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Yang W, Xia Z, Zheng J, Li F, Nan X, Du T, Han C. Reactive oxygen species play key roles in the nitrite formation by the inorganic nitrate photolysis in the presence of urban water-soluble organic carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174203. [PMID: 38909793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrates were considered to be a potential source of atmospheric NO2-/HONO during the daytime. To better evaluate the contribution of nitrate photochemistry on NO2-/HONO formation, the photolysis of nitrates in the real atmospheric environment needs to be further explored. Here, the NO2- generation by the photolysis of inorganic nitrates in the presence of total water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) was quantified. The physicochemical properties of WSOC were measured to understand the underlying mechanism for the photolysis of inorganic nitrates with WSOC. WSOC enhanced or suppressed the photochemical conversion of nitrates to NO2-, with the quantum yield of NO2- (ΦNO2-) varying from (0.07 ± 0.02)% to (3.11 ± 0.04)% that depended on the light absorption properties of WSOC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from WSOC, including O2-/HO2 and OH, played a dual role in the NO2- formation. Light-absorbing substances in WSOC, such as N-containing and carbonyl aromatics, produced O2-/HO2 that enhanced the secondary conversion of NO2 to NO2-. On the other hand, OH deriving from the WSOC photochemistry inhibited the nitrate photodegradation and the NO2- formation. HONO source strength by the aqueous photolysis of nitrates with WSOC was estimated to be lower than 100 ppt h-1, which may partly contribute to the atmospheric HONO source in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjin Yang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhifu Xia
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Fu Li
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiangli Nan
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tao Du
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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2
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Cai D, Li C, Lin J, Sun W, Zhang M, Wang T, Abudumutailifu M, Lyu Y, Huang X, Li X, Chen J. Comparative study of atmospheric brown carbon at Shanghai and the East China Sea: Molecular characterization and optical properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173782. [PMID: 38848916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The pollution burdens and compositions of atmospheric brown carbon (BrC) that determine their impacts on climate-health-ecosystems have not been well studied, particularly in some mega-economic coastal areas. Herein, atmospheric BrC samples synchronously collected from urban Shanghai (SH) and Huaniao Island (HNI) in the East China Sea during winter were characterized through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-HRMS). The three polarity-dependent BrC fractions exhibited significant differences in both light absorption and chromophore composition. The average light absorption coefficients of BrC subfractions at 365 nm in SH were 2.6-3.7 times higher than those in HNI. The water-insoluble BrC (WIS-BrC) and humic-likes BrC (HULIS-BrC) dominated the total BrC absorption in SH (45 ± 7 %) and HNI (43 ± 6 %), respectively. Compared with SH, the higher O/Cw, lower molecule conjugation degree, and reduced mass absorption efficiency at 365 nm (MAE365) in HNI imply a potential bleaching mechanism during the transportation oxidation process. Thousands of BrC chromophores were detected at both sites. >20 major chromophores with strong absorption were unambiguously identified in HULIS-BrC and accounted for ∼40 % of the HULIS light absorption at 365 nm at both sites. These chromophores in SH HULIS-BrC featured oxygenated aromatics and nitroaromatics, while alkyl benzenesulfonic acids with emissions from cargo ships were found in HNI HULIS-BrC. Moreover, 22 major chromophores identified in WIS-BrC included alkaloids, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and carbonyl oxygenated PAHs, contributing 39 % and 49 % of the WIS-BrC light absorption at 365 nm in SH and HNI, respectively. Ascertaining the molecular-specific optical properties of BrC chromophores over the mega-economic coastal area is helpful for the predictive understanding of the sources and evolution of BrC, as well as its atmospheric behavior from land to sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingxin Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Munila Abudumutailifu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Lyu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China..
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China..
