. However, its use against G-ve bacteria is limited because the outer membrane (OM) of G-ve bacteria hinders the permeation of exogenously applied lysins. Besides identifying lysins with intrinsic OM permeability, several other approaches including combining lysins with outer membrane permeabilizers (OMPs), protein engineering and formulating with nanocarriers have been proposed to enhance the permeability and activity of lysins. In the present review, we summarize strategies that have been developed to enable lysins to target G-ve bacteria in the past decade. While lysins demonstrates clear potential in managing bacterial infections caused by the drug-resistant G-ve bacteria, there are still challenges hindering their translation into clinical settings, including safety issues with OMP use, low efficiency against stationary phase bacteria and problems in stability. The applicability of protein engineering and formulation sciences to improve enzyme stability, and combination therapy with other classes of antibacterial agents to maximize the therapeutic potential have also been reviewed.
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Wang L, Hu J, Liu Y, Shu J, Wu H, Wang Z, Pan X, Zhang N, Zhou L, Zhang J. Ionic Liquids Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals for High-Strength and Toughness PVA Nanocomposite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38796-38804. [PMID: 32805936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is of significant importance for promoting its diverse applications. However, the efficient strategy reported so far for cation functionalization of CNCs remains limited owing to the electrostatic attraction between cationic modifiers and electronegative CNCs. Herein, a cationized CNC (CNC-LA-IL) has been successfully prepared in aqueous media by grafting the [VBIm][BF4], a kind of ionic liquid (IL), on the surface of a sulfated CNC using lactic acid (LA) as a linker molecule. This surface functionalization not only converts the negative charge of CNC suspensions to a positive charge (zeta potential reversed from -35 to +40 mV) but also leads to enhanced thermal stability and redispersibility of the dried CNC. To examine the reinforcing effect of IL-modified CNCs, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/CNC-LA-IL nanocomposite films were further prepared by the solution casting method. To one's surprise, the as-prepared PVA/CNC-LA-IL films exhibit extraordinary improvement in both the tensile strength (92%) and the toughness (166%) with only a 0.3 wt % CNC loading. This study provides a green and facile method to achieve ionic liquids grafted CNCs for high-performance nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jie Shu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Soochow University, Renai Road 199, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaozhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaolong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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Koshani R, van de Ven TGM. Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Developed by Cu-Assisted H 2O 2 Oxidation as Green Nanocarriers for Efficient Lysozyme Immobilization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5938-5950. [PMID: 32330021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), having a high specific surface area and versatile surface chemistry, provide considerable potential to interact by various mechanisms with enzymes for nano-immobilization purposes. However, engineering chemically safe CNCs, suitable for edible administrations, presents a significant challenge. A reliable carboxylate form of H-CNCs was formed using H2O2 oxidation of softwood pulp under mild thermal conditions. Negatively charged carboxyl groups (∼0.9 mmol g-1) played a key role in lysozyme immobilization via electrostatic interactions and covalent linkages, as evidenced by Fourier transform infrared and 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Adsorption isotherms showed a high loading capacity of H-CNCs (∼240 mg g-1), and fitting the data to the Langmuir model confirmed monolayer coverage of lysozyme on their surface. Using a non-toxic coupling agent, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride, lysozyme-conjugated H-CNCs were developed with an immobilization yield of ∼65% and relative catalytic activity of ∼60%, similar to lysozyme adsorption on H-CNCs. These H-CNC-lysozyme nanohybrids, rationally processed via safe and green strategies, are specifically exploitable as catalytically active emulsifiers in food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Koshani
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Pulp and Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials, Pulp and Paper Research Centre, McGill University, 3420 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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Farmakes J, Schuster I, Overby A, Alhalhooly L, Lenertz M, Li Q, Ugrinov A, Choi Y, Pan Y, Yang Z. Enzyme Immobilization on Graphite Oxide (GO) Surface via One-Pot Synthesis of GO/Metal-Organic Framework Composites for Large-Substrate Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23119-23126. [PMID: 32338863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although enzyme immobilization has improved many areas, biocatalysis involving large-size substrates is still challenging for immobilization platform design because of the protein damage under the often "harsh" reaction conditions required for these reactions. Our recent efforts indicate the potential of using Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) to partially confine enzymes on the surface of MOF-based composites while offering sufficient substrate contact. Still, improvements