1
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Xie F, Dong S, Liu J, Yu M, Ren D, Zhao J, Liu X. Enantio- and Diastereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Borylative Coupling of Styrenes and Azadienes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38885466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we disclose a CuB-catalyzed reaction between aurone-derived α,β-unsaturated imines and styrenes to produce 2-substituted benzofuran derivatives bearing both the γ-boryl functionality and α,β-unsymmetric stereogenic centers. The reaction represents the first transition-metal-catalyzed unsymmetric 1,4-Michael additions of azadienes, which would enrich the arsenal of CuB catalysis in organic synthesis. In addition, the synthetically versatile boron-alkylated products can be elaborated by chemical transformations to useful optically active benzofuran heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Shijie Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Deyue Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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2
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Meng X, Lan S, Chen T, Luo H, Zhu L, Chen N, Liu J, Yang S, Cotman AE, Zhang Q, Fang X. Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Acylboronates: BMIDA as the Privileged Directing Group. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38869937 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Developing a general, highly efficient, and enantioselective catalytic method for the synthesis of chiral alcohols is still a formidable challenge. We report in this article the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) acylboronates as a general substrate-independent entry to enantioenriched secondary alcohols. ATH of acyl-MIDA-boronates with (het)aryl, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, and carbonyl substituents delivers a variety of enantioenriched α-boryl alcohols. The latter are used in a range of stereospecific transformations based on the boron moiety, enabling the synthesis of carbinols with two closely related α-substituents, which cannot be obtained with high enantioselectivities using direct asymmetric hydrogenation methods, such as the (R)-cloperastine intermediate. Computational studies illustrate that the BMIDA group is a privileged enantioselectivity-directing group in Noyori-Ikariya ATH compared to the conventionally used aryl and alkynyl groups due to the favorable CH-O attractive electrostatic interaction between the η6-arene-CH of the catalyst and the σ-bonded oxygen atoms in BMIDA. The work expands the domain of conventional ATH and shows its huge potential in addressing challenges in symmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
- Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shouang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Haotian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Lixuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Nanchu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Jinggong Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
| | - Andrej Emanuel Cotman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350100, China
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3
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Li W, Ricker R, Lok Chan K, Fung Lau P, Buchbinder NW, Krebs J, Friedrich A, Lin Z, Santos WL, Radius U, Marder TB. Phosphine-Catalyzed 1,2-cis-Diboration of 1,3-Butadiynes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401235. [PMID: 38593362 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Trialkyl phosphines PMe3 and PEt3 catalyze the 1,2-cis-diboration of 1,3-butadiynes to give 1,2-diboryl enynes. The products were utilized to synthesize 1,1,2,4-tetraaryl enynes using a Suzuki-Miyaura protocol and can readily undergo proto-deborylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Robert Ricker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Ka Lok Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Fung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Johannes Krebs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
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4
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Zhou J, Meng L, Yang Z, Wang JJ. Enantio- and Regioselective Cascade Hydroboration of Methylenecyclopropanes for Facile Access to Chiral 1,3- and 1,4-Bis(boronates). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400096. [PMID: 38477439 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chiral 1, n-bis(boronate) plays a crucial role in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, their catalytic and asymmetric synthesis has long posed a challenge in terms of operability and accessibility from readily available substrates. The recent discovery of the C═C bond formation through β-C elimination of methylenecyclopropanes (MCP) has provided an exciting opportunity to enhance molecular complexity. In this study, the catalyzed asymmetric cascade hydroboration of MCP is developed. By employing different ligands, various homoallylic boronate intermediate are obtained through the hydroboration ring opening process. Subsequently, the cascade hydroboration with HBpin or B2pin2 resulted in the synthesis of enantioenriched chiral 1,3- and 1,4-bis(boronates) in high yields, accompanied by excellent chemo- and enantioselectivities. The selective transformation of these two distinct C─B bonds also demonstrated their application potential in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Liang M, Liu C, Ju W, Han S, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Iridium-Catalyzed Ortho-Selective C-H Borylation of Aryl Ketones with Transient Imine Ligands. Org Lett 2024; 26:4224-4228. [PMID: 38726872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ortho-selective C-H borylation of aromatic ketones has not been extensively explored. Herein, we report the iridium-catalyzed ortho-selective C-H borylation of aromatic ketones using in situ-formed imine as the ligand. Good compatibility is observed for various substituted acetophenones and other aromatic ketones, and corresponding products are obtained with medium to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuangchuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuxiong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China
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6
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Zapf L, Finze M. Lewis Acid Decorated Hexacyanodiborane(6) Dianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401681. [PMID: 38530744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
First examples of diborane(6) dianions decorated with weakly coordination B(C6F5)3 (BCF) groups and SiEt3 + moieties have been synthesized demonstrating the synthetic potential of the [B2(CN)6]2- dianion. [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}6]2- (1) was isolated as potassium and tetrabutylammonium salt. 1 is a rare example for a weakly coordinating dianion and it was used for the stabilization of the carbocation [Ph3C]+ and the oxonium acid [H(OEt2)2]+. Reaction of [Ph3C]21 with HSiEt3 resulted in the silylated neutral diborane(6) [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}4(CNSiEt3)2] (2) in which two BCF groups have been selectively replaced by SiEt3 + substituents, underscoring the stability and chemical versatility of the [B2(CN)6]2- dianion. The chemical properties and physicochemical data of 1 and 2 provide insight into electronic, coordinating, and steric properties of theses novel diborane(6) compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Boronski JT, Crumpton AE, Roper AF, Aldridge S. A nucleophilic beryllyl complex via metathesis at [Be-Be] 2. