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Chen C, Sun W, Wang J, Gardner DJ. Tunable biocomposite films fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals and additives for food packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121315. [PMID: 37739509 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are considered a prospective packaging material to partially replace petroleum-based plastics attributed to their renewability, sustainability, biodegradability, and desirable attributes including transparency, oxygen, and oil barrier properties. However, neat CNC films are rigid and too brittle to handle or utilize for packaging applications. Hence different additives, including sorbitol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitin, and κ-carrageenan (CG) were selected to mix with CNCs for packaging film preparation. The influence of additive categories (plasticizer, nonionic polymer, weak cationic and anionic natural polysaccharide), and their concentrations on the performance of CNC suspensions as well as optical, barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of CNC films were examined. The morphology and physical characterization including density, equilibrium moisture content, contact angle and water durability of the composite films were also determined. Sorbitol and PVA films had the best visible light transparency; mixing with chitin can effectively improve the water durability of CNC films, and CG changed the CNC film from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. Moreover, all CNC films exhibited sufficient oxygen barrier properties, high PVA content films attained the "very high" barrier grade. Thus, durable CNC films can be obtained by adding proper types and amounts of additives, which provides potential scenarios for practical application of CNC films in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Institute of Materials (IMX), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jinwu Wang
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, 1 Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, United States.
| | - Douglas J Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
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2
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Polysaccharides for Biodegradable Packaging Materials: Past, Present, and Future (Brief Review). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020451. [PMID: 36679331 PMCID: PMC9865279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecological problems emerging due to accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics are becoming more and more urgent. This problem can be solved by the development of biodegradable materials which will replace the non-biodegradable ones. Among numerous approaches in this field, there is one proposing the use of polysaccharide-based materials. These polymers are biodegradable, non-toxic, and obtained from renewable resources. This review opens discussion about the application of polysaccharides for the creation of biodegradable packaging materials. There are numerous investigations developing new formulations using cross-linking of polymers, mixing with inorganic (metals, metal oxides, clays) and organic (dyes, essential oils, extracts) compounds. The main emphasis in the present work is made on development of the polymer blends consisting of cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, pectin, alginate, carrageenan with some synthetic polymers, polymers of natural origin, and essential oils.
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3
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Lee S, Hao LT, Park J, Oh DX, Hwang DS. Nanochitin and Nanochitosan: Chitin Nanostructure Engineering with Multiscale Properties for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203325. [PMID: 35639091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanochitin and nanochitosan (with random-copolymer-based multiscale architectures of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units) have recently attracted immense attention for the development of green, sustainable, and advanced functional materials. Nanochitin and nanochitosan are multiscale materials from small oligomers, rod-shaped nanocrystals, longer nanofibers, to hierarchical assemblies of nanofibers. Various physical properties of chitin and chitosan depend on their molecular- and nanostructures; translational research has utilized them for a wide range of applications (biomedical, industrial, environmental, and so on). Instead of reviewing the entire extensive literature on chitin and chitosan, here, recent developments in multiscale-dependent material properties and their applications are highlighted; immune, medical, reinforcing, adhesive, green electrochemical materials, biological scaffolds, and sustainable food packaging are discussed considering the size, shape, and assembly of chitin nanostructures. In summary, new perspectives for the development of sustainable advanced functional materials based on nanochitin and nanochitosan by understanding and engineering their multiscale properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim M, Kim S, Han N, Lee S, Kim H. Understanding viscoelastic behavior of hybrid nanocellulose film based on rheological and electrostatic observation in blended suspension. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Hadrich A, Braca F, Fiori S, Haviv A, Miketa F, Lazzeri A, Staebler A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. Antimicrobial and Gas Barrier Crustaceans and Fungal Chitin-Based Coatings on Biodegradable Bioplastic Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235211. [PMID: 36501606 PMCID: PMC9737123 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin nanofibrils (CN) can be obtained from crustaceans and fungal sources and can be used for preparing coatings for bioplastic films, that are fundamental for developing a safe and sustainable biodegradable food packaging. Coatings with different concentrations of CN from shrimps were applied on different bioplastic substrates, like Poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PBSA/PHBV) blend, Polybutylene succinate (PBS), and Polybutylene adipate terephthalate/Poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend, but the adhesion to the substrates was scarce. On the contrary, the fungal-based CN showed a better adhesion. Additionally, it was found that the use of an additive based on oligomeric lactic acid was useful to prepare a coating with an improved adhesion to bioplastics. The gas barrier properties to oxygen and water vapour of coated and un-coated films were measured, revealing an improvement of these properties thanks to applied coatings, especially towards the oxygen. Antimicrobial properties and biodegradation capacity were also evaluated revealing an antibacterial effect of the coatings that did not significantly interfere with their biodegradability. The results are discussed and interpreted considering the correlation between composition and macromolecular structures with the observed functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
| | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium
| | | | - Stefano Fiori
- Condensia Quimica, C/Junqueras 11-A, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amit Haviv
- TIPA, 6 HaHarash St., Hod Hasharon 4524079, Israel
| | - Filip Miketa
- Bio-Mi Ltd., Put Brdo 15, 51 211 Matulji, Croatia
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via S. Giovanni Bosco 23, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhfer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
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6
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Jung K, Ji Y, Jeong TJ, Ciesielski PN, Meredith JC, Harris TAL. Roll-to-Roll, Dual-Layer Slot Die Coating of Chitin and Cellulose Oxygen Barrier Films for Renewable Packaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44922-44932. [PMID: 36129845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and chitin are the two most abundant naturally produced biopolymers and are being extensively studied as candidates for renewable oxygen barrier films used in packaging. It has been shown that bilayers formed from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) exhibit oxygen barrier properties similar to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, this prior work explored only coating each layer individually in sequence through techniques such as spray coating. Here, we demonstrate the viability of dual-layer slot die coating of CNC/ChNF bilayers onto cellulose acetate (CA) substrates. The dual-layer slot die method enables significantly lower oxygen permeability versus spray coating while using a roll-to-roll system that applies the bilayer in a single pass. This work discusses suspension properties, wetting, and drying conditions required to achieve well-controlled ChNF/CNC bilayers. Spray-coated bilayer films were on average 25% thinner than the dual-layer bilayer film; however, the thickness-normalized oxygen permeability (OP) of the dual-layer-coated ChNF/CNC bilayer film on CA was 20 times better than that of the spray-coated bilayers. It has been shown that ChNF contributes to the wetting and barrier properties. Values of OP for the slot die-coated bilayers under optimized drying conditions were as low as 1.2 cm3·μm·m-2·d-1·kPa-1, corresponding to a normalized oxygen transmission rate of 0.32 cm3·m-2·d-1 at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. It is also noted that the adhesive properties of the dual-layer coating are also improved when films are air-dried and that ChNF contributes to the wetting and barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangjun Jung
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
| | - Yue Ji
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
| | - Tae-Joong Jeong
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
| | - Peter N Ciesielski
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
| | - J Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
| | - Tequila A L Harris
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 United States
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7
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Transparency of polymeric food packaging materials. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Bai L, Liu L, Esquivel M, Tardy BL, Huan S, Niu X, Liu S, Yang G, Fan Y, Rojas OJ. Nanochitin: Chemistry, Structure, Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11604-11674. [PMID: 35653785 PMCID: PMC9284562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability. A feature of chitin is its ability to structure into hierarchical assemblies, spanning the nano- and macroscales, imparting toughness and resistance (chemical, biological, among others) to multicomponent materials as well as adding adaptability, tunability, and versatility. Retaining the inherent structural characteristics of chitin and its colloidal features in dispersed media has been central to its use, considering it as a building block for the construction of emerging materials. Top-down chitin designs have been reported and differentiate from the traditional molecular-level, bottom-up synthesis and assembly for material development. Such topics are the focus of this Review, which also covers the origins and biological characteristics of chitin and their influence on the morphological and physical-chemical properties. We discuss recent achievements in the isolation, deconstruction, and fractionation of chitin nanostructures of varying axial aspects (nanofibrils and nanorods) along with methods for their modification and assembly into functional materials. We highlight the role of nanochitin in its native architecture and as a component of materials subjected to multiscale interactions, leading to highly dynamic and functional structures. We introduce the most recent advances in the applications of nanochitin-derived materials and industrialization efforts, following green manufacturing principles. Finally, we offer a critical perspective about the adoption of nanochitin in the context of advanced, sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Marianelly Esquivel
- Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of
Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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9
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Kim M, Kim T, Kim H. Rheological analysis of physical states of cellulose nanocrystal suspension and synergetic effect of aligned gel state. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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A MoS 2QDs/chitin nanofiber composite for improved antibacterial and food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:737-746. [PMID: 35398061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanofiber has potential application as antibacterial nanocomposite material because of its inherent biocompatibility, biological activity, amino containing macromolecular structure and nano-size effect. Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2QDs) were uniformly bonded on partially deacetylated chitin nanofibers (DEChNs) by hydrothermal reactions. The antibacterial properties of MoS2QDs/DEChN against Escherichia coli were detected under different conditions. When the antibacterial agent was fixed at 200 μg/mL, the survival rates of bacteria were 2.77% (pH = 4), 5.58% (pH = 5) and 7.83% (pH = 6), which were lower than those in the DEChN groups. Unlike DEChN, which only had excellent antibacterial activity under acidic conditions (pH < 5), the combination of DEChN and MoS2QDs had antibacterial activity close to neutral conditions, with a bacteriostatic rate > 90%. When TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) were applied for the preparation of MoS2QDs/TOCN, they did not show obvious antibacterial ability, which proved the positive role of DEChN and its amino groups. The MoS2QDs/DEChN assembled film could be applied to preserve meat by delaying spoilage. The current study might inspire new ideas for designing food packaging based on the prepared MoS2QDs/DEChN films.