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3
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Zhong S, Liu R, Yue S, Wang P, Zhang Q, Ma C, Deng J, Qi Y, Zhu J, Liu CQ, Kawamura K, Fu P. Peatland Wildfires Enhance Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds in Marine Aerosols over the Western Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10991-11002. [PMID: 38829627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Peatland wildfires contribute significantly to the atmospheric release of light-absorbing organic carbon, often referred to as brown carbon. In this study, we examine the presence of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) within marine aerosols across the Western Pacific Ocean, which are influenced by peatland fires from Southeast Asia. Employing ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode, we discovered that NOCs are predominantly composed of reduced nitrogenous bases, including CHN+ and CHON+ groups. Notably, the count of NOC formulas experiences a marked increase within plumes from peatland wildfires compared to those found in typical marine air masses. These NOCs, often identified as N-heterocyclic alkaloids, serve as potential light-absorbing chromophores. Furthermore, many NOCs demonstrate pyrolytic stability, engage in a variety of substitution reactions, and display enhanced hydrophilic properties, attributed to chemical processes such as methoxylation, hydroxylation, methylation, and hydrogenation that occur during emission and subsequent atmospheric aging. During the daytime atmospheric transport, aging of aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds, particularly in aliphatic amines prone to oxidation and reactions with amine, was observed. The findings underscore the critical role of peatland wildfires in augmenting nitrogen-containing organics in marine aerosols, underscoring the need for in-depth research into their effects on marine ecosystems and regional climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environment Protection, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530022, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junjun Deng
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Calderon-Arrieta D, Morales AC, Hettiyadura APS, Estock TM, Li C, Rudich Y, Laskin A. Enhanced Light Absorption and Elevated Viscosity of Atmospheric Brown Carbon through Evaporation of Volatile Components. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7493-7504. [PMID: 38637508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Samples of brown carbon (BrC) material were collected from smoke emissions originating from wood pyrolysis experiments, serving as a proxy for BrC representative of biomass burning emissions. The acquired samples, referred to as "pyrolysis oil (PO1)," underwent subsequent processing by thermal evaporation of their volatile compounds, resulting in a set of three additional samples with volume reduction factors of 1.33, 2, and 3, denoted as PO1.33, PO2, and PO3. The chemical compositions of these POx samples and their BrC chromophore features were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument coupled with a photodiode array detector and a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The investigation revealed a noteworthy twofold enhancement of BrC light absorption observed for the progression of PO1 to PO3 samples, assessed across the spectral range of 300-500 nm. Concurrently, a decrease in the absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) from 11 to 7 was observed, indicating a weaker spectral dependence. The relative enhancement of BrC absorption at longer wavelengths was more significant, as exemplified by the increased mass absorption coefficient (MAC) measured at 405 nm from 0.1 to 0.5 m2/g. Molecular characterization further supports this darkening trend, manifesting as a depletion of small oxygenated, less absorbing monoaromatic compounds and the retention of relatively large, less polar, more absorbing constituents. Noteworthy alterations of the PO1 to PO3 mixtures included a reduction in the saturation vapor pressure of their components and an increase in viscosity. These changes were quantified by the mean values shifting from approximately 1.8 × 103 μg/m3 to 2.3 μg/m3 and from ∼103 Pa·s to ∼106 Pa·s, respectively. These results provide quantitative insights into the extent of BrC aerosol darkening during atmospheric aging through nonreactive evaporation. This new understanding will inform the refinement of atmospheric and chemical transport models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Calderon-Arrieta
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana C Morales
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Taylor M Estock
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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5
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Gao P, Deng R, Jia S, Li Y, Wang X, Xing Q. Effects of combustion temperature on the optical properties of brown carbon from biomass burning. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:302-309. [PMID: 37980017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning has been known as one of main sources of Brown Carbon (BrC) in atmosphere. In this study, by controlling the combustion temperature at 250°C, 350°C, and 450°C, the methanol soluble organic carbon (MSOC) and methanol insoluble carbon (MISC) from pine wood burning was collected by impinger. UV-Vis, excitation emission matrix (EEM), TEM and FTIR spectra were applied to investigate the properties of BrC collected. For MSOC at 250°C and 350°C, all the spectral profiles of UV-Vis absorption and excitation emission matrix are almost the same, while the EEM of MSOC at 450°C are different from that of the other two. For MISC fluorescence was observed only in the case of 450°C. In the FTIR spectra, with the temperature increasing the peaks associated to the oxygen-contained functions was weakened, indicating the formation of the fluorophores with larger conjugated system, especially aromatic hydrocarbons. Our results show that biomass combustion at low temperature produces more oxygen-riched BrC, which possesses relatively lower light absorption, while at high temperature produces more aromatics hydrocarbons with relatively strong light absorption. The results of this work are helpful to trace the source of brown carbon and optimize biomass energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rule Deng