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01534-9. [PMID: 38760434 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its high toxicity, the chemistry of element number four, beryllium, is poorly understood. However, as the lightest elements provide the basis for fundamental models of chemical bonding, there is a need for greater insight into the properties of beryllium. In this context, the chemistry of the homo-elemental Be-Be bond is of fundamental interest. Here the ligand metathesis chemistry of diberyllocene (1; CpBeBeCp)-a stable complex with a Be-Be bond-has been investigated. These studies yield two complexes with Be-Be bonds: Cp*BeBeCp (2) and [K{(HCDippN)2BO}2]BeBeCp (3; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the Be-Be bond in 3 is polarized to such an extent that the complex could be formulated as a mixed-oxidation state Be0/BeII complex. Correspondingly, it is demonstrated that 3 can transfer the 'beryllyl' anion, [BeCp]-, to an organic substrate, by analogy with the reactivity of sp2-sp3 diboranes. Indeed, this work reveals striking similarities between the homo-elemental bonding linkages of beryllium and boron, despite the respective metallic and non-metallic natures of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aisling F Roper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Morton PA, Boyce AL, Pišpek A, Stewart LW, Ward DJ, Tegner BE, Macgregor SA, Mansell SM. Catalyst Design for Rh-Catalyzed Arene and Alkane C-H Borylation: The NHC Affects the Induction Period, and Indenyl is Superior to Cp. Organometallics 2024; 43:974-986. [PMID: 38756993 PMCID: PMC11094794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In order to establish design criteria for Rh C-H borylation catalysts, analogues of the successful catalyst [Rh(Ind)(SIDipp)(COE)] (Ind = η5-indenyl, SIDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene, and COE = cis-cyclooctene) were synthesized by changing the indenyl and carbene ligands. [RhCp(SIDipp)(COE)] (1) formed alongside the C-C activated, cyclometalated byproduct [RhCp(κ2CAr,Ccarbene-SIDipp')(iPr)] (rac-2; SIDipp' = 1-(6-isopropylphenyl)-3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene). Computational modeling of COE dissociation showed that both C-C and C-H activation of the SIDipp aryl group is thermally attainable and reversible under experimental conditions, with the C-C activation products being the more thermodynamically stable species. Oxidative addition of 1 with SiH(OEt)3 gave the Rh silyl hydride [RhCp(H){Si(OEt)3}(SIDipp)] (rac-3). [Rh(Ind)(IDipp)(COE)] (4; IDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazole-2-ylidene), the carbonyl analogue [Rh(Ind)(IDipp)(CO)] (5; νCO = 1940 cm-1, cf. 1944 cm-1 for [Rh(Ind)(SIDipp)(COE)]), and [Rh(Ind)(IMe4)(COE)] (6; IMe4 = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) were also characterized, but attempts to synthesize Rh carbene complexes with fluorenyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrofluorenyl ligands were not successful. For the catalytic C-H borylation of benzene using B2pin2, 1 was inactive at 80 °C, and [Rh(Ind)(SIDipp)(COE)] was superior to all other complexes tested due to the shortest induction period. However, the addition of HBpin to precatalyst 4 eliminated the induction period. Catalytic n-alkane C-H borylation using [Rh(Ind)(NHC)(COE)] gave yields of up to 21% alkylBpin, but [RhCp*(C2H4)2] was the better catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Morton
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Abigayle L. Boyce
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Anamarija Pišpek
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Lennox W. Stewart
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Daniel J. Ward
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | | | | | - Stephen M. Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
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9
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Rutz PM, Kleeberg C. Copper Catalyzed Borylation of Alkynes: An Experimental Mechanistic Study. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400286. [PMID: 38738792 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The copper catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes with B2pin2 was studied by in detail studies of individual relevant steps along the catalytic pathway. A number of reaction steps were retraced by in situ NMR spectroscopy as well as central intermediates and side-products were isolated and comprehensively characterized. A copper boryl complex is central to the catalytic process by inserting the terminal alkyne substrate into the B-Cu bond. The selectivity of this step - depending on the NHC auxiliary ligand - determines the α/β selectivity observed in the product. The latter complex is protonated by the auxiliary alcohol reagent resulting in hydroboration product formation and formation of a Cu alkoxido complex. Reaction of the latter with B2pin2 results in the regeneration of the central copper boryl complex. This alcoholysis step depends on the acidity of the alcohol, in particular on the relative acidity of the alcohol vs. the alkyne substrate. A number of side reactions leading to the hydrogenation product of the alkyne substrate and a bis hydroborated product were identified and studied in some detail. It is concluded that the performance of a particular catalytic system depends crucially on the relative acidities of the reagents and generalizations may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Rutz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Beagan DM, Rivera C, Szymczak NK. Appended Lewis Acids Enable Dioxygen Reactivity and Catalytic Oxidations with Ni(II). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12375-12385. [PMID: 38661576 PMCID: PMC11148854 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a suite of Ni(II) complexes featuring secondary sphere Lewis acids of varied Lewis acidity and tether lengths. Several of these complexes feature atypical behavior of Ni(II): reactivity with O2 that occurs only in the presence of a tethered Lewis acid. In situ UV-vis spectroscopy revealed that, although adducts are stable at -40 °C, complexes containing 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) Lewis acids underwent irreversible oxidative deborylation when warmed to room temperature. We computationally and experimentally identified that oxidative instability of appended 9-BBN moieties can be mitigated using weaker Lewis acids such as pinacolborane (BPin). These insights enabled the realization of catalytic reactions: hydrogen atom abstraction from phenols and room temperature oxygen atom transfer to PPh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carolina Rivera
- University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nathaniel K Szymczak
- University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Fornwald RM, Yadav A, Montero Bastidas JR, Smith MR, Maleczka RE. Simple and Green Preparation of Tetraalkoxydiborons and Diboron Diolates from Tetrahydroxydiboron. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6048-6052. [PMID: 38640193 PMCID: PMC11077490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Tetraalkoxydiborons can be easily prepared by acid-catalyzed reactions of tetrahydroxydiboron or its anhydride with trialkyl orthoformates. Addition of diols to these reaction mixtures afforded diboron diolates in high yield. In both cases, removal of volatile byproducts is all that is required for the isolation of the diboron. These methods constitute a convenient alternative to previous preparations from tetrakis (dimethylamino) diboron and tetrahydroxydiboron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose R. Montero Bastidas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert E. Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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12
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Sahoo M, Lee JW, Lee S, Choe W, Jung B, Kwak J, Hong SY. Isolation and Reactivity of Arylnickel(II) Complexes in Nickel-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Fluorosulfates. JACS AU 2024; 4:1646-1653. [PMID: 38665649 PMCID: PMC11040702 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Aryl fluorosulfates have emerged as versatile SuFExable substrates, harnessing the reactivity of the S-F bond. In this study, we unveil their alternative synthetic utility in nickel-catalyzed borylation via C-O bond activation. This method highlights mild reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and moderate functional group tolerance, rendering it a practical and appealing approach for synthesizing a diverse array of aryl boronate esters. Furthermore, computational analysis sheds light on the reaction pathways, uncovering the participation of LNi(0) and LNi(II)ArX species. This insight is supported by the 31P NMR reaction monitoring along with isolation and single-crystal X-ray structural elucidation of well-defined arylnickel(II) intermediates obtained from the oxidative addition of aryl fluorosulfates. A comprehensive investigation, merging experimental and computational approaches, deepens our understanding of the alternative reactivity of SuFExable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj
Kumar Sahoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghyuck Jung
- Department
of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk
Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Kwak
- Infectious
Diseases Therapeutic Research Center, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Division of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacology, KRICT School, University of Science and
Technology (UST), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of
Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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13
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Prakash A, Basappa S, Jeebula B, Nagaraju DH, Dhayal RS, Bose SK. A Simple Nickel Metal-Organic Framework-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Chlorides and Bromides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2569-2573. [PMID: 38527017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We report a recyclable and efficient catalyst system based on a nickel-benzene tricarboxylic acid metal-organic framework (Ni-BTC MOF) for the borylation of aryl halides, including aryl chlorides, with bis(pinacolato)diboron, affording aryl boronate esters in high yields (up to >99% yield) with high selectivity. This protocol demonstrates broad functional group tolerance. Catalyst can be recyclable up to four times, and gram-scale reactions further highlights the usefulness of this method. In situ EPR experiments confirmed the formation of catalytically active Ni(I) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Prakash
