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Zheng W, Chen Y, Pang W, Gao J, Li T. Riverine seasonal rainfall event tracing of organic pollution sources using fluorescence fingerprint difference spectrum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175024. [PMID: 39059669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transport and transformation under seasonal rainfall events is essential for the conservation of riverine ecosystems, for mitigating the effects of climate change, and for crafting informed water management strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the evolutionary characteristics of organic pollution sources during consecutive rainfall events in early spring and to quantify their relative contributions to the process of surface water pollution. The results showed seasonal rainfall induces water quality exceedances in rivers due to the combined impacts of terrestrial inputs and endogenous releases. Humic acid (HA) (region V) and fulvic acid (FA) (region III) emerged as the predominant organic matter in the water column, with their fluorescence intensity altering as rainwater flushed the riverbed. Sources of pollution include agricultural and urban domestic sources (AS + DS) (72.29 %), industrial and urban domestic and microbial sources (IS + DS + MS) (37.71 %), and agricultural and industrial sources (AS + IS) (63.32 %), indicating that agricultural surface pollution discharges contribute significantly. The gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) further confirmed that exogenous inputs were predominantly comprised of particulate pollutants. This study underscores the efficacy of fluorescence difference spectrometry in delineating the migration and transformation of river pollution sources during seasonal rainfall and facilitating the implementation of targeted management strategies for river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Weihai Pang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianling Gao
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; College of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, China
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Chen W, Yu S, Zhang H, Wei R, Ni J, Farooq U, Qi Z. Biochar-derived organic carbon promoting the dehydrochlorination of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and its molecular size effects: Synergies of dipole-dipole and conjugate bases. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121812. [PMID: 38810344 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The environmental effects of biochar-derived organic carbon (BDOC) have attracted increasing attention. Nevertheless, it is unknown how BDOC might affect the natural attenuation of widely distributed chloroalkanes (e.g., 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA)) in aqueous environments. We firstly observed that the kinetic constants (ke) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the presence of BDOC samples or their different molecular size fractions (<1 kDa, 1∼10 kDa, and >10 kDa) ranged from 9.16×103 to 26.63×103 M-1h-1, which was significantly greater than the ke (3.53×103 M-1h-1) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the aqueous solution at pH 8.0, indicating that BDOC samples and their different molecular size fractions all could promote TeCA dehydrochlorination. For a given BDOC sample, the kinetic constants (ke) of TeCA dehydrochlorination in the initial pH 9.0 solution was 2∼3 times greater than that in the initial pH 8.0 solution due to more formation of conjugate bases. Interestingly, their DOC concentration normalized kinetic constants (ke/[DOC]) were negatively correlated with SUVA254, and positively correlated with A220/A254 and the abundance of aromatic protein-like/polyphenol-like matters. A novel mechanism was proposed that the CH dipole of BDOC aliphatic structure first bound with the CCl dipole of TeCA to capture the TeCA molecule, then the conjugate bases (-NH-/-NH2 and deprotonated phenol-OH of BDOC) could attack the H atom attached to the β-C atom of bound TeCA, causing a CCl bond breaking and the trichloroethylene formation. Furthermore, a fraction of >1 kDa had significantly greater ke/[DOC] values of TeCA dehydrochlorination than the fraction of <1 kDa because >1 kDa fraction had higher aliphiticity (more dipole-dipole sites) as well as more N-containing species and aromatic protein-like/polyphenol-like matters (more conjugate bases). The results are helpful for profoundly understanding the BDOC-mediated natural attenuation and fate change of chloroalkanes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Ma H, Liu D, Deng J, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Hu W, Wu L, Fu P. Compositions and sources of fluorescent water-soluble and water-insoluble organic aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174627. [PMID: 38986712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC), the light-absorbing component of organic aerosols, plays a significant role in climate change and atmospheric photochemistry. However, the water-insoluble fractions of BrC have not been extensively studied, limiting the assessment of the overall climate effects of BrC. In this study, water-soluble and -insoluble organic carbon (i.e., WSOC and WIOC) in wintertime aerosols in Hefei were subsequently fractionated, and their fluorescence properties were comparatively investigated with the