1
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Escobar R, Meza J, Pena J, Atesin AC, Jones WD, Müller C, Ateşin TA. A DFT Comparison of C-C Reductive Coupling from Terminal Cyanido and Cyaphido Complexes of Nickel. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16622-16630. [PMID: 39194957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The density functional theory study of the thermal C-C reductive coupling from terminal cyanido and hypothetical cyaphido complexes of [Ni(dmpe)] (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) revealed the key reaction intermediate in the reductive C-CP coupling being a σ-CC complex unlike an η2-aryl complex in the Ni C-CN system, as already observed in our previous studies. The reaction in THF is endothermic by 4.9 kcal/mol for cyanido with a 32.0 kcal/mol activation barrier and exothermic by 28.5 kcal/mol for cyaphido with an 11.3 kcal/mol activation barrier. To compare our results with the existing experimental data, we chose mesityl as the aryl group and also studied the CP reaction with [Pt(dmpe)] and [Pt(dmpm)] (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)methane) fragments. Our findings are consistent with the thermodynamically uphill photolytic C-CP bond activation in phosphaalkynes with Pt and a faster thermal back-reaction with [Pt(dmpe)] compared to that of [Pt(dmpm)]. Based on the natural population analysis, when the polarity of the C-C bond is inverted, the sign of ΔG° is also inverted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Escobar
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - Jessica Meza
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - Javier Pena
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - Abdurrahman C Atesin
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - William D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tülay A Ateşin
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
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2
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Biswas S, Das D, Pal K, Chandu P, Sureshkumar D. Photocatalyzed Direct C(sp 3)-H Alkenylation of Unactivated Alkanes via Tandem C-C Activation of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12421-12431. [PMID: 39150896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
A highly adaptable method has been developed for the alkenylation of a broad spectrum of inert alkanes, employing milder reaction conditions. Tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) serves as a photocatalyst for hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), instigating the formation of transient alkyl radicals through C(sp3)-H functionalization. These radicals exhibit regioselective addition to cyclopropenes, followed by the subsequent activation of C-C bonds, forming the corresponding vinylated derivatives. This methodology accommodates diverse unreactive C(sp3)-H bond motifs and multisubstituted cyclopropenes, enabling the efficient synthesis of highly functionalized olefins with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Koustav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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3
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Gu F, Lin B, Peng ZH, Liu S, Wu Y, Luo M, Ding N, Zhan Q, Cao P, Zhou Z, Cao T. Ring Transformation of Cyclopropenes to Benzo-Fused Five-Membered Oxa- and Aza-Heterocycles via a Formal [4+1] Cyclization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2407931. [PMID: 39206752 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the context of the growing importance of heterocyclic compounds across various disciplines, numerous strategies for their construction have emerged. Exploiting the distinctive properties of cyclopropenes, this study introduces an innovative approach for the synthesis of benzo-fused five-membered oxa- and aza-heterocycles through a formal [4+1] cyclization and subsequent acid-catalyzed intramolecular O- to N- rearrangement. These transformations exhibit mild reaction conditions and a wide substrate scope. The applications in the late-stage modification of complex molecules and in the synthesis of a potential PD-L1 gene down-regulator, make this method highly appealing in related fields. Combined experimental mechanistic studies and DFT calculations demonstrate Rh(III)-mediated sequential C─H coupling/π-allylation/dynamically favorable O-attack route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Binyan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Huan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yuanqing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Mei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qichen Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medicinal Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, China
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
- Gaoyou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225600, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology & State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Tao Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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4
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Lázaro-Milla C, da Concepción E, Fernández I, Mascareñas JL, López F. Cobalt-Catalyzed (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of Cyclopropene-Tethered Alkynes: Versatile Access to Bicyclic Cyclopentadienyl Systems and Their CpM Complexes. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11574-11583. [PMID: 39119354 PMCID: PMC11307490 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Low-valent cobalt complexes can promote intramolecular (3 + 2) cycloadditions of alkyne-tethered cyclopropenes to provide bicyclic systems containing highly substituted cyclopentadienyl moieties with electronically diverse functional groups. The adducts can be easily transformed into new types of CpRh(III) and CpIr(III) complexes, which show catalytic activity in several relevant transformations. Preliminary computational (DFT) and experimental studies provide relevant information on the mechanistic peculiarities of the cobalt-catalyzed process and allow us to rationalize its advantages over the homologous rhodium-promoted reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lázaro-Milla
- Centro Singular de Investigación en
Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo da Concepción
- Centro Singular de Investigación en
Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I,
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en
Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en
Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de
Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia,
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), 36080 Pontevedra, Spain
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5