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Suma Basappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Bhavya Jeebula
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Doddahalli H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Rajendra S Dhayal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India
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14
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Lei Z, Yao J, Xiao Y, Liu WH, Yu L, Duan W, Li CJ. Dual role of nitroarenes as electrophiles and arylamine surrogates in Buchwald-Hartwig-type coupling for C-N bond construction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3552-3561. [PMID: 38455022 PMCID: PMC10915857 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely utilized methods for the construction of C(sp2)-N bonds is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl halides/boronic acids with amines, known as Ullmann condensation, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, and Chan-Lam coupling. However, aryl halides/boronic acids often require multi-step preparation while generating a large amount of corrosive and toxic waste, making the reaction less attractive. Herein, we present an unprecedented method for the C(sp2)-N formation via Buchwald-Hartwig-type reactions using synthetically upstream nitroarenes as the sole starting materials, thus eliminating the need for arylhalides and pre-formed arylamines. A diverse range of symmetrical di- and triarylamines were obtained in a single step from nitroarenes, and more importantly, various unsymmetrical di- and triarylamines were also highly selectively synthesized in a one-pot/two-step process. Furthermore, the success of the scale-up experiments, the late-stage functionalization of a drug intermediate, and the rapid preparation of hole-transporting material TCTA showcased the utility and practicality of this protocol in synthetic chemistry. Mechanistic studies indicate that this transformation may proceed via an arylamine intermediate generated in situ from the reduction of nitroarenes, which is followed by a denitrative Buchwald-Hartwig-type reaction with another nitroarene to form a C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Wengui Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University East Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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15
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Junaid M, Happy S, Yadagiri D. Light-induced arylation (alkylation) of N-sulfonylhydrazones with boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2796-2799. [PMID: 38362736 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00161c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Di- and triarylmethanes are an important class of compounds in many fields. Here, we report an efficient light-induced arylation (alkylation) for the synthesis of diarylmethanes, bis(diarylmethyl)benzenes, arylalkylmethanes, and triarylmethanes from readily accessible N-sulfonylhydrazones and aryl/alkylboronic acids with the aid of Cs2CO3. In the presence of light, the synthesis of diarylmethanes was also achieved from aldehydes in a one-pot manner via a three-component approach in good yields. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the synthetic utility by synthesizing organoboron compounds and 2°-alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Junaid
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sharma Happy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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16
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Guo X, Lin Z. Boryls, their compounds and reactivity: a structure and bonding perspective. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3060-3070. [PMID: 38425516 PMCID: PMC10901493 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Boryls and their compounds are important due to their diverse range of applications in the fields of materials science and catalysis. They are an integral part of boron chemistry, which has attracted tremendous research interest over the past few decades. In this perspective, we provide an in-depth analysis of the reaction chemistry of boryl compounds from a structure and bonding perspective. We discuss the reactivity of boryls in various transition metal complexes and diborane(4) compounds towards different substrate molecules, with a focus on their nucleophilic and electrophilic properties in various reaction processes. Additionally, we briefly discuss the reactivity of boryl radicals. Our analysis sheds new light on the unique properties of boryls and their potential for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong
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17
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Li K, Li R, Cui Y, Liu C. Decarbonylative borylation of aryl anhydrides via rhodium catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1693-1698. [PMID: 38305759 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Decarbonylative borylation of aryl anhydrides by rhodium catalysis has been reported. A base-free system with Rh(PPh3)3Cl as a catalyst enables the efficient synthesis of various arylboronate esters from readily available aryl anhydrides. The reaction involves the cleavage of C(O)-O bonds and the formation of C-B bonds. The experimental results demonstrated that compared with carboxylic acids, amides, and esters, anhydrides have higher reactivity in the decarbonylative borylation reaction under the current conditions. Furthermore, compared with the reported palladium-catalyzed borylation reaction of aryl anhydrides, the present rhodium-catalyzed method has the advantages of a shorter reaction time and a lower reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Ruxing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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18
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Zhao Q, Rahman MM, Zhou T, Yang S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Wingtip-Flexible N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318703. [PMID: 38135660 PMCID: PMC10922840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
IMes (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3- bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely-rotatable N-aromatic wingtips in the imidazol-2-ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N-CH2 Ar bond with conformationally-fixed N-Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)-catalyzed β-hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)-NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N-wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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19
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Ahmad A, Gayen S, Mishra S, Afsan Z, Bontemps S, Ghosh S. Doubly Base-Stabilized Diborane(4) and Borato-Boronium Species and Their Chemistry with Chalcogens. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3376-3382. [PMID: 38329931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to isolate diborane(4) derivatives, we have developed an efficient and uncatalyzed approach using [BH3·THF] and the mercaptopyridine ligand. Thermolysis of 2-mercaptopyridine, in the presence of [BH3·THF], afforded a doubly base-stabilized diborane(4) species 1, [HB(μ-C5H4NS)]2, along with the formation of its isomeric species 2, [HB(μ-C5H4NS)]2, albeit in less yield. Based on the coordination of the boron with the mercaptopyridine ligand in 2 and its spectroscopic data, compound 2 has been designated as a borato-boronium species, in which the anionic borate and cationic boronium units are covalently bonded to each other. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the oxidative insertion of chalcogen atoms (S and Se) through the B-B bond of the base-stabilized diborane(4), 1, that yielded chalcogenido-diboron species, 3(S) and 4(Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sourav Gayen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shivankan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Zeenat Afsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sébastien Bontemps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31077, Cedex 04, France
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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20