excitation-emission matrix method. WIOC contributing 57.1 % was the major component of organic carbon. WSOC with the largest contribution from humic-like regions exhibited a redshift compared to WIOC. Three humic-like substances (HULIS) with different oxidation degrees and one protein-like substances (PRLIS) were identified as the major fluorescent components by the parallel factor analysis. WSOC had more highly oxygenated HULIS, whereas low-oxygenated HULIS dominated WIOC. Nighttime WIOC contained more less-oxygenated species. The positive matrix factorization analysis suggested that biomass burning (43 %) was the largest source of both fluorescent WSOC and WIOC. Coal combustion contributed much more to fluorescent WIOC (40 %), whereas secondary formation contributed more to fluorescent WSOC (12 %). During aerosol pollution episodes, the increase in fluorescence efficiency was much greater for WIOC (25 %) than for WSOC (12 %), and WSOC and WIOC experienced a redshift and blueshift in emission wavelength, respectively. WSOC had more highly oxygenated HULIS, while WIOC had more less-oxygenated HULIS in aerosol episodes than the non-episodic periods. In addition, aerosol pollution was accompanied by the increased contributions of biomass burning and coal combustion to both fluorescent WSOC and WIOC, while the decreased relative contribution of secondary formation to fluorescent WSOC. Our findings highlighted the different fluorescence properties, compositions and sources of fluorescent WSOC and WIOC, providing a comprehensive view of BrC aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiaming Zhao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Material Engineering, Shanxi College of Technology, Shuozhou 036000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Libin Wu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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You B, Zhang Z, Du A, Li Y, Sun J, Li Z, Chen C, Zhou W, Xu W, Lei L, Fu P, Hou S, Li P, Sun Y. Seasonal characterization of chemical and optical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172508. [PMID: 38642752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) plays a crucial role in altering radiative forcing and impacting human health. However, our understanding of the seasonal variations of WSOA in Chinese megacities after the three-year clean air action plan is limited. In this study, we analyzed PM2.5 filter samples collected over one year (2020-2021) in Beijing to characterize the seasonal changes in the chemical and optical properties of WSOA using an offline aerosol mass spectrometer along with spectroscopy techniques. The mean mass concentration of WSOA during the observation period was 8.84 ± 7.12 μg m-3, constituting approximately 64-67 % of OA. Our results indicate the contribution of secondary OA (SOA) increased by 13-28 % due to a substantial reduction in primary emissions after the clean air action plan. The composition of WSOA exhibited pronounced seasonal variations, with a predominant contribution from less oxidized SOA in summer (61 %) and primary OA originating from coal combustion and biomass burning during the heating season (34 %). The mass absorption efficiency of WSOA at 365 nm in winter was nearly twice that in summer, suggesting that WSOA from primary emissions possesses a stronger light-absorbing capability than SOA. On average, water-soluble brown carbon accounted for 33-48 % of total brown carbon absorption. Fluorescence analysis revealed humic-like substances as the most significant fluorescence component of WSOA, constituting 82 %. Furthermore, both absorption and fluorescence chromophores were associated with nitrogen-containing compounds, highlighting the role of nitrogen-containing species in influencing the optical properties of WSOA. The results are important for chemical transport models to accurately simulate the WSOA and its climate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aodong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Xiao Y, Ma S, Yang S, He H, He X, Li C, Feng Y, Xu B, Tang Y. Using machine learning to trace the pollution sources of disinfection by-products precursors compared to receptor models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169671. [PMID: 38184251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
To increase the efficiency of managing backup water resources, it is critical to identify and allocate pollution sources. Source apportionment of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was investigated in our work. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and the Spearman correlation analysis were used for source identification. After that, a newly hybrid model applying the fuzzy c-means and support vector regression (FCM-SVR) was employed for source apportionment compared to receptor models. The results demonstrated that the FCM-SVR model exhibited excellent generalization, and only required standardization and normalization as pre-processing steps for dataset. According to the results, microbial sources played a key role (28.1 %) in the formation potential of disinfection byproducts (DBPFPs). Additionally, shipping marine sources exhibited a substantial contribution (21.2 %) to DBPFPs. The prediction accuracy of DBPFPs was matched or exceeded receptor models, and the R2 of DOC (0.884) was significantly high. Therefore, we recommend the FCM-SVR model combined with PARAFAC to