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Jia
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Chemistry Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qian Xing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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6
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Xu N, Hu M, Li X, Song K, Qiu Y, Sun HX, Wang Y, Zeng L, Li M, Wang H, Hu S, Zong T, Bai Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Shuai S, Chen Y, Guo S. Resolving Ultraviolet-Visible Spectra for Complex Dissolved Mixtures of Multitudinous Organic Matters in Aerosols. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1834-1842. [PMID: 38266381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Light-absorbing organic aerosols, referred to as brown carbon (BrC), play a vital role in the global climate and air quality. Due to the complexity of BrC chromophores, the identified absorbing substances in the ambient atmosphere are very limited. However, without comprehensive knowledge of the complex absorbing compounds in BrC, our understanding of its sources, formation, and evolution mechanisms remains superficial, leading to great uncertainty in climatic and atmospheric models. To address this gap, we developed a constrained non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model to resolve the individual ultraviolet-visible spectrum for each substance in dissolved organic aerosols, with the power of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-UHRMS). The resolved spectra were validated by selected standard substances and validation samples. Approximately 40,000 light-absorbing substances were recognized at the MS1 level. It turns out that BrC is composed of a vast number of substances rather than a few prominent chromophores in the urban atmosphere. Previous understanding of the absorbing feature of BrC based on a few identified compounds could be biased. Weak-absorbing substances missed previously play an important role in BrC absorption when they are integrated due to their overwhelming number. This model brings the property exploration of complex dissolved organic mixtures to a molecular level, laying a foundation for identifying potentially significant compositions and obtaining a comprehensive chemical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanting Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Xuan Sun
- Center for Data Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Linghan Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengren Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuya Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Taomou Zong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yao Bai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuangde Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shijin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Bai Z, Shao J, Xu W, Zhu K, Zhao L, Wang L, Chen J. An unneglected source to ambient brown carbon and VOCs at harbor area: LNG tractor truck. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165575. [PMID: 37499815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The ambient air quality of harbors area in Asia is commonly more polluted compared to other continents. The airborne pollutant is directly or indirectly related to a significant impact of traffic emissions. This study for the first time assessed the impacts on brown carbon (BrC) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from in-port liquid natural gas (LNG) tractor truck at harbor areas, via conducting real-time monitoring of VOCs characteristic and sampling for ambient air at a harbor (named as W harbor) in Shanghai, China, collecting emissions of in-port LNG tractor truck and miniCast in laboratory, as well as statistics of external container diesel trucks in the port for further validation. HPLC/DAD/Q-Tof MS was adopted for sample analysis. Results showed that many CHO compounds were associated with vehicle exhausts. Among of them, aliphatic CHO compounds with low degree of unsaturation were identified as fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters extensively existing in fuel combustion emissions. And non-aliphatic CHO compounds characterized by low O/C ratios (<0.17) identified for the harbor air came from the emissions of in-port LNG power trucks with low-speed driving and idling. The ambient average non-methane total hydrocarbons (NMHC) concentration (0.59 ppm) at W harbor was much greater than that for other areas in Shanghai. The higher ratios of toluene/benzene (3.30) and m/p-xylene/ethylbenzene (3.11) observed at W harbor implied instead of external container diesel trucks, the dominating contributing of internal LNG tractor trucks to ambient VOCs cannot be neglected. This study concluded that LNG is not as clean as it was expected. The LNG-fueled vehicles can produce strong light-absorption chromophores as well as high concentration of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Bai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiantao Shao
- China Construction Eighth Engineering Division Corp., Ltd., Shanghai 200112, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shanghai Jianke Environmental Techonology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