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Zhu Y, Jia J, Song X, Gong C, Xia Y. Double strain-release enables formal C-O/C-F and C-N/C-F ring-opening metathesis. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03624g. [PMID: 39129767 PMCID: PMC11310891 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03624g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metathesis reactions have been established as a powerful tool in organic synthesis. While great advances were achieved in double-bond metathesis, like olefin metathesis and carbonyl metathesis, single-bond metathesis has received less attention in the past decade. Herein, we describe the first C(sp3)-O/C(sp3)-F bond formal cross metathesis reaction between gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes (gem-DFCPs) and epoxides under rhodium catalysis. The reaction involves the formation of a highly electrophilic fluoroallyl rhodium intermediate, which is capable of reacting with the oxygen atom in epoxides as weak nucleophiles followed by C-F bond reconstruction. The use of two strained ring substrates is the key to the success of the formal cross metathesis, in which the double strain release accounts for the driving force of the transformation. Additionally, azetidine also proves to be a suitable substrate for this transformation. The reaction offers a novel approach for the metathesis of C(sp3)-O and C(sp3)-N bonds, presenting new opportunities for single-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiangyu Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chunyu Gong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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6
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Fujii I, Hirata H, Moniwa H, Shintani R. Synthesis of (1-silyl)allylboronates by KO tBu-catalyzed ring-opening gem-silylborylation of cyclopropenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6921-6924. [PMID: 38884153 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
A KOtBu-catalyzed ring-opening gem-silylborylation of cyclopropenes with silylboronates has been developed for the synthesis of (1-silyl)allylboronates, a useful class of compounds in organic synthesis. The reaction proceeds with high selectivity under mild conditions, and the reaction mechanism has been theoretically investigated using DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Fujii
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirata
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Moniwa
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Ryo Shintani
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Li X, Wodrich MD, Waser J. Accessing elusive σ-type cyclopropenium cation equivalents through redox gold catalysis. Nat Chem 2024; 16:901-912. [PMID: 38783040 PMCID: PMC11164686 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropenes are the smallest unsaturated carbocycles. Removing one substituent from cyclopropenes leads to cyclopropenium cations (C3+ systems, CPCs). Stable aromatic π-type CPCs were discovered by Breslow in 1957 by removing a substituent on the aliphatic position. In contrast, σ-type CPCs-formally accessed by removing one substituent on the alkene-are unstable and relatively unexplored. Here we introduce electrophilic cyclopropenyl-gold(III) species as equivalents of σ-type CPCs, which can then react with terminal alkynes and vinylboronic acids. With catalyst loadings as low as 2 mol%, the synthesis of highly functionalized alkynyl- or alkenyl-cyclopropenes proceeded under mild conditions. A class of hypervalent iodine reagents-the cyclopropenyl benziodoxoles (CpBXs)-enabled the direct oxidation of gold(I) to gold(III) with concomitant transfer of a cyclopropenyl group. This protocol was general, tolerant to numerous functional groups and could be used for the late-stage modification of complex natural products, bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew D Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Shimazumi R, Tobisu M. Unimolecular Fragment Coupling: A New Bond-Forming Methodology via the Deletion of Atom(s). JACS AU 2024; 4:1676-1695. [PMID: 38818052 PMCID: PMC11134393 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as a reaction format, wherein atom(s) located in the middle of a molecule are extruded, and the remaining fragments are coupled. UFC is a potentially powerful strategy that is an alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling because the target chemical bond is formed in an intramolecular fashion, which is inherently beneficial for chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity issues. In this Perspective, we will present an overview of the recent advances in UFC reactions, which encompass those proceeding through the elimination of CO2, CO, SO2, isocyanates, N2, or single atoms primarily via transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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9
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Zhang Z, Liang FF, Zhang SL, Sun W, Zhou AX, Sun M. Pd-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Cyclopropenones via Sequential C-C Bond Activation and Allylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:4262-4267. [PMID: 38722897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel Pd-catalyzed three-component domino reaction for the stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized allyl cinnamates has been developed. In this protocol, a sequential process of C-C bond activation and intermolecular allylic substitution was well-organized. The key for this transformation is the in situ generated hydrolysis product of cyclopropenone, which triggered a new reaction with vinylethylene carbonates. The reaction mechanism was investigated, demonstrating the high stereoselectivity and excellent atomic economy in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Shu-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - An-Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Higher Institutions of Jiangxi Province, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334001, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
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10
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Zeng T, Li Y, Wang R, Zhu J. Temperature-Dependent Divergent Cyclopentadiene Synthesis through Cobalt-Catalyzed C-C Activation of Cyclopropenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38621189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a temperature-dependent divergent approach to synthesize multisubstituted cyclopentadienes through cobalt-catalyzed carbon-carbon (C-C) bond activation of cyclopropenes and ring expansion with internal alkynes. By employing different heating procedures, two cyclopentadiene substitution isomers were efficiently and selectively constructed. This reaction does not require preactivation of the metal catalyst or additional reducing reagents. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that the key steps are oxidative addition of the cyclopropene to cobalt catalyst, followed by alkyne insertion and 1,5-ester shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ruobin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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11