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Ali A, Aziz T, Zheng J, Hong F, Awad MF, Manan S, Haq F, Ullah A, Shah MN, Javed Q, Kubar AA, Guo L. Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals With 2-Carboxyethyl Acrylate in the Presence of Epoxy Resin for Enhancing its Adhesive Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:797672. [PMID: 35155406 PMCID: PMC8832013 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have unparalleled advantages in the preparation of nanocomposites for various applications. However, a major challenge associated with CNCs in nanocomposite preparation is the lack of compatibility with hydrophobic polymers. The hydrophobic modification of CNCs has attracted increasing interest in the modern era standing with long challenges and being environmentally friendly. Here, we synthesized CNCs by using cotton as raw material and then modified them with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate to improve their corresponding mechanical, adhesive, contact angle, and thermal properties. Different concentrations (1–5 wt%) of CNCs were used as modifiers to improve the interfacial adhesion between the reinforced CNCs and E-51 (Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) epoxy resin system. CNCs offered a better modulus of elasticity, a lower coefficient of energy, and thermal expansion. Compared with the standard sample, the modified CNCs (MCNCs) showed high shear stress, high toughness, efficient degradation, thermal stability, and recycling due to the combined effect of the hyperbranched topological structure of epoxy with good compatibility. The native CNCs lost their hydrophilicity after modification with epoxy, and MCNCs showed good hydrophobic behavior (CA = 105 ± 2°). The findings of this study indicate that modification of CNCs with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate in the presence of epoxy resin and the enhancement of the features would further expand their applications to different sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tariq Aziz, ; Li Guo,
| | - Jieyuan Zheng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Hong
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mahamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehrish Manan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fazal Haq
- Department of Chemistry, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Shah
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qaiser Javed
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tariq Aziz, ; Li Guo,
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12
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Chitin Nanocrystals: Environmentally Friendly Materials for the Development of Bioactive Films. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biobased nanomaterials have gained growing interest in recent years for the sustainable development of composite films and coatings, providing new opportunities and high-performance products. In particular, chitin and cellulose nanocrystals offer an attractive combination of properties, including a rod shape, dispersibility, outstanding surface properties, and mechanical and barrier properties, which make these nanomaterials excellent candidates for sustainable reinforcing materials. Until now, most of the research has been focused on cellulose nanomaterials; however, in the last few years, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) have gained more interest, especially for biomedical applications. Due to their biological properties, such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial and antioxidant properties, as well as their superior adhesive properties and promotion of cell proliferation, chitin nanocrystals have emerged as valuable components of composite biomaterials and bioactive materials. This review attempts to provide an overview of the use of chitin nanocrystals for the development of bioactive composite films in biomedical and packaging systems.
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13
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Molina-Besch K, Olsson A. Innovations in food packaging—Sustainability challenges and future scenarios. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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15
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Satam CC, Meredith JC. Increasing efficiency of the homogenization process for production of chitin nanofibers for barrier film applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118658. [PMID: 34702477 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) are of interest for barrier materials but are often extracted by high pressure homogenization (HPH) with high energy utilization. We studied the influence of deacetylation (DA) and pressure on HPH of shrimp chitin and the resulting solution cast films. Deacetylation to 72% DA resulted in improved ChNF suspension and film light transmission, strain at break, and tensile strength compared to chitin with DA of 89%. The oxygen permeability (OP) of the films was not affected by the modification and remained at low values of 1.9-2.4 cm3 μm/m2/day/kPa. We also show that deacetylation enables HPH intensity to be reduced during extraction of ChNFs from crab shell chitin (63% lower pressure and 73% reduction in number of passes), while achieving a low OP. Deacetylation pretreatment reduces HPH process intensity required to achieve oxygen barrier properties in ChNF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay C Satam
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, United States of America; Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, United States of America
| | - J Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, United States of America; Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0620, United States of America.