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8
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Wen W, Shi L, Li L, Wang L, Chen J. Molecular characteristics of ambient organic aerosols in Shanghai winter before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161811. [PMID: 36702275 PMCID: PMC9870803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the global pandemic of COVID-19, the world adopted different strategies to avoid the human and economic loss, and so does China. The reduction of human activities during this time period caused reduction in PM emissions. This study adopted a HPLC-Q-TOF-MS to compare the chemical compositions of ambient aerosol samples collected in Shanghai winter before (2018, 2019) and after (2021) the COVID-19 outbreak. The identified compositions were classified into subgroups of CHO, CHN, CHON, CHONS, CHOS and CHN compounds. Results showed that CHO compounds and CHON compounds were dominating the organic compounds in ESI- and ESI+, respectively. The average percentages of CHO- compounds were 57.97 % in 2018, 58.98 % in 2019, and 43.93 % in 2021, respectively. The average percentages of CHON+ compounds were 52.74 % in 2018, 50.34 % in 2019, and 52.02 % in 2021, respectively. The proportion of aliphatic compounds increased gradually during the three years, especially in 2021, indicating that CHO compounds were less affected by aromatic precursors after the COVID-19 outbreak. The contribution of anthropogenic emissions in Shanghai was weakened compared with the previous years. In addition, there was an enhanced emission source containing hydroxyl for CHOS compound formation in 2021. The variations of atmospheric oxidation degree among the three years were not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Longbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
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9
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Ho CS, Lv Z, Peng J, Zhang J, Choe TH, Zhang Q, Du Z, Mao H. Optical properties of vehicular brown carbon emissions: Road tunnel and chassis dynamometer tests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121037. [PMID: 36641064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC), as an important light-absorbing aerosol, significantly impacts regional and global climate. Vehicle emission is a nonnegligible source of BrC, but the optical properties of BrC emitted from vehicles remain poorly understood. This study evaluates the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of traffic-related light-absorbing aerosols (i.e., AAETr) and the absorption emission factor (EFabs) of vehicular BrC via chassis dynamometer tests and a road tunnel measurement in Tianjin, China. AAETr are estimated as 0.98-1.33 and 1.11 ± 0.001 for tested vehicles and on-road vehicle fleet, respectively. The AAE of vehicular BrC (AAEBrC) is 3.83 ± 0.092 for on-road vehicle fleet. The vehicle technology updates effectively reduce the EFabs of vehicular BrC. Among the four tested China 5 and China 6 gasoline vehicles in the chassis dynamometer tests, BrC EFabs of China 5 gasoline direct injection vehicle is the highest, while China 6 mixing fuel injection vehicle exhibits the lowest EFabs. The BrC EFabs of on-road vehicle fleet at 370 nm wavelength are 0.081 ± 0.0058 m2 kg-1 for mixed fleet, 0.074 ± 0.018 m2 kg-1 for gasoline vehicles (GVs), and 1.66 ± 0.71 m2 kg-1 for diesel vehicles (DVs) in the tunnel measurement. EFabs of GV fleet in the road tunnel is higher than China 5 and China 6 vehicles, as China 1-4 vehicles accounted for 26.8% of the total vehicle fleet in the tunnel. EFabs of vehicular BrC are lower than those from biomass burning and coal combustion emissions. The light absorption of BrC from GVs and DVs accounts for 7.2 ± 2.1% and 1.5 ± 0.77% of total traffic-related absorption at 370 nm, respectively. Our study provides optical features of BrC from vehicle source and could contribute to estimating the impacts of vehicular aerosol emissions on global and regional climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Song Ho
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; High-Tech Research and Development Center, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Zongyan Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jinsheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tong-Hyok Choe
- Faculty of Global Environmental Science, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Bai Z, Wen W, Zhang W, Li L, Wang L, Chen J. The light absorbing and molecule characteristic of PM 2.5 brown carbon observed in urban Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120874. [PMID: 36526053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Both brown carbon (BrC) and the non-absorbing components coated on black carbon (BC) aerosols can enhance the light absorption of BC aerosols. BrC is a complicated mixture of organic compounds and not well characterized, which hinders exploring the links between BrC and optical properties. We conducted an in-depth field study on optical properties of ambient aerosols at a monitoring site in Shanghai, China via real-time monitoring and offline analysis. Results showed that BrC caused light absorption coefficients were 3.3 ± 3.3 Mm-1, 2.2 ± 5.0 Mm-1, 1.2 ± 1.2 Mm-1 at λ = 370, 470 and 520 nm, respectively, accounting for 11%, 10%, 6% of the total aerosol absorption for the corresponding wavelengths. A larger proportion of long-chain aliphatic organosulfates (OSs, CnH2n+2O4S, (CH2)nO5S, (CH2)nO6S) with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 0 or 1 accounted for 5-20% of the light absorption (λ = 365 nm) for soluble brown carbon (BrC), which were dominating for the days with less N-containing aromatic compounds appearing. Furthermore, the structure of CnH2n+2O4S, (CH2)nO5S, (CH2)nO6S were explored using target MS/MS of HPLC-Q-ToF-MS: (CH2)nO5S series, the most abundant family of OSs, were constructed by functionalizing a saturated hydrocarbon with one sulfate and one carbonyl group. CnH2n+2O4S series were oxidized with only one sulfate group in the aliphatic chain R. (CH2)nO6S series were proposed as aliphatic OSs with one ester group. We speculated aliphatic OSs were formed via acid catalyzed perhydrolysis of hydroperoxides derived from long-chain alkanes releasing from diesel fueled vehicles, followed by the reaction with sulfate anion radicals. Therefore, relevant technologies should be further explored to reduce the impacts from vehicle emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, China