trace the source of DBPFPs as its significant effectiveness in source identification, source apportionment, and prediction accuracy, possessing the potential for further applicability in tracking more organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The disinfection byproducts precursors in water sources, which were thought to be hazardous materials in this study, are proved to be chlorinated into carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water treatment, However, the source apportionment methods of DBPs are not well developed compared to other inorganic matter, e.g., heavy metals and ammonia nitrogen. We proposed a new FCM-SVR model to trace the source of DBPs, which required easier pre-treatment and resulted a better source apportionment and prediction accuracy. As a result, it could provide a different prospect and useful management advices to trace the source of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xiao
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shunjun Ma
- Shanghai Pudong Water Group, Shanghai 201300, China
| | - Shumin Yang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huan He
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environmental Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yulin Tang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Zhang H, Chen W, Qi Z, Qian W, Yang L, Wei R, Ni J. Biochar improved the solubility of triclocarban in aqueous environment: Insight into the role of biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141172. [PMID: 38211797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Biochar as an effective adsorbent can be used for the removal of triclocarban from wastewater. Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BC-DOC) is an important carbonaceous component of biochar, nonetheless, its role in the interaction between biochar and triclocarban remains little known. Hence, in this study, sixteen biochars derived from pine sawdust and corn straw with different physico-chemical properties were produced in nitrogen-flow and air-limited atmospheres at 300-750 °C, and investigated the effect of BC-DOC on the interaction between biochar and triclocarban. Biochar of 600∼750 °C with low polarity, high aromaticity, and high porosity presented an adsorption effect on triclocarban owing to less BC-DOC release as well as the strong π-π, hydrophobic, and pore filling interactions between biochar and triclocarban. In contrast and intriguingly, biochar of 300∼450 °C with low aromaticity and high polarity exhibited a significant solubilization effect rather than adsorption effect on triclocarban in aqueous solution. The maximum solubilization content of triclocarban in biochar-added solution reached approximately 3 times its solubility in biochar-free solution. This is mainly because the solubilization effect of BC-DOC surpassed the adsorption effect of biochar though the BC-DOC only accounted for 0.01-1.5 % of bulk biochar mass. Furthermore, the high solubilization content of triclocarban induced by biochar was dependent on the properties of BC-DOC as well as the increasing BC-DOC content. BC-DOC with higher aromaticity, larger molecular size, higher polarity, and more humic-like matters had a greater promoting effect on the water-solubility of triclocarban. This study highlights that biochar may promote the solubility of some organic pollutants (e.g., triclocarban) in aqueous environment and enhance their potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Liumin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
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Zhang H, Ni J, Qian W, Yu S, Xiang Y, Yang L, Chen W. Pyrolysis Atmospheres and Temperatures Co-Mediated Spectral Variations of Biochar-Derived Dissolved Organic Carbon: Quantitative Prediction and Self-Organizing Maps Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052247. [PMID: 36903493 PMCID: PMC10005102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), as a highly activated carbonaceous fraction of biochar, significantly affects the environmental effect of biochar. This study systematically investigated the differences in the properties of BDOC produced at 300-750 °C in three atmosphere types (including N2 and CO2 flows and air limitation) as well as their quantitative relationship with biochar properties. The results showed that BDOC in biochar pyrolyzed in air limitation (0.19-2.88 mg/g) was more than that pyrolyzed in N2 (0.06-1.63 mg/g) and CO2 flows (0.07-1.74 mg/g) at 450-750 °C. The aliphaticity, humification, molecular weight, and polarity of BDOC strongly depended on the atmosphere types as well as the pyrolysis temperatures. BDOC produced in air limitation contained more humic-like substances (0.65-0.89) and less fulvic-like substances (0.11-0.35) than that produced in N2 and CO2 flows. The multiple linear regression of the exponential form of biochar properties (H and O contents, H/C and (O+N)/C) could be used to quantitatively predict the bulk content and organic component contents of BDOC. Additionally, self-organizing maps could effectively visualize the categories of fluorescence intensity and components of BDOC from different pyrolysis atmospheres and temperatures. This study highlights that pyrolysis atmosphere types are a crucial factor controlling the BDOC properties, and some characteristics of BDOC can be quantitatively evaluated based on the properties of biochar.