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Huang MY, Zhao JB, Zhang CD, Zhou YJ, Lu ZS, Zhu SF. Enantioselective α-Boryl Carbene Transformations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9871-9879. [PMID: 38547318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Carbenes, recognized as potent intermediates, enable unique chemical transformations, and organoborons are pivotal in diverse chemical applications. As a hybrid of carbene and the boryl group, α-boryl carbenes are promising intermediates for the construction of organoborons; unfortunately, such carbenes are hard to access and have low structural diversity with their asymmetric transformations largely uncharted. In this research, we utilized boryl cyclopropenes as precursors for the swift synthesis of α-boryl metal carbenes, a powerful category of intermediates for chiral organoboron synthesis. These α-boryl carbenes undergo a series of highly enantioselective transfer reactions, including B-H and Si-H insertion, cyclopropanation, and cyclopropanation/Cope rearrangement, catalyzed by a singular chiral copper complex. This approach opens paths to previously unattainable but easily transformable chiral organoborons, expanding both carbene and organoboron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Bao Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Da Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Yan X, Liu M, Pan D, Wang Q, Tang Q, Dai YM, Hu P, Wang BQ, Huang G, Song F. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Cycloheptanols through (4+3) Annulation via C-C/C-H Activation Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317433. [PMID: 38086770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed annulations of four-membered rings via C-C activation are powerful tools to construct complex fused and bridged ring systems. Despite significant progress in (4+1), (4+2) and (4+4) annulations, the (4+3) annulation remains unexplored. Herein, we develop an asymmetric Rh-catalyzed intramolecular (4+3) annulation of α-arylalkene-tethered benzocyclobutenols for the synthesis of dihydrofuran-annulated dibenzocycloheptanols with two discontinuous chiral carbon centers via a C-C and C-H activation cascade. The reaction features excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities and 100 % atom economy, and is applicable to late-stage modification of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Min Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Ya-Mei Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610066
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13
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Chandu P, Biswas S, Pal K, Sureshkumar D. Organophotoredox Catalysis: Switchable Radical Generation from Alkyl Sodium Sulfinates for Sulfonylation and Alkylative Activation of C-C Bonds of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3912-3925. [PMID: 38446801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Generating alkyl radicals from the sulfonyl radicals remains challenging in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an efficient photocatalyzed strategy using alkyl sodium sulfinates as both sulfonylating and alkylating reagents by controlling the reaction temperature. This methodology provides a versatile protocol for synthesizing diastereoselective sulfonylated cyclopropanes and poly-substituted styrene derivatives. This methodology is successfully demonstrated with a wide variety of cyclopropenes and alkyl sulfinates, showcasing its broad substrate scope, high diastereo- and E/Z selectivity, and yielding good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Koustav Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
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14
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Ateşin TA, Jones WD, Atesin AC. ortho-Fluoro or ortho Effect? Oxidative Addition of Zerovalent Nickel into the C-CN Bond of Substituted Benzonitriles. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19698-19705. [PMID: 37987750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of the oxidative addition of zerovalent Ni to the C-CN bond of F-substituted benzonitriles showed significantly increased stabilization of the C-CN oxidative addition products with o-F groups (-6.6 kcal/mol per o-F) compared to m-F groups (-1.8 kcal/mol per m-F). To answer the question of whether this is an o-F effect or an ortho effect, in this study the effect of CF3 and CH3 groups on the oxidative addition of the [Ni(dmpe)] fragment [dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane] to the C-CN bond of benzonitriles has been studied. A density functional theory study of the reaction pathway between η2-CN complexes and the C-CN oxidative addition products shows stabilization of the C-CN oxidative addition product with the electron-withdrawing CF3 group and destabilization with the electron-donating CH3 group in both tetrahydrofuran and toluene. There is a slightly larger ortho effect with CF3 (-7.4 kcal/mol) than with F. However, due to steric crowding, two o-CF3 groups did not show considerably more stabilization than one o-CF3 group. There is a linear relationship between ΔG° and the number of meta groups (2.0 kcal/mol stabilization per m-CF3 and 0.8 kcal/mol destabilization per m-CH3). On the basis of natural population analysis, as the C-CN bond becomes more polarized, the stability of the C-CN oxidative addition products with respect to the η2-CN complexes increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay A Ateşin
- School of Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
| | - William D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Abdurrahman C Atesin
- School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, United States
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15
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Zhang C. Bisphospholane Josiphos-type Ligands in Rhodium Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300912. [PMID: 37843429 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis has become a universal and powerful method for constructing chiral compounds. In rhodium asymmetric catalysis, bisphospholane Josiphos-type ligands and their rhodium complexes are receiving increasing attention. This review provides comprehensive information on the bisphospholane Josiphos-type ligands in rhodium asymmetric catalysis. The scope of the literature covers from 2013 to now. The application of bisphospholane Josiphos-type ligands in rhodium asymmetric catalysis is summarized as follows: (i) asymmetric addition to C(sp2 )-C(sp2 ) bonds, (ii) asymmetric addition to C(sp2 )-C(sp) bonds of allenes, (iii) asymmetric hydrogenation of C(sp2 )-N bonds, C(sp2 )-O bonds and pyridinium salts, and (iv) asymmetric silanization of C-H and O-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Safety Supervision and Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, 583 Anqing road, Wanzhou district, Chongqing, 404020, China
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16