| | - Wen Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
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11
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Aslam I, Roeffaers MBJ. Carbonaceous Nanoparticle Air Pollution: Toxicity and Detection in Biological Samples. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223948. [PMID: 36432235 PMCID: PMC9698098 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the different air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is of great concern due to its abundant presence in the atmosphere, which results in adverse effects on the environment and human health. The different components of PM can be classified based on their physicochemical properties. Carbonaceous particles (CPs) constitute a major fraction of ultrafine PM and have the most harmful effects. Herein, we present a detailed overview of the main components of CPs, e.g., carbon black (CB), black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC), from natural and anthropogenic sources. The emission sources and the adverse effects of CPs on the environment and human health are discussed. Particularly, we provide a detailed overview of the reported toxic effects of CPs in the human body, such as respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, neurodegenerative effects, carcinogenic effects, etc. In addition, we also discuss the challenges faced by and limitations of the available analytical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative detection of CPs in atmospheric and biological samples. Considering the heterogeneous nature of CPs and biological samples, a detailed overview of different analytical techniques for the detection of CPs in (real-exposure) biological samples is also provided. This review provides useful insights into the classification, toxicity, and detection of CPs in biological samples.
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12
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Price CL, Preston TC, Davies JF. Hygroscopic Growth, Phase Morphology, and Optical Properties of Model Aqueous Brown Carbon Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3941-3951. [PMID: 35312301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon aerosol in the atmosphere contain light-absorbing chromophores that influence the optical scattering properties of the particles. These chromophores may be hydrophobic, such as PAHs, or water soluble, such as nitroaromatics, imidazoles, and other conjugated oxygen-rich molecules. Water-soluble chromophores are expected to exist in aqueous solution in the presence of sufficient water and will exhibit physical properties (e.g., size, refractive index, and phase morphology) that depend on the environmental relative humidity (RH). In this work, we characterize the RH-dependent properties of 4-nitrocatechol (4-NC) and its mixtures with ammonium sulfate, utilizing a single-particle levitation platform coupled with Mie resonance spectroscopy to probe the size, real part of the complex refractive index (RI), and phase morphology of individual micron-sized particles. We measure the hygroscopic growth properties of pure 4-NC and apply mixing rules to characterize the growth of mixtures with ammonium sulfate. We report the RI at 589 nm for these samples as a function of RH and explore the wavelength dependence of the RI at non-absorbing wavelengths. The real part of the RI at 589 nm was found to vary in the range 1.54-1.59 for pure 4-NC from 92.5 to 75% RH, with an estimated pure component RI of 1.70. The real part of the RI was also measured for mixtures of AS and 4-NC and ranged from 1.39 to 1.51 depending on the component ratio and RH. We went on to characterize phase transitions in mixed particles, identifying the onset RH of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and efflorescence transitions. Mixtures showed LLPS in the range of 85-76% RH depending on the molar ratio, while efflorescence typically fell between 22 and 42% RH. Finally, we characterized the imaginary part of the complex RI using an effective oscillator model to capture the wavelength-dependent absorption properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Thomas C Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Yang Z, Tsona NT, George C, Du L. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds Enhance Light Absorption of Aromatic-Derived Brown Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4005-4016. [PMID: 35192318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary brown carbon (BrC) is chemically complex, leading to an unclear relationship between its molecular composition and optical properties. Here, we present an in-depth investigation of molecular-specific optical properties and aging of secondary BrC produced from the photooxidation of ethylbenzene at varied NOx levels for the first time. Due to the pronounced formation of unsaturated products, the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) of ethylbenzene secondary organic aerosols (ESOA) at 365 nm was higher than that of biogenic SOA by a factor of 10. A high NOx level ([ethylbenzene]0/[NOx]0 < 10 ppbC ppb-1) was found to significantly increase the average MAC300-700nm of ESOA by 0.29 m2 g-1. The data from two complementary high-resolution mass spectrometers and quantum chemical calculations suggested that nitrogen-containing compounds were largely responsible for the enhanced light absorption of high-NOx ESOA, and multifunctional nitroaromatic compounds (such as C8H9NO3 and C8H9NO4) were identified as important BrC chromophores. High-NOx ESOA underwent photobleaching upon direct exposure to ultraviolet light. Photolysis did not lead to the significant decomposition of C8H9NO3 and C8H9NO4, indicating that nitroaromatic compounds may serve as relatively stable nitrogen reservoirs and would effectively absorb solar radiation during the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Yang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Narcisse T Tsona