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Yu S, Zhang H, Ni J, Xiang Y, Wei R, Qian W, Chen W. Spectral characteristics coupled with self-organizing maps analysis on different molecular size-fractionated water-soluble organic carbon from biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159424. [PMID: 36244488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived water-soluble organic carbon (BWSOC) plays important roles in the environmental effect of biochar. The environmental behavior and fate of BWSOC are closely related to its size distribution and chemical components. However, the molecular size-dependent BWSOC components and properties remain little known. To evaluate molecular size-dependent BWSOC characteristics, BWSOC samples were prepared by pyrolyzing biomasses in air-limitation and N2-flow atmospheres at 300-600 °C and fractionated through a series of membranes with different pore sizes including 0.7 μm, 0.45 μm, 100 kDa, 10 kDa, 3 kDa, and 1 kDa. In all BWSOCs, <1 kDa and 0.45-0.7 μm fractions had the maximum abundance (mean: 40.6 %) and the minimum abundance (mean: 4.4 %), respectively. The spectral characteristics of BWSOC including polarity index, spectral slope, and humification index varied significantly with molecular size. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis indicated that BWSOC was mainly composed of three organic components (humic-like, fulvic-like, and aromatic protein/polyphenol-like substances). Humic-like and fulvic-like substances mainly existed in <1 kDa fraction, while aromatic protein/polyphenol-like substances mainly existed in medium-size fractions (3 kDa-0.45 μm). The different locations of <1 kDa, 1 kDa-0.45 μm, and 0.45-0.7 μm fractions in EEM and PARAFAC self-organizing maps indicated self-organizing maps could effectively distinguish 0.45-0.7 μm, 1 kDa-0.45 μm, and < 1 kDa fractions via the variations of fluorescence intensity and organic components. Additionally, the distribution ratio of different molecular size fractions as well as the abundances of organic components in different molecular size fractions were strongly controlled by pyrolysis atmospheres (air-limitation and N2-flow). This study systematically clarified the organic components and properties of different molecular size fractions in BWSOC, and the results are helpful to understand the possible environmental behavior and fate of BWSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian normal university, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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9
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Chen J, Zhang H, Wei Q, Farooq U, Zhang Q, Lu T, Wang X, Chen W, Qi Z. Mobility of water-soluble aerosol organic matters (WSAOMs) and their effects on soil colloid-mediated transport of heavy metal ions in saturated porous media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129733. [PMID: 35969951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble aerosol organic matters (WSAOMs) produced by biomass pyrolysis/burning can penetrate subsurface environment, and are anticipated to have a profound effect on the fate of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Herein, WSAOMs derived from corn straw (CS-WSAOMs) and pinewood sawdust (PW-WSAOMs) pyrolysis at 300-900 °C were utilized to investigate their mobility characteristics and impacts on the transport of heavy metal ions (i.e., Cd2+) in saturated quartz sand with or without soil colloids. This study clearly demonstrated that WSAOMs in subsurface systems exhibited high mobility, which increased as WSAOMs molecular sizes decreased and hydrogen-bond interactions between WSAOMs and sand grains declined. WSAOMs significantly improved heavy metal (i.e., Cd2+) and soil colloid-mediated Cd2+ mobility in the porous media, which stemmed from the increased binding affinities of colloids toward metal ions and the high mobility of WSAOMs. Interestingly, in terms of the mobility and colloid-facilitated transport of Cd2+, WSAOMs from higher pyrolysis temperatures exhibited enhanced effects; meanwhile, the PW-WSAOMs demonstrated stronger effects than the CS-WSAOMs. The trends were mainly attributed to the differences in the metal-binding affinities (e.g., cation-π interactions) and transport abilities of WSAOMs, as well as diverse Cd2+ adsorption capacities of colloids induced by various WSAOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyan Chen
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/ School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qiqi Wei
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Usman Farooq
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ecology Institute of the Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Taotao Lu
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/ Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/ School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Engineering Research Center for Industrial Recirculation Water Treatment of Henan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Qian W, Wu L, Yu S, Wei R, Chen W, Ni J. Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from biomass pyrolysis: Biochar-derived DOC versus smoke-derived DOC, and their differences from natural DOC. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134869. [PMID: 35537622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar-derived dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and smoke-derived dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) are two different biomass-pyrogenic DOCs. They inevitably enter soil and water, then potentially pose different impacts on the chemistry of these media. This study systemically investigated the emissions and spectral characteristics of BDOC and SDOC as well as their differences from natural DOC. The results showed that the emission of SDOC was 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than that of BDOC after biomass pyrolysis. UV-vis spectra indicated that BDOC had higher aromaticity and molecular weight as well as lower polarity than SDOC. The two-dimensional correlation infrared spectrum (2D-PCIS) matrix indicated that BDOC contained more chemical groups with stronger temperature-dependence than SDOC. Fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC analysis showed that BDOC was dominated by macromolecular humic-like substances, while SDOC was primarily composed of small molecules of aromatic protein/polyphenols-like compounds. The fluorescence indicators including humification index (HIX) (0.08-0.76) and biological index (BIX) (1.18-1.72) of SDOC were significantly different from those of BDOC (HIX: 1.64-12.68, and BIX: 0.17-1.62). The higher BIX and more small molecules of aromatic protein/polyphenols-like compounds indicated SDOC had potentially higher bioavailability and turnover rate in the environment than BDOC. Furthermore, the UV-vis spectral indicator (S275-295) and fluorescence spectral indicators (HIX, and BIX) of BDOC were equivalent to those of natural DOC, whereas these indicators of SDOC were significantly different from those of natural DOC. This study demonstrated that BDOC and SDOC had significantly different components and properties and they might present different environmental behaviors and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China.