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Liang YF, Bilal M, Tang LY, Wang TZ, Guan YQ, Cheng Z, Zhu M, Wei J, Jiao N. Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage for Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12313-12370. [PMID: 37942891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) introduces functional group or structural modification at the final stage of the synthesis of natural products, drugs, and complex compounds. It is anticipated that late-stage functionalization would improve drug discovery's effectiveness and efficiency and hasten the creation of various chemical libraries. Consequently, late-stage functionalization of natural products is a productive technique to produce natural product derivatives, which significantly impacts chemical biology and drug development. Carbon-carbon bonds make up the fundamental framework of organic molecules. Compared with the carbon-carbon bond construction, the carbon-carbon bond activation can directly enable molecular editing (deletion, insertion, or modification of atoms or groups of atoms) and provide a more efficient and accurate synthetic strategy. However, the efficient and selective activation of unstrained carbon-carbon bonds is still one of the most challenging projects in organic synthesis. This review encompasses the strategies employed in recent years for carbon-carbon bond cleavage by explicitly focusing on their applicability in late-stage functionalization. This review expands the current discourse on carbon-carbon bond cleavage in late-stage functionalization reactions by providing a comprehensive overview of the selective cleavage of various types of carbon-carbon bonds. This includes C-C(sp), C-C(sp2), and C-C(sp3) single bonds; carbon-carbon double bonds; and carbon-carbon triple bonds, with a focus on catalysis by transition metals or organocatalysts. Additionally, specific topics, such as ring-opening processes involving carbon-carbon bond cleavage in three-, four-, five-, and six-membered rings, are discussed, and exemplar applications of these techniques are showcased in the context of complex bioactive molecules or drug discovery. This review aims to shed light on recent advancements in the field and propose potential avenues for future research in the realm of late-stage carbon-carbon bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le-Yu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Biswas S, Chandu P, Garai S, Sureshkumar D. Diastereoselective Hydroacylation of Cyclopropenes by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7863-7867. [PMID: 37882545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and general strategy for the hydroacylation of cyclopropene is disclosed for synthesizing various 2-acylcyclopropane derivatives under mild reaction conditions. High functional group tolerance of this protocol features a novel route to access a divergent synthesis of acylated cyclopropane in a diastereoselective manner by photoinduced decarboxylation of α-ketoacid followed by acyl radical addition to cyclopropene. Additionally, the regioselective addition of acyl radical at the least substituted olefinic carbon center with trans-selective fashion makes this protocol more appealing toward natural product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Sumit Garai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
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18
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Breitwieser K, Dankert F, Grünwald A, Mayer PR, Heinemann FW, Munz D. Swift C-C bond insertion by a 12-electron palladium(0) surrogate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12104-12107. [PMID: 37728431 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The selective activation of C-C bonds holds vast promise for catalysis. So far, research has been primarily directed at rhodium and nickel under harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we report C-C insertion reactions of a 12-electron palladium(0) surrogate stabilized by a cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand. Benzonitrile (1), biphenylene (2), benzocyclobutenone (3), and naphtho[b]cyclopropene (4) were studied. These substrates allow elucidation of the effect of ring strain as well as hybridization encompassing sp3, sp2 and sp hybridized carbon atoms. All reactions proceed quantitatively at or below room temperature. This work therefore outlines perspectives for mild C-C bond functionalization catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Breitwieser
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Annette Grünwald
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Paula R Mayer
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Coordination Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.1, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
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19
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Huang M, Zhou C, Yang KF, Li Z, Lai GQ, Zhang P. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Hydroborylation of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13838-13846. [PMID: 37750715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
An effective (NHC)AgCl catalysis was developed in the hydroborylation of cyclopropenes with B2pin2, delivering a variety of cyclopylboronates in a stereoselective manner, which could be easily transformed for the construction of versatile cyclopropanes. This protocol works effectively under mild reaction conditions in an open-air atmosphere, and it was easy to apply on a gram scale. This novel method in detail was also explored by control experiments, providing a number of key insights. The kinetic process followed by 1H NMR indicated that the reaction was finished in 15 min. Furthermore, the mechanism of silver(I)-catalyzed hydroborylation of cyclopropenes was proposed, with the protonation by methanol as the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ke-Fang Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pinglu Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 311121, China
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20
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Sindlinger M, Ströbele M, Grunenberg J, Bettinger HF. Accessing unusual heterocycles: ring expansion of benzoborirenes by formal cycloaddition reactions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10478-10487. [PMID: 37799994 PMCID: PMC10548517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoborirenes are a very rare class of strained boron heterobicyclic systems. In this study a kinetically stabilized benzoborirene 1 is shown to react with multiple bonds of trimethylphosphine oxide, acetaldehyde, and tert-butyl isonitrile. The (2 + 2) cycloaddition product with trimethylphosphine oxide, benzo[c][1,2,5]oxaphosphaborole, has a long apical PO bond (194.0 pm) that must be considered on the border line between ionic and covalent according to the natural bond orbital, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, and compliance matrix approaches to the description of chemical bonding. The coordination compound between the benzoborirene and phosphine oxide was observed by NMR spectroscopy at 213 K. The Lewis acidity of 1 is similar to that of B(OCH2CF3)3 and B(C6F5)3 based on the 31P{1H} NMR chemical shift of the Lewis acid base complexes with trimethylphosphine oxide at 213 K. Benzoboriene 1 does not react with acetone, but forms a (2 + 2) cycloaddition product, an oxaborole, with acetaldehyde. In contrast, it undergoes a double (2 + 1) reaction with tert-butyl isonitrile to yield a boro-indane derivative under mild conditions. The observed reactivity of 1 is in agreement with computational analyses of the respective potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Sindlinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jörg Grunenberg
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität (TU) Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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21