are required to expand the feasible pH range and the efficiency of contacting substrates. In this contribution, we discovered that Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF) and a new calcium-carboxylate based MOF (CaBDC) can both be coprecipitated with a model large-substrate enzyme, lysozyme (lys), to anchor the enzyme on the surface of graphite oxide (GO). We observed lys activity against its native substrate, bacterial cell walls, indicating lys was confined on composite surface. Remarkably, lys@GO/CaBDC displayed a stronger catalytic efficiency at pH 6.2 as compared to pH 7.4, indicating CaBDC is a good candidate for biocatalysis under acidic conditions as compared to ZIFs which disassemble under pH < 7. Furthermore, to understand the regions of lys being exposed to the reaction medium, we carried out a site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy study. Our data showed a preferential orientation of lys in GO/ZIF composite, whereas a random orientation in GO/CaBDC. This is the first report on immobilizing solution-state large-substrate enzymes on GO surface using two different MOFs via one-pot synthesis. These platforms can be generalized to other large-substrate enzymes to carry out catalysis under the optimal buffer/pH conditions. The orientation of enzyme at the molecular level on composite surfaces is critical for guiding the rational design of new composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Isabelle Schuster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Amanda Overby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Lina Alhalhooly
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Mary Lenertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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Tavakolian M, Jafari SM, van de Ven TGM. A Review on Surface-Functionalized Cellulosic Nanostructures as Biocompatible Antibacterial Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:73. [PMID: 34138290 PMCID: PMC7770792 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant biopolymer on the earth, cellulose has recently gained significant attention in the development of antibacterial biomaterials. Biodegradability, renewability, strong mechanical properties, tunable aspect ratio, and low density offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cellulose in various fields. Owing to the high number of reactive groups (i.e., hydroxyl groups) on the cellulose surface, it can be readily functionalized with various functional groups, such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and amines, leading to diverse properties. In addition, the ease of surface modification of cellulose expands the range of compounds which can be grafted onto its structure, such as proteins, polymers, metal nanoparticles, and antibiotics. There are many studies in which cellulose nano-/microfibrils and nanocrystals are used as a support for antibacterial agents. However, little is known about the relationship between cellulose chemical surface modification and its antibacterial activity or biocompatibility. In this study, we have summarized various techniques for surface modifications of cellulose nanostructures and its derivatives along with their antibacterial and biocompatibility behavior to develop non-leaching and durable antibacterial materials. Despite the high effectiveness of surface-modified cellulosic antibacterial materials, more studies on their mechanism of action, the relationship between their properties and their effectivity, and more in vivo studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Tavakolian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Theo G M van de Ven
- Pulp and Paper Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Quebec Centre for Advanced Materials (QCAM/CQMF), Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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32
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Co-immobilization of cellobiose dehydrogenase and deoxyribonuclease I on chitosan nanoparticles against fungal/bacterial polymicrobial biofilms targeting both biofilm matrix and microorganisms. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles-Lysozyme Nanohybrid System with Synergistic Antibacterial Properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:510. [PMID: 31949299 PMCID: PMC6965607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the light of promising potency of selenium nanoparticles in biomedical applications, this is the first study to report the synergistic antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles and lysozyme. The nanohybrid system was prepared with various concentrations of each component. Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was compared in the presence of individual Nano and Bio counterparts as well as the nanohybrid system. Upon interaction of SeNPs with Lysozyme, the nanohybrid system efficiently enhanced the antibacterial activity compared to the protein. Therefore, SeNPs play an important role in inhibition of bacterial growth at very low concentrations of protein; whereas very high amount of the protein is required to inhibit bacterial growth individually. On the other hand, lysozyme has also played a vital role in antibacterial property of SeNPs, inducing 100% inhibition at very low concentration of each component. Hence, presence of both nano and bio counterparts induced vital interplay in the Nanohybrid system. The aged samples also presented good stability of SeNPs both as the intact and complex form. Results of this effort highlight design of nanohybrid systems with synergistic antibacterial properties to overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance as well as to define fruitful applications in biomedicine and food safety.