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Zeng HH, Wang YQ, He YY, Zhong XL, Li H, Ma AJ, Peng JB. Cooperative Cu/Pd-Catalyzed 1,5-Boroacylation of Cyclopropyl-Substituted Alkylidenecyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2637-2648. [PMID: 38277477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A Cu/Pd-cocatalyzed 1,5-boroacylation of cyclopropyl-substituted ACPs with B2pin2 and acid chlorides has been developed. Using cyclopropyl-substituted ACPs as the starting material, a broad range of 1,5-boroacylated products with multiple functional groups was prepared in good yields with excellent regio- and stereoselectively. Both aromatic and aliphatic acid chlorides were tolerated in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yu He
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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21
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Paul S, Panda S. Synthesis of Boronic Esters from Organometallic Reagents and Bis(pinacolato)diboron. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300911. [PMID: 38131458 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of alkyl, aryl, and vinyl boronic esters carrying various chiral and achiral diol-protecting groups were synthesized starting from the corresponding alkyl, aryl, and vinyl lithium or Grignard reagents. Good to excellent yields were obtained for a large range of substrates. The reaction can be conducted in a gram scale to obtain the product over 80 % yield. This approach provides direct access to neopentyl, pinene, and other boronic esters that are difficult to achieve. Using trimethoxyborane or 2-isopropoxy pinacolboronic ester. Detailed mechanistic studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism behind the formation of boronic ester starting from organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Paul
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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22
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Li J, Tanaka H, Imagawa T, Tsushima T, Nakamoto M, Tan J, Yoshida H. Ethynyl-B(dan) in [3+2] Cycloaddition and Larock Indole Synthesis: Synthesis of Stable Boron-Containing Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303403. [PMID: 38109084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with ethynyl-B(dan) (dan=naphthalene-1,8-diaminato) allowed the facile preparation of diverse isoxazolyl-B(dan) compounds, all of which displayed excellent protodeborylation-resistant properties. The dan-installation on the boron center proves vital to the high stability of the products as well as the perfect regioselectivity arising from hydrogen bond-directed orientation in the cycloaddition. The diminished boron-Lewis acidity of ethynyl-B(dan) also renders it amenable to azide-alkyne cycloaddition, Larock indole synthesis and related heteroannulations. The obtained boron-containing triazole, indoles, benzofuran and indenone exhibit sufficient resistance toward protodeborylation. Despite the commonly accepted transmetalation-inactive property derived from the diminished Lewis acidity, the synthesized heteroaryl-B(dan) compound was still found to be convertible to the oligoarene via sequential Suzuki-Miyaura coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Li
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hideya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Taiki Imagawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsushima
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Jiajing Tan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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23
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Mao X, Lu Z, Zhang J, Xie Z. Catalyst-Free Regioselective Diborylation of Aryllithium with Tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317614. [PMID: 38123525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free 1,2-diborylation of aryllithium with tetra(o-tolyl)diborane(4) has been achieved, giving a series of 1,2-diborylaryl lithium species in excellent yields under mild reaction conditions, which leads to 1,2-di(tolyl)borylarenes in 60-91 % yields upon treatment with the hydride-abstracting reagent. In these transformations, one sp2 C-H of arene is activated and both boryl units are utilized to build two new (sp2 )C-B bonds. This represents a new strategy for selective arene diborylation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that an aromatic nucleophilic substitution is a key step in the formation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenpin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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24
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Kistner L, Sigmund LM, Grieser FF, Krauß J, Leingang S, Kaifer E, Greb L, Himmel HJ. Metal-Free B-B Dehydrocoupling Reaction of a Simple Borane Adduct: Convenient Access to a Nucleophilic Diborane(4). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317462. [PMID: 38010620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The selective formation of homonuclear bonds is of key importance in synthetic chemistry. Especially, dehydrocoupling reactions are attractive as ecologically and economically friendly alternatives to established reductive bond forming reactions, since they do not require the use of stoichiometric amounts of a reducing reagent and produce only valuable dihydrogen as by-product. Here, we report on a metal-free B-B dehydrocoupling reaction that starts directly from a simple, easily accessible BH3 adduct, providing convenient access to a new nucleophilic dihydridodiborane in excellent yield. The dihydridodiborane in turn activates dihydrogen, allowing to obtain quantitatively the dideuteridodiborane from the dihydridodiborane by D2 activation. On the basis of detailed quantum-chemical calculations, the mechanism of this unprecedented reaction is elucidated. Some key points that are essential for metal-free dehydrocoupling are disclosed, paving the way for their systematic evaluation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kistner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Maximilian Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Frank Grieser
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Krauß
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Leingang
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Velasco-Rubio Á, Cong F, Tian Y, Martin R. Ni-Catalyzed 1,2-Alkyl Borylation and Silylation of Allenes En Route to [1,3]-Bis-Organometallic Reagents. Org Lett 2023; 25:9147-9152. [PMID: 38095944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed multicomponent reaction that rapidly and reliably accesses [1,3]-bis-organometallic reagents from allenes is reported. The protocol exhibits a predictable regioselectivity pattern that enables the incorporation of B,B(Si) fragments across the allene backbone under mild conditions, thus offering a complementary platform for accessing polyorganometallic reagents possessing both sp2 and sp3 hybridization from readily available precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yubiao Tian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Wang Y, Tran PM, Lahm ME, Wei P, Adams ER, Schaefer HF, Robinson GH. From Carbene-Dithiolene Zwitterion Mediated B-H Bond Activation to BH 3·SMe 2-Assisted Boron-Boron Bond Formation. Organometallics 2023; 42:3328-3333. [PMID: 38098647 PMCID: PMC10716900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The 1:1 reaction of the carbene-stabilized dithiolene zwitterion 1 with BH3·SMe2 gave the dithiolene-based hydroborane 2 and the doubly hydrogen-capped CAAC species 3 via hydride-coupled reverse electron transfer processes. The mechanism of this transformation was probed computationally using density functional theory. The subsequent 2:1 reaction of 2 with 1 resulted in 4 and 3, suggesting that 1 can mediate the B-H bond activation not only for BH3 but also for monohydroboranes. In the presence of BH3·SMe2, 2 was unexpectedly converted to the corresponding diborane(4) complex 5 through a dehydrocoupling reaction at an elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Phuong M. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Mitchell E. Lahm
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Earle R. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
| | - Gregory H. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Computational Chemistry, The
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, United States
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27
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Ghorai D, Das KK, Panda S. Carbonyl group directed synthesis of 3-boryl-3-substituted alkenyl oxindoles and tetrasubstituted β-borylenones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14447-14450. [PMID: 37982264 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-free carbonyl directed boron-Wittig reaction of α-bis(boryl)carbanions with the corresponding isatins or with the α-keto esters/amides was achieved to access alkenyl oxindoles in good yield and high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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28