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Zhao H, Zhao Y. Engaging Isatins and Amino Acids in Multicomponent One-Pot 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions-Easy Access to Structural Diversity. Molecules 2023; 28:6488. [PMID: 37764264 PMCID: PMC10536439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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22
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Tu HF, Jeandin A, Bon C, Brocklehurst C, Lima F, Suero MG. Late-Stage Aryl C-H Bond Cyclopropenylation with Cyclopropenium Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308379. [PMID: 37459194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first regio-, site- and chemoselective late-stage (hetero)aryl C-H bond cyclopropenylation with cyclopropenium cations (CPCs). The process is fast, operationally simple and shows an excellent functional group tolerance in densely-functionalized drug molecules, natural products, agrochemicals and fluorescent dyes. Moreover, we discovered that the installation of the cyclopropene ring in drug molecules could not only be used to shield against metabolic instability but also as a synthetic tool to reach medicinally-relevant sp3 -rich scaffolds exploiting the highly-strained nature of the cyclopropene ring with known transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aliénor Jeandin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Corentin Bon
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cara Brocklehurst
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Lima
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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23
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Ji WS, Jia XN, Shan LH, Li X, Liu YJ, Jiang T, Gao F. Discovery of myrsinane-type Euphorbia diterpene derivatives through a skeleton conversion strategy from lathyrane diterpene for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106595. [PMID: 37178652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel myrsinane-type Euphorbia diterpene derivatives (1-37) were synthesized from the abundant natural lathyrane-type Euphorbia factor L3, using a multi-step chemical process guided by a bioinspired skeleton conversion strategy, with the aim of discovering potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) bioactive lead compounds. The synthesis process involved a concise reductive olefin coupling reaction through an intramolecular Michael addition with a free radical, followed by a visible-light-triggered regioselective cyclopropane ring-opening. The cholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective activities of the synthesized myrsinane derivatives were evaluated. Most of the compounds showed moderate to strong potency, highlighting the importance of ester groups in Euphorbia diterpene. In particular, derivative 37 displayed the most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, with an IC50 value of 8.3 μM, surpassing that of the positive control, tacrine. Additionally, 37 also showed excellent neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells, with a cell viability rate of 124.2% at 50 μM, which was significantly higher than that of the model group (viability rate 52.1%). Molecular docking, reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of myrsinane derivative 37. The results indicated that derivative 37 may be a promising myrsinane-type multi-functional lead compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, a preliminary SAR analysis was performed to study the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective activities of these diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Wan-Sheng Ji
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiao-Nan Jia
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Lian-Hai Shan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Xiaohuan Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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24
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Martínez ÁM, Puet A, Domínguez G, Alonso I, Castro-Biondo R, Pérez-Castells J. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopropenyl Vinylarenes: Access to Benzonorcarane Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:5923-5928. [PMID: 37560932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular Diels-Alder vinylarene reaction (IMDAV) is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition that employs styrene derivatives as conjugated dienes, whose poor reactivity arises from the required loss of aromaticity, which is recovered by a subsequent [1,3]-H shift. Herein, we describe the use of cyclopropene as a dienophile, harnessing its strain energy to drive the IMDAV reaction. Benzonorcarane scaffolds form in good yields, excellent stereoselectivity, and broad functional tolerance. Theoretical calculations and NMR studies have revealed significant mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Manu Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Puet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Castro-Biondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Yang S, Wu JY, Lin S, Pu M, Huang ZS, Wang H, Li Q. Divergent Fluorinations of Vinylcyclopropanes: Ring-Opening 1,5-Hydrofluorination and Ring-Retaining 1,2-Difluorination. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300476. [PMID: 37366264 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Organofluorine compounds have been widely used in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. Reported herein are divergent fluorination reactions of vinylcyclopropanes with different electrophiles, which allow the facile synthesis of homoallylic monofluorides and vicinal-difluorides through ring-opening 1,5-hydrofluorination and ring-retaining 1,2-difluorination, respectively. Both protocols feature mild conditions, simple operations, good functional group tolerance, and generally good yields. The practicality of these reactions is demonstrated by their scalability, as well as the successful conversion of the formed homoallylic monofluorides into other complex fluorinated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yunzi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Meicen Pu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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26
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Mancinelli JP, Kong WY, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Borane-Catalyzed C-F Bond Functionalization of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes Enables the Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17389-17397. [PMID: 37494703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose an approach to synthesize tert-alkyl cyclopropanes by leveraging C-F bond functionalization of gem-difluorocyclopropenes using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalysis. The reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of a fluorocyclopropenium ion, which was confirmed by the isolation of [Ph2(C6D5)C3]+[(C6F5)3BF]-. We found that silylketene acetal nucleophiles were optimal reaction partners with fluorocyclopropenium ion intermediates yielding fully substituted cyclopropenes functionalized with two α-tert-alkyl centers (63-93% yield). The regioselectivity of the addition to cyclopropenium ions is controlled by their steric and electronic properties and enables access to 3,3-bis(difluoromethyl)cyclopropenes in short order. The resulting cyclopropene products are readily reduced to the corresponding orphaned cyclopropanes under hydrogenation conditions. Quantum chemical calculations reveal the nature of the C-F bond cleavage steps and provide evidence for catalysis by boron and not silylated oxonium ions, though Si-F bond formation is the enthalpic driving force for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Mancinelli