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11
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Liang M, Liang H, Gao P, Rao Z, Liang Y. Characterization and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions by coal fire in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:933-942. [PMID: 34128154 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coal spontaneous combustion is known to emit a variety of organic carcinogenic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the most prominent. The Wuda coalfield is a coal fire-prone region in northern China. Coal fire sponges (CFS), a sponge-like contaminated soil protrusion, occur widely in the Suhaitu mining area. PAHs concentrations in CFS were measured via GC × GC-TOFMS. The average total PAHs concentration in the central annulus (A) was 17,416 μg kg-1 and ranged from 292 to 218,251 μg kg-1. Moreover, the study exhibited a heavily contaminated level (1000 μg kg-1). Low molecular weight PAHs were dominant, accounting for more than 50% of the total PAHs. Among them, naphthalene (Nap) and phenanthrene (Phe) were the most prominent, and the correlation between Phe and Nap + Phe was highly significant (R2 > 0.9). Our findings indicated that Nap and Phe contents may constitute a novel indicator to identify coal fire emission sources. Cancer risk calculations indicated that all annulus is already at a potential risk stage (10-6-10-4) for child or adults. CFS is not only a coal fire-associated PAH sink but also an atmospheric PAH emission source and, therefore, warrants the attention of local authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yanci Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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12
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Sun Y, Tang J, Mo Y, Geng X, Zhong G, Yi X, Yan C, Li J, Zhang G. Polycyclic Aromatic Carbon: A Key Fraction Determining the Light Absorption Properties of Methanol-Soluble Brown Carbon of Open Biomass Burning Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15724-15733. [PMID: 34806878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The composition and radiative forcing of light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) aerosol remain poorly understood. Polycyclic aromatics (PAs) are BrC chromophores with fused benzene rings. Understanding the occurrence and significance of PAs in BrC is challenging due to a lack of standards for many PAs. In this study, we quantified polycyclic aromatic carbon (PAC), defined as the carbon of fused benzene rings, based on molecular markers (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs). Open biomass burning aerosols (OBBAs) of 22 rainforest plants were successively extracted with water and methanol for the analysis of water- and methanol-soluble PAC (WPAC and MPAC, respectively). PAC is an important fraction of water- and methanol-soluble organic carbon (WSOC and MSOC, respectively). WPAC/WSOC ranged from 0.03 to 0.18, and MPAC/MSOC was even higher (range: 0.16-0.80). The priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contributed less than 1% of MPAC. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of MSOC showed a strong linear correlation with MPAC/MSOC (r = 0.60-0.95, p < 0.01). The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of methanol-soluble BrC showed a strong linear correlation with the degree of aromatic condensation of MPAC, which was described by the average number of carboxylic groups of BPCA (r = -0.79, p < 0.01). This result suggested that PAC was a key fraction determining the light absorption properties (i.e., light absorptivity and wavelength dependence) of methanol-soluble BrC in OBBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, 210042 Nanjing, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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13
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Jiang Y, Sun J, Xiong C, Liu H, Li Y, Wang X, Nie Z. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals In Situ Behaviors of Multiple Components in Aerosol Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of CAS Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Department of Chemistry Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of CAS Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of CAS Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of CAS Beijing 100049 China
- College of Chemical Engineering Jiujiang University Jiujiang Jiangxi Province 332005 China
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14
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Zhang H, Wu L, Qian W, Ni J, Wei R, Qi Z, Chen W. Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) in the aqueous environment and its solubilization effect on hydrophobic organic pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117515. [PMID: 34388498 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon derived from biomass-pyrogenic smoke (SDOC) can be transported and deposited with atmospheric aerosols, enter aqueous environments, and possibly alter aqueous chemistry and quality. However, the characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments and their effects on the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the emitted SDOC is 7.2∼19.6 wt.% of biochar retained in situ after biomass pyrolysis, and the emitted SDOC is approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from biochar in a short term, which indicates that SDOC is a more important source of DOC in aqueous environments relative to biochar-released DOC after a biomass burning/pyrolysis event. The characteristics of SDOC in aqueous environments are dominated by the <1000 Da fraction, which accounts for >96 wt.