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Bhawar R, Saini S, Patil KS, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Boronate Esters via CeO 2-Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Electrophiles Including Alkyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16270-16279. [PMID: 37957832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A recyclable protocol using a CeO2-nanorod catalyst for borylation of alkyl halides with B2pin2 (pin = OCMe2CMe2O) is reported. A wide range of synthetically useful alkyl boronate esters are readily obtained from primary and secondary alkyl electrophiles, including unactivated alkyl chlorides, demonstrating broad utility and functional group tolerance. Preliminary investigation revealed an involvement of in situ formed catalytically active boryl species. The catalyst can be reused for up to six runs without appreciable loss in activity. In addition, we have demonstrated the use of this recyclable catalyst for the borylation of aryl halides with B2pin2, providing valuable aryl boronate esters under neat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Suresh Saini
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Kiran S Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
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29
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Werner L, Hagn J, Radius U. NHC-Stabilized Dialanes(4) of Al 2 Mes 4. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303111. [PMID: 37792718 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized dialanes Al2 Mes4 as well as first investigations concerning the reactivity of these compounds are reported. The synthesis of these compounds proceeds via the mesityl-substituted alanes (NHC)⋅AlHMes2 (NHC=IMeMe {=1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene}, IiPrMe {=1,3-di-iso-propyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene}) and iodo-alanes (NHC)⋅AlIMes2 (NHC=IMeMe , IiPrMe ). Metallic reduction of (NHC)⋅AlIMes2 afforded the new NHC-stabilized dialanes (NHC)2 ⋅Al2 Mes4 (NHC=IMeMe , IiPrMe ). The NHC-ligated dialanes are thermally robust and storable synthons for the dialane Al2 Mes4 . First reactivity studies on (IMeMe )2 ⋅Al2 Mes4 towards small molecules confirm this, as this compound shows controlled and selective reactions with several substrates. Reaction with CuCl leads to oxidation of the dialane and formation of (IMeMe )⋅AlClMes2 , reactions with pyridine N-oxide and t Bu-N=C=S, respectively, gave the chalcogenide-bridged dimers {(IMeMe )⋅AlMes2 }2 -μ-E (E=O, S), and reaction with acetylene afforded the dimetallaacetylide {(IMeMe )⋅AlMes2 }2 -μ-(C≡C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julika Hagn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Lou X, Lin J, Kwok CY, Lyu H. Stereoselective Unsymmetrical 1,1-Diborylation of Alkynes with a Neutral sp 2 -sp 3 Diboron Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312633. [PMID: 37822069 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of two distinct boryl groups at the same carbon center in organic molecules has attracted growing research interest due to its potential for facilitating controlled, precise synthesis through stepwise dual carbon-boron bond transformations. Here we report a method to access unsymmetrical 1,1-diborylalkene (UDBA) stereoselectively via the reaction of readily available alkynes with a neutral sp2 -sp3 diboron reagent (NHC)BH2 -Bpin (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene). Attributing to the chemically easily distinguishable nature of the sp2 and sp3 boryl moieties, controllable stepwise derivatization of the resultant UDBAs is realized. This process leads to various multifunctionalized olefins and organoborons, such as acylboranes, which are difficult to prepare by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Lou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Yin Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hairong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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31
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Li Y, Yin G. Nickel Chain-Walking Catalysis: A Journey to Migratory Carboboration of Alkenes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3246-3259. [PMID: 37910401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusChain-walking offers extensive opportunities for innovating synthetic methods that involve constructing chemical bonds at unconventional sites. This approach provides previously inaccessible retrosynthetic disconnections in organic synthesis. Through chain-walking, transition metal-catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions can take place in a 1,n-addition (n ≠ 2) mode. Unlike classical 1,2-regioselective difunctionalization reactions, there remains a scarcity of reports regarding migratory patterns. Moreover, the range of olefins utilized in these studies is quite limited.About five years ago, our research group embarked on a project aimed at developing valuable migratory difunctionalization reactions of alkenes through chain-walking. Our focus was on carboboration of alkenes utilizing nickel catalysis. The reaction commences with the migratory insertion of an olefin into a Ni-Bpin species. Subsequently, a thermodynamically stable alkyl nickel complex is generated through a chain-walking process. This complex then couples with a carbon-based electrophile, leading to the formation of an alkylboron compound. It is worth highlighting that the success of these transformations relies significantly on the utilization of a bisnitrogen-based ligand and LiOMe as a B2pin2 activator. Synthetically, these migratory carboboration reactions establish a robust platform for the rapid and efficient synthesis of a wide range of structurally diverse organoboron compounds, which are not facially accessed by conventional methods. The incorporation of a versatile boron group introduces a wealth of possibilities for subsequent diversifications, significantly enhancing the value of the resulting products and allowing for the creation of a broader range of valuable derivatives and applications.This Account provides a comprehensive overview of our research efforts and advancements in the field of migratory carboboration of unactivated alkenes using nickel catalysis. We begin by outlining the development of a series of 1,1-regioselective carboboration reactions of terminal alkenes. A significant focus is placed on the initial integration of boronate, which not only triggers the formation of thermodynamically stable metal species but also exerts control over remote stereochemistry in reactions involving substituted methylenecyclohexenes. Continuing our exploration, remarkable success is achieved in 1,3-regio- and cis-stereoselectivity when dealing with cyclic alkenes. Remarkably, nickel chain-walking catalysis enables heterocyclic alkenes to be viable coupling partners within our transformations. Moreover, it grants us the ability to achieve regioselectivity for cyclohexenes that was previously unattainable, thus expanding the horizons of regiochemical control in these reactions. Lastly, we present the evolution of ligand-modulated regiodivergent carboboration of allylarenes. By gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms driving regiodivergence, we lay a strong foundation for tackling challenges related to selecting specific sites in chain-walking reactions, especially when dealing with multiple stable factors. We anticipate that our findings, coupled with the mechanistic insights we've gained, will not only advance the realm of nickel chain-walking catalysis but also contribute to the broader understanding of selectivity control in reactions of this nature. This advancement will also catalyze the synthesis of intricate functional molecules, contributing to the creation of complex and valuable compounds in the realm of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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32
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Paul S, Mondal R, Geetharani K. Synthesis of α-Seleno Boronates via Diboration of Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300761. [PMID: 37750433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A method has been described for accessing α-seleno alkyl boronates. The selenoboration was achieved via the diboration of carbonyl compounds to give α-oxyl boronates, which then undergo 1,2-metalate rearrangement in the presence of lithium selenolates and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). A variety of structurally diverse substrates were compatible with this protocol and efficiently provides difunctionalized products from simple starting materials. The presence of the boronic ester in the resulting organoselenium compounds serves as a versatile synthetic handle for various functionalizations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the binding of selenium nucleophile to both the boron centers in α-oxyl boronate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufal Paul
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, Bangalore, INDIA
| | - Rahul Mondal
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, Bangalore, INDIA