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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27
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Wang M, Simon JC, Xu M, Corio SA, Hirschi JS, Dong VM. Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination: Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazoles to Cyclopropenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14573-14580. [PMID: 37390403 PMCID: PMC10433791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral N-cyclopropyl pyrazoles and structurally related heterocycles are prepared using an earth-abundant copper catalyst under mild reaction conditions with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrol. The observed N2:N1 regioselectivity favors the more hindered nitrogen of the pyrazole. Experimental and DFT studies support a unique mechanism that features a five-centered aminocupration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Julie C Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephanie A Corio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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28
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Liu GX, Jie XT, Li XL, Yang LS, Qiu H, Hu WH. Carbon-Centered Radical with Leaving Group-Mediated Ring Opening of Cyclopropenes via the Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl to the Allyl Radical: A General Access to Multisubstituted 1,3-Dienes. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xin Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Jie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing-lin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Sheng Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
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29
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Cheng L, Tang Q, Dai YM, Wang BQ, Hu P, Cao P, Song F. Rh-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of Unactivated Alkenes via C–C Bond Activation. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Mei Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Qin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
| | - Feijie Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, P. R. China
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30
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Zhang M, Yu S, Hua R, Zhang D, Qiu H, Hu W. Copper-catalyzed multicomponent assembly of γ-butenolides via the interception of carbonyl ylides with iminium ions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:783-788. [PMID: 36594521 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(I)-catalyzed three-component reaction of cyclopropenes, enamines and aldehydes has been realized. This reaction proceeds via the interception of carbonyl oxonium ylide intermediates with α, β-unsaturated iminium ions that are in situ generated from enamines and aldehydes under the catalysis of Cu(MeCN)4PF6, leading to the desired γ-butenolide derivatives in good yields and with moderate diastereoselectivities. Access to these derivatives with tethered ketone and alkynal groups will expand the structural diversity of multi-substituted butenolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Sifan Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ruyu Hua
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huang Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen, University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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31
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Happy S, Junaid M, Yadagiri D. Reactivity of quinone methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:29-42. [PMID: 36484325 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, quinone methides have broadly been applied in synthesis and biological systems for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds and biologically active molecules. In this feature article, we have discussed the novel and uncovered reactivity of o-quinone methides, p-quinone methides, aza-o-quinone methides, and indolyl-2-methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Two in situ-generated transient intermediates undergo cycloannulation reactions, metathesis-type reactions, 1,6-conjugate addition reactions, cyclopropanation reactions, and many other transformations to access nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds and beyond. The reactivity of quinone methides and carbenes is observed in various metal catalysts, Brønsted-acids, Lewis acids, phase transfer catalysts, additives, and visible-light-induced transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Happy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Junaid
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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32
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Zhang X, Li L, Sivaguru P, Zanoni G, Bi X. Highly electrophilic silver carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13699-13715. [PMID: 36453127 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic carbene transfer reactions are fundamental transformations in modern organic synthesis, which enable direct access to diverse structurally complex molecules. Despite diazo precursors playing a crucial role in catalytic carbene transfer reactions, most reported methodologies take into account only diazoacetates or related compounds. This is primarily because diazoalkanes, unless they contain a resonance stabilizing group, are more susceptible to violent exothermic decomposition. In this feature article, we present an alternative approach to carbene-transfer reactions based on the formation of highly electrophilic silver carbenes from N-sulfonylhydrazones, where the high electrophilicity of silver carbenes stems from the weak interaction between silver and the carbenic carbon. These precursors are readily accessible, stable, and environmentally sustainable. Using the strategy that employs highly electrophilic silver carbenes, it is possible to develop novel intermolecular transformations involving non-stabilized carbenes, including C(sp3)-H insertion, C(sp3)-C(O) insertion, cycloaddition, and defluorinative functionalization. The silver-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions described here have high efficiency, unusual reactivity, exceptional selectivity, and a reaction pathway that differs from typical transition metal-catalyzed reactions. Our research provided fundamental insight into silver carbene chemistry, and we hope to apply this mode of catalysis to other more general transformations, including asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Linxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, 130024, Changchun, P. R. China.