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16
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Development of pullulan/carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal/tea polyphenol bionanocomposite films for active food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:405-413. [PMID: 34237374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel active films based on pullulan and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal (C-CNC) incorporated with tea polyphenol (TP) was prepared by solution casting method. The effect of TP addition on the microstructural, mechanical, barrier, optical, functional properties of the resultant pullulan/C-CNC/TP (PC-TP) bionanocomposite films was systematically evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that an appropriate TP adding was well distributed within the PC-TP bionanocomposite matrix. Fourier-transform infrared further revealed that new hydrogen bond was formed among the pullulan, C-CNC, TP. Addition of TP at an appropriate level (3%, w/w, on a dry basis of the weight of pullulan and C-CNC) led to stronger intermolecular interactions and more compact microstructure, and thus enhanced the water barrier properties, thermal stability and tensile strength of the resultant bionanocomposite films. Nevertheless, overloading of TP in the bionanocomposite films might produce some aggregations and thus have negative effects on their performance. In addition, the incorporation of TP significantly improved the UV-barrier properties, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of PC-TP bionanocomposite films, while induced a decrease in the transmittance. These results revealed that PC-TP bionanocomposite films with TP at appropriate levels had potential to be used as active food packaging.
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17
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Jin T, Liu T, Lam E, Moores A. Chitin and chitosan on the nanoscale. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:505-542. [PMID: 34017971 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a matter of decades, nanomaterials from biomass, exemplified by nanocellulose, have rapidly transitioned from once being a subject of curiosity to an area of fervent research and development, now reaching the stages of commercialization and industrial relevance. Nanoscale chitin and chitosan, on the other hand, have only recently begun to raise interest. Attractive features such as excellent biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, immunogenicity, as well as the tuneable handles of their acetylamide (chitin) or primary amino (chitosan) functionalities indeed display promise in areas such as biomedical devices, catalysis, therapeutics, and more. Herein, we review recent progress in the fabrication and development of these bio-nanomaterials, describe in detail their properties, and discuss the initial successes in their applications. Comparisons are made to the dominant nanocelluose to highlight some of the inherent advantages that nanochitin and nanochitosan may possess in similar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jin
- Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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18
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Irvin CW, Satam CC, Liao J, Russo PS, Breedveld V, Meredith JC, Shofner ML. Synergistic Reinforcement of Composite Hydrogels with Nanofiber Mixtures of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Chitin Nanofibers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:340-352. [PMID: 33275405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix opens possibilities for customization of more environmentally friendly composite materials. When used in tricomponent composite hydrogels, the opposite surface charges on CNCs and ChNFs lead to the construction of beneficial nanofiber structures. In this work, composite hydrogels containing CNCs, ChNFs, or their mixtures are produced using cyclic freeze-thaw (FT) treatments. When considering different compositions and FT cycling, tricomponent composite hydrogels containing a specific ratio of CNCs/ChNFs are shown to have promising mechanical performance in comparison to other samples. These results together with results from water absorption, rheological, and light scattering studies suggest that the CNC/ChNF structures produced property improvement by concurrently accessing the stronger interfacial interactions between CNCs and PVA and the longer lengths of the ChNFs for load transfer. Overall, these results provide insight into using electrostatically driven nanofiber structures in nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W Irvin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chinmay C Satam
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jianshan Liao
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Paul S Russo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Carson Meredith
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Meisha L Shofner
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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19
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Joseph B, Mavelil Sam R, Balakrishnan P, J. Maria H, Gopi S, Volova T, C. M. Fernandes S, Thomas S. Extraction of Nanochitin from Marine Resources and Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Advances. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1664. [PMID: 32726958 PMCID: PMC7465063 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial sea food residues, mainly crab and shrimp shells, are considered to be the most promising and abundant source of chitin. In-depth understanding of the biological properties of chitin and scientific advancements in the field of nanotechnology have enabled the development of high-performance chitin nanomaterials. Nanoscale chitin is of great economic value as an efficient functional and reinforcement material for a wide range of applications ranging from water purification to tissue engineering. The use of polymers and nanochitin to produce (bio) nanocomposites offers a good opportunity to prepare bioplastic materials with enhanced functional and structural properties. Most processes for nanochitin isolation rely on the use of chemical, physical or mechanical methods. Chitin-based nanocomposites are fabricated by various methods, involving electrospinning, freeze drying, etc. This review discusses the progress and new developments in the isolation and physico-chemical characterization of chitin; it also highlights the processing of nanochitin in various composite and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessy Joseph
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; (B.J.); (P.B.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Rubie Mavelil Sam
- Research and Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690110, India;
| | - Preetha Balakrishnan
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; (B.J.); (P.B.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Hanna J. Maria
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India; (B.J.); (P.B.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- Plant Lipids Pvt. Ltd., Cochin, Kerala 682311, India
| | - Tatiana Volova
- Institute of Biophysics of Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Susana C. M. Fernandes
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research on Environment and Materials (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64600 Anglet, France
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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