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, Bangalore, INDIA
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33
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Tendera L, Kuehn L, Marder TB, Radius U. On the Reactivity of a NHC Nickel Bis-Boryl Complex: Reductive Elimination and Formation of Mono-Boryl Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302310. [PMID: 37551752 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first terminal mono-boryl complexes of nickel, which are not stabilized by a pincer ligand, is reported. The reaction of the nickel bis-boryl complex cis-[Ni(i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Bcat)2 ] 1 (cat=1,2-O2 C6 H4 ) with the small donor ligand PMe3 led to a complete ligand exchange at nickel with reductive elimination of B2 cat2 and formation of the bis-NHC adduct [B2 cat2 ⋅ (i Pr2 ImMe )2 ] 3 and [Ni(PMe3 )4 ] 2 as the metal-containing species. Electrophilic attack of MeI on complex 1 or ligand dismutation of 1 with trans-[Ni(i Pr2 ImMe )2 Br2 ] led to loss of only one boryl ligand of 1 and afforded the nickel mono-boryl complexes trans-[Ni(i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Bcat)Br] 4 a and trans-[Ni(i Pr2 ImMe )2 (Bcat)I] 4 b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tendera
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Kuehn
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Zheng H, Liu C, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen B, Hu Y, Chen Q. Catalytic Undirected Meta-Selective C-H Borylation of Metallocenes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304672. [PMID: 37632714 PMCID: PMC10625117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallocenes are privileged backbones in the fields of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, polymer science, etc. Direct C-H functionalization is undoubtedly the simplest approach for tuning the properties of metallocenes. However, owing to the presence of multiple identical C(sp2 )-H sites, this protocol often suffers from low reactivity and selectivity issues, especially for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized metallocenes. Herein, an efficient iridium-catalyzed meta-selective C-H borylation of metallocenes is reported. With no need of preinstalled directing groups, this approach enables a rapid synthesis of various boronic esters based on benzoferrocenes, ferrocenes, ruthenocene, and related half sandwich complex. A broad range of electron-deficient and -rich functional groups are all compatible with the process. Notably, C-H borylation of benzoferrocenes takes place exclusively at the benzene ring, which is likely ascribed to the shielding effect of pentamethylcyclopentadiene. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated by easy scalability to gram quantities, the conversion of boron to heteroatoms including N3 , SePh, and OAc, as well as diverse cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Hui Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Bing‐Zhi Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouJiangsu221116P. R. China
| | - Qing‐An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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35
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Gao L, Liang X, He L, Li G, Chen S, Cao J, Ma J, Wang G, Li S. Base-mediated C-B bond activation of benzylic boronate for the rapid construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11881-11889. [PMID: 37920335 PMCID: PMC10619622 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of tBuOK on the existing state of benzylic boronates in the solution phase has been investigated in detail by NMR analysis and DFT calculations. It was determined that simply using an excess of tBuOK (2.0 equivalents) can result in the full deborylation of benzylic boronates to afford free benzyl potassium species. These mechanistic insights were leveraged for the facile construction of β-silyl/boryl functionalized 1,1-diarylalkanes from aromatic alkenes via the combination of base-mediated silylboration or diborylation of aromatic alkenes and nucleophilic-type reactions with various electrophiles. Based on further machine-learning-assisted screening, the scope of electrophiles for this transformation can be generalized to the challenging aromatic heterocycles. Late-stage functionalization performed on several drug-relevant molecules generates the highly valuable 1,1-diaryl framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Linke He
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shengda Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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36
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Wang T, Wang ZJ, Wang M, Wu L, Fang X, Liang Y, Lv J, Shi Z. Metal-Free Stereoconvergent C-H Borylation of Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313205. [PMID: 37721200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Enamides, functional derivatives of enamines, play a significant role as synthetic targets. However, the stereoselective synthesis of these molecules has posed a longstanding challenge in organic chemistry, particularly for acyclic enamides that are less thermodynamically stable. In this study, we present a general strategy for constructing β-borylenamides by C-H borylation, which provides a versatile platform for generating the stereodefined enamides. Our approach involves the utilization of metalloid borenium cation, generated through the reaction of BBr3 and enamides in the presence of two different additives, avoiding any exogenous catalyst. Importantly, the stereoconvergent nature of this methodology allows for the use of starting materials with mixed E/Z configurations, thus highlighting the unique advantage of this chemistry. Mechanistic investigations have shed light on the pivotal roles played by the two additives, the reactive boron species, and the phenomenon of stereoconvergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- Wenzhou Key Lab of Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion, Zhejiang Province Key Lab of Leather Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiaowu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Jiahang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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37
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Kalkuhl TL, Qin L, Zhao L, Frenking G, Hadlington TJ. On the σ-complex character of bis(gallyl)/digallane transition metal species. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11088-11095. [PMID: 37860650 PMCID: PMC10583741 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
σ-complexes of homoatomic E-E bonds are key intermediates in catalytically relevant oxidative addition reactions, but are as yet unknown for the group 13 elements. Here, stable species best described as σ-complexes of a 1,2-dichlorodigallane derivative with Ni and Pd are reported. They are readily accessed through the combination of a 1,2-dichlorodigallane derivative, which features chelating phosphine functionalities, with Ni0 and Pd0 synthons. In-depth computational analyses of these complexes importantly reveal considerable Ga-Ga bonding interactions in both Ni and Pd complexes, despite the expected elongation of the Ga-Ga bond upon complexation, suggestive of σ-complex character as opposed to more commonly described bis(gallyl) character. Finally, the well-defined disproportion of the Ni complex is described, leading to a unique GaI-nickel complex, with concomitant expulsion of uncomplexed GaIII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till L Kalkuhl
- Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenberg Strasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lei Qin
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse D-35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Terrance J Hadlington
- Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München Lichtenberg Strasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