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33
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Lu D, Zou X, Li C. Advances in the application of named reactions in polymer synthesis. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221143691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the development of polymer science, more and more named reactions have been applied to synthesizing polymers. Introducing new reactions into polymer synthesis is undoubtedly an excellent expansion for monomer and polymer libraries. In this review, the named reactions employed in polymer-chain synthesis were divided into seven types: electrophilic reactions, nucleophilic reactions, transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions, free radical reactions, pericyclic reactions, multi-component reactions and rearrangement reactions. The discussion was mainly focused on the progress in the utilization of these named reactions in polymer synthesis, which could be a valuable reference for researchers in the polymer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Lu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zou
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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34
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Robust salen-typed Ce-MOFs supported Fe(III) catalyst fabricated by metalloligand strategy for catalytic epoxides with alcohols. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Liu L, Dai M, Song L, Chen H, Bian M, Gao Y, Liu Z. Water‐assisted, Highly‐selective and Rapid Synthesis of Cyclopropane Derivatives by a [2+1] Annulation Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jia Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Ming Dai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Yu Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Ming Bian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Ning Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Jiang Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology 100 Haiquan Road Shanghai 201418 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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36
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Chen J, Han J, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Jiang Y. Rhodium/Amine Dual Catalytic System for Reassembling C≡C Bonds of Conjugated Alkynes with Cyclopropenes via Cutting/Insertion Cascade. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiabin Han
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Li
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaojia Jiang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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37
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Zhang GY, Zhang P, Li BW, Liu K, Li J, Yu ZX. Dual Activation Strategy to Achieve C–C Cleavage of Cyclobutanes: Development and Mechanism of Rh and Zn Cocatalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Yne-Vinylcyclobutanones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21457-21469. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bing-Wen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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38
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Abstract
We report the first palladium hydride enabled hydroalkenylation of strained molecules. This new mild protocol proceeds via a regio- and chemoselective hydropalladation step, followed by a photoinduced radical alkyl Heck reaction. This methodology represents a new reactivity mode for strained molecules and opens new avenues for photoinduced palladium catalysis. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and can be applied to complex structures, delivering a diverse array of highly valuable and modifiable alkenylated cyclobutanes and cyclopropanes. A hydroalkenylation/diastereoselective rearrangement cascade toward a cyclopentene scaffold has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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39
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Li W, Zhang H, Chen K, Jiang H, Sun J, Zhu S. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular enantioselective C(sp 3)-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12396-12402. [PMID: 36382271 PMCID: PMC9629006 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, the first palladium-catalyzed intramolecular enantioselective C(sp3)-H insertion reaction of donor-donor carbenes has been successfully achieved. This facile protocol enables the rapid construction of a collection of enantioenriched decorated indolines with two contiguous stereocenters in a single step. Both enynones and diazo compounds are efficient donor-donor carbene precursors for this reaction. By an adjustment of ligands and protecting groups of the substrates, the palladium-carbene intermediates from diazo compounds afford sparse trans-indolines with excellent enantioselectivities, while carbenes from enynones deliver cis-indolines exclusively. Based on the control reactions and Hammett analysis, a stepwise Mannich-type pathway through a short-lived and compact zwitterionic intermediate is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendeng Li
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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40
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Tu HF, Jeandin A, Suero MG. Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclopropenium Cations with Rh-Carbynoids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16737-16743. [PMID: 36074785 PMCID: PMC9501905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first catalytic one-step synthesis of cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) with readily available alkynes and hypervalent iodine reagents as carbyne sources. Key to the process is the catalytic generation of a novel Rh-carbynoid that formally transfers monovalent cationic carbynes (:+C-R) to alkynes via an oxidative [2+1] cycloaddition. Our process is able to synthesize a new type of CPC substituted with an ester group that underpins the regioselective attack of a broad range of carbon and heteroatomic nucleophiles, thus providing a new platform for the synthesis of valuable cyclopropenes difficult or not possible to make by current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aliénor Jeandin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Calle Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos G. Suero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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41
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Zhao X, Jia J, Li Z, Li H, Wang Y, Wang G. Stereoselective ZnCl 2-Catalyzed B–H Bond Insertion of Vinyl Carbenes Generated from Cyclopropenes for the Synthesis of Allylboranes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13053-13061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jian Jia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zengzeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Haotian Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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42
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Coinage metal-catalyzed carbo- and heterocyclizations involving alkenyl carbene intermediates as C3 synthons. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Puet A, Giona E, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. One Pot Synthesis of Spirocycles and Cyclopropa[ b]pyrans by Alkenylation-Rearrangement of Cyclopropenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12470-12476. [PMID: 36041735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one pot alkenylation followed by a stereoselective Alder-ene cycloisomerization of cyclopropenes give (aza)spiro[2.4]heptanes and spiro[2.5]octanes in high yields. Total trans diastereoselectivity is achieved for spiro[2.4]heptanes if the cyclopropene is monosubstituted in C3. When an α,β-unsaturatedcarbonyl-containing bromide is used, an alternative cyclization takes place giving cyclopenta[c]cyclopropa[b]pyrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Puet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eleonora Giona
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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44