% of bulk SDOC. In comparison with DOC in biochar, natural water, and soil, the S275-295 value of SDOC (0.037-0.053) is significantly greater, further indicating that SDOC has a smaller molecular size. Moreover, fluorescence EEM suggests that a fluorescence component located at the Ex/Em of 205/310 nm and the combinational ranges of fluorescence index (1.28-2.28), humification index (0.07-0.80), and biological index (1.16-1.72) can be used to identify SDOC from DOC in other media. Solubilization experiments indicated that SDOC (20 mg/L) improved the solubility of hydrophobic pollutants (pyrene and triclocarban) by 2-6 folds in aqueous environments, which potentially enhances the mobility of pollutants and enlarges the potential risk region. This study indicates that SDOC may cause a severe harm to aqueous environments in addition to the atmosphere. The results have profound implications for comprehensive assessments of the environmental effects of SDOC while promoting its identification and elucidating its behavior in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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15
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Rutherford JW, Larson T, Gould T, Seto E, Novosselov IV, Posner JD. Source Apportionment of Environmental Combustion Sources using Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 259:118501. [PMID: 34321954 PMCID: PMC8312701 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The link between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and negative health effects is well-established. Air pollution was estimated to cause 4.9 million deaths in 2017 and PM was responsible for 94% of these deaths. In order to inform effective mitigation strategies in the future, further study of PM and its health effects is important. Here, we present a method for identifying sources of combustion generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) algorithms. PM samples were collected during a health effects exposure assessment panel study in Seattle. We use archived field samples from the exposure study and the associated positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment based on X-ray fluorescence and light absorbing carbon measurements to train convolutional neural network and principal component regression algorithms. We show EEM spectra from cyclohexane extracts of the archived filter samples can be used to accurately apportion mobile and vegetative burning sources but were unable to detect crustal dust, Cl-rich, secondary sulfate and fuel oil sources. The use of this EEM-ML approach may be used to conduct PM exposure studies that include source apportionment of combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
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16
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Cheng H, Ji R, Yao S, Song Y, Sun Q, Bian Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Jiang X, Han J. Potential release of dissolved organic matter from agricultural residue-derived hydrochar: Insight from excitation emission matrix and parallel factor analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 781:146712. [PMID: 33812102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potential release quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from hydrochar (HDOM) in various environmental conditions were investigated. Corn cobs were utilized as model agricultural residue to prepare the hydrochar. Four extracts, ultra-pure water, acid solution, alkali solution and salt solution, and two temperatures, 20 °C and 60 °C, were adopted to imitate various environmental conditions. Excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis was used to evaluate the chemical properties of HDOM. The results showed that the dissolved organic carbon in the HDOM was high, ranging from 46 to 268 mg g-1. Four components were confirmed in the HDOM: mixed substances of humic-like and protein-like components, marine humic-like substances, terrestrial humic-like substances and tyrosine-like substances. Alkalinity and high temperature conditions could enhance the leaching amount of HDOM, particularly humic-like substances, and change the relative proportion of components and the chemical quality. In addition, values of the fluorescence indexes indicated that the HDOM was high microbial availability. Released HDOM may result in significant impacts in ecosystem functionality. These findings reveal the potential release characteristics of HDOM in the environment, opening new doors to understanding the environmental impacts of hydrochar and guiding its rational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Huaian, Jiangsu 223100, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Rongting Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Shi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Ziquan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Jiangang Han
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Huaian, Jiangsu 223100, PR China
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17
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Purohit AL, Misquith JA, Pinkard BR, Moore SJ, Kramlich JC, Reinhall PG, Novosselov IV. Design of a Small-Scale Supercritical Water Oxidation Reactor. Part II: Numerical Modeling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol L. Purohit
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John A. Misquith
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Brian R. Pinkard
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stuart J. Moore
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John C. Kramlich
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Per G. Reinhall
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- University of Washington, Institute for Nanoengineered Systems, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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18