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Hosoya H, Akiyama T, Mashima K, Tsurugi H. Bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron (B 2nep 2) as a bidentate ligand and a reducing agent for early transition metal chlorides giving MCl 4(B 2nep 2) complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13154-13160. [PMID: 37655795 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01828h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We found that bis(neopentylglycolato)diboron (B2nep2) served as a bidentate ligand and a one-electron reducing agent for early transition metal chlorides to afford MCl4(B2nep2). Treatment of B2nep2 with MCl5 (M = Nb and Mo) produced MCl4(B2nep2) via two successive reactions, coordination of B2nep2 to the metal center and one-electron reduction from M(V) to M(IV), while coordination of B2nep2 to MCl4 (M = Zr, Ti) was observed without reduction of the central metals. DFT studies for the reduction of NbCl5 by B2nep2 clarified the initial formation of seven-coordinated and B2nep2-ligated Nb(V) species, NbCl5(B2nep2), and one chloride on niobium(V) moves to the Lewis acidic boron center to generate NbCl4[(B2nep2)Cl]. The chloride on the boron atom of NbCl4[(B2nep2)Cl] is trapped by the second B2nep2 to give [NbCl4(B2nep2)][ClB2nep2]. After the formation of [ClB2nep2]- as an anionic sp2-sp3 diboron adduct, one-electron reduction of the niobium(V) center produces NbCl4(B2nep2) along with [ClB2nep2]˙ as a plausible diboron species, whose decomposition affords ClBnep and B2nep2. The reduction of metal halides in the presence of B2nep2 was exemplified by green LED irradiation of TiCl4(B2nep2), producing chloride-bridged titanium(III) species, (B2nep2)TiCl2(μ-Cl)2TiCl2(B2nep2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Hosoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Takuya Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Liu HY, Mahon MF, Hill MS. Aluminum-Boron Bond Formation by Boron Ester Oxidative Addition at an Alumanyl Anion. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15310-15319. [PMID: 37672789 PMCID: PMC10521018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The potassium diamidoalumanyl, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2), reacts with the terminal B-O bonds of pinacolato boron esters, ROBpin (R = Me, i-Pr), and B(OMe)3 to provide potsassium (alkoxy)borylaluminate derivatives, [K{Al(SiNDipp)(OR)(Bpin)}]n (R = Me, n = 2; R = i-Pr, n = ∞) and [K{Al(SiNDipp)(OMe)(B(OMe)2)}]∞, comprising Al-B σ bonds. An initial assay of the reactivity of these species with the heteroallene molecules, N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide and CO2, highlights the kinetic inaccessibility of their Al-B bonds; only decomposition at high temperature is observed with the carbodiimide, whereas CO2 preferentially inserts into the Al-O bond of [K{Al(SiNDipp)(OMe)(Bpin)}]2 to provide a dimeric methyl carbonate species. Treatment of the acyclic dimethoxyboryl species, however, successfully liberates a terminal alumaboronic ester featuring trigonal N2Al-BO2 coordination environments at both boron and aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
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Nie Z, Cheng R, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Reaction of 4-Bpin-o-Carborane with Ketones: Sequential Carbon Vertex Alkylation and B-B Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300598. [PMID: 37547963 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Diboron compounds are important reagents in a series of transition metal catalyzed or metal-free borylation reactions. We describe herein a unique reactivity of 4-Bpin-o-carborane with ketones under basic conditions, leading to sequential cage carbon alkylation, B-B bond activation and unexpected O-migration. The reaction was compatible with a good substrate scope including dialkyl or alkyl aryl ketones. The reaction mechanism is also proposed, involving cage CH deprotonation, nucleophilic attack of ketone, and O-migration along with B-B bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Nie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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41
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Babbar A, Yamini P, Saleem M, Yadagiri D. Transition metal-catalyzed reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for arylation (alkylation) and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7062-7078. [PMID: 37610724 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review article discussed the reactivity of carbenes with boronic acid derivatives for the one-pot synthesis of diarylmethanes, difluoromethylated arenes, aryl and alkyl boron compounds, arylacetic acid derivatives, furan derivatives, and many other compounds. We have summarized the arylation, vinylation, and alkylation of carbenes utilizing various transition metals, viz. palladium, rhodium, copper, and platinum, for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-boron bonds, and beyond through the cross-coupling strategy. The reason for the increasing popularity of these novel methodologies is their application in the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds and natural products. Notably, organoboron compounds are exemplified as versatile synthetic intermediates for constructing various bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Babbar
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Pokhriyal Yamini
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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42
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Pradhan AN, Bairagi S, Ghosh S. Diborane and Triborane Species in the Coordination Sphere of Group-8 Transition Metals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14790-14803. [PMID: 37624926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural elucidation of a series of ruthenium diborane and triborane compounds are described. Treatment of [Cp*Ru(PPh3)2Cl] (1) (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) with [BH3·THF] (THF = tetrahydrofuran) at 60 °C led to the formation of the hydrogen-rich ruthena-octahydrotetraborane arachno-[2-{Cp*Ru(PPh3)B3H8}] (2). The chemistry of 2 is explored with [Fe2(CO)9] at room temperature, which resulted in the formation of a metal-stabilized triborane species, [{Cp*Ru(PPh3)}(μ3-η1:η2:η2-B3H6){Fe2(CO)7}] (3). Compound 3 can be considered as a triborane analogue [B3H6]3- that stabilizes in the coordination sphere of two iron and one ruthenium atoms. Further, the photolysis of nido-[1,2-(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)2(B3H7)] (4) with [M(CO)5·THF] (M = Mo and W) afforded an arachno-[1,2-(Cp*Ru)(Cp*RuCO)(μ-H)(B3H8)] (5), in which the [M(CO)5·THF] acted as a CO source. In an attempt to convert arachno-5 into a closo or nido species, we have pyrolyzed arachno-5 in toluene at 90 °C for 20 h that afforded nido-[2,3-(Cp*Ru)2(μ-CO)(μ3-H)(B3H6)] (6) having two ruthenium atoms at the basal position. Irradiation of arachno-5 with an intermediate generated from CS2 and [LiBH4·THF] in THF afforded the diborane(5) species [(Cp*RuCO)(Cp*Ru)(μ-H)(μ-η1:η2-B2H4)(CS2H)] (7) in which a dithioformato ligand (SHC═S) is attached to one Ru-B bond. Compound 7 can be considered as a diborane(5) species, which is stabilized by a dithioformato ligand. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by employing electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, multinuclear NMR, and IR spectroscopy techniques. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of compounds 2, 3, 6, and 7 helped to establish the structural integrity of these compounds. Further, density functional theory studies were performed to provide insight into the bonding of these metal-stabilized diborane and triborane species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Nanda Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Subhash Bairagi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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43
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Wang H, Zhao JF, Zhu XL, Tian QQ, He W. Photoinduced Borylation of the Inert C(sp 3)-O Bond of Alkyl Heteroaryl Ethers. Org Lett 2023; 25:6485-6489. [PMID: 37668383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
A photoinduced reductive Calkyl-O borylation of alkyl heteroaryl ethers with very negative reduction potential in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and bis(catecholato)diborane(B2cat2) was developed. Despite the high reducing power, various substrates with liable functional groups were well-tolerated as well as ethers derived from natural products and medicinal-relevant compounds. Mechanistic investigation implied that an intra-single electron transfer process in an electron donor-acceptor complex formed from ethers with the adduct of B2cat2 and DMAP should be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Feng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Li Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
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44
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Kong Z, Hu W, Morken JP. 1,2-Diborylsilanes: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis and Site-Selective Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11522-11527. [PMID: 38469392 PMCID: PMC10927258 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
A Pt-catalyzed enantioselective hydrosilylation of (Z)-1,2-diborylethylene provides a 1,2-diboryl-1-silylalkane that can be used in catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Depending on the catalyst employed and the cross-coupling reaction conditions, the coupling can occur at either α or β relative to the silane center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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45