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Liu Y, Vincent Edwards J, Prevost N, Huang Y, Chen JY. Physico- and bio-activities of nanoscale regenerated cellulose nonwoven immobilized with lysozyme. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 91:389-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Steiert E, Radi L, Fach M, Wich PR. Protein-Based Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Enzymes with Antibacterial Activity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800186. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Steiert
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lydia Radi
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Matthias Fach
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Produktionstorvet Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peter R. Wich
- Institut für Pharmazie und Biochemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Staudingerweg 5 55128 Mainz Germany
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Gerstmans H, Criel B, Briers Y. Synthetic biology of modular endolysins. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:624-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hu B, Shen Y, Adamcik J, Fischer P, Schneider M, Loessner MJ, Mezzenga R. Polyphenol-Binding Amyloid Fibrils Self-Assemble into Reversible Hydrogels with Antibacterial Activity. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3385-3396. [PMID: 29553709 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible connectivity have emerged as a promising platform for biomedical applications. Synthetic copolymers and low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWG) have been shown to form reversible hydrogels through self-assembly of the molecules driven by self-complementary hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Here, inspired by the adhesive proteins secreted by mussels, we found that simply adding natural polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to amyloid fibrils present in the nematic phase, successfully drives the formation of hydrogels through self-assembly of the hybrid supramolecules. The hydrogels show birefringence under polarized light, indicating that the nematic orientation is preserved in the gel phase. Gel stiffness enhances with incubation time and with an increase in molecular ratios between polyphenol and fibrils, fibril concentration, and pH. The hydrogels are shear thinning and thermostable from 25 to 90 °C without any phase transition. The integrity of the trihydroxyl groups, the gallate ester moiety in EGCG, and the hydrophobicity of the polyphenols govern the interactions with the amyloid fibrils and thus the properties of the ensuing hydrogels. The EGCG-binding amyloid fibrils, produced from lysozyme and peptidoglycans, retain the main binding functions of the enzyme, inducing bacterial agglomeration and immobilization on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the antibacterial mechanism of the lysozyme amyloid fibril hydrogels is initiated by membrane disintegration. In combination with the lack of cytotoxicity to human colonic epithelial cells demonstrated for these hybrid supramolecules, a potential role in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria in biomedical applications is suggested, such as in targeting diseases related to infection of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 7 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Jozef Adamcik
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 7 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schneider
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Martin J Loessner
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 7 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9 , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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Duan C, Meng J, Wang X, Meng X, Sun X, Xu Y, Zhao W, Ni Y. Synthesis of novel cellulose- based antibacterial composites of Ag nanoparticles@ metal-organic frameworks@ carboxymethylated fibers. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 193:82-88. [PMID: 29773400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel cellulose-based antibacterial material, namely silver nanoparticles@ metal-organic frameworks@ carboxymethylated fibers composites (Ag NPs@ HKUST-1@ CFs), was synthesized. The results showed that the metal-organic frameworks (HKUST-1) were uniformly anchored on the fiber's surfaces by virtue of complexation between copper ions in HKUST-1 and carboxyl groups on the carboxymethylated fibers (CFs). The silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were immobilized and well-dispersed into the pores and/or onto the surfaces of HKUST-1 via in situ microwave reduction, resulting in the formation of novel Ag NPs@ HKUST-1@ CFs composites. The antibacterial assays showed that the as-prepared composites exhibited a much higher antibacterial activity than Ag NPs@ CFs or HKUST-1@ CFs samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Duan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Jingru Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaole Sun
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yonghao Ni
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3 B 5A3, Canada.
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Pan Y, Neupane S, Farmakes J, Oh M, Bentz K, Choi Y, Yang Z. Insights on the Structure, Molecular Weight and Activity of an Antibacterial Protein-Polymer Hybrid. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:651-658. [PMID: 29131929 PMCID: PMC6122959 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are attractive biomaterials which combine the functions of both proteins and polymers. The bioactivity of these hybrid materials, however, is often reduced upon conjugation. It is important to determine and monitor the protein structure and active site availability in order to optimize the polymer composition, attachment point, and abundance. The challenges in probing these insights are the large size and high complexity in the conjugates. Herein, we overcome the challenges by combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and characterize the structure of antibacterial hybrids formed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and an antibacterial protein. We discovered that the primary reasons for activity loss were PEG blocking the substrate access pathway and/or altering protein surface charges. Our data indicated that the polymers tended to stay away from the protein surface and form a coiled conformation. The structural insights are meaningful for and applicable to the rational design of future hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Sunanda Neupane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Jasmin Farmakes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Myungkeun Oh
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Kylie Bentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Yongki Choi
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, 251 Batcheller Technology Center, Fargo, ND 58105
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, 1211 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND, 58108 (USA),
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Improved antifungal activity and stability of chitosan nanofibers using cellulose nanocrystal on banknote papers. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:229-237. [PMID: 29580404 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms can spread on the surface of banknotes and cause many infectious diseases. Chitosan nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are nanomaterials, which can affect the antimicrobial properties. In this study, the fungal species that grew on the surfaces of collected banknotes from different places were identified. To examine the antifungal effect of the both nanomaterials on the banknotes, the stable coatings using CNFs and CNCs emulsions were prepared by roller coating. The results revealed that the most colonies in the banknotes obtained from the bakeries and butcheries were Aspergillus sp., whereas the colonies in bus terminals and the hospitals were Aspergillus niger and Penicillium, respectively. The results showed that the CNCs had no antifungal effect alone on the aforementioned species, but it could improve the antifungal effect, adhesion, and stability of CNFs on the banknote surfaces. This study suggested a new approach to decrease the infection spreads through banknotes.
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Chen T, Xiao Y, Lu W, Liu S, Gan L, Yu J, Huang J. Facile preparation of core cross-linked nanomicelles based on graft copolymers with pH responsivity and reduction sensitivity for doxorubicin delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:606-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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