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Jiang Y, Sun J, Xiong C, Liu H, Li Y, Wang X, Nie Z. Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals In Situ Behaviors of Multiple Components in Aerosol Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23225-23231. [PMID: 34254412 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The inhalation of atmospheric particles is deleterious to human health. However, as a complex mixture, tracing the behaviors of multiple components from real aerosol particles is crucial but unachievable by the existing methods. Here, taking advantage of the intrinsic fingerprints of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in carbonaceous aerosol (CA) upon laser irradiation, we proposed a label-free mass spectrometry imaging method to visualize and quantify the deposition, translocation and component variation of CA in organs. With this method, the heterogeneous deposition, clearance and release behavior of CA in lung, that more OC was released in parenchyma and OC was cleared faster than EC, was observed. The translocation of CA to extrapulmonary organs including kidney, liver, spleen and even brain was also verified and quantified. By comparing the ratio of OC to EC, an organ-specific release behavior of OC from CA during circulation was revealed. In orthotopic lung and liver tumor, OC was found to penetrate more into tumor foci than EC. This technique provides deeper information for understanding the systemic health effects of aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, 332005, China
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19
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Kuang Y, Shang J, Chen Q. Effect of ozone aging on light absorption and fluorescence of brown carbon in soot particles: The important role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125406. [PMID: 33609879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of brown carbon (BrC) during atmospheric aging, including the changes in optical properties and chemical compositions, is still unclear. Light absorption and fluorescence of BrC fraction extracted from fresh and ozonized propane soot particles by methanol were systematically measured, which showed that (1) the mass absorption efficiencies (MAE) sharply decreased by ozone (O3) aging (e.g., 1.2 ± 0.3-0.8 ± 0.1 m2 g-1 for MAE365), but changed slowly with increased O3 concentration (e.g., from 0.7 ± 0.2-0.8 ± 0.1 m2 g-1 for MAE365); (2) the fluorescence emission peaks were blue shifted, implying a loss of conjugated structures; (3) excitation-emission matrix analysis suggested that humic-like substances, charge transfer complexes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-like substances were the main chromophores. The PAH loss, accompanied by the decline of surface C˭C content, contributed more to the change of optical properties than the oxygenated PAH formation, thereby leading to the decrease in light absorption and fluorescence with O3 aging. This research reveals the importance of identifying the components responsible for optical properties in investigating the evolution of BrC during atmospheric aging, and is benefit for improving the evaluation of BrC's radiative forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kuang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, People's Republic of China
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Mahamuni G, He J, Rutherford J, Ockerman B, Majumdar A, Seto E, Korshin G, Novosselov I. Solid-phase excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy for chemical analysis of combustion aerosols. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251664. [PMID: 34014964 PMCID: PMC8136721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine combustion aerosols such as particulate matter (PM) from residential woodburning, forest fires, cigarette smoke, and traffic emission have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy presents a sensitive and cost-effective alternative for analysis of PM organic fraction. However, as with other analytical chemistry methods, the miniaturization is hindered by a solvent extraction step and a need for benchtop instrumentation. We present a methodology for collecting and in-situ analysis of airborne nanoparticles that eliminates labor-intensive sample preparation and miniaturizes the detection platform. Nanoparticles are electrostatically collected onto a transparent substrate coated with solid-phase (SP) solvent-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PM organic fraction is extracted into PDMS and analyzed in-situ, thus avoiding liquid-phase extraction. In the SP-EEM analysis, we evaluated external and internal excitation schemes. Internal excitation shows the lowest scattering interference but leads to signal masking from PDMS fluorescence for λ<250nm. The external excitation EEM spectra are dependent on the excitation light incident angle; ranges of 30-40° and 55-65° show the best results. SP-EEM spectra of woodsmoke and cigarette smoke samples are in good agreement with the EEM spectra of liquid-phase extracts. The SP-EEM technique can be used to develop wearable sensors for exposure assessments and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Mahamuni
- University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jiayang He
- University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jay Rutherford
- University of Washington, Chemical Engineering, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Byron Ockerman
- University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Arka Majumdar
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Edmund Seto
- University of Washington, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Gregory Korshin
- University of Washington, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Igor Novosselov
- University of Washington, Mechanical Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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