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Ogawa A, Yamamoto Y. Multicomponent Reactions between Heteroatom Compounds and Unsaturated Compounds in Radical Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:6356. [PMID: 37687185 PMCID: PMC10488953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we present our concepts for designing multicomponent reactions with reference to a series of sequential radical reactions that we have developed. Radical reactions are well suited for the design of multicomponent reactions due to their high functional group tolerance and low solvent sensitivity. We have focused on the photolysis of interelement compounds with a heteroatom-heteroatom single bond, which readily generates heteroatom-centered radicals, and have studied the photoinduced radical addition of interelement compounds to unsaturated compounds. First, the background of multicomponent radical reactions is described, and basic concepts and methodology for the construction of multicomponent reactions are explained. Next, examples of multicomponent reactions involving two interelement compounds and one unsaturated compound are presented, as well as examples of multicomponent reactions involving one interelement compound and two unsaturated compounds. Furthermore, multicomponent reactions involving intramolecular cyclization processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiya Ogawa
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan;
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46
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Al Mamari HH, Borel J, Hickey A, Courtney E, Merz J, Zhang X, Friedrich A, Marder TB, McGlacken GP. Regioselective Iridium-Catalyzed C8-H Borylation of 4-Quinolones via Transient O-Borylated Quinolines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301734. [PMID: 37280155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The quinolone-quinoline tautomerization is harnessed to effect the regioselective C8-borylation of biologically important 4-quinolones by using [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 as the catalyst precursor, the silica-supported monodentate phosphine Si-SMAP as the ligand, and B2 pin2 as the boron source. Initially, O-borylation of the quinoline tautomer takes place. Critically, the newly formed 4-(pinBO)-quinolines then undergo N-directed selective Ir-catalyzed borylation at C8. Hydrolysis of the OBpin moiety on workup returns the system to the quinolone tautomer. The C8-borylated quinolines were converted to their corresponding potassium trifluoroborate (BF3 K) salts and to their C8-chlorinated quinolone derivatives. The two-step C-H borylation-chlorination reaction sequence resulted in various C8-Cl quinolones in good yields. Conversion to C8-OH-, C8-NH2 -, and C8-Ar-substituted quinolones was also feasible by using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H Al Mamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julie Borel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aobha Hickey
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Eimear Courtney
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Julia Merz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry & Analytical and, Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
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47
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Lu W, Hensiek N, Saha K, Dewhurst RD, Härterich M, Pranckevicius C, Hagspiel S, Dietz M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H. Electron-Precise Dicationic Tetraboranes: Syntheses, Structures and Rearrangement to an Alkylidene Borate-Borenium Zwitterion and a 1,3-Azaborinine. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300644. [PMID: 37272320 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbene-stabilized symmetrical and unsymmetrical dicationic tetraboranes, featuring an electron-precise tetraborane chain, were synthesized and fully characterized. Reactions of these tetraboranes with reductants/bases give rise to different outcomes according to the conditions employed, including: 1) reduction and rearrangement of the tetraborane chain to give a zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium species; 2) cleavage of the tetraborane chain to afford a 1,3-azaborinine; and 3) reduction of the supporting ligands to provide a diamino dipotassium salt. The zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium species can be viewed as an analogue of the base-stabilized diborenes. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal a highly polarized B-B bond in the zwitterionic alkylidene borate-borenium, in which the formal oxidation states of the boron atoms can be considered as -1 and +2. These results suggest the considerable potential of tetraboranes as synthons for low-valent boron species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Nicola Hensiek
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Koushik Saha
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hagspiel
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Tang M, Zhu W, Sun H, Wang J, Jing S, Wang M, Shi Z, Hu J. Facile preparation of organosilanes from benzylboronates and gem-diborylalkanes mediated by KO tBu. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7355-7360. [PMID: 37416710 PMCID: PMC10321478 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods to efficiently synthesize organosilanes are valuable in the fields of synthetic chemistry and materials science. During the past decades, boron conversion has become a generic and powerful approach for constructing carbon-carbon and other carbon-heteroatom bonds, but its potential application in forming carbon-silicon remains unexplored. Herein, we describe an alkoxide base-promoted deborylative silylation of benzylic organoboronates, geminal bis(boronates) or alkyltriboronates, allowing for straightforward access to synthetically valuable organosilanes. This selective deborylative methodology exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility and convenient scalability, providing an effective and complementary platform for the generation of diversified benzyl silanes and silylboronates. Detailed experimental results and calculated studies revealed an unusual mechanistic feature of this C-Si bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Huaxing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Su Jing
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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49
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Li FX, Wang X, Lin J, Lou X, Ouyang J, Hu G, Quan Y. Selective multifunctionalization of N-heterocyclic carbene boranes via the intermediacy of boron-centered radicals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6341-6347. [PMID: 37325159 PMCID: PMC10266453 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective difunctionalization of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes with alkenes has been achieved via decatungstate and thiol synergistic catalysis. The catalytic system also allows stepwise trifunctionalization, leading to complex NHC boranes with three different functional groups which are challenging to prepare by other methods. The strong hydrogen-abstracting ability of the excited decatungstate enables the generation of boryl radicals from mono- and di-substituted boranes for realizing borane multifunctionalization. This proof-of-principle research provides a new chance for fabricating unsymmetrical boranes and developing boron-atom-economic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xinmou Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jiaxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xiangyu Lou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Guanwen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yangjian Quan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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Ramesh Naidu V, Rafi AA, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE, Córdova A. Regio- and Stereoselective Carbon-Boron Bond Formation via Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Enallenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203950. [PMID: 36719323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient regio- and stereoselective heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed hydroboration reaction of enallenes was developed. Nanopalladium immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was successfully employed as an efficient catalyst for the enallene hydroboration reaction. The nanopalladium particles were shown by HAADF-STEM to have an average size of 2.4 nm. The cellulose-supported palladium catalyst exhibits high stability and provides vinyl boron products in good to high isolated yields (up to 90 %). The nanopalladium catalyst can be efficiently recycled and it was demonstrated that the catalyst can be used in 7 runs with a maintained high yield (>80 %). The vinylboron compounds prepared from enallenes are important synthetic intermediates that can be used in various organic synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veluru Ramesh Naidu
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A Rafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Cheuk-Wai Tai
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
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