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Liu T, Murphy RP, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Tomson NC. C-C σ-Bond Oxidative Addition and Hydrofunctionalization by a Macrocycle-Supported Diiron Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14037-14041. [PMID: 35881075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first examples of unassisted C(sp)-C(sp2) and C(sp)-C(sp3) bond oxidative addition reactions to give thermodynamically favorable products. Treatment of a diiron complex supported by a geometrically and electronically flexible macrocyclic ligand, (3PDI2)Fe2(μ-N2)(PPh3)2 ([Fe2N2]0), with stoichiometric amounts of various 4,4'-disubstituted diphenylacetylenes (ArX-C≡C-ArX; X = OMe, H, F, CF3) yielded C(sp)-C(sp2) bond oxidative addition products. When Ph-C≡C-R substrates were used as substrates (R = Me, Et, iPr, tBu), products of either C(sp)-C(sp2) or C(sp)-C(sp3) bond activation were obtained, with the less sterically encumbering alkynes exclusively undergoing C(sp)-C(sp3) bond activation. Treatment of the C-C activation species with either H2 or HBpin was found to form products of C-C σ-bond hydrofunctionalization. In both the hydrogenation and hydroboration schemes, the diiron species was observed to return to [Fe2N2]0, thereby completing synthetic cycles for C-C σ-bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchang Liu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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45
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Prakash M, Rani P, Samanta S. A substrate-dependent reaction of 1-aryl-2-alkyl-1,2-diketones with 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates: selective access to 2',5'-dicyclopropoxy-1,1':4',1''-teraryls and pentafulvenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6445-6458. [PMID: 35894220 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00971d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interesting substrate-controlled one-pot approach to highly substituted 2',5'-dicyclopropoxy-1,1':4',1''-teraryls and 6-hydroxypentafulvenes involving various 1,2-diketones and 2-aroyl-1-chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates as 3C Michael acceptors triggered by Cs2CO3 has been developed. We noticed that 1,2-diketones play a decisive role in this reaction to determine the product's selectivity. For example, aryl rings having electron-poor functionalities at the para and meta-positions of 1,2-diketones led to 2,5-diarylhydroquinones selectively via a cyclodimerization/double oxa-Michael process with highly strained cyclopropenes. However, when 1-naphthyl/electron-donating aryl/ortho-aryl-substituted 1,2-diketones were chosen, the Michael-initiated ring expansion reaction (C-C and CC bonds) took place under the same conditions that gave the corresponding pentafulvenes predominately. Moreover, this reaction has several imperative features such as good to high diastereoselectivities, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, transition metal-free process, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher Prakash
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
| | - Poonam Rani
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Discipline of Chemistry, 453552, Indore, India.
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46
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Coto D, Barbolla I, Vicente R. Catalytic cyclopropanation reactions with α-silyl-, germanyl- and stannyl carbenes generated from cyclopropenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8416-8419. [PMID: 35796243 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03338k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silylcyclopropenes are employed as precursors of α-silyl vinyl carbenes and trapped with alkenes. Cyclopropylsilanes were obtained in good yields with ample scope and complete regio- and diastereoselectivity. Stereoretentive protodesilylations enabled access to cis-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes. Cyclopropylstannanes and -germanes can also be prepared from the corresponding cyclopropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Coto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" Universidad de Oviedo C/Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Iratxe Barbolla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" Universidad de Oviedo C/Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco, Apto. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles" Universidad de Oviedo C/Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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47
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Huang JQ, Yu M, Yong X, Ho CY. NHC-Ni(II)-catalyzed cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4145. [PMID: 35842422 PMCID: PMC9288548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocyanides are common compounds in fine and bulk chemical syntheses. However, the direct addition of isocyanide to simple unactivated cyclopropene via transition metal catalysis is challenging. Most of the current approaches focus on 1,1-insertion of isocyanide to M-R or nucleophilc insertion. That is often complicated by the competitive homo-oligomerization reactivity occurring at room temperature, such as isocyanide 1,1-insertion by Ni(II). Here we show a (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) catalyst that enables cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation. As shown in the broad substrate scope and a [trans-(N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(isocyanide)Br2] crystal structure, the desired cross-reactivity is cooperatively controlled by the high reactivity of the cyclopropene, the sterically bulky N-heterocyclic carbene, and the strong coordination ability of the isocyanide. This direct addition strategy offers aromatic amine derivatives and complements the Dötz benzannulation and Semmelhack/Wulff 1,4-hydroquinone synthesis. Several sterically bulky, fused, and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetric functionalized spiro-ring structures are prepared from those easily accessible starting materials expediently. The direct addition of isocyanides to cyclopropenes is challenging. Here, the authors report a catalytic cyclopropene-isocyanide [5 + 1] benzannulation catalyzed by an (N-heterocyclic carbene)Ni(II) complex; this method enables the preparation of fused and multi-substituted anilines and unsymmetrically functionalized spiro-ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Meng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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48
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Cyclopropene activation via I(I)/I(III) catalysis: Proof of principle and application in direct tetrafluorination. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Huang MY, Zhao YT, Zhang CD, Zhu SF. Highly Regio-, Stereo-, and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed B-H Bond Insertion of α-Silylcarbenes: Efficient Access to Chiral Allylic gem-Silylboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203343. [PMID: 35437891 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a method for highly regio-, stereo-, and enantioselective B-H bond insertion reactions of α-silylcarbenes generated from 1-silylcyclopropenes in the presence of a chiral copper(I)/bisoxazoline catalyst for the construction of chiral γ,γ-disubstituted allylic gem-silylboranes, which cannot be prepared by any other known methods. This reaction is the first highly enantioselective carbene insertion reaction of α-silylcarbenes ever to be reported. The method shows general applicability for various 3,3-disubstituted silylcyclopropenes and exclusively affords E-products. The novel chiral γ,γ-disubstituted allylic gem-silylborane products are versatile allylic bimetallic reagents with high stability and have great synthetic potential, especially for the construction of complex molecules with continuous chiral centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yao Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Da Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shou-Fei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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50
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Fernández S, Allegue D, Santamaría J, Ballesteros A. Diastereoselective and Synergistic Gold‐Catalyzed Bispropargylation of Xanthones and Thioxanthones: An Access to Xanthene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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