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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14
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Sun Y, Tang J, Mo Y, Geng X, Zhong G, Yi X, Yan C, Li J, Zhang G. Polycyclic Aromatic Carbon: A Key Fraction Determining the Light Absorption Properties of Methanol-Soluble Brown Carbon of Open Biomass Burning Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15724-15733. [PMID: 34806878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The composition and radiative forcing of light-absorbing brown carbon (BrC) aerosol remain poorly understood. Polycyclic aromatics (PAs) are BrC chromophores with fused benzene rings. Understanding the occurrence and significance of PAs in BrC is challenging due to a lack of standards for many PAs. In this study, we quantified polycyclic aromatic carbon (PAC), defined as the carbon of fused benzene rings, based on molecular markers (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs). Open biomass burning aerosols (OBBAs) of 22 rainforest plants were successively extracted with water and methanol for the analysis of water- and methanol-soluble PAC (WPAC and MPAC, respectively). PAC is an important fraction of water- and methanol-soluble organic carbon (WSOC and MSOC, respectively). WPAC/WSOC ranged from 0.03 to 0.18, and MPAC/MSOC was even higher (range: 0.16-0.80). The priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contributed less than 1% of MPAC. The mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of MSOC showed a strong linear correlation with MPAC/MSOC (r = 0.60-0.95, p < 0.01). The absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of methanol-soluble BrC showed a strong linear correlation with the degree of aromatic condensation of MPAC, which was described by the average number of carboxylic groups of BPCA (r = -0.79, p < 0.01). This result suggested that PAC was a key fraction determining the light absorption properties (i.e., light absorptivity and wavelength dependence) of methanol-soluble BrC in OBBAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, 210042 Nanjing, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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15
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Zhu C, Miyakawa T, Irie H, Choi Y, Taketani F, Kanaya Y. Light-absorption properties of brown carbon aerosols in the Asian outflow: Implications of a combination of filter and ground remote-sensing observations at Fukue Island, Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149155. [PMID: 34346377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) aerosols have important warming effects on Earth's radiative forcing. However, information on the evolution of the light-absorption properties of BrC aerosols in the Asian outflow region is limited. In this study, we evaluated the light-absorption properties of BrC using in-situ filter measurements and sky radiometer observations of the ground-based remote sensing network SKYradiometer NETwork (SKYNET) made on Fukue Island, western Japan in 2018. The light-absorption coefficient of BrC obtained from filter measurements had a temporal trend similar to that of the ambient concentration of black carbon (BC), indicating that BrC and BC have common combustion sources. The absorption Angstrom exponent in the wavelength range of 340-870 nm derived from the SKYNET observations was 15% higher in spring (1.81 ± 0.30) than through the whole year (1.53 ± 0.50), suggesting that the Asian outflow carries light-absorbing aerosols to Fukue Island and the western North Pacific. After eliminating the contributions of BC, the absorption Angstrom exponent of BrC alone obtained from filter observations had a positive Spearman correlation (rs = 0.77, p < 0.1) with that derived from SKYNET observations but 33% higher values, indicating that the light-absorption properties of BrC were successfully captured using the two methods. Using the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART and fire hotspots obtained from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite product, we identified a high-BrC event related to an air mass originating from regions with consistent fossil fuel combustion and sporadic open biomass burning in central East China. The results of the study may help to clarify the dynamics and climatic effects of BrC aerosols in East Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Zhu
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 2360001, Japan.
| | - Takuma Miyakawa
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 2360001, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Irie
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan
| | - Yongjoo Choi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 2360001, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Taketani
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 2360001, Japan
| | - Yugo Kanaya
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama 2360001, Japan
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